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BPSC Assistant Engineer Examination:

Science & Technology
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 Preface

The compilation of this book Science & Technology was motivated by

the desire to provide a concise book which can benefit students who

are preparing for Bihar Public Service Commission (BPSC) Assistant

Engineer Examination.

This particular textbook of Science & Technology provides all the

requirements of the students and this concise presentation will help
the readers grasp the theory of this subject with clarity and apply
them with ease to solve objective questions quickly. This book not only covers the syllabus of BPSC
Assistant Engineer Examination in a holistic manner but is also useful for other competitive examinations.
All the topics are given the emphasis they deserve so that mere reading of the book clarifies all the
concepts. We have put in our sincere efforts to present detailed theory and MCQs without compromising
the accuracy of answers.

Our team has made their best efforts to remove all possible errors of any kind. Nonetheless, we would
highly appreciate and acknowledge if you find and share with us any printing and conceptual errors.

It is impossible to thank all the individuals who helped us, but we would like to sincerely thank all the

authors, editors and reviewers for putting in their efforts to publish this book.

With Best Wishes

B. Singh

CMD, MADE EASY Group

Contents
Science & Technology

Chapter 1 Introduction..................................................................26
Physical Chemistry......................................................26
Physics................................................................. 1
Matter...........................................................................26
Introduction................................................................... 1
Atomic Structure..........................................................28
Unit............................................................................... 1
Mole Concept..............................................................29
Pressure........................................................................ 1
Isotopes, Isobars and Isotones....................................29
Gravitation.................................................................... 2
Radioactivity................................................................31
Light.............................................................................. 3
Chemical Bonding.......................................................33
Mirror............................................................................ 4
Basics of Motion........................................................... 5 Oxidation-Reduction....................................................34

Circular Motion.............................................................. 6 Acids, Bases and Salts................................................34

Force............................................................................. 7 Gas Laws.....................................................................37
Newton’s Laws of Motion.............................................. 7 Electrolysis...................................................................38
Planet............................................................................ 8 Inorganic Chemistry.....................................................38
Basics of Nuclear Physics............................................ 9 Periodic Classification of Elements..............................38
Electronics...................................................................11 Metals and Metallurgy..................................................40
Semiconductor.............................................................11 Metals and their Properties..........................................40
Electrostatics...............................................................11 Non-Metals & their properties......................................46
Coulomb’s Law............................................................11
Organic Chemistry.......................................................56
Electricity.....................................................................12
Introduction..................................................................56
Magnetism...................................................................13
Classification of Organic Compounds.........................56
Magnet.........................................................................13
Different Classes of Organic Compounds...................58
Magnetic Field.............................................................13
Some Important Organic Compounds.........................60
Heat.............................................................................15
Thermodynamics.........................................................16
Practice Questions........................................................ 63
Waves & their Properties..............................................16
Elasticity.......................................................................17 Chapter 3
Surface Tension...........................................................18
Biology...............................................................66
Capillarity.....................................................................18
Basics of biology.........................................................66
Viscosity.......................................................................18
Flotation.......................................................................19 Plants...........................................................................66

Density.........................................................................19 Animals........................................................................67
Simple Harmonic Motion/ Pendulum............................20 Miscellaneous..............................................................69
Practice Questions........................................................ 21 The Cell........................................................................70
Structure of Cell...........................................................71

Chapter 2 Details of cell organelles..............................................72

Cellular Pool.................................................................73
Chemistry..........................................................26
Cell cycle.....................................................................73

(v)
Cell Division.................................................................73 Theories of Evolution..................................................121
Nutrition.......................................................................74 Some Important Data.................................................121
Photosynthesis.............................................................75 Practice Questions..................................................... 124
Chemosynthesis..........................................................75
Composition of Food....................................................75 Chapter 4
Digestive System.........................................................82
Computer & Information Technology.... 128
Digestive Hormones.....................................................84
Basics of Computer...................................................128
Teeth............................................................................84
Types of Computers...................................................128
Bones...........................................................................86
Software.....................................................................129
Joints...........................................................................88
Programming Languages..........................................130
Muscles.......................................................................89
Input Devices.............................................................130
Respiratory System......................................................89
Output Devices..........................................................131
Important Respiratory Organs......................................89
Database Management System (DBMS)....................131
Important Lung Volumes..............................................90
Memory......................................................................133
Circulatory System.......................................................91
Computer Networks...................................................134
Heart............................................................................92
Network Topology......................................................134
Blood...........................................................................93
Communication System.............................................136
Lymphatic System........................................................96
Internet Protocol.........................................................137
Integumentary System.................................................97
Masking.....................................................................137
Skin..............................................................................97
Router........................................................................137
Glandular System......................................................100
Firewall.......................................................................138
Nervous System.........................................................106
Network Security........................................................138
Sensory organs..........................................................109
Cryptography.............................................................138
Human Reproductive System....................................111
Operating System......................................................138
Human Diseases........................................................114
Microsoft Windows.....................................................139
Types of Diseases.....................................................114
Internet.......................................................................140
Miscellaneous............................................................120
Web Browser.............................................................140
Important Fields and Their Founders.........................120
Practice Questions..................................................... 142

nnnn

(vi)
 Physics

2. Derived Unit: All the units which are

INTRODUCTION expressed in terms of fundamental units are
known as derived units. Examples: Newton,
Joule, etc.
• Physics is a branch of science which is • Internationally, there are four types of unit
concerned with all aspects of nature on both the systems. These are:
microscopic and macroscopic level. Its scope
1. S.I. Units/System: It is the modern form of
of study encompasses not only the behavior of
the metric system, and is the most widely
objects under the action of forces but also the
used system of measurement. It comprises
nature of gravitational, electromagnetic, nuclear
a coherent system of units of measurement
forces among others.
built on seven base units namely kilogram,
• The ultimate objective of physics is to formulate meter, second, candela, ampere, kelvin and
comprehensive principles that bring together mol.
and explain all such phenomena.
2. CGS System: The centimeter-gram-second
(CGS) system of units is a variant of the metric
Unit system based on centimetre as the unit of
length, gram as unit of mass, and the second
• Unit is the chosen standard used for measuring a
as the unit of time.
physical quantity.
3. FPS System: The foot-pound-second (FPS)
• There are basically two types of unit:
system is a system of units built on three
1. Fundamental Unit: These units are a set of
fundamental units: the foot for length, the
measurements, defined arbitrarily and from
pound for mass and the second for time.
which other units are derived. Examples:
meter, kilogram, second, etc. 4. MKS System: The MKS system of units is a
The fundamental unit of some of the physical physical system of units that expresses any
quantities are given below: given measurement using base units of the
metre, kilogram, and second.
Sl. Physical Quantity S.I. Unit
1 Length Meter (m)
2 Mass Kilogram (kg) PRESSURE
3 Time Second (s)
4 Temperature Kelvin (K) Pressure
5 Electric Current Ampere (A) Pressure is defined as force acting normally on
6 Luminous Intensity Candela (Cd) unit area of the surface. SI unit of pressure is
N/m2 also called Pascal (Pa). Pressure is an scalar
7 Amount of Substance Mole (mol) quantity.
8 Plane Angle Radian (rad)
F Normal force acting on the surface
Pressure (P ) = =
9 Solid Angle Steradian (sr) A Area of the surface
2 Bihar Public Service Commission | Assistant Engineer Examination

Atmospheric Pressure (iii) Boiling point of all the substances increases with
the increase in pressure.
Atmospheric pressure is that pressure which is
exerted by the atmospheric gases and measured
by a mercury column of 76 cm length at 0°C at 45°
latitude at the sea-level. It is equal to weight of 76
GRAVITATION
cm column of mercury of cross-section area 1 cm2.
Generally, it is measured in bar.
Atmospheric pressure 1 atm = 1.01 bar = 1.01 × 105 Gravitation
N/m2
Each and every massive body attracts each other
by virtue of their masses. This phenomenon is called
Interesting Facts
gravitation.
• It is difficult to cook on the mountain as the
pressure is low on mountain in comparison Newton’s Law of Gravitation
to plain areas as atmospheric pressure
The gravitational force of attraction between two
decreases with the increase of height.
bodies is directly proportional to the product of their
• The fountain pen of a passenger leaks in
masses and inversely proportional to the square of
aeroplane at height, due to reduction in
the distance between them.
atmospheric pressure.
Gravitational force (F) = G.m1.m2/ r2

Measurement of Pressure Where G is the gravitational constant = 6.67×10–11

Nm2kg-2., m1 and m2 are the masses of two bodies
• Barometer measures the atmospheric pressure. and r is the distance between them.
• Sudden fall in barometric reading is the indication
of storm.
Acceleration due to Gravity of Earth
• Slow fall in barometric reading is the indication of
rain. The acceleration produced in a body due to the
• Slow rise in the barometric reading is the gravitational pull of the earth is called acceleration
indication of clear weather. due to gravity.
g = GM/R2
Pascal’s Law of Pressure Where M is the mass of the Earth and R is the radius
It states that “the pressure exerted anywhere at of the Earth.
a point of confined fluid is transmitted equally in Note:
all directions throughout the liquid”. Examples:
Hydraulic lift, hydraulic press, hydraulic brake, etc. • The value of g slightly changes from place to
work on the Pascal’s law. place but its value near the Earth’s surface is
9.8 ms–2.
Effects:
• Gravitational force is the weakest force in
• If gravitational attraction is negligible in
nature.
equilibrium condition, pressure is same at all
points in a liquid.
• If an external pressure is applied to an enclosed Factors affecting the value of g:
fluid, it is transmitted undiminished to every • Shape of Earth: The shape of Earth affects the
direction. value of acceleration due to gravity. Therefore,
the value of g is maximum at poles and minimum
Effect of pressure on Melting Point and Boiling
at the equator.
Point
• Rotation of Earth on its axis: The value of g
(i) The melting point of substances which expands decreases if angular speed of Earth increases
on fusion increases with the increase in pressure. and vice-versa.
Example: Wax. • Effects of Altitude: The value of g decreases
(ii) The melting point of substances which contracts with the increase in height.
on fusion decreases with the increase in pressure. • Effects of depth: The value of g decreases with
Example: Ice. depth and become zero at the centre of the earth.
 Science & Technology 3
• When light falls on the surface of an object it can
Do You Know?
be absorbed, transmitted or reflected.
The Centre of Gravity of a body is that point at n Absorption of light: The absorption process
which whole weight of the body appears to said to occur when an object absorbs all or
concentrated. some fraction of the light falling on it. If an
object absorb all light falling on it, will appear
Mass and Weight perfectly black. For example: a blackboard.
n Transmission of light: The transmission
• The mass of a body is the quantity of matter process said to occur when an object
contains in it. Mass is a scalar quantity and its transmits light i.e. it allows light to pass
S.I. unit is kg. Mass of a body does not change through itself and such objects will appear
from place to place. transparent. For example : a glass jar.
• The weight of the body is the force with which it is n Reflection of light: The reflection process
attracted towards the centre of the earth. Weight said to occur when an object sends back
of the body is a vector quantity and its unit is light rays falling on its surface. In other
Newton. The weight of the body is a variable words, when a ray of light falls on a boundary
quantity and it changes from place to place. separating two media comes back into the
w = mg same media, then this phenomenon is called
the reflection of light. For example : a mirror.
Cases: Weight of a body in a lift:
• When the lift is at rest or in uniform motion then
Laws of Reflection of light
the apparent weight is equal to the real weight of
the body. i.e. w = mg. There are two fundamental laws of reflection of light:
• When the lift is accelerating upward then (i) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
apparent weight is greater than the real weight of reflection.
the body. i.e. w = m(g + a) (ii) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal
• When the lift is accelerating downward then the to the mirror at the point of incidence all lie in the
apparent weight of the body is less than the real same plane.
weight of the body. i.e. w = m(g – a). Do You Know?
• When lift is falling freely under gravity the
apparent weight of the body is zero. i.e. Due to refraction from Earth’s atmosphere, the
stars appear to twinkle.
w = m(g – g) = 0 [As a =g]
Note: The weight of the body on the moon is lesser
than that of on the earth as the acceleration due to Laws of Refraction of Light
gravity at the moon is less than the acceleration due There are two laws of refraction:
to gravity on earth. The value of g on Earth is 6 times (i) The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal
than that of on the moon. at the point of incidence all three lie in the same
plane.
(ii) The ratio of sine angle of incidence to the sine
OPTICS angle of refraction remains constant for a pair of
media i.e.
Sin i /Sin r = µ2/µ1 = constant, this law is known as
Light Snell’s law.
• Light is a form of energy, which is propagated Where µ1 and µ2 are refractive indices of two different
as an electromagnetic wave. It is the radiation mediums.
which makes our eyes able to see the object. Applications of Refraction
• Since, electromagnetic waves are transverse, hence There are various applications of refraction process.
light energy is also represents transverse wave. Some of them are:
• The light energy emitted from the sun takes • When light travels through a denser medium
8 minute 19 second to reach on the earth. The towards a rarer medium it deviates away from the
speed of light is 3 × 108 m/s. normal, therefore a pond appears shallower.
4 Bihar Public Service Commission | Assistant Engineer Examination

• A coin appears at lesser depth in water. 2. Convex mirror: The image formed by a convex
• Writing on a paper appears lifted when a glass mirror is always virtual, erect and diminished.
slab is placed over the paper. Uses of Convex Mirror
• As a rear view mirror in the vehicle because it
Critical Angle provides the maximum rear field of view and
The angle of incidence in a denser medium for which image formed is always erect.
the angle of refraction in rarer medium becomes 90°, • In sodium reflector lamp.
is called the critical angle.
Basic Terms related to Spherical Mirrors
Total Internal Reflection 1. Centre of Curvature (c): The centre of the
• When a light ray travelling from a denser medium hollow glass sphere of which the mirror is a part,
to the rarer medium, at the interface if the angle is known as centre of curvature.
of incidence becomes greater than critical angle, 2. The radius of Curvature (R): The radius hollow
then light rays reflected back into the denser sphere of which the mirror is a part, is known as
medium. This phenomenon is known as total radius of curvature
internal reflection. 3. Pole (P): The mid-point of a spherical mirror is
• The examples of total internal reflection are called pole.
sparkling of diamond, mirage, shinning of the air 4. Focus (F): When a parallel beam of light rays
bubble in water, Optical fibre, etc. is incident on a spherical mirror then after
reflection it meets or appears to meet at a
Mirror point on the principal axis, called focus of the
spherical mirror.
Spherical Mirror 5. Focal length (f): It is the distance from the pole
It is a type of mirror which has the shape of a piece of mirror to its focus.
cut-out of a spherical surface. Focal length= R/2, where R is radius of curvature.
There are mainly two type of spherical mirrors:
6. Principal axis: The Principal axis of a spherical
1. Concave mirror: The image formed by a
mirror is the straight line passing through the
concave mirror is generally real and inverted.
centre of curvature and pole of a spherical
Uses of Concave Mirror mirror, produced on both the sides.
• As a shaving mirror
7. Aperture: The portion of the mirror from which
• As a reflector for the headlights of a vehicle,
the reflection of light actually takes place is
searchlight, etc.
called the aperture of the mirror, it is also called
• In ophthalmoscope to examine the eye, ear,
linear aperture of the mirror.
nose by doctors. In solar cookers, etc.

Images formation by a Concave Mirror

Position of object Position of image Size of image with Nature of image

comparison to object
At infinity (∞) At focus Very small Real and inverted
Between centre of Between focus and Small Real and inverted
curvature and infinity centre of curvature
At centre of curvature At centre of curvature Equal in length Real and inverted
Between focus and Between centre of Large Real and inverted
centre of curvature curvature and infinity
At focus At infinity (∞) Very large Real and inverted
Between pole and focus Behind the mirror Large Virtual and erected
 Science & Technology 5
Images formation by a Convex Mirror

Position of object Position of image Size of image with Nature of

comparison to object image
At infinity (∞) At focus Very small Virtual and Erect
Anywhere except infinity Between focus and Pole Small Virtual and Erect
(∞)

Lenses Prism
• A lens is a uniform refracting medium bounded Prism is a uniform transparent refracting medium
by two spherical surface or one plane surface. bounded by plane surfaces inclined at some angles
• Lenses are of two types: forming a triangular shape.
(i) Convex lens: A convex lens is converging
lens. When parallel rays of lights pass through Dispersion of light
a convex lens, the refracted rays converge at • When a light is incident on a glass prism, it
one point call the principal focus. disperses into its seven colour components in
the following sequence VIBGYOR, and this is
known as the dispersion of white light.
• The refractive index of glass is maximum for
violet colour and minimum for the red colour of
light, therefore the violet colour of light deviated
maximum and red colour of light deviated least.

MOTION

(ii) Concave lens: A concave lens is diverging

lens. The rays of light that pass through the
Basics of Motion
lens are spread out (they diverge). The image Scalar Quantities
formed is virtual and diminished. Physical quantities which have magnitude only and
no direction are called scalar quantities.
Examples: Mass, speed, volume, work, time, power,
energy, etc.

Vector Quantities
Physical quantities which have magnitude and
direction both and which obey triangle law are called
vector quantities.
Examples: Displacement, velocity, acceleration,
force, momentum, torque, etc.

Tensor Quantities
Magnification of lens Physical quantities that vary in two different directions
It is the ratio of height of image to height of object. are properly described as tensors.
Examples: Moment of inertia, pressure, refractive
index, and stress.
6 Bihar Public Service Commission | Assistant Engineer Examination

• If the velocity of a body is V1 and velocity of other

Do You Know?
body is V2, then relative velocity is
Electric current, though has a direction, is a scalar = V1 + V2, if two bodies travel in opposite direction.
quantity because it does not obey triangle law. =V1 – V2, if two bodies travel in the same direction.

Distance Acceleration
Distance is the actual path travelled by a body in a Acceleration of an object is defined as the rate of
given period of time. change of velocity of the object. It is a vector quantity
and its SI unit is meter/second2 (m/s2).
Displacement Some related equations of acceleration are
Displacement is the change in the position of the
object in a given period of time. In other words, it is v = u + at
the shortest distance. S = ut + ½ at2
v2 = u2+2as
Basic difference between Distance and
Displacement Where, v is final velocity, u is initial velocity, t is a time
Distance Displacement interval, a is acceleration and s is the distance travel.

It is a scalar quantity. It is a vector quantity. Retardation

If velocity decreases with time then the acceleration
Distance is always Displacement may be is considered as negative and it is called retardation.
positive. positive, negative or zero.
Constant Acceleration
If acceleration does not change with time then it is
Speed called constant acceleration.
The distance travelled by the moving object in unit
time interval is called speed. Circular Motion
Speed = Distance/ Time
• The motion of an object along a circular path is
• It is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is meter/
called circular motion.
second (m/s).
• If the object moves with uniform speed, its motion
• The speed of an object at any instant is called
is uniform circular motion.
instantaneous speed.
• Uniform circular motion is an accelerated motion
• An object is said to be travelled with non-uniform
because the direction of the velocity changes
speed if it covers the unequal distance in equal
continuously.
interval of time.

Angular Displacement
Velocity
The angle subtended at the center of a circle by a
The velocity of a moving object is defined as the
body moving along the circumference of the circle
displacement of the object in unit time interval.
is called angular displacement of the body. Its unit
Velocity = Displacement/ Time
is radian.
• It is a vector quantity and its SI unit is meter/ Angular displacement = Length of arc/ R
 adius of the
second. circle
• If a body goes equal displacement in equal
interval of time then it is called uniform velocity. Angular Velocity
• If a body undergoes unequal displacement in
The time rate of change of angular displacement is
equal interval of time then it is called variable
called angular velocity. It is generally denoted by w.
velocity.
θ
Relative Velocity ω=
t
It is the velocity of a body with respect to another
which is considered as being at rest. Where q = position angle, t = time
 Science & Technology 7
Force Newton’s Third Law
• Force is that external cause which when acts on It states that “To every action, there is an equal and
a body change or tries to change the initial state opposite reaction”.
of the body. The SI unit of force is Newton (N). Examples: (i) Recoil of a gun, (ii) Motion of rocket.
• A body is said to be in equilibrium if the sum of all (iii) While drawing water from the well, if the string
the forces acts on the body is zero. breaks up, the drawing water falls back.

Do You Know? Centripetal Force

The nuclear force is the strongest force. • When a body is in a circular motion, a force
always acts on the body towards the centre of
the circular path, this force is called centripetal
Momentum
force.
• Momentum is the property of a moving body and • If a body of mass m is moving on a circular path
is defined as the product of mass and velocity of of radius r with uniform speed v, then the required
the body. Centripetal force, F = mv2 /r
Momentum = mass × velocity.
• Momentum is a vector quantity. Its SI unit is kg-m/s. Centrifugal Force
Centrifugal force is equal and opposite of Centripetal
Newton’s Laws of Motion force.
Applications of Centripetal and Centrifugal
Newton’s First Law
forces
It states that “If no external force acts on a body then
it remains in the same state of rest or motion that is in (i) The gravitational force of attraction between
its present state”. earth and sun acts as centripetal force.
(ii) Orbital motion of electrons around the nucleus.
Inertia: Inertia is the property of a body by virtue of
which it opposes any change in its state of rest or of (iii) Roads are banked at turns to provide required
uniform motion. centripetal force for taking a turn.

Examples of inertia are: (iv) The cream is separated from milk when it is
rotated in a vessel about the same axis.
(i) When a bus or train at rest starts to move
suddenly the passengers sitting in it feels a jerk (v) Cyclist inclined itself from vertical to obtain
in backward direction due to the inertia of rest. required centripetal force.
(ii) Dust particle comes out of a carpet if we beat it Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum
with the stick. If no external force acts on a system of bodies,
(iii) A passenger jumping out of a train is advised the total linear momentum remains constant. As a
to jump in the direction of the bus and ran for a consequence, the total momentum of bodies before
short distance. and after collision remains the same.
(iv) When a running bus or train stops suddenly, Examples: As in case of the rocket, ejecting gas
the passengers sitting in it jerk in the forward exerts a forward force which helps in accelerating
direction due to the inertia of motion. the rocket in the forward direction.

Newton’s Second Law Impulse

It states that “The rate of change in momentum of • When a large force acts on a body for a very
a body is directly proportional to the applied force small interval of time, then this type of force is
on the body and takes place in the direction of the called impulsive force.
force”. Impulse = Force × time = change in momentum
F = ma
• It is a vector quantity and its direction is in the
Where F is the force applied, m is mass of the body direction of the force. The SI unit of impulse is
and a is the acceleration. Newton-second (N-s).
8 Bihar Public Service Commission | Assistant Engineer Examination

Friction Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Earlier,

Pluto was considered as a planet but now it is in the
It is the force which acts on a body when two bodies
category of dwarf planet.
are in contact and one tries to move over other.
Types of Friction Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
The major types of friction are:
1. Static Friction: It is the opposing force which There are three laws given by Kepler:
acts on acts on a body when it tries to move over 1. All planets revolve around the sun in elliptical
the other but actual motion has yet not started. orbits with the sun at its one focus.
2. Limiting Friction: It is the force that comes to
2. The real speed of planet around the sun is
play when a body is on the verge of moving over
constant.
the other body.
3. Kinetic Friction: It is the opposing force that 3. The square of the time period of revolution of a
comes to play when one body actually moves planet around the sun is directly proportional to
over the surface of another body. the cube of the semi-major axis of its elliptical
Kinetic friction is of two types: orbit.
(i) Sliding Friction: When a body slides over
Satellite:
the surface of other.
(ii) Rolling Friction: When a body rolls over the A heavenly body revolving around a planet in an
surface of another body. orbit is called a satellite.
There are two types of satellites:
Do You Know?
1. Natural satellites: Moon is the natural satellite of
It is easier to roll a body than to slide because the the earth.
sliding friction is greater than the rolling friction.
2. Artificial satellites: These satellites are man-
Therefore, driving a bicycle is easier when its
made. They can be further divided into:
tyres are fully inflated because it decreases rolling
I. Geosynchronous Satellite:
friction.
n A geosynchronous satellite is a satellite
Applications of Friction in geosynchronous orbit, with an orbital
There are many day-to-day applications of friction. period the same as the Earth’s rotation
Some of them are: period.
(i) A ball bearing is used to reduce the rotational Examples: The geostationary satellite
friction. which has a geostationary orbit ( a circular
(ii) Friction is necessary for walking and to apply geosynchronous orbit directly above the
breaks in vehicles. Earth’s equator).
(iii) When a pedal is applied to a bicycle, the force They revolve around the earth at the height
n

of friction on the rear wheel is in the forward of 36000 km.

direction and on front wheel it is in the backward  n Their period of rotation is same as the
direction. earth’s time period of rotation around its
(iv) Friction can be reduced by applying the polishing own axis i.e. 24 hours.
or applying any lubricants. n These satellites appear to be stationary.
n  The geostationary satellite is used
to telecast TV programmes, weather
PLANETS forecasting, in predictions of floods and
droughts.
II. Polar Satellite:
Planet n These satellites revolve around the earth
Planets are the heavenly bodies which revolve around in polar orbits at a height of around 800 km.
the sun in a specific orbit or path. Our solar system n  The time period of rotation of these
contains eight planets namely Mercury, Venus, Earth, satellites is around 84 minutes.
 Chapter-1 • Physics

Practice uestions
for BPSC Assistant Engineer Examination

Q.1 A liquid is kept in a regular cylindrical vessel (d) 1 metre from an equal and a similar pole
up to a certain height. If this vessel is replaced repels it with a force of 1 newton/m2
by another cylindrical vessel having half
Q.6 Which one of the following phenomena is
the area of cross-section of the bottom, the
associated with the fire flies giving cold light
pressure on the bottom will
in night?
(a) Remain unaffected
(a) Fluorescence
(b) Be reduced to half the earlier pressure
(b) Phosphorescence
(c) Be increase to twice the earlier pressure
(c) Chemiluminescence
(d) Be reduced to one-fourth the earlier
(d) Effervescence
pressure
Q.7 When a ball drops onto the floor it bounces
Q.2 In SONAR, we use
back. Why does it bounce?
(a) Ultrasonic waves
(a) The floor is perfectly fluid
(b) Infrasonic waves
(b) The floor heats up on impact
(c) Radio waves
(c) Newton’s third law implies that for every
(d) Audible sound waves
action (drop), there is a reaction (bounce)
Q.3 Which one of the following reactions is the (d) The floor exerts a force on the ball during
main cause of the energy radiation from the the impact
Sun?
Q.8 When you pull out the plug connected to an
(a) Fusion reaction
electric appliance, you will often observe a
(b) Fission reaction
spark. To which property of the appliance is
(c) Chemical reaction
this related?
(d) Diffusion reaction
(a) Resistance (b) Inductance
Q.4 Two identical piano wires have same (c) Capacitance (d) Wattage
fundamental frequency when kept under the
Q.9 In scuba diving, while ascending towards the
same tension. What will happen if tension of
water surface, there is a danger of bursting
one of the wire is slightly increased and both
the lungs. It is because
the wire are made to vibrate simultaneously?
(a) Graham’s law of diffusion
(a) Noise (b) Beats
(b) Archimedes’ principle
(c) Resonance (d) Non-linear effects
(c) Boyle’s law
Q.5 Which one among the following correctly (d) Henry’s law
defines a unit magnetic pole in SI units?
Q.10 The most familiar form of radiant energy
It is the pole which when placed in air at a
in sunlight that cause tanning and has the
distance of
potential for casing melanoma in humans is
(a) 1 foot from an equal and a similar pole
called
repels it with a force of 1 pound
(a) Infra-red radiation
(b) 1 metre from an equal and similar pole
(b) Visible radiation
repels it with a force of 1 newton
(c) Ultra-violet radiation
(c) 1 cm from an equal and a similar pole
(d) Microwave radiation
repels it with a force of 1 dyne
 Science & Technology 25
Q.62 Which of the following is a ferromagnetic (a) Gravitational force
material? (b) Electromagnetic force
(a) Nickel (b) Quartz (c) Nuclear force
(c) Bismuth (d) Aluminium (d) Electrostatic force
Q.63 A galvanometer is converted into ammeter Q.68 Which one of the following remains constant
when we connect while throwing the ball upward?
(a) high resistance in series (a) Force (b) Kinetic energy
(b) high resistance in parallel (c) Acceleration (d) Velocity
(c) low resistance in series
(d) low resistance in parallel Q.69 The velocity of the sound is greatest in
(a) water (b) air
Q.64 A table cloth can be pulled from a table without
(c) vacuum (d) metal
dislodging the dishes. It is because of
(a) Graham’s law of diffusion Q.70 If we move from equator to pole, the value of
(b) Archimedes principle ‘g’
(c) Newton’s first law (a) increases
(d) Newton’s second law (b) decreases
Q.65 In a nuclear reaction, which one of the (c) remains same
following is conserved? (d) first increases and then decreases
(a) Atomic number Q.71 Which one of the following matter form the
(b) Mass number core of transformer?
(c) Atomic number, mass number and energy (a) Steel (b) Soft iron
(d) None of the above (c) Tin (d) Aluminium
Q.66 Which one of the following has given the Q.72 When the matter is cooled to very low
centripetal force for a car moving on a road? temperature, it will form
(a) Force of breaks
(a) semi-conductor (b) super-conductor
(b) The driver of the car
(c) insulator (d) capacitor
(c) Force by the steering wheel
(d) Friction due to tyres Q.73 Which one of the following will have the
maximum cohesive force?
Q.67 Which one of the following is the weakest
(a) Liquid (b) Gas
force?
(c) Fluid (d) Solid

Chapter 1 | Physics nswer Key

Bihar Public Service Commission | Assistant Engineer Examination

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (c)

10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (b)

19. (b) 20. (c) 21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (a)

28. (b) 29. (d) 30. (b) 31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36. (a)

37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (c) 41. (b) 42. (a) 43. (b) 44. (d) 45. (c)

46. (b) 47. (c) 48. (c) 49. (c) 50. (d) 51. (b) 52. (d) 53. (c) 54. (a)

55. (c) 56. (b) 57. (b) 58. (d) 59. (a) 60. (b) 61. (b) 62. (a) 63. (d)

64. (c) 65. (c) 66. (d) 67. (a) 68. (c) 69. (d) 70. (a) 71. (b) 72. (b)

73. (d)