CHAPTER 10: Wave Optics

SECTION A (6) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the

1, A telescope with objective of diameter 2.5 m is correct explanation of A.
used to observe a star. Taking wavelength of (c) A is false and R is also false.
light received to be 6000 ¢, the limit of (d) A is false but R is true.
resolution of the telescope will be:
(a) 1.7 x 10 radian (6) 1.2 x 10 radian 6. Assertion (A): The phenomenon of diffraction
is common in sound but not so in light waves.
(c) 3.3 x 10* radian (d) 2.9 x 10- radian
Reason (R): The wavelength of sound is
2. Two points P and P are 1 m apart on smaller than that of light.
wavefront. Given the wavelength of light is 7. Assertion (A): The resolving power of a
5000 ¢. The phase different between P, and P
is: telescope depends only on aperture of the
(a) 0 (6) 5 x 10-7 objective.
(c) 2x 106 (d) n Reason (R): The resolving power of telescope
is inversely proportional to the aperture of the
3. Huygen's wave theory of light fails to explain objective.
the phenomenon of:
(a) Interference
(6) Diffraction
SECTIONB
(c) Photoelectric effect 8. Light of wavelength 5000 ¢falls on a plane
(d) Refraction reflecting surface. What are the wavelength
4. Apoint source of light is placed at the principal and frequency of the reflected light? For what
focus of a concave mirror. The reflected
angle of incidence is the reflected ray normal
to the incident ray?
wavefront is:
(a) plane OR
6) spherical converging Laser light of wavelength 630 nm incident on
(c) spherical diverging a pair of slits produces an interference pattern
d) cylindrical in which the neighbouring bright fringes are
5. The correct conditions for a maxima in separated by 7.2 mm. Calculate the wavelength
interference pattern in terms of path difference of another source of laser light which produces
(Ap) and phase difference (A0) are: interference fringes separated by 8.1 mm using
the samne pair of slits.
(a) Ap = (2n + 1);;A = n.2r 9. Apair of narrow closely spaced slits S, and S,
(6) Ap = nâ; AÙ = n.2r are illuminated by monochromatic light of
(c) Ap = nh; AÙ = (2n + 1) T wavelength 'N from an intense narrow source
S. The light from the slits is made to fall on a
(d) Ap = (2n - 1) A = (2n - 1) screen at a large distance from the plane of
where n is an integer and à is the wavelength the slits S, and S,:
of light used. Represent graphically the variation of intensity
INSTRUCTIONS FOR Q,6-Q.7 of light observed on the screen versus distance
from the point of symmetry of the pattern.
Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion One of the two slits is now covered. Draw the
(A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the
correct answer to these questions from the codes new intensity distribution curve for the pattern
(a), (6), (c) and (d) as given below. obtained.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct Give one point of difference between the two
explanation of A. patterns formed.
 How will the fringe width change in
OR the following cases: each
(a) the wavelength of light used is
For a single slit of width 'a' the first minimum
of the interference pattern of Amonochromatie
5000 A
(b) the separation between the slits is
changed
light of wavelength occurs at an angle of to d/ 2?
(c) the 8creen is moved to a
distance 2
change
At the sAme Angle of we get a maximum light of wavelength 6000 A is used) Dand
for two narrow slits separated by a distance SECTION D
o'. Explain. 14. CASE STUDY
10. Yellow light (à 6000 ¢) illuminates a single Read the following paragraph and
slit of width 1 x 10 m. Caleulate the distance
between two dark lines on either side of the
the questions: angwer
central maximum when the difraction pattern
is observed on a screen kept 1.5 m away from
the slit.
11. A plane wavefront is incident on:
() aglass prism 1111 Slit
(ü) a concave lens.
Draw the shape of the emergent wavefront in Acompact disc
the two cases. State the principle used. Incoming white light appearsseento bein
Viewing screen
wave
(a) coloured
(b)
SECTION C
Nature of Light
12. Use Huygen's principle to verify the laws of The experiment set-up used above for studvine
refraction. nature of light produces a pattern on the screr
OR as shown. The light after passing through
narrow slit produces a central broad bright
In a double slit interference experiment, the maxima surrounded by dark and bright fringes
two coherent beams have slightly different The successive bright parts become narrower
intensities I and I+ &J (/ <<). Show that the and fainter.
resultant intensity at the maxima is nearly 4/ A compact disc seen in sunlight show:
while that at the minima is nearly (S attractive colourful patterns.
4I () Name the phenomenon causing the
13. State the importance of coherent sources in observations shown in the above figure
the phenomenon of interference. Which theory of light explain it?
(ü) Give an example of the phenomenon in
In Young's double slit experiment to produce nature.
interference pattern with monochromatic light,
obtain the conditions for constructive and (iüi) How does the linear width and angula
destructive interference. Hence deduce the width of the central maxima depend on
(a) the distance of the screen from the
expression for the fringe width.
slit?
How does fringe width get affected, if the entire
apparatus is immersed in water? (6) wavelength of light used. Justiy
your answer.
OR

Monochromatic light of wavelength 7500 is SECTIONE

used to produce interference fringes by means
of slits placed a distance 'd' apart. The fringe l5. (a) Describe briefly how a diffiraction pattern b
obtained on a screen due to a single narto
width an ascreen, a distance D' away from
the slits is measured to be B. slit illuminated by a monochromatic sourt
 oflight. Hence obtain the conditions for the
(c) What a tiny circular obstacle is placed in
angular position of secondary maxima and the path of light from a distant source, a
secondary minima. bright spot is seen at the centre of the
(6) Two wavelengths of sodium light of 590 nm shadow of the obstacle? Explain, why?
and 596 nm are used in turn to study the
(d) Two students are separated by a 7 m
diffraction taking place at a single slit of partition wall in a room 10 m high. If both
aperture 2x 10 m. The distance between light and sound waves can bend around
the slit and the screen is 1.5 m. Calculate obstacles, how is it that the students are
the distance between the positions of first unable to see each other even though they
maxima of the diffraction pattern obtained in can converse easily?
the twO cases.
(e) Ray optics is based on the assumption that
OR light travels in a straight line. Diffraction
effects (observed when light propagates
Answer the following questions: through small apertures/slits or around
(a) In a single slit diffraction experiment, the small obstacles) disprove this assumption.
width of the slit is made double the original Yet the ray optics assumption is so
width. How does this affect the size and commonly used in understanding location
intensity of the central diffraction band? and several other properties of images in
(6) In what way is diffraction from each slit optical instruments. What is the justification?
related to the interference pattern in a
double-slit experiment?