PASSIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE 1. Tüm Seçenekler Pasif

Ön Bilgi
ÖRNEK
Genellikle tense ve modals sorularının içinde 2 boşluklu
olarak verilir. Theoretically same sex siblings ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ with the same selection of
chromosomes, but the odds of this happening ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ about 70 trillion.
Tek başına cloze test bölümünde de ölçülebilir.

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A) could be created / would be
Bazı sorularda tüm seçenekler pasif olabilir.
B) are created / had to be
Bazı sorularda ise aktif ile pasif seçeneklerde karışık olarak C) had been created / may be
karşımıza çıkabilir. D) were created / should be
İki durumda da avantajlıyız. �� E) have to be created / must be

Tense (™ )
Pasif (™ )
Modals (™ )

2. Seçenekler Karışık (Aktif / Pasif) GENEL PASİF MANTIĞI

ÖRNEK
Simple Tenses Continuous Tenses Perfect Tenses
Scientists ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ the rivers and floods of ice at the Antarctic,
¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ a fascinating picture of a continent.
be V3 being V3 been V3
ingilizce

A) mapped / having been painted

B) are mapping / painted
C) have mapped / painting
D) will be mapping / having painted
E) had mapped / being painted

Tense (™ )
Gerunds & Infinitives & Kısaltma ( ™ )
Pasif ( ™ )

GENEL PASİF MANTIĞI GENEL PASİF MANTIĞI

SIMPLE TENSES (BE V3) CONTINUOUS TENSES (BEING V3)
Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous

The manager writes The manager wrote The manager will The manager is The manager was
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an email every day. an email yesterday. write an email writing an email writing an email.
An email is written An email was written tomorrow. now. An email was being X
by the manager by the manager An email will be An email is being written by the
every day. yesterday. written by the written by the manager.
manager tomorrow. manager now.

am / is / are V3 was / were V3 will be V3 am / is / are being V3 was / were being V3 X

GENEL PASİF MANTIĞI PASİF MODAL

AKTİF PASİF

PERFECT TENSES (BEEN V3) The manager may write an email. An email may be written by the manager.
An email had better be written by the
The manager had better write an
manager.
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect email.
An email must be written by the
PRESENT The manager must write an email. manager.
The manager has The manager had The manager will
ingilizce

The manager should write an email. An email should be written by the

manager.
written an email. written an email. have written an modal V0 modal be V3
An email has been An email had been email bytomorrow.
The manager may have written an An email may have been written by the
written by the written by the An email will have email. manager.
manager. manager. been written by The manager must have written an An email must have been written by
email. the manager.
the manager by PAST
The manager should have written an An email should have been written by
tomorrow. email. the manager.

modal have V3 modal have been V3

have / has been V3 had been V3 will have been V3

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 Aktif Cümlede: Pasif Cümlede: Aktif Cümlede: Pasif Cümlede:

İşi yapan vurgulanmaktadır. Yapılan iş, işi yapandan önemlidir. Özne işi yapandır. İşi yapan bilinmiyor olabilir.
(action > agent)
The Indonesian government Hooligans have vandalised all the All the public telephones have been
Pasif (edilgen) bir cümlede işi yapanı vandalised in the area. Police are
has provided special areas to public telephones in the area.
eklemek istersek ‘tarafından’ anlamına investigating the culprits.
protect the orang-utans. gelen ‘by’ edatını kullanırız.
Fiilden sonra nesne gelmektedir. Fiilden sonra nesne yoktur. Nesne sözde

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Forensic investigators must Special areas have been provided to özne olarak fiilin soluna geçer.
collect evidence while the crime protect the orang-utans. (by the The students must answer all
Indonesian government) All the questions must be answered by
scene is still fresh. the questions.
the students.
Evidence must be collected (by the People have used certain types Fiilden sonra edat ile devam etme olasılığı
forensic investigators) while the crime of fungi throughout history for
yüksektir.
scene is still fresh. Certain types of fungi have been used
a variety of beneficial purposes.
throughout history for a variety of
beneficial purposes.

DİKKAT
FİİL TÜRLERİ
Her gördüğümüz ‘by’ pasif yapan, ‘tarafından’ anlamına gelen ‘by’ değildir! Bir cümlenin pasif yapılabilmesi için o cümledeki fiilin geçişli
Sık sorulan ve popüler olan edatların başında gelen ‘by’ anlamca farklılık gösterebilir. (yani minimum bir nesne alan) bir fiil olması gerekmektedir.
by For payments made by cheques, a Fiiller, yanına nesne alıp almamasına göre 3’e ayrılır.
vasıta (:with the help of, via : aracılığıyla smartphone can be used.
by means of,through) by train, by bus, by air
ingilizce

yer
by the ocean /
: kenarında Why don’t you sit by the window to get Geçişsiz Tek Geçişli Çift Geçişli
by the window some fresh air?

By the 18th century, the accumulation of

: -e kadar, knowledge and technology had reached S V. S V O. S V O1 O2.
zaman by 1994 / by the 8th century
-den önce a critical mass that brought about the
Industrial Revolution.
be V3
tarafından being V3 BY + işi yapan : tarafından Our initially weak memories are maintained
(pasif) been V3 by the brain for a set period of time.

1. GEÇİŞSİZ FİİLLER SORU

Geçişsiz (S V.) Although a number of paradigms for distinguishing between

languages and dialects ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ , they ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
Fiile ‘neyi, kimi, neye, kime’ diye sorulduğunda bu sorulardan
contradictory results most of the time.
herhangi birine cevap gelmiyorsa, o fiil geçişsizdir.
A) existed / are rendered
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Geçişsiz fiiller (sleep, arrive, cry, live, exist, stay, land…) nesne
B) exist / render
almaz.
C) can exist / would render
Geçişsiz fiiller pasif çekimlenmez. D) have existed / have been rendered
I slept too late yesterday. E) will exist / should render
The guest speakers arrived early.
My mother cried like a baby when she heard the good news.

2. TEK GEÇİŞLİ FİİLLER 3. ÇİFT GEÇİŞLİ FİİLLER

Tek Geçişli (S V O.) Çift Geçişli (S V O1 O2.)

Fiile ‘neyi, kimi, neye, kime’ diye sorulduğunda bu sorulardan iki tanesine birden cevap
Fiile ‘neyi, kimi, neye, kime’ diye sorulduğunda bu sorulardan verir.
bir tanesine cevap verir. Bu fiiller çift nesne alır ve çift geçişli olarak adlandırılır.
(give, buy, offer, call, show, send, tell, pay, teach…)
Bu fiiller tek nesne alır ve tek geçişli olarak adlandırılır.
ingilizce

Çift geçişli fiiller cümlede aktif ve/ veya pasif çekimlenebilir.

Tek geçişli fiiller cümlede aktif ve/ veya pasif çekimlenebilir. People call New York "Concrete Jungle".
New York is called "Concrete Jungle".
The referee has cancelled the match due to the heavy
The company offered my father a huge salary to become the team manager.
rain.
The company offered a huge salary to my father to become the team manager.
The match has been cancelled (by the referee) due to the A huge salary was offered to my father to become the team manager.
heavy rain. My father was offered a huge salary to become the team manager.

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 KİLİT NOKTA SORU

PASİF sorularını yapabilmek için önce şıkta çekimlenen fiile bakmak Marshes ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ at the edges of lakes and streams,
ve geçişsiz, tek geçişli ya da çift geçişli olup olmadığının kararını
where they ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ a transition between the aquatic and
vermek gerekir.
terrestrial ecosystems.
Fiilin anlamını bilmiyorsak bile boşluktan (----) sonra nesne var
mı, yok mu? / varsa kaç nesne var, tek mi, çift mi? diye sormak A) have found / are formed

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gerekir. B) find / are forming
Tek geçişli fiillerde boşluktan sonra nesne yerinde duruyorsa aktif, C) should be found / would form
D) can be found / form
nesne yoksa, boşluğun soluna sözde özne olarak geçtiyse ve
E) are found / had been forming
genelde bir edat (to, by, with, as…) ile devam ediyorsa bu fiil pasif
çekimlenmelidir.

KİLİT NOKTA SORU

Sorunun şıklarındaki fiil çift geçişliyse ve boşluktan sonra:
The starving people ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ a week’s supply of rice and
2 nesne varsa aktif, 1 nesne varsa pasif çekimlemelere gidilmelidir.
wheat as soon as the food supplies ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ in the famine-
stricken area.
ÖRNEK SORU
A) had been given / arrived
ingilizce
The software company ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ Jack five hundred dollars in consulting
fees for a job he ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ last week. B) will be given / arrive

A) will be paid / has done C) gave / had arrived

B) has paid / would do D) would be given / has arrived
C) was paid / could do
E) has been given / arrive
D) paid / did
E) was going to pay / had done

CAUSATIVES
SORU
Ettirgen yapılar aktif ve pasif olmak üzere ikiye ayrılır.
The report published ten years after the event ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
that the economic crisis ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ by policy makers
Active Causative Passive Causative
beforehand.
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İşi yapan var İşi Yapan Yok

A) could reveal / will be foreseen Birine bir şey yaptırmak (İsimsiz Kahramanlar ☺)
Bir şey yaptırmak
B) can reveal / should have been foreseen Have somebody do something
C) reveals / must be foreseen Get somebody to do something Have something done

D) has revealed / needs to be foreseen Get something done

E) revealed / could have been foreseen

Passive Causatives Active Causatives

Have something done Have somebody do something
Get something done Get somebody to do something
İşi yapan yok (İsimsiz kahramanlar ☺) İşi yapan var
İşi yaptıran var
İşi yaptıran var
Bir şey yaptırmak
Birine bir şey yaptırmak
Birinin bizim için verdiği hizmetleri anlatırken kullanılır.
ingilizce

Hizmeti veren kişiyi (işi yapan) çok önemli olmadıkça belirtmeye gerek yoktur. ‘cause somebody to do something’ anlamı vardır.
Have ve get fiilleri, tenselere göre çekimlenebilirler. Bu yapıların yaygın olarak Cümledeki özne işi yaptıran, nesne de işi yapandır.
kullanıldığı tenseler:
Have somebody do something:
Present Continuous: My sister is getting/ having her hair washed right now as there is
a water outage in her place. The pharaoh had the slaves build the pyramid.
Past Simple: Last week, the famous singer had / got her photograph taken for her new I have my mother iron my clothes every Sunday.
album by a top fashion photographer.
My grandmother will have my sister wash the dishes after dinner.
 Active Causatives Active Causatives
let somebody do something: The teacher let the students go out.
Get somebody to do something:
make somebody do something: He made her type the letter.
I’m going to get a plumber to fix the leaking tap. help somebody do / to do something: Can you help me (to) carry
The teacher got her students to stay and study for the box?

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the exam after school. want somebody to do something: I want you to open your books.

The boss got his secretary to cancel the meeting. allow somebody to do something: My father allows me to go
abroad to study.
force somebody to do something: The police forced the man to
leave the room.

SORU SORU

The health and nutrition industry has long been obsessed with finding
Many adults drink some form of caffeine to ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
magical supplements, vitamins, and other items that ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
them ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ enough energy to function.
people ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ their best lives.

A) get / had A) are helped / living

ingilizce

B) make / to have B) can help / live

C) help / lived
C) help / have
D) may have helped / to live
D) have / to have
E) have helped / having lived
E) allow / to have had

SORU

Hydraulic fracturing is a technique that ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ energy

companies ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ huge volumes of oil and gas from
shale rock deep underground. ÖDÜLLÜ SORU
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A) lets / having extracted

?? ??
B) has / being extracted
C) gets / extract
D) makes / extracting
E) allows / to extract
ingilizce

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