UNIT 12: AN OVERCROWDED WORLD

A. LÝ THUYẾT:
I. TAG QUESTION (CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI)
1. Quy tắc chung:
- Câu nói và phần đuôi luôn ở dạng đối nhau
Câu nói khẳng định, đuôi phủ định?
Câu nói phủ định, đuôi khẳng định?
Ví dụ:
The children are playing in the yard, aren’t they?
They can’t swim, can they?
 Câu giới thiệu dùng “I am”, câu hỏi đuôi là “aren’t I”
Ví dụ:
I am a student, aren’t I?
 Câu giới thiệu dùng Let’s, câu hỏi đuôi là “Shall we”
Ví dụ:
Let’s go for a picnic, shall we?
 Chủ ngữ là những đại từ bất định “Everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody…” câu hỏi đuôi là
“they”
Ví dụ:
Somebody wanted a drink, didn’t they?
Nobody phoned, did they?
 Chủ ngữ là “nothing” thì câu hỏi đuôi dùng “it”. Và Nothing là chủ ngữ có nghĩa là mệnh đề giới
thiệu đang ở dạng phủ định, câu hỏi đuôi sẽ ở dạng khẳng định.
Ví dụ:
Nothing can happen, can it?
 Trong câu có các trạng từ phủ định và bán phủ định như: never, seldom, hardly, scarely, little… thì
câu đó được xem như là câu phủ định – phần hỏi đuôi sẽ ở dạng khẳng định
Ví dụ:
He seldom drinks wine, does he?
 Câu đầu có It seems that + mệnh đề, lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ:
It seems that you are right, aren’t you ?
 Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ, dùng “it” trong câu hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ:
What you have said is wrong, isn’t it ?
Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesn’t it ?
 Sau câu mệnh lệnh cách (Do…/Don’t do v.v… ), câu hỏi đuôi thường là … will you?:
Ví dụ:
Open the door, will you?
Don’t be late, will you?
 Câu đầu là I WISH, dùng MAY trong câu hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ:
I wish to study English, may I ?
 Câu đầu có MUST, must có nhiều cách dùng cho nên tùy theo cách dùng mà sẽ có câu hỏi đuôi khác
nhau
Must chỉ sự cần thiết: => dùng needn’t
Ví dụ:
They must study hard, needn’t they?
 Câu cảm han, lấy danh từ trong câu đổi thành đại từ, [ ] dùng is, am, are
Ví dụ:
What a beautiful dress, isn’t it?
How intelligent you are, aren’t you?
 Câu đầu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon,
expect, seem, feel + mệnh đề phụ, lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Ví dụ:
I think he will come here, won’t he?
I don’t believe Mary can do it, can she?
II. COMPARISONS OF QUANTIFIERS (SO SÁNH ĐỊNH LƯỢNG)

1. Công thức so sánh định lượng:

More
Noun
Subject + Fewer
Verb + + Noun + Than +
Pronoun
less

2. Cách dùng
 More : thêm,nữa, nhiều hơn
Ví dụ:
I have more books than she.
(Tôi có nhiều sách hơn cô ấy.)
 Less: ít hơn, kém hơn. ;less dùng với danh từ không đếm được.
Ví dụ:
Their job allows them less freedom than ours does.
(Công việc của họ làm họ có ít sự tự do hơn chúng tôi.)
 Fewer: ít hơn, kém hơn. Fewer được dùng với danh từ đếm được
Ví dụ:
February has fewer days than March.
(Tháng Hai có ít ngày hơn tháng Ba.)

B. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG:

Exercise 1. Fill the sentences with "more, less, fewer".
1. February has ___________________ days than January.
2. Overpopulation is causing ___________________ problems than we can imagine.
3. Big cities suffer ___________________ pollution than the countryside.
4. A teacher needs ___________________ calories than a farmer.
5. A healthy child requires ___________________ care than a sick one.

Exercise 2. Complete the interview with the words in the table.

Interviewer: Overcrowded places have a lot of problems, (1) ___________________?
Guest speaker: Sure. Traffic jams, pollution, noise …
Interviewer: Traffic jam is the most serious problem, (2) ___________________?
Guest speaker: Not really. We can see homeless people in many places in big cities, (3) ___________________?
The city cannot build enough houses for all of its people.
Interviewer: So they live wherever they can, under a bridge, in a deserted house...
Guest speaker: Yes, and some of them become criminals.
Interviewer: This shortage of accommodation is not easy to solve, (4) ___________________?
Guest speaker: No, it isn’t.

Exercise 3. Fill in each blank with the correct word: "more, fewer, less".
1. Susan has ___________________homework than Mary, so Mary has to work harder than Susan.
2. The new law limits smoking in public. There are ___________________ places where people can smoke.
3. This factory has ___________________ workers than that one, so it needs more.
4. There are ___________________ cars in the street at this time. The traffic is so heavy.
5. Class 7A has 40 students, and Class 7C has only 36 students. Class 7A has ___________________ students than
Class 7B.
6. ___________________ fruits are now in season in the south. There are plenty of fruits now.
7. Farmers have ___________________ time off than workers. Farmers work harder than workers.
8. The weather in winter is worse than that in summer. People get ___________________ cold in summer than in
winter.
9. I think we don’t have many public holidays. We ought to have ___________________.
10. We are lucky. We work ___________________ hours than any workers.

Exercise 4. Put a tag question at the end of the sentences.

1. In big cities, life can become very difficult and unpleasant, ___________________?
2. The world will soon become overpopulated, ___________________?
3. You haven’t gone to Rio de Janeiro, ___________________?
4. They didn’t like the film, ___________________?
5. Jeju island looks very peaceful, ___________________?
6. We don’t have to go yet, ___________________?
7. You don’t like pollution, ___________________?
8. I think a megacity is a very large city with big population, ___________________?
9. You won’t tell anyone, ___________________?
10. The number of English speakers is increasing very quickly, ___________________?

Exercise 5. Put a tag question at the end of the sentences.

1. You need an English – Vietnamese dictionary, ___________________?
2. You have never watched any films made in Bollywood, ___________________?
3. You’re waiting for your letter, ___________________?
4. We had a good time, ___________________?
5. Some people commit crime when they have no money and no food, ___________________?
6. You enjoy living in a peaceful neighbourhood, ___________________?
7. It’s hot today, ?
8. The factory will bring more jobs to local people, ___________________?
9. You forgot to bring your textbooks this morning, ___________________?
10. The idea can change the solution, ___________________?

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences with “less” or “fewer”.

1. There are ___________________windows in our classroom than in her one.
2. We need ___________________glue to fix this vase than to fix that vase.
3. There are ___________________restaurants in King street than in Queen street.
4. My father drinks ___________________water than my mother drinks every morning.
5. My mother has prepared ___________________bread than fruit.
6. I bought ___________________mineral water than fruit juice.
7. Lily does ___________________exercises than Peter.
8. Class 4A has ___________________ students than class 4B.
9. There is ___________________ beer than wine.
10. There are ___________________seats than the number of guests, so some guests will have to stand.

Exercise 7. Complete the sentences with “less” or “fewer”.

1. Have you got ___________________friends than me.
2. I bought ___________________milk than her.
3. Linda has got ___________________pets than her sister.
4. There is ___________________orange juice on the dining table than on the coffee table.
5. Tim eats ___________________cheese than his little sister.
6. We don’t have ___________________bread than Sarah.
7. My brother found ___________________money than me.
8. My sister has ___________________pens than my brother.
9. Do you have ___________________eggs than James?
10. There are ___________________students in the classroom than in the yard.

C. BÀI TẬP NÂNG CAO:

ANSWER KEY
B. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG:

Exercise 5. Put a tag question at the end of the sentences.

1;don’t you
2;haven’t you
3;aren’t you
4;didn’t we
5;don’t they
6;don’t you
7;isn’t it
8;won’t it
9;didn’t you
10;can’t it
Exercise 6. Complete the sentences with “less” or “fewer”.
1;fewer
2;less
3;fewer
4;less
5;less
6;less
7;fewer
8;fewer
9;less
10;fewer

Exercise 7. Complete the sentences with “less” or “fewer”.

1;fewer
2;less
3;fewer
4;less
5;less
6;less
7;less
8;fewer
9;fewer
10;fewer

C. BÀI TẬP NÂNG CAO: