Scribd
Upload
8 views

Cell-Division-Notes

Uploaded by

Christian Love Estorque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

Cell-Division-Notes

Uploaded by

Christian Love Estorque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

What is Cell Division?


 Cell division is the process by which a single cell divides into two or more new cells.
 It is essential for:
o Growth: Helps organisms grow larger.
o Repair: Replaces damaged or dead cells.
o Reproduction: Produces offspring (in both asexual and sexual reproduction).

Types of Cell Division


There are two main types of cell division: Mitosis and Meiosis.

Mitosis
 Definition: A type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.
 Purpose: For growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
Steps in Mitosis:
1. Prophase:
o Chromosomes become visible.
o Nuclear membrane starts to break down.
o Spindle fibers form.
2. Metaphase:
o Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
o Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
3. Anaphase:
o Chromatids (copies of chromosomes) are pulled apart to opposite sides of the
cell.
4. Telophase:
o Nuclear membranes reform around the two sets of chromosomes.
o The cell begins to split into two.
5. Cytokinesis:
o The cytoplasm divides, forming two identical daughter cells.
Key Points About Mitosis:
 Number of divisions: 1
 Number of cells produced: 2
 Genetic material: Identical to the parent cell.
Examples:
 Wound healing.
 Growth of a plant's roots.

Meiosis
 Definition: A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half,
producing four genetically unique cells.
 Purpose: For sexual reproduction (to produce gametes, e.g., sperm and egg cells).
Steps in Meiosis:
Meiosis occurs in two stages: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
Meiosis I:
1. Prophase I:
o Chromosomes pair up, and crossing over occurs (exchange of genetic material).
o Nuclear membrane breaks down.
2. Metaphase I:
o Homologous chromosome pairs line up in the center.
3. Anaphase I:
o Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
4. Telophase I and Cytokinesis:
o Two cells are formed, each with half the original chromosome number.
Meiosis II:
1. Prophase II:
o Chromosomes become visible again.
2. Metaphase II:
o Chromosomes line up in the center of each cell.
3. Anaphase II:
o Chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides.
4. Telophase II and Cytokinesis:
o Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed.
Key Points About Meiosis:
 Number of divisions: 2
 Number of cells produced: 4
 Genetic material: Unique (different from parent cell).
Examples:
 Production of sperm and egg cells in animals.
 Formation of pollen and ovules in plants.

Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis


Feature Mitosis Meiosis
Growth, repair, asexual Production of gametes (sexual
Purpose
reproduction reproduction)
Number of
1 2
Divisions
Cells Produced 2 identical cells 4 unique cells
Half the chromosomes of parent cell
Genetic Material Identical to parent cell
(haploid)
Where It Occurs All body cells (somatic cells) Reproductive organs (testes, ovaries)

Importance of Mitosis and Meiosis


 Mitosis: Maintains the genetic stability of organisms while allowing growth and tissue
repair.
 Meiosis: Increases genetic variation, which is important for evolution and survival of
species.

Guide Questions
1. What are the main purposes of mitosis and meiosis?
2. Why is genetic variation important, and how does meiosis contribute to it?
3. What happens during the metaphase stage of mitosis and meiosis?
4. List three key differences between mitosis and meiosis.
5. Why do body cells undergo mitosis while gametes undergo meiosis?
Diagrams for Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis Diagram

1. Title: "The Stages of Mitosis"


2. Simple Illustration Ideas:
o Prophase: Circular cell with visible chromosomes; spindle fibers
forming.
o Metaphase: Chromosomes aligned at the center, spindle fibers attached.
o Anaphase: Chromosomes pulled apart to opposite sides.
o Telophase and Cytokinesis: Two daughter cells with identical
chromosomes.

Meiosis Diagram
1. Title: "The Stages of Meiosis"
2. Simple Illustration Ideas:
o Meiosis I:
 Prophase I: Chromosomes pairing and crossing over.
 Metaphase I: Homologous chromosomes aligned in pairs at the
center.
 Anaphase I: Pairs being pulled apart.
o Meiosis II:
 Metaphase II: Single chromosomes aligned at the center.
 Anaphase II: Chromatids pulled to opposite sides.
o Result: Four unique haploid cells.

Activities for Grade 7 Learners

Activity 1: Label the Diagram

 Provide a blank version of the mitosis diagram.


 Ask students to label the stages and write a short description of what happens
in each stage.

Activity 2: Role-Playing Mitosis


 Assign roles (e.g., chromosomes, spindle fibers, cell membrane) to students
and let them act out each stage of mitosis.

Activity 3: Compare and Contrast

 Provide a Venn diagram template.


 Ask students to compare mitosis and meiosis by filling in similarities and
differences.

Activity 4: Crossword Puzzle

 Create a crossword with terms like "Prophase," "Chromosome," "Spindle


fiber," "Anaphase," etc., and their definitions as clues.

Activity 5: Art Project

 Ask students to create their own drawings of mitosis or meiosis and present
them to the class, explaining the stages.

You might also like