ADDITIONAL MATHS

CHAPTER 6

STRAIGHT LINE GRAPHS

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 1
1 Variables x and y are such that, when 4 y is plotted against , a straight line graph passing through the
x
points (0.5, 9) and (3, 34) is obtained. Find y as a function of x. [4]

4037/21/M/J/20/Q.1

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2 Solutions to this question by accurate drawing will not be accepted.

The points A and B are (4, 3) and (12, −7) respectively.

(a) Find the equation of the line L, the perpendicular bisector of the line AB. [4]

(b) The line parallel to AB which passes through the point (5, 12) intersects L at the point C. Find the
coordinates of C. [4]

4037/22/M/J/20/Q.5

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3 (a) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line joining the points (12, 1) and (4, 3),
giving your answer in the form y = mx + c. [5]

(b) The perpendicular bisector cuts the axes at points A and B. Find the length of AB. [3]

4037/22/O/N/20/Q.3
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4 Variables x and y are such that, when ln y is plotted against ln x, a straight line graph passing through
the points (6, 5) and (8, 9) is obtained. Show that y = e p x q where p and q are integers. [4]

4037/21/M/J/21/Q.2

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5 Variables x and y are such that when lg y is plotted against lg x a straight line passing through the points
(-1, -4) and (2, 11) is obtained. Show that y = ax n , where a and n are integers. [6]

4037/24/M/J/21/Q.3
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6 y
20

15

10

0 x
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6

(a) On the axes, draw the graphs of y = 5 + 3x - 2 and y = 11 - x . [4]

(b) Using the graphs, or otherwise, solve the inequality 11 - x 1 5 + 3x - 2 . [2]

4037/22/O/N/21/Q.1

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7 Variables x and y are such that when y is plotted against log 2 (x + 1), where x 2-1, a straight line is
obtained which passes through (2, 10.4) and (4, 15.4).

(a) Find y in terms of log2 (x + 1) . [4]

(b) Find the value of y when x = 15. [1]

4037/22/O/N/21/Q.8

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7 (c) Find the value of x when y = 25. [3]

4037/22/O/N/21/Q.8

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8 y

10

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x

-2

(a) On the axes draw the graphs of y = x - 5 and y = 6 - 2x - 7 . [4]

(b) Use your graphs to solve the inequality x - 5 2 6 - 2x - 7 . [2]

4037/23/O/N/21/Q.1

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9 Variables x and y are such that when 3 y is plotted against x 2, a straight line passing through the points
(9, 8) and (16, 1) is obtained. Find y as a function of x. [4]

4037/21/M/J/22/Q.3
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10 Variables x and y are such that when lg y is plotted against x a straight line passing through the points
x
(1, 5) and (2.5, 8) is obtained. Show that y = A # b where A and b are constants to be found. [4]

4037/21/M/J/23/Q.1

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11 Variables P and T are known to be connected by the relationship P = Ab T , where A and b are
constants. Values of P are found for certain values of time, T.

(a) Show that a graph of lg P against T will be a straight line. [2]

(b) lg P

12

10

T
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

The diagram shows the graph of lg P against T. The graph passes through (0, 6) and (14, 12).
Find the values of A and b. [4]

(c) Using the graph or otherwise, find the length of time for which P is between 100 million and
1000 million. [3]

4037/22/M/J/23/Q.5
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12 (a) A straight line passes through the points (4, 23) and (-8, 29). Find the point of intersection, P, of
this line with the line y = 2x + 5. [5]

(b) Find the distance of P from the origin. [2]

4037/22/O/N/23/Q.1
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13 It is known that y = A # 10 bx , where A and b are constants. When lg y is plotted against x 2 , a
2

straight line passing through the points (3.63, 5.25) and (4.83, 6.88) is obtained.

(a) Find the value of A and of b. [4]

Using your values of A and b, find

(b) the value of y when x = 2, [2]

(c) the positive value of x when y = 4. [2]

4037/13/O/N/20/Q.6

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14 Variables x and y are such that y = Ax b , where A and b are constants. When lg y is plotted against lg x,
a straight line graph passing through the points (0.61, 0.57) and (5.36, 4.37) is obtained.

(a) Find the value of A and of b. [5]

Using your values of A and b, find

(b) the value of y when x = 3, [2]

(c) the value of x when y = 3. [2]

4037/12/M/J/21/Q.8
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15 When e 2y is plotted against x 2 , a straight line graph passing through the points (4, 7.96) and (2, 3.76) is
obtained.

(a) Find y in terms of x. [5]

(b) Find y when x = 1. [2]

(c) Using your equation from part (a), find the positive values of x for which the straight line exists.
[3]

4037/13/O/N/21/Q.9
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16 Variables x and y are such that, when lg (2y + 1) is plotted against x 2 , a straight line graph passing
through the points (1, 1) and (2, 5) is obtained.

(a) Find y in terms of x. [4]

3
(b) Find the value of y when x = . [1]
2

(c) Find the value of x when y = 2. [2]

4037/12/M/J/22/Q.3
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17 The points P and Q have coordinates (5, -12) and (15, -6) respectively. The point R lies on the line l,
the perpendicular bisector of the line PQ. The x-coordinate of R is 7.

(a) Find the y-coordinate of R. [4]

(b) The point S lies on l such that its distance from PQ is 3 times the distance of R from PQ. Find the
coordinates of the two possible positions of S. [3]

4037/13/O/N/22/Q.13
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18 The points A and B have coordinates (2, 5) and (10, -15) respectively. The point P lies on the
perpendicular bisector of the line AB. The y-coordinate of P is -9.

(a) Find the x-coordinate of P. [5]

(b) The point R is the reflection of P in the line AB. Find the coordinates of R. [2]

4037/11/M/J/23/Q.3

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19 When ln (y + 2) is plotted against x 2 a straight line graph is obtained. The line passes through the points
(2.25, 9.37) and (4.75, 3.92). Find y in terms of x. [5]

4037/12/O/N/23/Q.3
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20 The perpendicular bisector of the line joining the points e-3, o and b6, - l passes through the
2
3
7
3
point (2, k). Find the value of k. [4]

4037/13/O/N/23/Q.2

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 ANSWERS
1 Valid method to find m M1
34 − 9
m= [ = 10] oe
3 − 0.5

Valid method to find c, e.g. M1

34 = their 10 × 3 + c

1 M1
4 y = ( their10 ) + their 4
x

4 A1
 10 
y =  + 4  oe, cao
 x 

2(a) Finds coordinates of mid-point B1

(8, –2)

3+ 7  5 B1
m AB =
4 − 12  = − 4  oe soi

−1 M1
mL = oe
−5
4

4 A1
y + 2 = ( x − 8) oe isw
5

2(b) 5 B1
y − 12 = − ( x − 5)
4

Attempts to solve their equations M1

(13, 2) A2 A1 for x = 13 or y = 2

3(a) 3 −1  1  B1
Gradient of line = − 
4 − 12  4 

Gradient of perpendicular = 4 M1 −1
their grad line

Mid-point is (8, 2) B1

y−2 M1 Using their perpendicular gradient and

Equation: =4 mid-point
x −8

y = 4x – 30 A1

3(b) x = 0 → (y) = –30 B1 F equation must have 3 terms

y = 0 → (x) = 7.5 B1 F equation must have 3 terms

AB = 30 2 + 7.52 = 30.9 or better B1 15 17

nfww Accept exact answer of
2
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 4 9−5 M1
m= oe
8−6

=9 their 2(8) + c oe M1
or 5 = their 2(6) + c

lny = 2lnx – 7 A1

Correct completion to answer: A1

2
y = eln x −7 = e −7 x 2 nfww

Alternative

lny = p + qlnx soi (B1)

9−5 (M1)
m= oe
8−6

=9 their 2(8) + c oe (M1)

or 5 = their 2(6) + c

y = e−7 x2 (A1)

5 11 − −4 M1 or − 4 = −m + c and 11 = 2m + c oe and
gradient = oe or 5 soi
2 − −1 subtracting/substituting to solve for m or
c,

condone one error

Y − 11 = their 5( X − 2) oe M1 or using their m or their c to find their c

or Y − −4 = their 5( X − −1) oe or their m, without further error
or 11 = 2 × their 5 + c oe
or −4 = −1× their 5 + c oe

lg y = 5lg x +1 oe A1
or lg y = 5 ( lg x − 2 ) + 11 oe
or lg y = 5 ( lg x − −1) − 4 oe

y = 105×lg x +1 oe A1 this first step in manipulating the

equation, or the second step, must be
or lg y = lg x5 + lg10 oe seen; only one step may be implied
 y 
or lg  5  = 1 oe
x 
5
y = 10lg x ×10[1] oe A1 this second step in manipulating the
equation, or the first step, must be seen;
or lg y = lg10 x5 oe only one step may be implied
y  y 
or 5
= 10[1] oe or lg  5  = lg10
x x 

y = 10 x5 A1 must be seen

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6(a) 4 M1 for ∨ shape of
y = 5 + 3x − 2 with vertex at
2 
 ,5 
3 

A1 for correct graph with

y-intercept ( 0, 7 )

M1 for correct straight line for

y = 11 − x

A1 for correct straight line with

y-intercept ( 0,11)

6(b) x > 2 or x < −2 B2 Mark final answer for B2

B1 FT for exactly two correct
critical values or correct FT
critical values soi, FT dependent
on at least M1 in (a)

7(a) 15.4 −10.4 M1

[Gradient =] oe soi
4−2

10.4 = their2.5 × 2 + c or 15.4 = their2.5 × 4 + c M1 F their gradient

or
y −10.4 y −15.4
= their 2.5 or = their 2.5
x−2 x−4

[Gradient = ] 2.5 soi and [intercept =] 5.4 soi A1

y = 2.5log 2 ( x + 1) + 5.4 oe isw A1

Alternative method

10.4 = 2m + c and 15.4 = 4m + c (M1)

and solving to find m or c

Use their m or c to find their c or m (M1)

m = 2.5 and c = 5.4 (A1)

y = 2.5log 2 ( x + 1) + 5.4 oe isw (A1)

7(b) 5929 B1
or 237.16
25

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7(c) 5 = their 2.5log 2 ( x + 1) + their 5.4 M1 their equation from (a) of
correct form with m ≠ 1 or 0, and
and rearrange to make log 2 ( x +1) the subject
c≠0

Condone any base

4 A1 Condone any base

− = log 2 ( x + 1) oe
25

x = −0.105 or −0.1049[74…] rot to 4 or more sf A1

8(a) 4 M1 for y = x − 5 :
∨ shape with vertex at (5, 0)

A1 Correct graph with y-intercept

at (0, 5)

M1 for y = 6 − 2 x − 7 :
∧ shape with vertex at (3.5, 6)

A1 Correct graph with y-intercept

at (0, −1)

8(b) x < 2 or x > 6 final answer B2 B for exactly two correct critical
values
or
B1 FT for exactly two correct FT
critical values soi, FT dependent on
at least M1 in (a)
If the CVs are decimal allow BOD
for reasonable values

9 Valid method to find m M1

8 1
m=   1
9  16

Valid method to find c e.g. M1 their m

1  their ( 1) 16  c

3 y  their (1)x 2  their17 A1 Equation with correct

variables and 3 y =

3 A1
y    x 2 17  oe, isw

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 10 lg y  2 x  3 B2  85 
B1 for lg y    x  c soi or
OR  2.5 1 
lgb = 2 and lgA = 3 lg y  m x  3 soi
OR
85
lgb = or lgA = 3 soi
2.5  1

y M1 their m and c
y  102 x 3
or lg
 2 x OR
103
b = 100 and A = 1000

y  103 100 x
oe mark final answer A1

11(a) lg P  lg A  T lg b oe nfww B2 Must be seen and not from wrong

working
and correct comparison with y = mx + c soi
B1 for lg P  lg A  T lg b isw, nfww

11(b) A = 106 oe isw and 4 B2 for A = 106 oe isw

3 or B1correct method which could be used
b = 10 oe isw
7
to find A e.g.
3
lgA = 6 or 12 = 14  lg A
7
3
B2 for b = 10 7 oe isw
or B1correct method which could be used
to find b e.g.
12  6
lgb = oe or 12 = 14lg b  6
14  0

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11(c) P1 = 8 and lg P2 = 9 soi M1 If graph not used then allow M1 for
substitution of their A and their b in the
leading to exponential equation as far as
108 109
T1 = 4.6 to 4.8  (theirb)T and  (theirb)T
theirA theirA
or T2 = 6.8 to 7.2
OR
substitution of their A and their b or
their lgA and their lg b in the log equation

lg108  their lg A  T (their lg b) or better

and
lg109  their lg A  T (their lg b) or better

Difference of correct times: M1

T2  T1 where T2 = 6.8 to 7.2
T1 = 4.6 to 4.8

Answer in range 2.2 to 2.4 nfww A1

Alternative method

98 (M2
(M2) for lg108 = 8 and lg109 = 9 and
Change in T =
3 Change in lg P 3

7 Change in T 7

Answer in range 2.2 to 2.4 nfww (A1)

12(a) 1 3 29 − 23 1
y = − x + 25 isw M1 for m = oe or −
2 −8 − 4 2
and
y − 23  1
M1 FT for = their  −  oe
x−4  2
or
( 2)
y = their − 1 x + c and 23 = − 1  4 + c oe
2

OR

M1 for solving
23 = 4m + c
29 = –8m + c
1
for m = − or c = 25
2
and
M1 FT for correctly using their m or their c
to find c or m

Solves their linear equation simultaneously M1 1

with y = 2x + 5 to find x or y FT their y = − x + 25 oe
2

(8, 21) A1

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12(b) 82 + 212 oe M1 FT their (8, 21)

505 isw or 22.5 A1

or 22.47[22…] rot to 2 or more dp

13(a) lg y = lg A + bx 2 B1 Stated or may be implied by later

work

If using lg y = lg A + bx 2 as a starting point M1 For correctly finding required

5.25 = lg A + 3.63b and 6.88 = lg A + 4.83b equation(s)
or 5.25 = lgA +1.358(3.63)
or 6.88 = lg A +1.358 ( 4.83)

OR

If finding the equation of the straight line and

then finding lg A and b by inspection
lg y − 6.88 = 1.358( x 2 − 4.83)
or lg y − 5.25 = 1.358( x 2 − 3.63)
or lg y = 1.358 x 2 + 0.31..(or 0.32..)

163 43 B1 Must be b = and from correct

b = 1.36, or 1 working
120 120

A in range 2.05 to 2.09 A1

13(b) lg y = 0.3132 + ( 4 × 1.36 ) M1 For lg y = ( their lg A ) + 4 ( their b )

y = 2.09 ×104×1.36 (
or y = ( their A ) 104(their b ) )
Allow 553 000 to 576 000 A1

13 (c)
(
4 = 2.09 101.36 x
2

) or lg 4 = 0.3132 + 1.36x 2 M1
(
4 = ( their A ) 10their bx
2

) or
lg 4 = ( their lg A ) + ( their b ) x 2

awrt 0.46 A1

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14(a) lg y = b lg x + lg A B1 May be implied by subsequent work

4.37 = 5.36b + lg A M1 For at least one correct equation

0.57 = 0.61b + lg A

b = 0.8 A1

lg A = k ( 0.082 ) M1 D for substitution to obtain lg A = k

A = 10 k and hence A

A = 1.21 A1

Alternative 1 (B1)

lg y = b lg x + lg A May be implied by subsequent work

4.37 − 0.57 (M1)

Gradient =
5.36 − 0.61

b = 0.8 (A1)

lg A = k ( 0.082 ) (M1) for substitution into a correct

equation to obtain lg A = k and hence A
A = 10 k

A = 1.21 (A1)

Alternative 2 (B1)

10 4.37 = A ×105.36b
or 100.57 = A ×100.61b

3.8 = 4.75b (M1) For eliminating A correctly

Must have B1.

b = 0.8 (A1)

A = 104.37 −( 5.36×(theirb) ) oe (M1) For a correct attempt to find A. Must

have B1

A = 1.21 (A1)

14(b) y = 1.21( 3 )
0.8
or lg y = 0.8lg 3 + 0.082 B1 for substitution into their equation

y = awrt 2.9 B1

14(c) 3 = 1.21x 0.8 or lg 3 = 0.8lg x + 0.082 B1 for substitution into their equation

x = awrt 3.1 B1

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15(a) e2 y = mx2 + c B1 May be implied by later work

Either M1
7.96 = 4m + c
3.76 = 2m + c

m = 2.1 oe A1

c = −0.44 oe A1

1 A1 Do not isw
y=
2
(
ln 2.1x 2 − 0.44 ) oe

Or (B1)
gradient = 2.1 oe

Use of either 7.96 = 4m + c (M1) For use with their m

or 3.76 = 2m + c

c = −0.44 oe (A1)

1 (A1) Must be bracketed correctly

y=
2
(
ln 2.1x 2 − 0.44 ) oe

15(b)
y=
1
(
ln their2.1x 2 − their 0.44 ) oe (
M1 Must use the form y = k ln px 2 ± q ) p ≠1
2
and q ≠ 0
or e 2 y = m x 2 + c

0.253 A1

15(c) their2.1x 2 − their0.44 > 0 or = 0 or ≥ 0 B1

soi

Correct attempt to obtain the critical value (

M1 Must be from the form y = k ln px 2 − q , )
using their2.1x 2 − 0.44 = 0
p ≠1and q > 0

22 A1
x > 0.458 or x > oe
105

16(a) Gradient = 4 soi B1

Intercept = 3 soi B1

lg  2 y  1  4 x 2  3 oe M1 For
 
lg  2 y  1  their m x 2  their c

104 x
2
A1
1
1
 
y  104 x 3  1 or y  1000
2
2

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 16(b) y=0 B1 Must have at least 3 marks from part
(a)

16(c)
2 
1 4 x 2 3
10 
 1 oe
M1 D on M mark in part (a) for use of
2 1
 2
y  2 in their y  104 x 3  1 ,
2

and attempt to obtain x = … 2
104 x
1
y  1000 or
2
lg  2 y  1  4 x 2  3 and attempt to
obtain
x=…

x =    0.962 or better A1

17(a) Midpoint (10, 9) B1

5 B1
Gradient of l = −
3

5 M1 Must be using their perpendicular

Equation of l: y + 9 = − ( x − 10) oe gradient and their mid-point
3

y = –4 A1

17(b) Attempt to use their R and displacement vectors or M1 May be implied by one correct
Pythagoras to find S coordinate

If Pythagoras is used:
M1 for an attempt to reach to a 3-
term quadratic with one variable
using their equation and their
midpoint from (a)
e.g. 34 x 2 − 680 x + 646 = 0

(1, 6) A1

(19, –24) A1

18(a) Mid-point (6, –5) B1

5 B1
Gradient of AB = 
2

2 M1 For their perp gradient

Perpendicular gradient
5

2 2 Dep M1 for attempt at the equation of

–9 + 5 = (x – 6) oe the perpendicular bisector with their
5
x = –4 mid-point and their perpendicular
gradient and use of y = –9

18(b) (16, –1) 2 B for each, FT on 12 – their a for the

x--coordinate
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 19 ln ( y + 2) = mx2 + c soi B1

Either of: 9.37 = 2.25m + c M1 For at least one correct equation

3.92 = 4.75m + c involving m and c

109 2 Dep M1 for attempt to solve for at least

m = −2.18, − oe one unknown.
50
571 A1 for both.
c = 14.3, 14.28, 14.275,
40

y=e
(14.3−2.18 x ) − 2 oe
2
A1 FT on the first M1 for their m and c

19 Alternative

ln ( y + 2) = mx2 + c soi (B1)

109 (B1)
Gradient = –2.18, − oe
50

9.37 = 2.25m + c (M1) Use of a correct equation with their

3.92 = 4.75m + c gradient and c

571 (A1)
c = 14.3, 14.28, 14.275,
40

y=e
(14.3−2.18 x ) − 2 oe
2
(A1) FT on their m and c

20 3 5 B1 Do not allow if unsimplified

Mid-point  , − 
2 6

1 B1 Allow unsimplified
Gradient = −
3

5  3 M1 For attempt at perpendicular bisector

k+ = 3   2 −  oe Must be with their perpendicular
6  2
gradient and their mid-point

2 A1
k=
3

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