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Lecture 3 - Introduction to Computer System

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21 views19 pages

Lecture 3 - Introduction to Computer System

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mmutlanenhlamulo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FOUNDATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CODE: FIT 1140

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140 1


INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
SYSTEM

LECTURER #3

2
OBJECTIVES

AFTER READING THIS CHAPTER, YOU SHOULD


UNDERSTAND:

COMPUTER SYSTEM
DIFFERENT KINDS OF COMPUTERS
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS
THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140 3


DEFINITION
A computer is an electronic device which is capable of receiving the inputs

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140


(data from the user), manipulating (or process) it according to the set of
instructions (called program), storing it for a desired period of time, and
producing the output to the user in desired form. It performs a variety of
operations in accordance to the set of instructions.

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HOW COMPUTER FUNCTIONS?

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140


DIFFERENT KINDS OF COMPUTERS

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140 6


Micro Computer

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Mainframe Computer
© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140 Supercomputer
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140 8


IDENTIFY THE VARIOUS TYPES OF
COMPUTER USERS
A COMPUTER USER IS A PERSON WHO USES A COMPUTER OR NETWORK SERVICE. USERS

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140


GENERALLY USE A SYSTEM OR A SOFTWARE PRODUCT WITHOUT THE TECHNICAL EXPERTISE
REQUIRED TO FULLY UNDERSTAND IT.

Computer users can be divided into five categories: home user, small office/home
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office users, mobile users, large business users, and power users.
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
The hardware components of a The software components of a computer
computer system are the electronic and system are the data and the computer
mechanical parts. programs

A computer is a complex system consisting of both


hardware and software components. 10

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140


HARDWARE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

HARDWARE ARE MADE UP OF A NUMBER OF PHYSICAL


COMPONENTS OF THE COMPUTER. THIS HARDWARE CONSIST OF
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INPUT DEVICES AND OUTPUT DEVICES
© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140
INPUT DEVICES EXAMPLES

An input device is any hardware component that allows a


user to enter data and instructions into the computer.

12

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140


OUTPUT DEVICES EXAMPLES
An output device is any hardware component that allows the
computer to give information back to the user.

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140 13


SYSTEM UNIT
The system unit, sometimes called the chassis, is a box-like case housing the
electronic components of a computer that are used to process data. System unit
components include the processor, memory module, cards, ports, and connectors.

14

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140


15

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140


© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140 16
THE FOUR STEPS OF A MACHINE CYCLE TO PROCESS
DATA
For every instruction, the control unit repeats a set of four basic

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140


operations called the machine cycle: (1) fetching the instruction or
data item from memory, (2) decoding the instruction into commands
the computer understands, (3) executing the commands, and, if
necessary, (4) storing, or writing the result to memory.

17
COMMUNICATION DEVICES
Communication devices are hardware components that enable
computers to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions and

© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140


information to and from one or more computers

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© Matsilele Osca, FIT1140 19

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