PCB 3063 Practice Exam 1-Answer Key

1. In eukaryotes, what distinguishes organelle DNA from the DNA found in the
nucleus? a. Circular DNA
b. Linear DNA
c. Linear mRNA
d. None of the above

2. What’s the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?

a. Cytokinesis is the division of the nucleus
b. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus
c. Mitosis is the division of the entire cell
d. There is no difference

3. True or False: DNA is always by itself in the eukaryotic genome.

a. True
b. False

4. At the end of mitosis and during G1 or Go phase, each chromosome consists of

how many DNA molecules?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
 (Module 1, Slide 4)

5. After the S-phase and during G2, each chromosome consists of how many DNA
molecules?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Chromosome:
• before DNA replication: a single molecule of DNA
• following DNA replication in preparation for cell division: chromosomes consist
of two sister chromatids, which contain identical DNA sequences

(Module 1, Slide 9)

6. True or False: Homologous chromosomes have the same length but a

different centromere location.
a. True
b. False

Homologous chromosomes are chromosomes with the same length and

centromere location.They contain the same linear sequence of loci but not
necessarily identical DNA sequences (some of their genesmay be allelic).

(Module 1, Slides 13,15)

7. Which of the following phases of mitosis does the diagram above indicate?
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase Homologous chromosomes do not pair at any time during mitosis,
line up individually
c. Metaphase I Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up in pairs
d. Metaphase II

(Module 1, Slide 28)

8. Which of the following phases of meiosis does the diagram above indicate?
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Metaphase I
d. Metaphase II

9. Which of the following best describes the pachytene substage of meiotic prophase
I? a. Exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes occurs
Pachytene
b. DNA partially condenses with the help of histone proteins Leptotene
c. The chiasmata becomes visible Diplotene
d. Synaptonemal complex begins to form Zygotene

(Module 1, Slide 32)

10. True or False: A dividing sex cell must have an even number of homologous haploid
sets to avoid meiotic failure.
a. True
b. False
 Seedless watermelons: occur if a tetraploid plant (4n, whichproduces 2n gametes)
is crossed with a diploid plant (2n,which produces n gametes) giving rise to
triploid (3n)plants. These hybrids are sterile and hence their fruitscontain no
seeds. (Module 1, Slide 46)

11. Why did Mendel choose the garden pea plant for the monohybrid cross experiments?
a. Easy to grow
b. Self-fertilizing in nature
c. Easily cross fertilized experimentally
d. All of the above

12. For the following cross: TT x tt, what percent of the genotypes produced will
be heterozygous?
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 100%

P1: TT x tt F1:

T T
t Tt Tt
At test cross is aTt Tt
cross of an individual showing a dominanttrait(s) and an
individual that is homozygous recessive forthe same character(s)
(Module 2, Slide 15)

13. What would be the phenotypic ratio for the following cross: RrYy x RrYy?
a. 3:3:1:1
b. 9:3:3:1
c. 9:9:1:1
d. 9:1:1:3

P1: RrYy x RrYy Rr x Rr

R r
R RR Rr
R_ - RR and Rr Rr
r rr
R_ round (3/4)
rr wrinkled (1/4)
Phenotypic ratio- 3:1 Yy x Yy

Y y
Y YY Yy
Y_ = YY and Yy Yy
y yy
Y_ (3/4) yellow
Yy (1/4) green
Phenotypic ratio- 3:1

Branch Diagram- Apply Product Rule

Y_R_ (3/4) (3/4) = 9/16 yellow, round
Y_rr (3/4) (1/4) = 3/16 yellow, wrinkled
yyR_(1/4) (3/4) = 3/16 green, round
yyrr (1/4)(1/4) = 1/16 green, wrinkled

14. Determine how many different gametes will the following individual produce: AABbCc.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

number of different gametes= 2n, where n = number of heterozygous pairs

(Module 2, Slide 30)

15. Which is not an example of a homogametic sex?

a. Male butterflies (ZZ)
b. Male birds (ZZ)
c. Female humans (XX)
d. Female butterflies (ZW)

(Module 3, Slide 6)

16. Which of the following is an example of a primary sexual character?

a. Breasts
b. Testes
c. Facial hair
d. Eye color

The gonads become sex-determined on week 7 of gestation : primary sex

determination. This is chromosomal. Testes willdevelop if a Y chromosome is
present while ovaries willdevelop in its absence. The gonads are the primary
sexual characters. (Module 3, Slide 9)
17. Which of the following modes of chromosomal sex determination excludes the
Y chromosome?
a. Lygaeus mode XX/XY type.
b. Protenor mode XX/XO type
c. Pseudoautosomal region
d. Bipotential gonads

(Module 3, Slide 7)

18. How many autosomal chromosome pairs do humans have?

a. 22
b. 23
c. 46
d. 44

19. X and Y chromosomes are only homologous at what regions?

a. Centromeres
b. Telomeres
c. Non-pseudoautosomal regions
d. Pseudoautosomal regions

(Module 3, Slide 8)

20. Expression of external genitalia is dependent on:

a. Sex chromosomes
b. Hormones
c. Gametes
 d. Mitochondrial DNA

21. What causes maleness in individuals diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome?

a. Presence of 2 X chromosomes
b. Presence of 1 Y chromosome
c. Presence of 1 X chromosome
d. Presence of 1 Z chromosome

47, XXY
• Y is sufficient to cause malenessin an individual with two Xs
(Module 3, Slide 12)

22. What led to the degeneration of the Y chromosome?

a. Crossing-over
b. Adaptive immunity
c. Lack of crossing over
d. Natural selection

23. How many Barr bodies does the following individual

have? 49, XXXXY
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3 # of Barr Bodies = # of Xs -1 = (4-1) = 3
d. 4

(Module 3, Slide 18)

24. Loch ness monster males are XY. The b allele is X-linked recessive lethal. Heterozygous
individuals have blue skin instead of wild type gray skin. What percent of the offspring
will die if a wild type male and a blue skinned female are crossed?
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 100%

P1: wild type male x blue skinned female

P1: XBY x XBXb

XB Y
XB XB XB XB Y
wild type female wild type male
Xb XB Xb Xb Y
blue skinned female dead male