Statistics

By : Sejal & Ana

 Statistical Question & Non-Statistical Question
Statistical Question Non - Statistical Question

● The statistical questions are all about a group. (A ● Non statistical questions are all about an individual.
group of cars, or a group of students). Their answers are pretty straight forward and easily
● To answer statistical questions, research and data found.
collection is needed.
● A statistical question requires gathering and studying
data to answer. ● Example : What is the color of our principals car?
Example : What is the
Questions to ask yourself - average number of hours
that a student spends on
○ Do I have to collect data? free time?
○ Do I have to analyze data?
○ Does the data show variability?
 Variability & Outlier
Variability

● Variability is the tendency of a data set to have different values.It shows how spread out data is.‘

Outlier

- An outlier is a value that “lies outside” (is much smaller or larger than) most of the other values in
a set of data.
 Calculating Mean & Median
Mean : Median :

- The mean represents the average of the numbers. - The median represents the middle number.
1. Be sure that all of the numbers are in order from
1. Add all of the numbers together.
least to greatest.
2. Divide by the amount of numbers you have. 2. Locate the middle number by crossing out the highest
and lowest until there are only 1 or 2 numbers left.
Example :
** If you have 2 middle numbers, you must find the mean
5, 7, 3, 5, 8, 4, 9, 4, 3 (average) of those two numbers, by adding them together and
dividing by 2 **
If added all together : 52
Example :
Mean = 52 / 9 = 5.778
5, 7, 3, 5, 8, 4, 9, 4, 3, 4
Order from least to greatest : 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 8, 9
Median = (4 + 5) x ½ = 4.5
 Calculating Mode & Range
Mode :
Range :
THe mode represents the number(s) that appears the most.
The range is the difference between the maximum and the
minimum. Calculating the mode

Calculating the Range 1. Identify which number or numbers you see the most
frequently.
Maximum - Minimum ● There can't be more than one mode!
● There can be no mode.
Example : 9 - 1 = 10 so 10 is the interquartile range.
Example : The mode is 3.
Min=1, Q1=3, Median=5, Q3=7, Max=9

1 2 3
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10
 Dot plots & Histograms
Dot Plots : Histograms :

We can get all the following information : ● Histograms are all about groups of statistical data.
● Histograms show intervals of data.
● Total number of data points
● We can find :
● Mean ○ Median interval
● Median ○ Mode interval
● Mode ○ Total number of data points
● Minimum
Example :
● Maximum Tree heights
● Range 50
40
Example : 30

Trees
20
10
1 2 3 0
100 150 200 250 300 350
Height (ft)
 Box plots & 5 Number Summary
Box Plots : 5 Number Summary :

We can get all the following information : Minimum Lower Median (Q2) Upper Maximum
Quartile Quartile
● Median (Q1) (Q3)
Min Q1 Median Q3 Max
● Minimum 25% 25%
25% 25%
● Maximum
● Range
● Interquartile Range

Example : Min=1, Q1=3, Median=5, Q3=7, Max=9

Minimum Lower Median Upper Maximum
Quartile (Q2) Quartile
(Q1) (Q3)

1 3 5 7 9

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10