Section One: Select the best answer.

1.Which of the following is the infective stage of

Taenia solium for humans?
A. Oncosphere
B. Cysticercus
C. Egg
D. Proglottid?
2.The definitive host for Taenia saginata is:
A. Humans
B. Cattle
C. Pigs
D. Snails
3.What is the intermediate host of
Echinococcus granulosus?
A. Sheep
B. Humans
C. Dogs
D. Fish
4.The adult form of Diphyllobothrium latum
resides in the:
A. Liver
B. Intestines
 C. Lungs
D. Muscles
5.The larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus
is known as:
A. Hydatid cyst
B. Cysticercus
C. Oncosphere
D. Coracidium
6.Which cestode is also known as the "fish
tapeworm"?
A. Taenia solium
B. Diphyllobothrium latum
C. Hymenolepis nana
D. Echinococcus granulosus
7.Taenia saginata is primarily transmitted
through:
A. Contaminated water
B. Undercooked beef
C. Undercooked pork
D. Unwashed vegetables.
8.Hymenolepis nana can infect humans
through:
 A. Contaminated water
B. Direct fecal-oral transmission
C. Eating undercooked meat
D. Mosquito bites
9.Scolex of Taenia saginata is characterized by:
A. Hooks and suckers
B. No hooks, only suckers
C. Rostellum and hooks
D. None of the above
10. The condition caused by larval forms of
Taenia solium in humans is known as:
A. Hydatid disease
B. Neurocysticercosis
C. Taeniasis
D. Schistosomiasis
11. Which cestode has a direct lifecycle and
does not require an intermediate host?
A. Hymenolepis nana
B. Taenia saginata
C. Echinococcus granulosus
D. Diphyllobothrium latum
12. Which structure aids in attachment of the
cestodes to the host’s intestine?
A. Proglottids
B. Scolex
C. Strobila
D. Cysticercus
13. The eggs of Diphyllobothrium latum
develop into coracidium in:
A. Soil
B. Water
C. Human intestines
D. Intermediate host
14. Echinococcus multilocularis causes a
condition similar to Echinococcus granulosus
but differs in:
A. Size of the adult worm
B. Host specificity
C. Proliferation of the cysts
D. Number of intermediate hosts
15. The infective stage of Hymenolepis nana
is:
A. Oncosphere
 B. Cysticercoid
C. Egg
D. Hydatid cyst
16. Taenia solium differs from Taenia
saginata in that it:
A. Lacks a scolex
B. Has a rostellum with hooks
C. Is transmitted through beef
D. Does not infect humans
17. What diagnostic method is commonly
used for identifying taeniasis?
A. Blood smear
B. Stool examination for eggs or proglottids
C. CT scan
D. Serology
18. Which tapeworm can cause vitamin B12
deficiency?
A. Taenia solium
B. Echinococcus granulosus
C. Diphyllobothrium latum
D. Hymenolepis nana
19. Humans act as intermediate hosts in
which of the following infections?
A. Taenia saginata
B. Echinococcus granulosus
C. Hymenolepis nana
D. Diphyllobothrium latum
20. Which cestode infection is most
commonly associated with dogs?
A. Taenia saginata
B. Echinococcus granulosus
C. Hymenolepis nana
D. Diphyllobothrium latum
21. The treatment of choice for taeniasis
caused by Taenia solium is:
A. Albendazole
B. Praziquantel
C. Ivermectin
D. Metronidazole
22. What is the role of humans in the lifecycle
of Taenia saginata?
A. Intermediate host
B. Definitive host
 C. Both intermediate and definitive host
D. None of the above
23. The larval stage of Diphyllobothrium
latum found in fish is called:
A. Oncosphere
B. Procercoid
C. Plerocercoid
D. Cysticercoid
24. The main source of infection for
Echinococcus granulosus is:
A. Contaminated water
B. Dog feces
C. Undercooked meat
D. Mosquito bites
25. What is the most severe form of disease
caused by Echinococcus granulosus?
A. Intestinal obstruction
B. Neurocysticercosis
C. Hydatid disease
D. Anemia
26. Which cestode is commonly known as the
"dwarf tapeworm"?
 A. Hymenolepis nana
B. Taenia solium
C. Diphyllobothrium latum
D. Echinococcus granulosus
27. Which of the following is the diagnostic
stage of Echinococcus granulosus?
A. Eggs in feces
B. Hydatid cyst in tissues
C. Proglottids in stool
D. Cysticercoid in intermediate host
28. What is the primary habitat of adult
cestodes in the human body?
A. Blood
B. Lungs
C. Intestinal tract
D. Liver
29. The term "strobila" refers to:
A. The scolex of cestodes
B. The entire body of a tapeworm except the
scolex
C. Larval form of tapeworms
D. Attachment organ
30. Which cestode has operculated eggs?
A. Taenia saginata
B. Echinococcus granulosus
C. Diphyllobothrium latum
D. Hymenolepis nana
31. Cysticercosis occurs when humans ingest:
A. Cysticerci in undercooked meat
B. Eggs of Taenia solium
C. Proglottids of Taenia saginata
D. Larval forms of Hymenolepis nana
32. Which cestode infection is most common
in children?
A. Taenia saginata
B. Hymenolepis nana
C. Echinococcus granulosus
D. Diphyllobothrium latum
33. Echinococcus granulosus infections are
most prevalent in:
A. Urban areas
B. Temperate regions with livestock farming
C. Tropical rainforests
 D. Coastal fishing villages
34. The scolex of Diphyllobothrium latum is
characterized by:
A. Four suckers
B. Hooks and rostellum
C. Bothria (longitudinal grooves)
D. No attachment organs
35. Which cestode is associated with
autoinfection in humans?
A. Taenia saginata
B. Hymenolepis nana
C. Diphyllobothrium latum
D. Echinococcus granulosus
36. The drug of choice for treating
neurocysticercosis is:
A. Metronidazole
B. Praziquantel
C. Albendazole
D. Ivermectin
37. Which of the following cestodes has a
two-host lifecycle?
 A. Hymenolepis nana
B. Taenia saginata
C. Diphyllobothrium latum
D. Echinococcus granulosus
38. What is the primary way to prevent
Echinococcus infections in humans?
A. Vaccination
B. Avoiding raw fish
C. Proper disposal of dog feces
D. Wearing insect repellents
39. Cestodes absorb nutrients through their:
A. Digestive tract
B. Tegument
C. Proglottids
D. Scolex
40. The scolex of Taenia solium is:
A. Without hooks
B. With four suckers and hooks
C. With bothria
D. Without any attachment organ
41. The intermediate host of Taenia solium is
typically:
 A. Cattle
B. Humans
C. Pigs
D. Sheep
42. The pathology of hydatid cyst disease is
caused by:
A. Adult tapeworms in the intestine
B. Larval cysts in tissues
C. Eggs in the bloodstream
D. Proglottids in stool
43. The eggs of Taenia spp. are diagnosed
microscopically by:
A. Presence of a radially striated shell
B. Operculated structure
C. Oval shape without striations
D. Presence of hooks
44. Infection with Diphyllobothrium latum is
associated with consumption of:
A. Undercooked pork
B. Undercooked fish
C. Contaminated water
D. Unwashed vegetables
45. Which cestode can complete its lifecycle
in a single host?
A. Hymenolepis nana
B. Taenia saginata
C. Diphyllobothrium latum
D. Echinococcus granulosus
Section Two: Answer All questions
Question (1): case study
Case 1
Case: A 25-year-old man from a rural area presents
with recurrent seizures and headaches. His MRI scan
shows multiple cystic lesions in the brain, some with
calcifications. He has a history of consuming
undercooked pork. Stool examination does not
reveal any eggs or proglottids.
Question:
1.What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
Answer:
2.What is the infective stage of Taenia solium that
leads to this condition?
Answer:
Case 2:
Case: A 35-year-old woman who frequently
consumes raw freshwater fish presents with fatigue,
pallor, and glossitis. Blood tests reveal macrocytic
anemia with low vitamin B12 levels. A stool test
shows operculated eggs with a knob at one end.
Question:
1.Which parasite is most likely causing her
symptoms?
Answer:
2.What is the definitive host in the lifecycle of this
parasite?
Answer:
Case 3:
Case: A 40-year-old sheep farmer develops
abdominal pain and a mass in the liver region. An
abdominal ultrasound reveals a large, fluid-filled
cyst with multiple daughter cysts inside. He has been
raising dogs and sheep for years.
Question:
1.What is the most likely causative organism?
Answer:
2.What is the most definitive diagnostic method
for this disease?
Answer:
Case 4:
Case: A 10-year-old child from an urban area
presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight
loss. Stool examination reveals numerous oval eggs
with polar filaments. The child has no history of
consuming raw or undercooked meat.
Question:
1.What is the likely parasite responsible for the
child’s condition?
Answer:
2.How can the autoinfection cycle in this parasite
be interrupted?
Answer:
Case 5:
Case: A 30-year-old man reports passing long,
ribbon-like segments in his stool after experiencing
mild abdominal discomfort. He has a habit of eating
undercooked beef. Stool microscopy confirms the
presence of radially striated eggs.
Question:
1.What is the causative agent of his condition?
Answer:
2.What is the most effective treatment for this
infection?
Answer:
Question (2): write short note about the
following?
1.Short notes on:
a)Echinococcus granulosus
b) Hymenolepis nana
c)Diphyllobothrium latum
d) Hydatid cyst
e)Casoni's test
f) Coenurosis
g) Dipylidium caninum
2. Describe morphology, life cycle and laboratory
diagnosis of:
a)Taenia solium
b) Taenia saginata
c) Echinococcus granulosus
3. Differentiate between:
a. Taenia solium and Taenia saginata
4. Describe briefly:
a. General characteristic of cestode
b. Classification ofcestodes ,