OSTS Winter Training

NAV 102
Chart Prep and Navigation
 Agenda
Nav 102
• 3/6 Minute Rule
• Set & Drift
• Fix Intervals
• Chart Prep
• Log Book Entries
• Variation
 3 Minute Rule /6 MinuteRule

• 3 Minute Rule
− Speed (kts) * 100 = Distance (yds) traveled in 3 minutes
• Example: if traveling 20 knots, the distance you've traveled in 3
minutes is as follows: 20kts *100 = 2000yds
• If traveling 15 knots, 15kts * 100 = 1500yds
• 6 Minute Rule
− Speed (kts) / 10 = Distance (NM) traveled in 6 minutes
• Example: if traveling 20 knots, the distance you've traveled in 6
minutes is as follows: 20kts / 10 = 2NM
• If traveling 15 knots: 15kts / 10 = 1.5NM
• The premise with these rules is that a Nautical
Mile (NM) = 2000 yards (yds)
 Set & Drift
• Set – Direction boat is being pushed
• Drift – Speed boat is being pushed

• Causes
− Current
− Wind (leeway)
− Other Variables (e.g. wave action or inexperienced
helmsmanship)
 Set & Drift

0830 Ordered Course & Speed 0839

Set and Drift

0839
 Set & Drift

• To calculate Set:
Draw a line from the DR to the second fix
Place slide ruler on the line and transpose over to the compass rose
Read the direction off the compass rose in the direction of the line

• To calculate Drift:
Measure the distance between the DR and the second fix
Divide that distance by time as an application of:
D = S x T which would convert to S = D / T
 Exercise: Set & Drift

At 1200 you take 3 bearings At 1215, you take a GPS fix

Thomas Pt Shoal: 310 38 54’ 20” N
076 24’ 30” W
Tolly Pt “1AH”: 350
Matapeake Tower: 045

Course: 010M
Speed: 4
Fix Interval: 15 min
Exercise: Set & Drift
Matapeake
Tower: 045M

Tolly Pt “1AH”
Shoal: 350M

Thomas Pt
Shoal: 310M
Exercise: Set & Drift

•1230
•1215
•1200
 Exercise: Set & Drift
Set: Magnetic
Direction from DR
to Fix.
Set= 100 Magnetic

Drift: Measure distance

from DR to Fix.
S(kts)=D(NM)/T(hours)
S=.25NM/.25 hours

•1230
Drift=1kt

•1215
•1215

•1200
 Exercise: Set & Drift

What course do you need to What course do you need to

steer to maintain 010M steer to get back to your
taking set and drift into initial DR line (laid at 1200)
account? (Compensating by 1230? (Correcting
Course) Course)
 Exercise: Set & Drift
To maintain
course 010M
(taking set and
drift into account)
position your slide
ruler between your
GPS fix(new
course line) and
your 1230 DR (old
course line)

•1230
358M
By steering 358M
•1215

•1215
on your new
course line, you
will make 010M
•1200

Set – 100
Drift – 1 kt
 Exercise: Set & Drift
Measure the 348M
distance
between your
DR and fix. Steering course
348M will get
Plot that you back on
distance past your initial
your fix(see course line by
second blue 1230
line)

•1230
Place your slide
ruler between
•1215

the 1230 DR •1215

(initial course
line) and the
end of your
•1200

drift line
(second blue
line)

Set – 100
Drift – 1 kt
 Fix Intervals
DISTANCE
FROM
AREA FIX INTERVAL
LAND/SHOAL
WATER

Restricted 3-15 minutes or as conditions

Less than 2 NM
Waters warrant*
Piloting 6-15 minutes or as conditions
Between 2-10 NM
Waters warrant*
Coastal 15-30 minutes or as conditions
Between 10-20 NM
Waters warrant*
Greater Than 20
Open Ocean 30-60 minutes
NM
DIVPRODEVINST 3530.2F
 Chart Ed. and NTM

_____Ensure the chart is the latest edition and reference Notice to Mariners (NM) and Local Notice
to Mariners (LNM). For chart corrections refer to: http://ocsdata.ncd.noaa.gov/ntm/ and
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=lnmMain

nauticalcharts.noaa.gov
 Chart Ed. and NTM
_____Ensure the chart is the latest edition and reference Notice to Mariners (NM) and Local Notice
to Mariners (LNM). For chart corrections refer to: http://ocsdata.ncd.noaa.gov/ntm/ and
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=lnmMain
Markings on Chart
 Waypoints
•_____ Waypoints: Plot all in pencil on each chart using the waypoint list provided by the
Operations Officer. Waypoints shall be a 1/8” solid round dot (no crosshairs), labeled
with the four digit alpha numeric name of the waypoint (AH01) to coincide with the
waypoint list. Create the track specified on the waypoint list with a pencil.
 Shoal Water
_____ Shoal water (18 foot contour): Outline on the chart with a blue Sharpie Permanent
Marker, Ultra Fine Point. Outline all shallow areas (18 feet or less) within the deeper
water. Outline all fish traps and fish haven areas in 18 feet or less. Outline security
areas (such as Cove Point LNG terminal).
 Fish Havens
Fish Haven: artificial shelters constructed of rocks, rubble, boxcars, boats,
concrete, special designed precast structures to enhance fish habitats,
remnants of oil well structures, etc., that are placed on the sea floor to
attract fish.
Note the “authorized minimum clearance (safe vessel clearance) for each reef boundary
We can transit over a Fish Haven if the minimum clearance is greater than 18’
AVOID ANCHORING IN A FISH HAVEN!
 NTM Corrections
_____ Corrections: Mark on the chart using the NTM and LNTM. Make ALL corrections to aids to
navigation, and other corrections (shoal water, new obstructions, moved buoys, new fish trap
areas, etc.) that occur in water 18 feet or deeper. Use Chart No. 1 as a reference to put new
information on the chart, and the chart correction template to draw symbols.
 NTM Correction Tree
_____Correction tree: create a tree with three columns on. The first column will be the NTM or
LNTM number (designated by the week/year it was made, for example 42/11 is week 42 of
2011). The second column is the date the correction was made by the chart preparer
(1JUN12) and the third column is for the initials of the chart preparer (RM).
Highlight the Correction tree in ORANGE

NTM Date Initials •NTM Date Initials

42/11 1Jun16 RM 00 1Jun16 RM

 Highlight Chart Data
_____ Chart sounding datum: Highlight in yellow fluorescent highlighter.
_____ Geodetic Datum: Highlight in orange highlighter.
 Highlight Compass Roses
_____Magnetic ring of compass roses: Highlight all on the chart in yellow highlighter. Highlight
variation if true only (offshore charts).
 Identify Unlit Buoys
•_____ Unlit buoys: Identify all unlit beacons (buoys, shoal poles, etc.) by a 5/8” circle using a
template; outline in black pen, and color with a green highlighter. Do not make “green” using a
yellow and blue highlighter – it cannot be read under a red light at night.
 Buoys
•Can Buoy Nun Buoy Sound Buoy
88
5

• Lighted buoy Combination Buoy

•Preferred Channel Aids Cardinal Aids Special Marks

•Safe Water Marks Isolated Dan

Danger Mark
 Visual Ranges
•__________ Visual Ranges: Highlight all visual range lines with yellow highlighter.
 Ranges
•Intentional Range •Coincidental Range

•To the right of the range. •On the Range

•The location of the rear range
relative to the front range will
indicate your relationship to the
range line.
 Red Sector
Red Sectors: Highlight arc of navigation aid red sectors with yellow highlighter
 Highlight Bridge Data
_____ Bridges: For all bridges on track, highlight bridge controlling height, crossing point and
center span location in yellow highlighter.
 Identify RADNAV Aids
_____ Radar navigation aids: (navigation aids with a RACON and prominent points of land)
Identify using a 5/8” triangle using a template; outline in black pen, and color with a blue
highlighter. Radar nav aids will have a two or three figure identifier, with “R” as the first
letter for Radar. RACON buoys will be labeled by their buoy number. Land or land based
objects will use one or two letters following “R”, i.e. “R P” for a pier or “R TP” for Turkey
Point.
 Identify Visual NAVAIDS
_____ Visual navigation aids: (lit and unlit buoys can be used in addition to land based visual
aids such as lights on fixed structures, tanks, spires, and prominent points of land) Identify
by using a 5/8” circle using a template; outline in black pen, and color with a yellow
highlighter. Visual aids are used for shooting a line of position (LOP) and will have an
identifier starting with “V” as the first letter. Buoys will be labeled by “V” and their buoy
number, i.e. V 87 for buoy 87 on the Chesapeake Bay. Land based aids will use up to three
letters or numbers following “V” i.e. V CD for Chapel Dome or V RT1 for Radio Tower 1.
Ensure visual aids on overlapping charts have the same identifier for recording in the
bearing log. Choose navigation aids that can be used in daylight and/or night, and that you
can triangulate for a fix.
Identify Visual NAVAIDS
 Label Chart
•Label and fold the chart: Label the number of the next chart near the track at the
intersecting margin. Mark a line with green highlighter, and write the next chart number
between the line and the chart margin.
 Label Chart
With the chart face up fold right to left, bottom to top. Lay the chart down so that there
is a single fold at the lower right hand corner. Label the chart in this corner. When the
chart is placed in the navigation desk you should be able to see only a single fold and the
label will be in the right hand corner. Label the chart number and name in legible 1” block
letters on the bottom right hand corner of the folded chart. Immediately above the label,
write the number of the connecting chart (from the chart list provided by the relevant
sailing program Operations Officer); immediately below the label, write the chart number of
the following chart. The numbers of the previous and following charts should be 1/3”
letter. For example:

•Chart: 13224
•Chart: 13223 NARRAGANSET BAY INCLUDING NEWPORT HARBOR
•Chart: 13218
 Plot Track
_____ Track: When approved by the Skipper, mark it with a black Sharpie, Ultra Fine Point.
Each straight-line segment of the track will be labeled with the magnetic course (C xxxM)
and Distance (D xx.x NM) in a track box. This marking will be placed along each segment at
least once. The reciprocal course shall be placed along each segment if used as a return
track, with the arrow pointing the opposite direction.
 Skipper Signature
•_____Approval: DNAS or the Program Director (OSTS/VOST) is responsible for the final
approval of all charts. After review and making any necessary corrections, DNAS or the
Program Director will sign Block #_______, (year)_______ Approved by:________________(DNAS or
Program Director signature). (NOTE: This does not alleviate the responsibility of each
Skipper and XO to review and sign their own charts prior to departure.)
 Narrative Log
NA-__ Narrative Log Block __ Date_____
Time Narrative comments - to include at a minimum: watch relief, sail changes, fix intervals, and weather
Underway from Santee Basin to conduct 48 hour sail down the bay. 1/C George is on the helm. Crew embarked:
0800
Skipper LT Crown, XO LT Sampson,
1/C George, 1/C Burke. 3/C Mahan, 3/C Jones, 3/C Perry, 3/C Chabot, 3/C Halsey, 3/C Lunsford. Fix Interval 15
Minutes
0810 Raised Main and #1 Genoa. Wind west at 10 knots. Secured the engine
0815 Port Watch assumed the watch. 1/C George is watch captain. 3/C Lunsford in on the Helm.
0830 Took the #1 Reef in the main for training. Shook the reef
0845 Passed Thomas Point Light to starboard
0900 3/C Halsey relieved the helm
1000 3/C Mahan relieved the helm
1015 Changed Headsails for training. Raised the #2 Genoa
1025 Agreed to a port to port 1 Bell meeting on Ch 13 with the tug Cherl Ann northbound with a long tow 3 miles south of
TPL.
1050 Passed Bloody Point Light abeam to port
1100 3/C Lunsford on the helm. Checked to make sure the on-coming watch was getting ready to eat.
1130 Started engine to charge batteries. Still sailing
1150 Started watch relief process. Nav briefed oncoming watch
1200 Starboard watch on duty. 1/C Burke is watch Captain, 3/c Jones at the helm
1245 Skipper changed fix interval to 10 minutes
1300 3/c Perry relieved the helm
1330 Switched from chart 12270 to 12266
Skipper/XO Review ____/____
Time____/_____
 Offshore Log
Battery
Position Depth (ft) True Wind Seastate Engine
Time Fix Course Speed Bar Voltage Bilge
(local) Type (oM) (kts) (mb) ON/ strokes
Latitude Longitude Fatho Chart (oM) (kts) (oM) (ft) Hrs Fuel(gal) House ENG
OFF
1400 V 38 57.2N 076 25.5 W 36 35 180 5.2 280 10 100 1 1004 On 1505 35 12.9 12.9 1
1415 V 38 52.0 N 076 25.2 W 43 44 200 5.8 On
1430 V 38 51.4 N 076 27.7 W 38 41 180 5.2 On
1445 V 38 50.5 N 076 29.5 W 45 47 220 5.8 On
1500 V 38 50.0 N 076 26.4 W 38 37 240 5.8 280 12 100 2 1002 Off 1506 12.6 12.9 2
1515 G 38 48.5 N 076 29.5 W 40 40 230 5.7
1530 G 38 47.3 N 076 29.4 W 45 46 215 5.9
1530 R 38 46.5 N 076 26.6 W 42 41 175 6.3
1545 G 38 45.9 N 076 25.9 W 38 37 240 6.1
1600 V 38 45.1 N 076 24.9 W 41 41 225 5.8 280 13 100 2 1000 On 1506 34 13.5 13.4 3
1615 V 38 44.7 N 076 27.5 W 44 46 217 5.6 On

All data should be entered on the hour, other data as it applies (significant
course and speed change, or engine on/off). Depth should be checked and
recorded after each fix to verify. Start each day on a new page. Make all entries
in ink as legible as possible. The Skipper and XO should review and initial at
least two times per page.

Nav Standards: minimum entry every fix – time/fix type/position/instrument depth/chart depth
 Bearing Log

Review – adding and dropping visual aids in bearing log

 Variation
• Generally, no magnetic compass rose on offshore charts

VARIATION AS OF CHART DATE

ANNUAL CHANGE IN VARIATION

Offshore Coastal

• The center of the compass rose will tell you Variation

West is Best (+) East is Least (-)
 Questions?
• Next Class:
− NAV Exam