Zyanna Leigh T.

Ladesma 05/05/24
11 ABM – Assets CTVS

PhySci – Learning Activity Sheet No. 3

Activity 1: PICTURE ANALYSIS
Directions: Analyze the 2 pictures that were given below. What do you think is the connection of these photos to our
lesson Astronomical phenomena known to astronomers before the advent of telescopes?
Guide Questions:
1. In Image 1, describe the motion of the cart pulled by the horse and the motion of an arrow by a
stretched bow? What are the commonalties and differences between the two scenarios?
Aristotle described motion into two kinds: natural and violent motion. The motion being
described in image one is violent motion. The difference is the cart is being pulled by the horse,
whereas the arrow is being pushed or propelled by the stretched bow going back to its natural
resting place.
2. Describe the motion of the smoke in Image 2?
The motion being described in image 2 is natural motion. Smoke is made up of gas and the
natural motion of gas is upwards or towards the atmosphere, thus smoke naturally rises.
3. Compare the motion shown in each image?
Natural motion, as per Aristotle, is motion that occurs without any external push or pull. Objects
move and return to their natural state based on their material or composition. For instance, a book
lying at rest on a table will naturally remain at rest until moved. Smoke rising is another example
of natural motion. On the other hand, violent motion requires an external push or pull for the
object to move. Examples include pushing a book along a table or lifting a book. In violent
motion, the object needs an external force to initiate movement, unlike natural motion where
objects move and return to their natural state without external interference.
4. What kind of motion is presented in image 1? and image 2?
Image 1 illustrates a form of violent motion where the cartwheel is in motion due to an external
pull exerted by the horse. Similarly, the arrow moves because of the push from the stretched bow.
In contrast, Image 2 demonstrates natural motion as the smoke rises naturally.

A. Directions: Read carefully the conversation between Aristotle and Galileo. Your job is to perform a
simple activity to find out who was right among them. You will prepare stone and a paper ball that
are the same size. Measure the masses of the stone and paper ball and write the results in the table.

material mass
Stone __10__ grams
Paper Ball __10__ grams

Answer the following questions after you performed the simple activity:
1. Who do you think is right? Aristotle or Galileo. Support your answer
Galileo is right. He disproved Aristotle's claims and posited that motion can be measured
using physical variables such as time and distance, thus describing motion mathematically.
Galileo's experiments demonstrated that objects of different masses dropped simultaneously from
 the same height will reach the ground at the same time, regardless of their mass, supporting his
perspective on motion.

2. If you drop two objects of the same size, but of different masses/weights at the same time from
the same height, which object will hit the ground first? Explain your answer.
According to Galileo's experiments and observations mentioned, when objects of
different masses are dropped simultaneously from the same height, they will reach the ground at
the same time regardless of their masses and air resistance. Therefore, if you drop two objects of
the same size but different masses at the same time from the same height, both objects will hit the
ground at the same time. This is because, in the absence of air resistance and when only gravity is
acting on the objects, the acceleration due to gravity remains constant for all objects, leading
them to fall at the same rate.

3. How did Galileo come up with the idea about motion that objects of different masses dropped
simultaneously from same height will reach the ground at the same time?
Galileo believed that objects of different masses dropped simultaneously from the same
height will reach the ground at the same time. This conclusion was based on his experiments and
observations that led him to understand that falling objects would always have uniform
acceleration, regardless of their mass, when air resistance is small enough to be neglected.

Activity 4: Let’s Do our TASK!!!

Directions: Below are some tasks that you can do at home to be able to understand better the behavior of
falling objects.

Task Observation Explanation

1 No The book reached the ground first because it has more mass and will fall
faster due to gravity.
2 No The crumpled paper and the book still did not reach the ground at the
same time. The book will reach the ground first due to its higher mass.
3 The coin dropped from the table will hit the floor first. This is because it is
experiencing vertical motion and will fall faster due to gravity, while the
horizontally projected coin will take longer to reach the floor.

EVALUATION
A. Direction: Answer the table below, about similarities and differences between views of Aristotle
and Galileo about motion. Clues are provided inside the box.

Aristotle and Galileo Aristotle Conception Galileo Conception

both had conceptions Horizontal Aristotle proposed that bodies
of motion, but they had Motion need to be pushed or pulled to
differences in their maintain horizontal motion.
views. One similarity This contrasts with Galileo's
between Aristotle's and belief that objects in uniform
Galileo's conceptions motion will continue to move
of motion is that they without the need for an applied
both acknowledged the force.
existence of natural Vertical Aristotle proposed that an Galileo proposed that if two objects
motion. Aristotle Motion object is influenced by the of different weights are dropped
believed that objects downward force of gravity. He simultaneously from the same
naturally seek their believed that all objects height in the absence of air
resting places, while naturally seek their resting resistance, both will hit the ground
Galileo also believed places and that heavier objects at the same time. This conclusion
in the natural state of fall faster than lighter ones due was based on his experiments and
objects but emphasized to the force of gravity. observations on falling objects,
the uniform where he demonstrated that
acceleration of falling regardless of the mass of objects,
objects in the absence when air resistance is negligible,
of resistance. Both falling objects would always have
Aristotle and Galileo uniform acceleration.
recognized the concept Projectile Aristotle proposed that all
of objects returning to Motion motion on Earth is linear,
their natural state while all motion in the heavens
based on factors like (outer space) is curved. He
composition and mass. believed that objects naturally
seek their resting places and
that heavy objects fall faster
than lighter ones. Thus,
Aristotle was the one who
proposed that projectiles
follow a curved motion.
Similarities Motion Galileo proposed that an object in
motion, if unimpeded, will
continue to be in motion. This
conclusion was drawn from his
experiments where he observed
that objects will continue moving
unless acted upon by an external
force.

Galileo's contributions to the

progress of science regarding
motion were significant. He
challenged Aristotle's theories on
motion and conducted experiments
to demonstrate that objects fall
with uniform acceleration
regardless of their mass. Galileo's
experiments with falling objects led
him to conclude that motion can be
measured using physical variables
like time and distance, and that an
external force is not necessary to
maintain motion. By disproving
Aristotle's claims and presenting
his own descriptions of motion
through experimentation and
mathematical analysis, Galileo laid
the foundation for modern physics
and our understanding of motion.
B. Direction: Answer the following exercises. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. If
an object rolls down an inclined plane with an acceleration of 5m/s2 , what would be its speed
after five seconds given that it starts at 0m/s at 0s? You may complete the following table to
know your answer.

Time (s) Speed (m/s)

0 0m/s
1 5m/s
2 10m/s
3 15m/s
4 20m/s
5 25m/s

The acceleration due to gravity has a standard value of 9.8 m/s2. Two balls are thrown at the
same time. One ball is released from rest, while the other ball is thrown with an initial velocity of
10 m/s. How will you describe the acceleration of the two balls?

Both balls will experience the same acceleration of 9.8 m/s² downward
1. For the ball released from rest, its initial velocity is 0 m/s, so the only force acting on it is
gravity, resulting in an acceleration of 9.8 m/s² downward
2. For the ball thrown with an initial velocity of 10 m/s, it experiences the acceleration due to
gravity in addition to the initial velocity, resulting in a downward acceleration of 9.8 m/s²