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LENSES EXPERIMENT

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24 views

LENSES EXPERIMENT

Uploaded by

nyshahida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Hoo Sze Yen Form 4 Experiments Physics SPM 2008

2. The glass block is put aside. A normal line, NN’ is drawn through the centre point, O
on the diameter.
3. The glass block is replaced on its outline.
4. A narrow beam of light from the ray box is directed at point O at a small angle of
incidence. The refracted and reflected rays are observed.
5. The angle of incidence, i measured from the normal line is adjusted until the light ray
is refracted along the length of the air-glass boundary. The point of entry of the light
ray is marked and measured with a protractor. At this point, the incident angle is
known as the critical angle, c.
6. The angle of incidence is increased and the resultant rays are observed.
7. The experiment is repeated by pointing the light ray through the other side of the
semicircle.

Results:
• When i < c, part of the light ray is refracted to the air, and part of it will be reflected
back within the glass block
• When i = c, the light ray will be refracted along the length of the glass-air boundary
• When i > c, no refraction occurs; all the light ray will be totally internally reflected
within the glass block

Analysis:
The critical angle, c is a constant.
1
Refractive index of glass, n =
sin c

Conclusion:
1
The refractive index of glass, n =
sin c

5.6 LENSES
Hypothesis:
The image produced by a convex lens is virtual or real depending on the position of
the object. The characteristics of an image produced by a concave lens is not
affected by the object distance.

Variables:
Manipulated: Object distance, u
Responding: Image distance, v
Constant: Focal length of lens, f

Apparatus/Materials: Cardboard with a cross-wire in triangular cut-out, light bulb,


lens holder, convex lens, concave lens, white screen

Chapter 5: Light and Vision Page 51 of 52


Hoo Sze Yen Form 4 Experiments Physics SPM 2008

Setup:

Procedure:
1. The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram.
2. The focal length, f of the convex lens supplied is recorded.
3. The object (triangle with a cross-wire) is placed at a distance greater than 2f from the
convex lens.
4. The white screen is moved back and forth until a sharp image of the triangle is
formed on the screen. The image distance, v is measured. The characteristics of the
image are observed and recorded in a table.
5. Step 3 is repeated wit the object distances, u = 2f, f < u < 2f, u = f, and u < f.
6. For positions where the image cannot be formed on the screen, the screen is removed
and the image is viewed through the lens from the other side of the lens.
7. The experiment is repeated by replacing the convex lens with a concave lens.

Results:
Convex lens:
Position Object Image Characteristics of image
of object distance, u distance, v Real / Upright / Diminished /
(cm) (cm) Virtual Inverted Magnified / Same
size
u > 2f
u = 2f
f < u < 2f
u=f
u < 2f

Concave lens:
For all positions, the image characteristics are: __________________________

Conclusion:
• For convex lenses, images formed can be real or virtual, whereas for concave lenses,
only virtual images are formed.
• The characteristics of images formed by the convex lens depend on the position of the
object.

Chapter 5: Light and Vision Page 52 of 52

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