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Uploaded by

sankalpsolanki16
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# Operating System Course Overview

## Introduction to Operating Systems


- Operating systems act as an interface between the user and the computer hardware
- OS manages computer resources and provides services to applications
- OS consists of various modules like process manager, memory manager, file
manager, etc.
- Goals of OS include convenience, efficiency, reliability, robustness,
scalability, and portability

## Multiprogramming Operating Systems


- Multiprogramming OS can load and execute multiple programs in memory, unlike
uniprogramming OS which can only execute one program at a time
- Multiprogramming improves CPU utilization by reducing CPU idleness
- Preemptive multiprogramming allows OS to forcefully deallocate the CPU from a
process, while non-preemptive allows voluntary release
- Architectural requirements for multiprogramming include:
1. Secondary storage devices should support DMA
2. Memory system should support address translation
3. CPU should support dual mode (user and kernel) operation

## Processes
- A process is a program in execution, an instance of a program loaded into memory
- Processes have four main components: text (code), data (static and dynamic),
heap, and stack
- Processes have various operations they can perform: create, terminate, schedule,
execute, block/wait, suspend
- Processes have attributes like process ID, parent ID, priority, state, CPU time,
etc. stored in the Process Control Block (PCB)

## Process States and Transitions


- Processes go through various states: new, ready, running, blocked/waiting,
terminated
- Scheduling selects a ready process to run on the CPU, while dispatching gives the
CPU control to execute the selected process
- Process state transitions are represented using a state diagram, which can be
preemptive or non-preemptive
- In a non-preemptive system, a process leaves the CPU voluntarily, while in a
preemptive system, the OS can forcefully deallocate the CPU from a process

$$$ \sum_{i=0}^{n} i^2 $$$

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