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13 views3 pages

Untitled document (47)

Uploaded by

Claudia Win
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Based on the first paragraph of the passage, which of the following is most true about Gervase

Orme?

The Crimson Sign by S.R. Keightley

Gervase Orme who had been lately an ensign in Mountjoy´s regiment of foot, had been quartered
with his company in Londonderry, when his Colonel was appointed Governor of the City. Like other
gentlemen of his faith he had not wavered in his allegiance or dreamed of taking up arms against the
House of Stuart, till loyalty had become a crime and resistance an imperative duty. His own slender
patrimony was in peril; his faith was threatened and in danger of being proscribed; his friends, whose
safety and honour were his own, were placed at the mercy of their bitter and hereditary foes. Civil
war was imminent and he could not hesitate as to the course he should adopt. James had broken
faith with his people; the native Celtic population, steadfast in this, while they were wayward and
fickle in all else, were determined to drive the English garrison into the sea, and the instincts of
religion and of race intensified their hatred of the dominant caste.

When Colonel Lundy took the oath of allegiance to William and Mary, Gervase Orme willingly
followed the example of his Colonel, and embarked with enthusiasm on the impending struggle. To
him it was the one course left open, and he felt, like the other simple gentlemen of his time, that
when he drew his sword it was for fatherland, for faith, and even for life itself. Nor did he very much
doubt the result. The descendent of a Saxon colonist he looked down on the men of Munster and of
Connaught as a race fit only for hewing wood and drawing water, for Fontenoy and other stricken
fields had yet to be fought in which the Irish proved their splendid qualities as fighting men. And he
had the Saxon´s profound faith in himself and his people.

Therefore it was when Colonel Lundy had directed him to place himself under Macpherson´s orders,
with some prospect of service, he had obeyed with alacrity, hopeful that their destination might be
one of those towns upon the Bann where the Protestant forces were awaiting the coming of the Irish
army which was rapidly advancing north. In this he had been disappointed, but he was glad to
forsake for a time the comparative inactivity of garrison life, and almost hoped that Macpherson´s
anticipation of danger might be realized.

Source: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54598/54598-h/54598-h.htm

He has a strong sense of honor and duty.


B

He has always hated the House of Stuart.


C

He cares much more about himself than he cares about his friends.
D
He is considered a coward by others.

What is the author’s opinion on hydraulic fracturing’s economic impact?

Hydraulic Fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing has been seen as one of the key methods of extracting unconventional oil and
unconventional gas resources. According to the International Energy Agency, the remaining
technically recoverable resources of shale gas are estimated to amount to 208 trillion cubic meters
(7,300 trillion cubic feet), tight gas to 76 trillion cubic meters (2,700 trillion cubic feet), and coalbed
methane to 47 trillion cubic meters (1,700 trillion cubic feet). As a rule, formations of these
resources have lower permeability than conventional gas formations. Therefore, depending on the
geological characteristics of the formation, specific technologies such as hydraulic fracturing are
required. Although there are also other methods to extract these resources, such as conventional
drilling or horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing is one of the key methods making their extraction
economically viable. The multi-stage fracturing technique has facilitated the development of shale
gas and light tight oil production in the United States and is believed to do so in the other countries
with unconventional hydrocarbon resources.

Some studies call into question the claim that hydraulic fracturing of shale gas wells has a
significant macro-economic impact. A study released in the beginning of 2014 by the Institute for
Sustainable Development and International Relations states that, on the long-term as well as on the
short-run, the "shale gas revolution" due to hydraulic fracturing in the United States has had very little
impact on economic growth and competitiveness. The same report concludes that in Europe, using
hydraulic fracturing would have very little advantage in terms of competitiveness and energy
security. Indeed, for the period 2030–2035, shale gas is estimated to cover 3 to 10% of EU projected
energy demand, which is not enough to have a significant impact on energy independence and
competitiveness.

Research suggests that hydraulic fracturing wells have an adverse impact on agricultural
productivity in the vicinity of the wells. One paper found "that productivity of an irrigated crop
decreases by 5% when a well is drilled during the agriculturally active months within 11–20 km
radius of a producing township. This effect becomes smaller and weaker as the distance between
township and wells increases." The findings imply that the introduction of fracking wells to Alberta
cost the province $3.3 million in 2014 due to the decline in the crop productivity.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing

The author does not believe that hydraulic fracturing has any substantial economic impact.
B

The author believes that hydraulic fracturing has a substantial negative economic impact.
C
The author believes that hydraulic fracturing has a substantial positive economic impact.
D

The author does not believe that there is enough evidence to determine whether or not hydraulic
fracturing has any substantial economic impact.

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