Lesson Proper for Week 1

Completion requirements
I. The Relationship of Tourism and Hospitality

Tourism and hospitality are intrinsically linked, each significantly influencing and supporting the
other. Tourism refers to the activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for leisure, business, or other purposes. Hospitality, on the other hand, encompasses
the provision of services and amenities to these travelers, including lodging, food and beverage,
entertainment, and other forms of guest services. The success of the tourism industry heavily
depends on the quality and availability of hospitality services. High standards in hospitality can
enhance tourists' experiences, leading to increased satisfaction, repeat visits, and positive word-of-
mouth promotion. Conversely, the tourism industry drives demand for hospitality services, creating
numerous business opportunities and employment. Both sectors contribute significantly to the
economy by generating income, employment, and foreign exchange. Therefore, the symbiotic
relationship between tourism and hospitality is essential for the growth and sustainability of both
industries, ultimately fostering cultural exchange and economic development on a global scale.

II. The Components of Tourism and Hospitality Industry

These include food and beverage services, lodging services, recreation services, travel-related
services and transportation.

Food and Beverage Services: This component involves the preparation, presentation, and service of
food and drinks to customers. It includes a variety of establishments that cater to the culinary needs
of both tourists and locals.

 Examples:
o Restaurants: Establishments serving meals, from casual to fine dining

(e.g., Red Lobster, Michelin-starred restaurants).

o Cafés and Coffee Shops: Offering light snacks, beverages, and a relaxed atmosphere
(e.g., Starbucks, local coffeehouses).
o Bars and Pubs: Serving alcoholic beverages and sometimes light snacks or meals
(e.g., Hard Rock Café, local pubs).

Lodging Services: Lodging services provide accommodation to travelers, offering a place to stay
overnight. These can range from budget options to luxury accommodations.

 Examples:
o Hotels: Providing a range of services from basic rooms to luxurious suites (e.g., Hyatt,
Four Seasons).
o Motels: Typically located along highways, offering basic accommodations for road
travelers (e.g., Motel 6).
o Hostels: Budget-friendly accommodations, often with shared facilities (e.g., YHA
Hostels).

Recreation Services: Recreation services encompass activities and facilities designed to entertain,
relax, and engage tourists, contributing to their overall leisure experience.
  Examples:
o Theme Parks: Entertainment venues with rides, games, and shows (e.g., Walt Disney
World, Six Flags).
o Outdoor Adventures: Activities such as hiking, kayaking, and zip-lining (e.g., guided
hiking tours in national parks).
o Spa and Wellness Centers: Facilities offering relaxation and health treatments (e.g.,
day spas, wellness retreats).

Travel-Related Services: Travel-related services assist tourists in planning, organizing, and booking
their trips, enhancing the overall travel experience.

 Examples:
o Travel Agencies: Companies that help with booking flights, accommodations, and
tours (e.g., Thomas Cook, Expedia).
o Tour Operators: Organizing packaged tours, often including transportation, lodging,
and activities (e.g., G Adventures, Trafalgar).
o Online Travel Platforms: Websites and apps that allow travelers to book various
aspects of their trips (e.g., Booking.com, TripAdvisor).

Transportation: Transportation refers to the various modes of travel that facilitate the movement of
tourists from one destination to another.

 Examples:
o Airlines: Companies providing air travel to domestic and international destinations
(e.g., American Airlines, Qatar Airways).
o Rail Services: Train systems that transport passengers across cities and countries
(e.g., Amtrak, Eurostar).
o Car Rentals: Services that allow tourists to rent vehicles for self-driven travel (e.g.,
Avis, Enterprise).

III. Definition of Tourism

Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people
to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes.
These people are called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists; residents or non-
residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which involve tourism expenditure.

The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defines tourism as a multifaceted
phenomenon encompassing social, cultural, and economic aspects. It involves the movement of
people to destinations outside their usual environment, whether for personal leisure, business, or
professional purposes. These travelers, referred to as visitors, can be either tourists, who stay
overnight, or excursionists, who do not spend the night. Tourism is not merely about the act of
traveling; it also includes the activities undertaken by these visitors, which often involve expenditures
on services such as accommodation, food, and entertainment. This spending significantly contributes
to the economies of host destinations, generating income and employment. Moreover, tourism fosters
cultural exchange, as it allows visitors to experience and appreciate different cultures, traditions, and
environments. The UNWTO’s definition highlights the broad impact of tourism, emphasizing its role in
driving economic growth, promoting cultural understanding, and enhancing global connectivity.
Overall, tourism is a vital industry with far-reaching implications for both individuals and societies.

IV. Definition of Hospitality

Hospitality refers to the provision of services and amenities designed to ensure the comfort,
satisfaction, and well-being of guests, whether they are travelers, diners, or other visitors. At its core,
hospitality involves creating a welcoming environment where guests feel valued and cared for. This
sector encompasses a wide range of services, including lodging, food and beverage, entertainment,
and customer service, all aimed at enhancing the guest experience. Beyond the physical offerings,
hospitality is also about the attitude and approach of service providers, emphasizing warmth,
friendliness, and a genuine desire to meet the needs of guests. The importance of hospitality extends
beyond individual interactions, as it plays a crucial role in the success of the tourism industry and the
broader economy. High standards of hospitality can lead to increased customer loyalty, positive word-
of-mouth, and repeat business, all of which are essential for sustaining competitive businesses.
Furthermore, hospitality helps to create lasting memories for guests, contributing to the overall appeal
of a destination. Ultimately, hospitality is about making people feel welcome and appreciated, leaving
them with a positive impression that extends far beyond their stay.

Lesson Proper for Week 2

Introduction: Tourism and hospitality are integral components of the global economy, offering
numerous benefits that extend beyond mere leisure and recreation. These industries have a profound
impact on economic growth, social development, and environmental sustainability, making them
crucial in today’s interconnected world.

Economic Impact: The economic significance of tourism and hospitality is evident in their contribution
to GDP, job creation, and foreign exchange earnings. Tourism drives demand for services such as
lodging, dining, and entertainment, leading to the growth of related businesses and sectors. For
example, popular tourist destinations often see an increase in the number of hotels, restaurants, and
retail shops, all of which contribute to local and national economies by generating income and
creating employment opportunities. This economic boost is particularly vital for developing countries,
where tourism can be a primary source of revenue.

Social Impact: Tourism and hospitality also play a crucial role in fostering social development and
cultural exchange. They provide opportunities for people from different backgrounds to interact, share
experiences, and learn from one another. This exchange promotes mutual understanding and
respect, helping to bridge cultural gaps. Additionally, tourism often leads to the preservation and
revitalization of cultural heritage sites, as these become valuable attractions that both educate visitors
and instill pride in local communities.

Environmental Impact: While tourism can have negative environmental impacts, such as pollution and
overconsumption of resources, the industry is increasingly embracing sustainability. Many hospitality
businesses are adopting eco-friendly practices, such as reducing waste, conserving water, and using
renewable energy sources. Sustainable tourism initiatives aim to minimize the environmental footprint
while maximizing the positive impact on local communities. This approach ensures that natural and
cultural resources are preserved for future generations, maintaining the appeal and viability of tourist
destinations.

Local and Global Importance: On a local level, tourism and hospitality create jobs, stimulate local
businesses, and contribute to the development of infrastructure. Globally, these industries facilitate
cultural exchange, promote international understanding, and support sustainable development. As
travel becomes more accessible, the influence of tourism and hospitality continues to grow, making
them indispensable to global prosperity.
The overall contribution of tourism industry comprising of travel, transportation, entertainment and
accommodation among other tourist attractions to the global economy crossed USD 8 Trillion during
2017.
• France and United States are among the popular tourist destinations in the world.
• Tourism contributes to approximately 9% of the worldwide employment.
Tourism industry has witnessed an astonishing growth over previous few years. Sparked by
increasing technological advancements and transport networks all over the world, the industry has
seen a steep growth. In many countries industries such as wildlife, entertainment, art, transportation,
etc. have now started taking one step ahead to expand their reach to international visitors / tourists.
WORLD TOURISM AND THE ECONOMY
• The global travel and tourism industry was valued at USD 7,581 Billion in 2014 (10.0% of GDP)
and was forecasted to grow by 3.8% in 2015.
• The global tourism industry is further envisioned to witness a year-on-year (Y-O-Y) growth rate of
3.9% and reach USD 11,382 Billion (10.6% of GDP) by 2025.
• The revenue generated from visitor exports is also projected to upsurge from USD 2,141 Billion
in 2025, exhibiting a CAGR of 4.0%.
• Total investment on global travel and tourism sector is anticipated to swell from USD 814 Billion
in 2014 at a year-on-year (Y-O-Y) growth rate of 4.7% to reach USD 1,336 Billion in 2025. Europe
tourism industry is the largest in the world accounting for 51% of share in 2015.
• Europe tourism industry is spiked by increase in number of international tourists in France,
Spain, Italy, Germany, and the U.K. The revenue generated from the tourist travel in the U.K.
accounted for USD 142.0 Billion in 2015.
• North America and tourism industry accounted for USD 1,412 Billion in 2015.
• With USD 1,218 Billion of revenues in 2015, the U.S. is the largest travel and tourism market in
North America followed by Canada with USD 98.2 Billion. The U.S. Tourism is further anticipated to
witness a robust CAGR during the forecast period.
• Asia Pacific tourism industry accounts to witness the highest growth over the forecast period i.e.
2016-2025. The tourism market in Asia Pacific is likely to get propelled from strengthening economy,
rise in disposable income and increasing infrastructural developments in some of the major countries
such as India, China, Japan and Singapore. Backed up by these factors, Asia-Pacific region is
projected to attract over 502+ million visitors by 2025.

Market Segmentation  By Type

the global tourism industry can be segmented into international tourism and local/domestic tourism.
 By Purpose of Travel
the global tourism industry is divided as adventure tourism, business tourism, medical tourism,
religious tourism and others.
 By Geography
Growth Drivers and Challenges
Key Players
WORLD TOURISM
 First World
 Second World
 Third World
 The Four Worlds
Geographically, the global tourism industry can be segmented into North America, Latin America,
Western and Easter Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and rest of the world.
The study further analysis the Y-O-Y Growth, demand and supply and forecast future opportunity in
North America (United States, Canada), Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Rest of LATAM),
Europe (U.K., Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Hungary, BENELUX (Belgium, Netherlands,
Luxembourg), NORDIC
(Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland), Poland, Russia, Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, India,
Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Australia, New Zealand, Rest of Asia-
Pacific), Middle East and Africa (Israel, GCC (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman),
North Africa, South Africa, Rest of Middle East and Africa).

Increasing per capita income in most of the emerging nations is believed to be one of the key
drivers of global tourism industry. In addition to that, promotion of tourism by certain government
bodies such as UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organization) is also expected to escalate
the global tourism industry.
However, natural calamities, terrorist activities, political unrest in many countries, outbreak of some
fatal diseases such as Ebola, Swine Flu, SARS, MERS, COVID19, etc. are projected to restrain the
growth of tourism industry in some countries of the world.

The global tourism industry is very competitive and includes some of the top players such as:
• TCS World Travel
• DuVine
• Gray & Co
• Air BnB
• Crown Ltd.
• Accor Group
• Balkan Holidays Ltd
• G Adventures
• Fred Harvey Company
Growth in international tourist arrivals continues to outpace the economy.
• International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) worldwide grew 4% in 2019 to reach 1.5 billion,
based on data reported by destinations around the world.
• 2019 was another year of strong growth, although slower compared to the exceptional rates of
2017 (+6%) and 2018 (+6%). Demand was slower mainly in advanced economies and particularly in
Europe.
• Uncertainty surrounding Brexit, geopolitical and trade tensions, and the global economic
slowdown, weighed on growth. 2019 was also the year of major shifts in the sector with the collapse
of Thomas Cook and of several low-cost airlines in Europe.
• All regions enjoyed an increase in arrivals. The Middle East (+8%) led growth, followed by Asia
and the Pacific (+5%). International arrivals in Europe and Africa (both (+4%) increased in line with
the Americas saw growth of 2%.
• As per the main source markets, France reported the strongest increase in international tourism
expenditure among the top ten markets, while the United States led growth in absolute terms.
• Based on current trends, economic prospects and the UNWTO Confidence Index, UNWTO
forecasts a growth of 3% to 4% in international tourist arrivals worldwide in 2020.
• International tourism refers to tourism that crosses national borders.
• Globalization has made tourism a popular global leisure activity.
• The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people “travelling to and staying in place
outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and
other purposes.
• The World Health Organization ((WHO) estimates that up to 500,000 people are in flight at any
one time.
THE FIRST, THE SECOND, THE THIRD WORLD
The bloc of democratic – industrialized countries within the American sphere of influence, the “First
World” also known as the The West. The term First World refers to the developed, capitalist,
industrial countries, generally aligned with NATO and the USA. The block of countries aligned with
the United States after World War II, which had more or less common political and economic
interests, this included the countries of North America and Western Europe, Japan, South Korea, and
Australia.
Some African countries were assigned to the First World because of their links with Western
countries. Western Sahara was part of Spain at that time. The anticommunist Apartheid Regime of
South Africa was until May 1961, a member of the Commonwealth, and Namibia was then known as
South West Africa and was administered by South Africa. Angola and Mozambique were run by the
Portuguese like companies. (Historical footnote: Both countries became communist countries for
some years in 1975).
There were some “neutral” states in Europe, such as Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, Ireland, and
Finland, but they can be classified as First World in the context.

The Eastern Bloc of the communist-socialist states, where the political and economic power should
come from the up to now oppressed peasants and workers. They are less industrialized states. The
countries in the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union; it included the Soviet Socialist Republics, the
countries of Eastern and Central Europe, e.g. Poland, East, Germany (GDR), Czechoslavakia, and
the Balkans. And there were the Asian communist states in the sphere of influence of China, -
Mongolia, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.

The remaining three-quarters of the world population, countries that did not belong to either bloc,
were considered “Third World”. The Third World was all the other countries. The mainly
underdeveloped agricultural sates and nations of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, where the blessings
of civilization benefited only a small ruling elite and the corporations and upper classes of the former
colonial powers. In principle, the term Third World is outdated but still in use; today, the politically
correct designation would be less developed countries (UN) or Low-income Countries (World Bank).
Whatever the term is used, it serves to designate countries that suffer from high poverty, high child
mortality, low economic and educational development, and low self-consumption of their natural
resources. They are countries that are vulnerable to exploitation by large corporations and
industrialized nations.
These are the developing and technologically less advanced nations of Asia, Africa, Oceania, and
Latin America. Third world nations tend to have economies dependent on the developed countries
and are generally characterized as poor with unstable government and having high fertility rates, high
gender-related illiteracy and are prone to diseases. One of the critical factors is the lack of a middle
class; there is a huge impoverished population and a small elite upper class that controls the
country’s wealth and resources. Most Third World nations also have high foreign debt levels.
After the Second World War, the world split into two major geopolitical blocs and spheres of influence
with conflicting political views about government and the right society. The term “Fourth World” was
coined in the early 1970s by Shuswap Chief George Manuel, it refers to widely unknown nations
(cultural entities) of indigenous peoples, “First Nations” living within or across national state
boundaries.

Lesson Proper for Week 3

INTERDEPENDENCE OF PHILIPPINE TOURISM INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY

Philippine Product Portfolio
Types of Tourism in the Philippines
Most Visited Churches, Festivals, Wellness in the Philippines
The Most Popular Festivals in the Philippines
The Best Wellness Retreats in the Philippines
8. Aegle Wellness Center at Balesin Island, Quezon
Urban Attractions in the Philippines

• The tourism industry has seen a significant spike in its contribution to the Philippines’ economic
growth, so much so that it provided 5.4 million jobs in 2018. That’s 1.8% higher than jobs provided by
the industry sector in 2017. Tourism industry accounted for 12.7% of the country’s Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) in 2018. That’s a 0.5% increase compared to the numbers the local tourism industry
raked in, in 2017.
• In a statement released by the Department of Tourism (DOT), DOT Secretary Bernadette
Romulo – Puyat was quick to credit the current government’s infrastructure projects and policies.
The Build Build Build program of the administration has greatly improved infrastructure and
transport connectivity, while the ease of doing business has boosted both visitor and investor
confidence in Philippine tourism.
• In 2017, the government inaugurated the Paranaque Integrated Terminal Exchange (PITX),
which has been deemed the “first integrated and multi-modal terminal in the southwestern part of
Metro Manila.
The year 2018 also saw the opening of Mactan-Cebu International Airport’s new international
terminal, Terminal 2, and the new Bohol-Panglao International Airport. Updated facilities of Clark
International Airport also opened earlier. On top of this, DOT has made public its bid to host the
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) general assembly in 2021. This confab
gathers major players in the global tourism scene, and hosting such an event will definitely put the
Philippines on everyone’s radar. We can’t wait to see how that will propel Philippine tourism here and
abroad.
From January to September 2019, a total of 6,161,503 people visited the country, compared to
5,387,458 in 2018.
• Most of the country’s visitors came from Korea, China, USA, Japan and Taiwan. Korea has
consistently topped the list for the first three quarters of the year with a total of 1,450,792 visitors,
followed by China with 1,359,817. Meanwhile, 792,619 people came from the USA, 518,211 from
Japan, and 252,578 from Taiwan.
• Nature Based Tourism is any type of tourism that relies on experiences directly related to
natural attractions and includes ecotourism, adventure tourism, extractive tourism, wildlife tourism,
and nature retreats.
• Cultural Heritage Tourism is a branch of tourism oriented towards cultural heritage of the
location where tourism is occurring.
• Sun and Beach Tourism occurs in coastal towns where beaches are located and most of the
time the weather conditions are of sunny weather and mild temperature (25 to 30 C).
• Cruise & Nautical Tourism is tourism that combines sailing and boating with vacation and
holiday activities.
• Shopping, Leisure and Entertainment Tourism – Shopping Tourism includes duty free
shopping in airports; purchasing luxury goods; visiting shopping malls, department stores and outlets;
discovering local brands; and supporting local artisan business and locally sourced items.
Leisure travel is travel in which the primary motivation is to take a vacation from everyday life, often
characterized by staying in nice hotels or resorts, relaxing on beaches or in a room, or going on
guided tours and experiencing local tourist attractions.
Entertainment is a form of activities that take away people’s stress and give them properly
amusement to relax such as going to movie theaters, water park, carnival and so on.
• MICE and Events Tourism – Meeting, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE) is a type
of tourism in which large groups, usually planned well in advance, are brought together.
Health, Wellness and Retirement Tourism – refers to trips that are taken by tourists with the
principal purpose being improve their health and/or wellbeing. Retirement Tourism or Senior Tourism
is a type of tourism typical of people of advanced age.
• Diving and Marine Sports Tourism – Scuba diving tourism is the industry based on servicing
the requirements of recreational divers at destinations other than where they live. Marine Sports
Tourism refers to marine and coastal-based sports presented as tourist attractions around the
waterfront. It can be defined as the attractions providing tourists with marine and coastal-based
activities as their principal focus.
• Education Tourism can be defined as tourism that pursues educational learning as a pretext for
a trip, either learning knowledge (historical, cultural, social) or learning a language more and more
practiced every day.

• Beach and diving tourism - Beach tourism is currently the major tourist draw of the Philippines.
Among the most popular beaches and diving choices in the country include Boracay, El Nido, Coron,
Cebu and Siargao. Other common beach places are in Samal, Cagayan, La Union, Pangasinan,
Zambales, Batangas, Iloilo, Dumaguete, Camarines Sur and Zamboanga.
• Hiking Tourism - Hiking is a rising form of tourism in the Philippines, especially among locals
and Western foreigners. Among the most famous hiking areas in the country are Mount Apo, Mount
Pinatubo, Mount Halcon, Mount Banahaw, Mount Makiling, and Mount Pulag.
• Research and Education Tourism - Due to the diverse number of flora and fauna of the
country, researchers from around the world have flocked various biodiversity sites in Philippine
environmental corridors. Among the big draws for environmental researchers include Mount
Mantalingajan, Sibuyan Island, Dinagat Islands, Mount Hamiguitan, etc.
• Arts and Crafts Tourism - Arts and crafts tourism in the Philippines has recently expanded
following several attempts to establish a cultural renaissance. The country was conferred its first
UNESCO Creative City through Baguio in 2016. Other arts and crafts centers are in Manila, Quezon
City, San Fernando, Iloilo City, etc.
• Pilgrimage Tourism - The Philippines is the Catholic pilgrimage capital of Asia, possessing
hundreds of olden churches, most of which were established between 15th to 19th centuries through
the earthquake baroque architecture. Among the most popular pilgrimage sites in the Philippines are
Paoay Church, Manila Cathedral, Maragondon Church, Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral, Baclayon
Church, Panay Church, etc.
• Fiesta Tourism - Various festivals in the country are flocked annually by both locals and
foreigners. The country has been known as the traditional capital of the world’s festivities and the
capital of fun due to the thousands of festivals which happen in the country, most of which are annual
spectacles. Among the most famous of these events are the Sinulog Festival of Cebu, the
Kidayawan Festival of Davao, the Ati-Atihan Festival of Aklan, the Dinagyang Festival of Iloilo, the
Panagbenga Festival of Baguio, the Moriones Festival of Marinduque, the Pahiyas Festival of
Quezon Province, etc.
Wellness Tourism - Wellness tourism has recently doubled its contribution to Philippine tourism due
to the rise of hilot (ancient Filipino art of healing) practices in spas, bath houses, and hotels.
Staycation, or staying in hotels for relaxation purposes, has also become a trend, along with the
increase of yoga, as rooted to the Indian roots of many indigenous Filipino cultures. Hilot havens
include Camiguin, Siguijor, and Antique, while staycation destinations include the hotels of Manila,
Bataan, Batanes, Tagaytay, Baguio, and Bukidnon.
• Heritage Towns and Cities Tourism - The Philippines is home to numerous heritage towns and
cities, many of which have been internationally destroyed by the Japanese through fire tactics in
World War II and the Americans through bombing during the same war. Only the heritage city of
Vigan has a town law that guarantees its singular architecture (the Vigan colonial style) shall always
be used in construction and reconstruction.
1. San Agustin Church, Intramuros Manila – It was the only church building left standing in
Intramuros after the war.
2. Iglesia de la Immaculada Concepcion (Baclayon Church), Bohol - This limestone and
bamboo church on the island of Bohol has stood on the same site for 300 years.
3. Basilica del Santo Nino, Cebu - The current building dates back to 1739; the old Cebu town
grew around the church, and Cebu’s other historical sites are just a short walk away from the church
– Fort San Pedro, the old Cebu City Hall, and Magellan’s Cross, among others.
4. Quiapo Church, Manila - Quiapo’s main landmark. Formally known as the Minor Basilica of the
Black Nazarene, the church got its name from its being the home of the Black Nazarene, making it
the focal point of the annual Procession of the Black Nazarene that grips Manila every January. The
church has stood on this site since the 1850s.
5. Binondo Church, Manila - Officially known as “The Minor Basilica and National Shrine of San
Lorenzo
Ruiz”, Binondo Church was built to cater to the growing Chinese Catholic community in the
Philippines. The Dominican friars built the Binondo Church in 1596, on the other side of the Pasig
River. The present church is a reconstruction of a structure that was almost completely destroyed
during World War II.
6. Paoay Church, Ilocos Norte - St. August Church, colloquially known as Paoay Church. This
house of worship embodies the architectural style known as “Earthquake Gothic”: due to its sturdy
construction, the Paoay Church has survived over 300 years of earthquakes. The bell tower is also
separated from the main church building, to prevent the church from being damaged should the tower
fall in an earthquake. The tower
served as an observation post for Filipino freedom fighters in 1898 and 1945. Along with a number of
other Baroque-style churches in the Philippines, the Paoay Church was designated a UNESCO World
Heritage Site in 1993.
7. Betis Church - Guagua, Pampanga - The Baroque-inspired church built in 1660. It is tagged as
the Sistine Chapel of the Philippines due to its outstanding European-styled murals and carvings.
Because of its exquisiteness, it is declared as a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum
and the NCCA.
8. Caleruega Church - Brgy. Caylaway, Batulao, Nasugbu, Batangas - Caleruega’s name is
inspired from a town in Spain, which was the birthplace of St. Dominic de Guzman, father of the
Order of Preachers.
The Calaruega is known as a place for reflection and relaxation. One of its features is a retreat
house.
9. Callao Cave Chapel – Penablanca, Cagayan - Callao Cave chapel is a limestone cave made of
seven enormous chambers: Chapel, Column, Skeleton, Elephant’s Head, Praying Angel, Rocket,
Lion’s Head and Dog’s Head Formation.
10. The Episcopal Church of Saint Mary the Virgin – Staunton Rd, Sagada, Mountain
Province - The church of St. Mary The Virgin in Sagada, also known as the “Angelican Church”, is
said to be the oldest church in Cordillera. It was founded by Rev. John Staunton in 1990s and even
survived World War II.
11. Miag-ao Church – Zulueta Ave, Miagao,Iloilo - Well-known for its artistic sculptural relief
carved on its façade, the church was completed in 1797. The church served as a stronghold against
Muslim raiders back in the old days.
12. Mt. Carmel Chapel – Basco, Batanes - The Mt. Carmel Chapel is truly a picturesque icon
atop of the hill of Tukon and against the northern winds that Batanes is famous for. Architects Joven
Ignacio and Tina Torralba together with the local artisans constructed the chapel inspired by the
traditional Ivatan stone houses. Once can have a beautiful panoramic view of the West Philippine
Sea and the Pacific Ocean from the chapel.
13. St. Andrew Kim Parish – Project Pangarap, Bocaue, Bulacan - Inspired by a Korean and
European structural design, the parish was built to pay tribute to the first Korean Catholic priest who
studied and sought refuge in Bulacan.
14. Daraga Church – Sta. Maria Street, Daraga, Albay - Located in a serene hill in the town of
Daraga, the church of Nuestra Senora de la Porteria (Our Lady of the Gate) is a marvelous gift from
the Fransciscan missionaries to Daraga.
15. Basilica of San Martin de Torres (Taal Basilica) – Taal, Batangas - The largest church in
the Philippines and in Asia, standing 96 meters long and 45 meters wide, Taal Basilica is one
astonishing landmark that sits on the crest of a hill right at the center of the town.

1. Sinulog Festival, Third Sunday of January – Cebu - One of the biggest festivals in the
country. It celebrates the image of the Santo Nino (Holy Child) that was originally brought by
Ferdinand Magellan from Spain in the 16th century.
2. Masskara Festival, Third Week of October – Bacolod - The festival is marked by dancers
donning elaborate colorful masks parading all over town, backed up by Latin-inspired drumbeats.
3. Dinagyang Festival, Fourth Sunday of January – Iloilo - Another celebration in honor of
Santo Nino, this award-winning fete in Iloilo is marked by a street party celebrated with bountiful food
and drinks, concerts, and a street dance competition where different districts and local schools
participate. It also celebrates the traditions of Aklan Island’s indigenous Aeta people.
4. Panagbenga Festival, February – Baguio - Also called the “Season of Blooming”,
Panagbenga is a grand event in Baguio where giant floats adorned with flowers parade along the
whole stretch of Session Road.
5. Pintados Festival, June 29 – Tacloban, Leyte - The Pintados Festival of Tacloban is yet
another culturalreligious festival dedicated to Santo Nino, which is filled with various activities locals
and tourists would enjoy.

6. Moriones Festival, Holy Week – Marinduque - During the celebration, men and women who
play the role of the “Moriones” are dressed in biblical Roman warrior costumes and intricately carved
masks to reenact the seven-day search for St. Longinus, a Roman centurion who converted into
Christianity.
9. Pahiyas Festival, May 15 – Lucban, Quezon - Probably one of the most colorful celebrations
around, Pahiyas Festival in Lucban, Quezon, is dedicated to San Isidro Labrador, the patron saint of
farmers.
8. Kadayawan Festival, Third Week of August – Davao - The word “madayaw”, which means
beautiful in Dabawenyo, truly encapsulates the biggest and most colorful harvest festival in
Mindanao. Its main events are ethnic dance competition, beauty pageants, fireworks display, and a
food event called “Ka’n sa Da’n.”
9. Ati-atihan Festival – Aklan - One of the oldest festivals in the country, Ati-atihan was originally a
pagan festival that is now celebrated as a tribute to Santo Nino. The festival is characterized by soot-
covered performers, dressed in indigenous costumes dancing tirelessly to the beat of the drums. Ati-
atihan is notable for having been the inspiration by a number of other festivals in the Philippines.
10. Bailes de Luces, January 5 – Negros Occidental - Bailes de Luces or Festival of Lights is a
relatively young festival, in the town of La Castellana, Negros Occidental. It started a back in 1997 as
a thanksgiving feast for the upcoming year, where a lively parade of dancers moving to the Latin beat,
floats, and children are all decked with beautiful lights,

1. Qi Palawan Resort, Hotel - Qi Palawan is located just an hour’s drive from stunning El
Nido, in the worldrenowned island of Palawan.
2. The Farm at San Benito Hotel - The Farm at San Benito in Batangas boasts of holistic
wellness services for the mind, body, and spirit. Encompassing 50 hectares of lush acreage, the
resort houses several deluxe villas, a massive spa, a vegan restaurant, organic gardens which
provide for the restaurant, a gym, swimming pools, and ample greenery.
3. Bahay Kalipay – Puerto Princesa City, Palawan - For a more rustic, back-to-basics
wellness retreat, Bahay Kalipay, which literally translated means “Happy House”, is a peaceful oasis
in the otherwise busy capital of Palawan.
4. Atmosphere Resorts & Spa – Negros Oriental - Over on the island of Visayas, within an
old coconut plantation in the province of Negros Oriental, is Atmosphere Resort and Spa situated
near the sea and amongst nature.
5. Lotus Shores – Siargao Island, Surigao del Norte - Also by the sea and at the heart of
surfers’ paradise is Lotus Shores located on the southeastern coast of Siargao (a beautiful island
that’s a retreat in itself).
6. Nurture Wellness Village – Tagaytay - For Metro dwellers, another quick and easy
getaway from the hectic urban jungle is Nurture Wellness Village in Tagaytay.
7. Mandala Spa & Resort Villas – Boracay Island - The Mandala Spa & Resort Villas in
Boracay was tastefully designed to blend in with its lush natural environment. The resort houses 15
luxurious villas which, despite the world-renowned beach waiting right outside, make it difficult to
leave its comforts.
Located at the Mykonos Village of Balesin Island, the Aegle Wellness Center is a premium wellness
destination that distinguishes itself through state-of-the-art medical facilities and world class
Thalassotherapy pools.
1. Rizal Park - Sometimes referred to as Luneta Park, this is a peaceful and manicured
outdoor garden located in the heart of the city. Throughout the park, of the note is the century-
old Monument of Rizal, which houses the remains of one of the Philippines’ most celebrated heroes,
Dr. Jose Rizal.
2. Intramuros - It is the oldest section of the city and characterized by its walled fortress. This
section of Manila was once a walled city during Spanish Colonial times in the 1500s to the 1800s.
3. Manila Ocean Park - The Manila Ocean park is one of the most unique adventures in the
city. Get interactive with marine life with the Sharks and Rays Encounter, Trails to Antartica, or the
fish spa where fish clean your feet in a small pool of water
4. National Museum of the Philippines - The museum has four main complexes and
extensive collections and artifacts relating to art, archaeology, anthropology, zoology, biology, and
natural history. The museum galleries help offer a sense of place, telling the cultural story beyond
what you will find on your own visiting the city’s many historical attractions.
5. Bambike Ecotours - Bambikes are locally hand-made bicycles custom-built from bamboo.
The company has a social welfare initiative that employs villagers for the production of the bikes.
Depending on your interests, you can select a tour that involves history, art, or city life.
6. Fort Santiago - The 16th-century fortress was key in protecting the Intramuros, which is the
oldest district in Manila, known historically as the Walled City.
7. Robinson Place Mall – It has a surprising number of unique stores where you can find local
items. The mall’s modern building is a stark contrast to the rustic and historic landmarks that surround
it.
8. Banko Sentral ng Pilipinas - The galleries showcase Philippine money over several
decades. There are artifacts, old coins, and various currencies on display that illustrate the changes
in money over time.
9. Divisoria Market - This is the best place to people-watch and takes in the local flavor. The
bustling atmosphere is like a flea market, and bargaining is the name of the game.
10. Manila Super Mall - It is like one-stop shopping for something to do in the city because the
huge complex has retail stores, restaurants, and entertainment.
11. Quezon Memorial Circle - A national park located in the heart of the metro. It’s one of the
best locations to visit if you want to learn more about the city, thanks to the attractions found there:
Museo ni Manuel L. Quezon, Quezon Heritage House, Quezon City Experience (QCX)
12. La Mesa Ecopark - is a protected watershed that is said to hold the last rainforest in Metro
Manila. The manmade lake is the primary water source for nearby residents and is surrounded by a
2,000-hectare forests and nature trails. It has a public swimming pool for those who want to cool
down.