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7 views

Week # 4 New Slides

Uploaded by

rubinahammed72
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week # 4

Information Communication Technology

Optical Storage:
Optical storage is a method of storing data on discs like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays
using laser technology. In these storage mediums, data is encoded in the form of tiny
pits and lands on the disc’s surface, which are read by a laser in an optical drive.
Optical storage is widely used for distributing media like music, movies, and
software, as well as for archiving data because of its durability and resistance to
environmental conditions.

The CD-ROM drive is a common optical storage device used in computers. Compact
Discs (CDs) can store about 650 MB of data or 74 minutes of audio. A CD-ROM
(Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) is read-only, meaning data cannot be changed.
For writing data, users can use:
CD-R (Recordable): Write once, read multiple times.
CD-RW (Re-Writable): Write and erase data multiple times.
DVDs offer higher storage, ranging from 4.7 GB to 17 GB, and faster data access,
making them suitable for larger files and video storage. Future advancements
promise even greater capacities.

Program/Software:
Software is the set of instructions or programs that tell a computer how to perform
tasks. It can be broadly classified into two main categories: System Software and
Application Software.

System Software:
System software acts as a bridge between the hardware and user applications. It
provides the necessary environment for other software to operate and manages the
computer’s core functions.
Examples: Operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux), utility programs, and
device drivers.

Edited By: Sabiha Aamir


Functions:
Managing hardware resources.
Facilitating communication between hardware and application software.
Providing essential services like memory management, file systems, and task
scheduling.

Application Software:
Application software is designed to perform specific tasks for users. It runs on top of
the system software and is tailored to various needs such as productivity,
communication, and entertainment.
Examples: Microsoft Word (word processing), Adobe Photoshop (graphic
editing), and Google Chrome (web browsing).
Functions:
Solving user-specific problems.
Enhancing productivity and creativity.
Enabling communication and media consumption.
Together, system software and application software form the foundation of modern
computing, allowing hardware to perform useful and user-friendly tasks efficiently.

Computer Data:
Computer data is information that a computer processes, stores, or transmits.
Types of Computer Data:
1. Text Data: Letters, symbols, and words (e.g., documents, emails).
2. Numerical Data: Numbers used for calculations and analytics (e.g.,
spreadsheets).
3. Audio Data: Sound files, such as music or voice recordings (e.g., MP3 files).
4. Image Data: Pictures and graphics (e.g., JPEG, PNG files).
5. Video Data: Moving images and animations (e.g., MP4, AVI files).

The User's Role in Personal Computing:


A user plays a vital role in the operation and maintenance of a personal computer,
ensuring its effective use. Key responsibilities include:
Setting Up the System: Users are responsible for unpacking, assembling, and
configuring the computer to suit their needs. This includes connecting hardware,
adjusting settings, and troubleshooting basic issues.

Edited By: Sabiha Aamir


Installing Software: While most computers come with an operating system and
basic applications, users often install additional programs, either from physical
media (like a disc) or online downloads, to expand functionality.
Running Programs: Users manage and operate software, including background
programs like those that control printers and peripherals.
Managing Files: Users create, save, organize, and access files, such as
documents, images, and music, ensuring they are stored correctly and
accessible when needed.
The user’s active involvement is crucial for personalizing, maintaining, and utilizing
the computer effectively.

Userless Computers in Everyday Life:


Many modern devices feature userless computers, which require no direct human
interaction once they are set up and programmed. These systems operate
autonomously, performing tasks based on pre-set instructions. For example:
Cars: Most vehicles built in the past decade have onboard computers that
monitor and control engine functions, such as fuel efficiency, emissions, and
performance.
Home Appliances: Many modern appliances, like washers and dryers, include
embedded computers that manage tasks like water usage, drying time, and
balance during operation.
These systems enhance efficiency and functionality, operating independently once
configured, without the need for continuous user involvement.

Thank you! Edited By: Sabiha Aamir

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