Qualitative Analysis (Cations)

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : Ist Group
A-1. Name of one chloride which is soluble in hot water as well as in excess of HCl.
A-2. Why do lead salts turn black on keeping for a long time in the laboratory ?
A-3. A metal salt forms a yellow precipitate (P) with potassium iodide solution and black precipitate (Q) with
acidified H2S. Yellow precipitate (P) dissolve in excess of concentrated solution of KI and ppt.reappears
on dilution. Then metal salt could be and also write the chemical equation.
A-4. When calomel reacts with ammonia solution, a black precipitate is formed. Write the chemical equation
and also name the reaction nature.
A-5. What products are formed when precipitate formed by the reaction of Hg22+ ions and excess of sodium
hydroxide solution is boiled ?
A-6. A metal salt forms a green precipitate with KI solutiion and white ppt with KCl. This green precipitate
under goes disproportionation reaction in excess of reagent which results in a soluble compound and
black precipitate then write the chemical equations and identify the cation in the original sample.
A-7. Why bright yellow precipitate of AgI is soluble in KCN and Na 2S2O3 solution.
A-8. Solid (A) is used in photographic film, Identify (A) to (E) ?

Section (B) : II A Group

B-1. Why Na2S cannot be used in place of H2S (in presence of HCl) as a reagent for II nd group cations ?
B-2. Does sodium hydroxide solution can be used to differentiate Hg(I) from Hg(II) ?
B-3. What happens when white precipitate of Bi(OH)3 is boiled ?
B-4. Identify A to F.
(F) K4[Fe(CN)6] (A) BaCl2 (B)  (C)
Chocolate   Blue solution   White ppt.
brown

(D) Hypo (E)

Brown ppt.  

Solution White ppt.

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)
Section (C) : IIB Group
C-1. An original solution is prepared in conc. HCl when diluted a white ppt. is formed. What does it indicate ?
C-2. Why HNO3 can not be used in place of HCl as a reagent (H2S in presence of HCl) for IInd group
cations?
C-3. A chloride of an element (X) forms yellow precipitate with H 2S in acidic medium. This yellow precipitate
is soluble in Conc. HNO3 due to formation of compound (Y). Compound (Y) gives ammonium
molybdate test then find the metal salt (X).
C-4. Identify (A) based on the following facts :
(i) (A) reduces HgCl2 solution to white ppt. changing to grey.
(ii) (A) turns FeCl3 yellow coloured solution to green.
(iii) (A) gives white ppt. with NaOH soluble in excess of NaOH.
(iv) (A) gives brown ppt. on passing H2S gas, soluble in yellow ammonium sulphide (YAS).
(v) (A) gives colourless gas with conc. H2SO4 but not with dil. H2SO4.

Section (D) : IIIrd Group

D-1. Why is the original solution boiled with conc. HNO 3 in group  ?

D-2. Do Fe(III) salts and Fe(II) salts both give red colouration with dimethylglyoxime in ammonical solution. If
not then which iron salt gives red colouration with dimethylglyoxime ?
D-3. Which colour precipitate is formed by Fe(II) salt with potassium ferrocyanide, (i) in complete absence of
air and (ii) under ordinary atmospheric conditions ?

Section (E) : IVth Group

E-1. Partial precipitation of Mn2+ as Mn(OH)2 occurs with ammonia solution but the precipitate is soluble in
ammonium salts. Explain ?
E-2. Why Zn(II) salt is not precipitated as Zn(OH)2 by ammonia solution in the presence of excess of
ammonium chloride ?
E-3. In the absence of copper ion, zinc ion form a white precipitate with the ammonium tetrathio-
cyanatomercurate(II) How the presence of Cu2+ ion affect this test ?
E-4. Identify (A) to (D).

(A)  (B) + (C) (On cooling (C) turns white)
Colourless water (Brown gas mixture ) (Yellow residue)
soluble compound

(D)
(White ppt.)

Section (F) : Vth, VIth and Zero Group

F-1. What is the formula of iodide of Millon's base ?
F-2. What happens when ammonia gas is passed into a solution of sodium cobaltinitrite ?
F-3. What will happen if the precipitation of Vth group cation by ammonium carbonate is replaced by
Na2CO3?
F-4. What happens when ammonium sulphate solution is added to a solution containing both Sr 2+ and Ca2+
ions?
F-5. Which colour precipitate is obtained when a solution of Ca2+ ions reacts with potassium ferrocyanide.

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
Section (A) : Ist Group
A-1. A metal nitrate reacts with KI solution to give yellow precipitate which on addition of excess of more
concentrated solution (6 M) of KI dissolves forming a solution. The cation of metal nitrate is :
(A) Hg22+ (B) Ag+ (C) Pb2+ (D) Cu2+
A-2. Three separate samples of a solution of a single salt gave these results. One formed a white precipitate
with excess ammonia solution, one formed a white precipitate with dilute NaCl solution and one formed
a black precipitate with H2S. The salt could be :
(A) AgNO3 (B) Pb(NO3)2 (C) Hg(NO3)2 (D) Mn(NO3)2
A-3. Consider the following observation :
2–

Mn+ + HCl (dilute)  white precipitate   water soluble 
CrO4
 yellow precipitate.
n+
The metal ion M will be :
(A) Hg2+ (B) Ag+ (C) Pb2+ (D) Sn2+
A-4. When calomel reacts with NH4OH solution the compound formed is :
(A) Hg2Cl2 (B) Hg(NH2)Cl (C) Hg(NH3)2Cl (D) HgCl2.NH3
A-5. Consider the following equilibrium :
AgCl  + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl–
White ppt of AgCl appears on adding
(A) NH3 (B) aq. NaBr (C) aq. HNO3 (D) aq. NH4I
A-6. AgCl with NH3 forms a complex :
(A) [Ag(NH3)2]Cl (B) AgNO3 (C) [Ag(NH2)2]Cl (D) Ag mirror

Section (B) : IIA Group

B-1. Sometimes yellow turbidity appears while passing H2S gas even in slightly acidic medium in the
absence of  group radicals. This is because :
(A) sulphur is present in the mixture as impurity.
(B) IV group radicals are precipitated as sulphides.
(C) of the oxidation of H2S gas by some acid radicals.
(D)  group radicals are precipitated as hydroxides.
B-2. H2S in the presence of HCl precipitates  group but not V group because :
(A) HCl activates H2S
(B) HCl increases concentration of Cl–
(C) HCl decreases concentration of S2–
(D) HCl lowers the solubility of H2S in solution
B-3. When small amount of SnCl2 is added to a solution of Hg2+ ions, a silky white precipitate is obtained.
The silky white precipitate is due to the formation of :
(A) Hg2Cl2 (B) SnCl4 (C) Sn (D) Hg
B-4. When excess of dilute NH4OH is added to an aqueous solution of copper sulphate an intense blue
colour is developed. This is due to the formation of :
(A) [Cu(NH3)6]2+ (B) Cu(OH)2 (C) [Cu(NH3)4]2+ (D) (NH4)2SO4
B-5. A black sulphide is formed by the action of H2S on :
(A) cupric chloride (B) cadmium chloride (C) zinc chloride (D) ferric chloride.
B-6. Which one of the following salts will produce clear and transparent original solution in 2M HCl ?
(A) Ag2CO3 (B) Pb(CO3) (C) Hg2CO3 (D) CuCO3
B-7. When bismuth chloride is poured into a large volume of water the white precipitate produced is of :
(A) BiO.OH (B) Bi2 O3 (C) BiOCl (D) Bi(OH)3
B-8. In which of the following pairs the precipitates are red and black coloured respectively and both
precipitates are soluble in excess KI solution ?
(A) HgI2, Hg2I2 (B) HgI2, BiI3 (C) Cu2I2, AgI (D) CdI2, PbI2
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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)
B-9. A metal chloride original solution (i.e. O.S) on mixing with K2CrO4 solution gives a yellow precipitate
soluble in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The metal may be :
(A) mercury (B) iron (C) silver (D) lead

Section (C) : IIB Group

C-1. Which of the following metal sulphide is soluble in YAS (yellow ammonium sulphide) :
(A) HgS (B) PbS (C) Bi2S3 (D) Sb2S3
C-2. When white crystalline precipitate of magnesium ammonium arsenate is treated with acidified silver
nitrate solution, precipitate of silver arsenate is formed. The colour of precipitate is :
(A) Yellow (B) Brownish red (C) White (D) Brownish black

Section (D) : IIIrd Group

D-1. When NH4Cl is added to a solution of NH4OH :
(A) the dissociation of NH4OH increases.
(B) the concentration of OH– increases.
(C) the concentrations of both OH– an NH4+ increase.
(D) the concentration of OH– ion decreases.
D-2. To avoid the precipitation of Hydroxides of Zn2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ along with those of Fe3+, Al3+ and Cr3+
the third group solution should be :
(A) Concentrated HNO3 is added (B) Treated with excess of NH4Cl
(C) Concentrated H2SO4 is added (D) Treated with excess of NH4OH
D-3. An inorganic lewis acid (X) fumes in moist air, and intensity of fumes increases when a rod dipped in
NH4OH is brought near to it. An acidic solution of (X) on addition of NH 4Cl and NH4OH gives a
precipitate which dissolves in NaOH solution. A solution of (X) does not give precipitate with H 2S
Hence, compound (X) is
(A) FeCl3 (B) AlCl3 (C) ZnCl2 (D) None of these
D-4. An original solution of an inorganic salt in dilute HCl gives a brown colouration with potassium
hexacyanidoferrate (III) and reddish brown colouration with sodium acetate solution. The cation of the
salt is :
(A) Ni2+ (B) Fe3+ (C) Cu2+ (D) none
D-5. Fe(OH)3 and Cr(OH)3 precipitates can be completely separated by :
(A) Aq. NH3 (B) HCl (C) NaOH/H2O2 (D) H2SO4

Section (E) : IVth Group

E-1. A coloured solution of a salt gives following reactions.
(i) It gives white precipitate with sodium hydroxide which becomes brown on exposure to air.
(ii) It gives white precipitate with ammonia solution which is soluble in ammonium salts.
(A) Mn2+ (B) Zn2+ (C) Al3+ (D) Ni2+
E-2. A metal salt form precipitate with H2S in presence of (NH4OH + NH4Cl) and this precipitate is soluble in
acetic acid then metal sulphide could be :
(A) ZnS (B) CoS (C) MnS (D) NiS
E-3. To increase significantly the concentration of free Zn 2+ ion in a solution of the complex ion [Zn(NH3)4]2+
Zn2+ (aq) + 4NH 3 (aq) [Zn(NH3)4]2+ (aq)
add to the solution some :
(A) H2O (B) HCl (aq) (C) NH3(aq) (D) NH4Cl (aq)
E-4. An aqueous solution of colourless metal sulphate M, gives a white precipitate with NH 4OH. This was
soluble in excess of NH4OH. On passing H2S gas through this solution a white precipitate is formed.
The metal M in the salt is :
(A) Ca (B) Ba (C) Al (D) Zn
E-5. A metal salt solution when treated with dimethyl glyoxime and NH 4OH gives a rose red complex. The
metal is :
(A) Ni (B) Zn (C) Co (D) Mn.

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)
E-6. The ion that can not be precipited by H2S in presence of dil. HCl.
(A) Pb2+ (B) Bi3+ (C) Cu2+ (D) Ni2+

Section (F) : Vth, VIth and Zero Group

F-1. Aqueous Solution of BaBr2 gives yellow precipitate with :
(A) K2CrO4 (B) AgNO3 (C) (CH3COO)2Pb (D) (A) and (B) both
F-2. The addition of K2CO3 (aq) to the following solution is expected to produce a precipitate in every case
but that one which does not produce precipitate is :
(A) BaCl2(aq) (B) CaBr2(aq) (C) Na2SO4(aq) (D) Pb(NO3)2 (aq)
F-3. An aqueous solution of salt gives white precipitate with AgNO 3 solution as well as with dilute H2SO4. It
may be
(A) Pb(NO3)2 (B) Ba(NO3)2 (C) BaCl2 (D) CuCl2
F-4. Mg is not precipitated in V group because :
(A) MgCO3 is soluble in water. (B) Ksp of MgCO3 is high.
(C) MgCO3 is soluble in NH4OH. (D) None.
F-5. A metal salt solution form a yellow ppt with potassium chromate in acetic acid, a white ppt with dilute
sulphuric acid but gives no ppt with sodium chloride or iodide it is :
(A) Lead carbonate (B) Basic lead carbonate
(C) Barium nitrate (D) Strontium nitrate
F-6. A white crystalline substance dissolves in water. On passing H 2S in this solution, a black precipitate is
obtained. The black precipitate dissolves completely in hot HNO 3. On adding a few drops of
concentrated H2SO4, a white precipitate is obtained. This precipitate is that of :
(A) BaSO4 (B) SrSO4 (C) PbSO4 (D) CdSO4
F-7. The brown precipitate formed by passing ammonia into Nessler’s reagent in due to the formation of
(A) Hgl42– (B) NH2O–Hg–Hgl
(C) NH2–Hg–O–Hg–I (D) NH3–Hg–I

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

1. Match the precipitates listed in column-I with their suitable solvents listed in column-II.
Column I Column II
(precipitate) (solvent)
(A) AgCl (white) (p) Concentrated HCl.
(B) CuS (black) (q) Dilute ammonia solution (excess).
(C) Zn(OH)2 (white) (r) Potassium cyanide solution.
(D) BaCO3 (white) (s) Hot 50% nitric acid.
(t) Sodium hydroxide solution.
2. Match the basic radicals listed in column-I with the properties listed in column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(Basic radical) (Properties)
(A) Mn2+ (p) Forms coloured metaborate in oxidising flame in borax bead test.
Forms white precipitate with sodium hydroxide but on exposure to air
(B) Cr3+ (q)
turns rapidly brown.
With both potassium cyanide (not in excess) and ammonia solution
(C) Al3+ (r)
separately forms reddish brown precipitate.
With excess of sodium hydroxide forms soluble complex but on adding
(D) Fe3+ (s) acid to soluble complex, a precipitate is obtained which redissolves on
adding excess of acid.

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. Which of the following compound does not gives ppt with dil. HCl ?
(A) AgNO3 (B) Pb(NO3)2 (C) Hg2(NO3)2 (D) Hg(NO3)2
2. KI gives precipitate with all the cations given :
(A) Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+ (B) Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ (C) Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ (D) Ag+, Ca2+, Sr2+
3. Three test tubes A, B, C cation Pb2+, Hg22+ and Ag+ (but unknown to each, aqueous solution NaOH is
added in excess). Following changes occur.
A : Black ppt, B : Brown ppt, which disolve in NH3, C : White ppt but dissolves in excess of NaOH
A, B and C contain respectively :
(A) Pb2+, Hg22+, Ag+ (B) Hg22+, Ag+, Pb2+
+ 2+
(C) Ag , Pb , Hg2 2+ (D) Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+

4. Salt mixture 

dil. HCl
 white ppt.

salt mixture contains cations of :

(A) Pb2+ and Hg2+ (B) Pb2+ and Hg22+ (C) Pb2+ and Ag+ (D) None of these
5. A compound (X) reacts in the following ways.

The compound (X) is likely to be

(A) Pb(NO3)2 (B) CaCrO4 (C) Hg(NO3)2 (D) AgNO3
6. When excess of SnCl2 is added to a solution of HgCl 2, a white ppt turning grey is obtained. The grey
colour is due to the formation of :
(A) Hg2Cl2 (B) SnCl2 (C) Sn (D) Hg
7. An aqueous solution of a substance gives a white ppt. on treatment with dil HCl, which dissolves on
heating. When hydrogen sulphide is passed through the hot acidic solution, a black ppt is obtained.The
subtance is a:
(A) Hg2+ salt (B) Cu2+ salt (C) Ag+ salt (D) Pb2+ salt
8. Three seperate sample of a solution of a single salt gave these results one formed a white precipitate
with excess of ammonia solution, one formed a white precipitate with dil. NaCl solution and one formed
a black precipitate with H2S. The salt could be :
(A) AgNO3 (B) Pb(NO3)2 (C) Hg(NO3)2 (D) MnSO4
9. A pale green crystalline metal salt of M dissolves freely in water. On standing it gives a brown ppt on
addition of aqueous NaOH. The metal salt solution also gives a black ppt on bubbling H 2S in basic
medium. An aqueous solution of the metal salt decolourizes the pink colour of the permanganate
solution. The metal in the metal salt solution is :
(A) copper (B) aluminum (C) lead (D) iron

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)
10. K4[Fe(CN)6] can be used to precipitate one or more out of Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+ :
(A) only Fe2+, Fe3+ (B) only Fe3+,Zn2+,Cu2+ (C) all but not Ca2+ (D) all of these.
11. Ferric alum gives deep red colour with NH4SCN due to the formation of :
(A) Al(SCN)3 (B) [Fe(SCN)3]– (C) Fe(SCN)3 (D) None of these.
12. Nessler's reagent is used to detect.
(A) CrO42– (B) PO43– (C) MnO4– (D) NH4+
13. On the addition of a solution containing CrO 42– & CH3COOH acid to the solution of Ba2+, Sr2+ and Ca2+
ions, the ppt obtained first will be of :
(A) CaCrO4 (B) SrCrO4 (C) BaCrO4 (D) a mixture of all the three
14. A salt on treatment with dil. HCl gives a pungent smelling gas and a yellow precipitate. The salt gives
green flame when tested. The solution gives a yellow precipitate with potassium chromate. The salt is :
(A) NiSO4 (B) BaS2O3 (C) PbS2O3 (D) CuSO4
15. A chloride dissolves appreciably in cold water. When placed on a platinum wire in Bunsen flame, no
distinctive colour is noticed. The cation of chloride is :
(A) Mg2+ (B) Ba2+ (C) Pb2+ (D) Ca2+
16. In fifth group, (NH4)2CO3 is added to precipitate out the carbonates. We do not add Na2CO3 because :
(A) CaCO3 is soluble in Na2CO3
(B) Na2CO3 increases the solubility of fifth group carbonates
(C) MgCO3 will be precipitated out in fifth group
(D) none
17. A metal salt solution forms a yellow precipitate with potassium chromate in acetic acid, a white
precipitate with dilute sulphuric acid, but gives no precipitate with sodium chloride or iodide, it is :
(A) lead salt (B) silver salt (C) barium salt (D) strontium salt

PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

1. An aqueous solution contains Hg2+, Hg22+, Pb2+, Ag+, Bi3+ and Cd2+. Out of these, how many ions will
produce white precipitate with dilute HCl ?
2. A solution of Hg2+ ion on treatment with a solution of cobalt(II) thiocyanate gives rise to a deep blue
crystalline precipitate. Then the coordination number of mercury in the deep blue coloured compound
is:

3.

The sum of number of p-pbonds present in gas (Y) & (Z) ?

4. An alcoholic solution of dimethylglyoxime is added to an aqueous solution of nickel(II) chloride. Slow
addition of ammonium hydroxide led to the precipitation of a bright-red coloured metal complex.
Find out the number of hydrogen bonds present in the structure of the complex.
5. In how many of the following reactions, one of the product is obtained as a yellow precipitate :
(a) Ba2+ + CrO42–  product
(b) NH4+ + [PtCl6]2–  product
(c) NH4+ + [Co(NO2)6]3–  product
(d) Ca2+ + [Fe(CN)6]4– + K+  product
(e) Sr2+ + CO32–  product

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)
6. Total number of metal nitrates given below, which give the following reaction,
(i) AgNO3 (ii) Pb(NO3)2 (iii) Cu(NO3)2 (iv) Cd(NO3)2
(v) Zn(NO3)2 (v) Ni(NO3)2 (vi) Al(NO3)3

Excess NH3.H2O
No change in colour and
no ppt. remains in the
test tube
aq. solution of Metal Nitrate

7. Aqueous CuSO4 decolorizes on addition of excess KCN due to formation of complex (A).
In complex "A". If
(i) Number of d orbitals participating in hybridisation is / are 'a'
(ii) Coordination number of Cu is "c".
then find 8a + 5c.

8. Co2+ + CN–  "A" (reddish brown) ppt.

"A" + CN– (excess)  "B" (brown solution)
"B" + O2 + 2H2O  "C" (yellow solution)
then find (a + b) for complex "C" if a = coordination number of Co
b = charge on complex (consider the magnitude)

9. How many of the following reactions give yellow ppt.

(i) NaBr + AgNO3    (ii) NaI + AgNO3
(iii) NaBr + Pb(NO3)2  (iv) NaI + Pb(NO3)2 
(v) Na2S + Cd(CH3COO)2  (vi) K2CrO4 + Pb(CH3COO)2 
(vii) K2CrO4 + AgNO3  (viii) NaBr + Chlorine water (excess) 

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

1. Which of the following is/are correctly matched ?
(A) BiI3   Black precipitate (B) CuI   White precipitate
(C) PbI2   Yellow precipitate (D) HgI2   Red precipitate

2. Which of the following are completely soluble in concentrated ammonia solution?
(A) AgCl (B) AgBr (C) Ag2CrO4 (D) Ag

3. Hg2I2 (green)   products

boiled
with H2 O

Which of the following statement is / are correct with respect to the products ?
(A) Black precipitate of mercury(I) oxide is formed.
(B) Violet colour gas is evolved.
(C) Red precipitate of HgI2 is formed.
(D) Mercury is obtained

4. Which of the following cations form coloured (not white) precipitates with aqueous solution of KI and
this precipitate does not dissolve in excess of reagent ? 
(A) Hg2+ (B) Hg22 (C) Ag+ (D) Cu2+

5. Which of the following statements is/are true ?

(A) Ag+ ions do not give white precipitate with excess of concentrated HCl.
(B) Cu2+ ions produce a white precipitate when KCN solution is added in a small quantity, and allowed
to stand.
(C) Hg2+ ions give deep blue precipitate with cobalt acetate and ammonium thiocyanate.
(D) Black precipitate of BiI3 turns orange when heated with water.
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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)
6. K solution is the reagent for the analysis of :
(A) Hg2+ (B) Pb2+ (C) Ag+ (D) Cu2+
7. Which of the following metal sulphide are in brown/balck in colour ?
(A) HgS (B) PbS (C) Bi2S3 (D) Sb2S3
8. Which of the following cations form(s) black precipitate(s) with H2S (g) ?
(A) Cu2+ (B) Sb3+ (C) Pb2+ (D) Bi3+
9. Which of the following mixture of cations can be separated by adding excess NH 3 solution ?
(A) Zn2+, Mn2+ (B) Zn2+, Cd2+ (C) Zn2+, Pb2+ (D) Zn2+, Cu2+

10. CoCl2 + KNO2 + CH3COOH  [X] + H2O + KCl + CH3COOK + NO

(Unbalanced equation)
Which is / are correct for 'X'?
(A) X is a yellow crystalline solid which is insoluble in water.
(B) X is a green coloured compounds known as Rinman's green.
(C) IUPAC name of X is potassium hexanitrito –N– cobaltate (II)
(D) The compound X is an inner orbital complex.
11. Which of the following is/are correct for potassium ferrocyanide ?
(A) It gives a brown precipitate with Cu2+ ions.
(B) It gives a white precipitate of mixed salt with Ca2+ ions.
(C) It in excess gives a bluish white/white precipitate with Zn 2+.
(D) It develops a deep red colouration with Fe 3+.

PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions.
Comprehension # 1
Aqueous solution of ‘A’ 
H2S (g)
 Black precipitate ‘B’, soluble in 50% HNO3 forming ‘C’.

White precipitate dissolves in Black precipitate ‘D’

hydrochloric acid but on dilution with
water again white turbidity appears 'E'.
Moreover, the salt 'A' on heating with solid K2Cr2O7 and concentrated H2SO4 produces deep red
vapours which dissolve in sodium hydroxide solution forming a yellow solution. This yellow solution
gives yellow precipitate with Ba(NO3)2 solution.
On the basis of the aforesaid characteristic informations answer the following questions :
1. Acidified solution of ‘A’, on treatment with KI gives black precipitate 'F' which dissolves in excess of
reagent forming the coloured compound 'G'. The chemical composition of 'F' and 'G' are respectively :
(A) HgI2 and [HgI4]2– (B) PbI2 and [PbI4]2– (C) BiI3 and [BiI4]– (D) CuI and CuI2.
2. The black precipitate 'F' on heating with water produces :
(A) Hg(OH)2 (B) BiOI (C) BiO.OH (D) CuO.OH
3. Select the correct statement.
(A) Aqueous solution of 'A' reacts with AgNO 3 solution to give white precipitate which turns into yellow
on treatment with sodium arsenite.
(B) Aqueous solution of 'A' produces white precipitate with sodium hydroxide which turns into yellowish-
white on boiling.
(C) White turbidity 'E' is soluble in dilute mineral acids.
(D) All of these.

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)
Comprehension # 2
A student was given a sample of colourless solution containing three cations and was asked to identify
the cations. Student carried out a series of reactions as given below.

4. Precipitates ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ are respectively :

(A) Al(OH)3, BaSO4 and AgCl (B) AgCl, BaSO4 and Zn(OH)2
(C) AgCl, Ca(OH)2 and ZnSO4 (D) ZnCl2, BaSO4 and Al(OH)3
5. White precipitate 'A' is not soluble in :
(A) NH3 (B) dilute HCl (C) KCN (D) Na2S2O3
6. Which of the following statement is correct ?
(A) Precipitate 'C' forms Rinmann's green in Co(NO3)2 test.
(B) Precipitate 'B' is appreciably soluble in boiling concentrated H 2SO4.
(C) Precipitate (A) on exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet radiations turns black.
(D) All of these.
Comprehension # 3
Answer Q.7, Q.8 and Q.9 by appropriately matching the information given in the three columns
of the following table.
In Column-1 cation are given while in Column-2 reagent are given which is used for test and
in Column-3 observation are given. [Consider each solution to be aqueous unless stated.]
Column-1 Column-2 Column-3
(I) Bi3+ (i) NH3 (P) Black / white precipitate is obtained.
(II) Cu2+ (ii) KI (Q) Blue / Brown precipitate is obtained.
(III) Fe3+ (iii) KCN (R) Form soluble complex in excess reagent.
(IV) Zn2+ (iv) K4[Fe(CN)6] (S) Redox reaction take place.
7. The only incorrect combination is:
(A) (I) (ii) (P) (B) (II) (ii) (S) (C) (II) (ii) (R) (D) (III) (iii) (R)
8. The only correct combination is:
(A) (II) (ii) (R) (B) (III) (ii) (Q) (C) (III) (i) (R) (D) (II) (iii) (S)
9. The only incorrect combination is:
(A) (III) (iv) (Q) (B) (IV) (ii) (P) (C) (I) (i) (P) (D) (IV) (i) (R)

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

1. A metal nitrate reacts with KI to give a black precipitate which on addition of excess of KI is converted
into orange colour solution. The cation of the metal nitrate is : [JEE - 2005, 3/84]
(A) Hg2+ (B) Bi3+ (C) Pb2+ (D) Cu+
2. In the given reaction sequence, Identify (A) and (B).
 
Fe3+ 
SCN
 A 
F (excess)
 colourless(B)
(Excess) Blood red

(a) Write the IUPAC name of (A) and (B).

(b) Find out the spin only magnetic moment of B. [JEE 2005, 4/144]
3. A white precipitate is obtained when a solution is diluted with H 2O and boiled. On addition of excess
NH4Cl/NH4OH, the volume of precipitate decreases leaving behind a white gelatinous precipitate.
Identify the precipitate which dissolves in ammonia solution or NH 4Cl. [JEE 2006, 3/184]
(A) Al(OH)3 (B) Zn(OH)2 (C) Mg(OH)2 (D) Ca(OH)2
4. In blue solution of copper sulphate excess of KCN is added then solution becomes colourless due to
the formation of : [JEE 2006, 3/184]
(A) [Cu(CN)4]2– (B) Cu2+ get reduced to form [Cu(CN)4]3–
(C) Cu(CN)2 (D) CuCN

5. MgSO4 + NH4OH + Na2HPO4  white crystalline precipitate. The formula of crystalline precipitate
is: [JEE 2006, 3/184]
(A) MgCl2. MgSO4 (B) MgSO4 (C) Mg(NH4)PO4 (D) Mg(PO4)2

6. A solution of a metal ion when treated with K gives a red precipitate which dissolves in excess K to
give a colourless solution. Moreover, the solution of metal ion on treatment with a solution of cobalt(II)
thiocyanate gives rise to a deep blue crystalline precipitate. The metal ion is : [JEE - 2007, 3/162]
(A) Pb2+ (B) Hg2+ (C) Cu2+ (D) Co2+
7.* A solution of colourless salt H on boiling with excess NaOH produces a non-flammable gas. The gas
evolution ceases after some time. On addition of Zn dust to the same solution, the gas evolution
restarts. The colourless salt(s) H is (are) : [JEE 2008, 4/163]
(A) NH4NO3 (B) NH4NO2 (C) NH4Cl (D) (NH4)2SO4

Paragraph for Question Nos. 8 to 10

p-Amino-N, N-dimethylaniline is added to a strongly acidic solution of X. The resulting solution is treated
with a few drops of aqueous solution of Y to yield blue coloration due to the formation of methylene
blue. Treatment of the aqueous solution of Y with the reagent potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) leads to
the formation of an intense blue precipitate. The precipitate dissolves on excess addition of the reagent.
Similarly, treatment of the solution of Y with the solution of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) leads to a
brown coloration due to the formation of Z.
8. The compound X is : [JEE 2009, 4/160]
(A) NaNO3 (B) NaCl (C) Na2SO4 (D) Na2S
9. The compound Y is : [JEE 2009, 4/160]
(A) MgCl2 (B) FeCl2 (C) FeCl3 (D) ZnCl2
10. The compound Z is : [JEE 2009, 4/160]
(A) Mg2[Fe(CN)6] (B) Fe[Fe(CN)6] (C) Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 (D) K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)
Paragraph for Question Nos. 11 to 13
When a metal rod M is dipped into an aqueous colourless concentrated solution of compound N the
solution turns light blue. Addition of aqueous NaCl to the blue solution gives a white precipitate O.
Addition of aqueous NH3 dissolves O and gives an intense blue solution.
11. The metal rod M is : [JEE 2011, 3/180]
(A) Fe (B) Cu (C) Ni (D) Co
12. The compound N is : [JEE 2011, 3/180]
(A) AgNO3 (B) Zn(NO3)2 (C) Al(NO3)3 (D) Pb(NO3)2
13. The final solution contains [JEE 2011, 3/180]
(A) [Pb(NH3)4]2+ and [CoCl4]2– (B) [Al(NH3)4]3+ and [Cu(NH3)4]2+
(C) [Ag(NH3)2]+ and [Cu(NH3)4]2+ (D) [Ag(NH3)2]+ and [Ni(NH3)6]2+
14. Passing H2S gas into a mixture of Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions in an acidified aqueous solution
precipitates:
[JEE 2011, 3/180]
(A) CuS and HgS (B) MnS and CuS (C) MnS and NiS (D) NiS and HgS
15.* The equilibrium, 2CuI Cu0 + CuII
in aqueous medium at 25° C shifts towards the left in the presence of : [JEE 2011, 4/180]
(A) NO3– (B) Cl– (C) SCN– (D) CN–
16.* For the given aqueous reaction which of the statement(s) is (are) true ? [JEE 2012, 4/136]

(A) The first reaction is a redox reaction

(B) White precipitate is Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2
(C) Addition of filtrate to starch solution gives blue colour.
(D) White precipitate is soluble in NaOH solution
17. Upon treatment with ammoniacal H2S, the metal ion that precipitates as a sulphide is :
[JEE(Advanced) 2013, 2/120]
(A) Fe(III) (B) Al (III) (C) Mg(II) (D) Zn(II)

Paragraph for Question 18 and 19

An aqueous solution of a mixture of two inorganic salts, when treated with dilute HCl, gave a precipitate
(P) and a filtrate (Q). The precipitate P was found to dissolve in hot water. The filtrate (Q) remained
unchanged, when treated with H2S in a dilute mineral acid medium. However, it gave a precipitate (R)
with H2S in an ammoniacal medium. The precipitate R gave a coloured solution (S), when treated with
H2O2 in an aqueous NaOH medium.

18. The precipitate P contains [JEE(Advanced) 2013, 3/120]

(A) Pb2+ (B) Hg22+ (C) Ag+ (D) Hg2+
19. The coloured solution S contains [JEE(Advanced) 2013, 3/120]
(A) Fe2(SO4)3 (B) CuSO4 (C) ZnSO4 (D) Na2CrO4
20. Among PbS, CuS, HgS, MnS, Ag2S, NiS, CoS, Bi2S3 and SnS2, the total number of BLACK coloured
sulphides is : [JEE(Advanced) 2014, 3/120]

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)
Paragraph For question 21 to 22
An aqueous solution of metal ion M1 reacts separately with reagents Q and R in excess to give
tetrahedral and square planar complexes, respectively. An aqueous solution of another metal ion M2
always forms tetrahedral complexes with these reagents. Aqueous solution of M2 on reaction with
reagent S gives white precipitate which dissolves in excess of S. The reactions are summarized in the
scheme given below :
SCHEME:
Tetrahedral  Q
 M1 
excess
R
 Square planar
excess

Tetrahedral Q
 M2 R
 Tetrahedral
excess excess

S, stoichiometric amount

White precipitate S

 precipitate dissolves
excess

21. M1, Q and R, respectively are [JEE(Advanced) 2014, 3/120]

(A) Zn2+, KCN and HCl (B) Ni2+, HCl and KCN
(C) Cd2+, KCN and HCl (D) Co2+, HCl and KCN
22. Reagent S is [JEE(Advanced) 2014, 3/120]
(A) K4[Fe(CN)6] (B) Na2HPO4 (C) K2CrO4 (D) KOH
23.* The pair(s) of ions where BOTH the ions are precipitated upon passing H 2S gas in presence of dilute
HCl, is(are) [JEE(Advnaced) 2015, 4/168]
(A) Ba2+, Zn2+ (B) Bi3+, Fe3+ (C) Cu2+, Pb2+ (D) Hg2+, Bi3+

24. In the following reaction sequence in aqueous solution, the species X, Y and Z, respectively, are
[JEE(Advanced) 2016, 4/120]
+ +
S2 O32– Ag Ag with time
X Y Y
Clear white black
solution precipitate precipitate

(A) [Ag(S2O3)2]3–, Ag2S2O3, Ag2S (B) [Ag(S2O3)3]5–, Ag2SO3,Ag2S

(C) [Ag(SO3)2]3–, Ag2S2O3, Ag (D) [Ag(SO3)3]3–, Ag2SO4,Ags

24.* The correct option(s) to distinguish nitrate salts of Mn2+ and Cu2+ taken separately is (are)
[JEE(Advanced) 2018, 4/120]
(A) Mn2+ show the characteristic green colour in the flame test
(B) Only Cu2+ show the formation of precipitate by passing H2S in acidic medium
(C) Only Mn2+ show the formation of precipitate by passing H2S in faintly basic medium
(D) Cu2+/Cu has higher reduction potential than Mn2+/Mn (measured under similar conditions)

PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

JEE(MAIN) OFFLINE PROBLEMS
1. Which one of the following statement is correct ? [AIEEE 2003, 3/225]
(1) From a mixed precipitate of AgCl and AgI, ammonia solution dissolves only AgCl.
(2) Ferric ions gave a deep green precipitate on adding potassium ferrocyanide solution.
(3) On boiling a solution having K+, Ca2+ and HCO3– ions we get a precipitate of K2Ca(CO3)2.
(4) Manganese salts give a violet borax bead test in the reducing flame .

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)
2. A red solid is insoluble in water. However it becomes soluble if some K is added to water. Heating the
red solid in a test tube results in liberation of some violet coloured fumes and droplets of a metal appear
on the cooler parts of the test tube. The red solid is : [AIEEE 2003, 3/225]
(1) (NH4)2 Cr2O7 (2) Hg2 (3) HgO (4) Pb3O4.

3. Which of the following compounds is not colored yellow ? [JEE(Main) 2015, 4/120]
(1) Zn2[Fe(CN)6] (2) K3[Co(NO2)6]
(3) (NH4)3[As(Mo3O10)4] (4) BaCrO4

4. Sodium salt of an organic acid ‘X’ produces effervescence with conc. H 2SO4. ‘X’ reacts with the
acidified aqueous CaCl2 solution to give a white precipitate which decolourises acidic solution of
KMnO4. ‘X’ is: [JEE(Main) 2017, 4/120]
(1) HCOONa (2) CH3COONa (3) Na2C2O4 (4) C6H5COONa

JEE(MAIN) ONLINE PROBLEMS

1. The cation that will not be precipitated by H2S in the presence of dil HCl is:
[JEE(Main) 2015 Online (10-04-15), 4/120]
(1) Pb2+ (2) As3+ (3) Co2+ (4) Cu2+

2. An aqueous solution of a salt X turns blood red on treatment with SCN – and blue on treatment with
K4[Fe(CN)6]. X also gives a positive chromyl chloride test. The salt X is :
[JEE(Main) 2015 Online (10-04-15), 4/120]
(1) CuCl2 (2) Cu(NO3)2 (3) FeCl3 (4) Fe(NO3)3

3. When concentrated HCl is added to an aqueous solution of CoCl 2, its colour changes from reddish pink
to deep blue. Which complex ion gives blue colour in this reaction?
[JEE(Main) 2015 Online (11-04-15), 4/120]
(1) [CoCl4]2– (2) [CoCl6]3– (3) [CoCl6]4– (4) [Co(H2O)6]2+

4. A pink coloured salt turns blue on heating. The presence of which cation is most likely ?
[JEE(Main) 2015 Online (11-04-15), 4/120]
(1) Co2+ (2) Cu 2+ (3) Zn 2+ (4) Fe2+

5. A solution containing a group-IV cation gives a precipitate on passing H2S. A solution of this precipitate
in dil. HCl produces a white precipitate with NaOH solution and bluish-white precipitate with basic
potassium ferrocyanide. The cation is : [JEE(Main) 2017 Online (08-04-17), 4/120]
(1) Mn2+ (2) Zn2+ (3) Co2+ (4) Ni2+

6. The incorrect statement is : [JEE(Main) 2018 Online (16-04-18), 4/120]

(1) Cu2+ ion gives chocolate coloured precipitate with potassium ferrocyanide solution.
(2) Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions give black precipitate with H2S in presence of HCl solution.
(3) Ferric ion gives blood red colour with potassium thiocyanate.
(4) Cu2+ salts give red coloured borax bead test in reducing flame.

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)

EXERCISE - 1
PART - I
A-1. PbCl2 is soluble in hot water and it also dissolves in concentrated HCl and KCl solutions forming soluble
complex. ; PbCl2 + 2HCl  H2PbCl4 (soluble complex).
A-2. Pb2+ + H2S (atmospheric)  PbS (black) + 2H+.
A-3. PbCl2 + 2KI  PbI2(yellow) + 2KCl ; PbCl2 + H2S  PbS (Black)
PbI2 + KI(Conc.) K2(PbI4) (aq)
yellow precipitate of Pbl2 dissolves in excess KI(conc.) and give PbI42– , ppt reappears on dilution.
A-4. Hg2Cl2 + 2 NH4OH  HgNH2Cl  (white)  Hg  (black) + NH4Cl + 2 H2O
black
Disproportionation reaction.
A-5. Hg22+ + 2OH–  Hg2O  (black) + H2O
Hg2O   HgO  + Hg  (grey) ; Disproportionation reaction.

A-6.
Hg22  2 – 
Hg22 
green

A-7. AgI + 2CN–  [Ag(CN)2]– + I–, AgI + 2S2O32–  [Ag(S2O3)2]3– + I–

for formation of soluble complex
A-8. (A) is AgBr (present in photographic plate)
AgBr + 2Na2S2O3  Na3[Ag(S2O3)2] + NaBr
soluble
(B)

NH3
[Ag(NH3 )2 Cl]  HClHNO3
 AgCl   Ag2S
(E) (D) (C)
B-1. With Na2S, along with 2nd group cations, some cations of higher groups i.e., III rd and IVth groups may
be precipitated because the higher concentration of S 2– ions is obtained according to following reaction.
Na2S 2 Na+ + S2–
To precipitate II group cations lower concentration of S2– ions is required (because of low Ksp of IInd
nd

group sulphides) and this can be obtained easily by H2S in presence of dilute HCl.
H2S 2 H+ + S2– ; HCl H+ + Cl–
Due to common ion effect the ionisation of H2S is suppressed and the concentration of S2– ions
obtained is just sufficient to precipitate the cations of II nd group.
B-2. Yes, Hg2+ + 2OH– HgO + H2O
yellow
Hg22+ + 2OH– Hg2O + H2O
black
B-3. It turns yellowish–white owing to the formation of BiO.OH .
Bi(OH)3  BiO.OH  + H2O
B-4. (A) : CuSO4 (B) : BaSO4 (C) : CuCl2 (D) : (CuI + I3–)
(E) (CuI + I– + S4O62–) (F) Cu2[Fe(CN)6]

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)
C-1. Presence of Sb3+ or Bi3+, their chloride hydrolyse to oxychlorides in presence of excess of water.
BiCl3 + H2O BiOCl + 2HCl
SbCl3 + H2O SbOCl + 2HCl
C-2. HNO3 is a powerful oxidising solution. Causing confusion with CdS, AS 2S3 (both yellow ppt). Colloidal
solution can not be filtered causing unnecessary trouble.
H
C-3. AsCl3 (x) + 3H2S 
 As2S3  (yellow) + 6HCl
3As2S3 + 28HNO3+4H2O  6H3AsO4(y) + 18H + 9SO2–
4 + 28 NO

 H3 AsO4(y) + 12 NH4MoO4+21 HNO3  (NH4) AsO4.12MoO3(yellow) +21 NH4NO3+12H2O

C-4. (A) is SnCl2
D-1. Fe2+ salt are oxidised to Fe3+ salt by boiling with conc. HNO3, before adding NH4Cl and NH4OH,
otherwise Fe2+ would not be precipitated in group .
D-2. Only Fe(II) salts give soluble red iron(II) dimethylglyoxime in ammonical solution.
D-3. (i) White precipitate, K2Fe[Fe(CN)6] and (ii) Pale blue precipitate.
E-1. Mn2+ + 2 NH3 + 2 H2O Mn(OH)2  (white) + NH4+ .
In presence of ammonium salts, the reaction proceeds in backward direction.
E-2. Zn2+ + 2 NH3 + 2 H2O Zn(OH)2 + 2 NH4+
–
It is due to the lowering of OH ion concentration because of common ion effect of NH 4+ to such a value
that the Ksp of Zn(OH)2 is not attained.
E-3. 

 Cu2+ + [Hg(SCN)4]2– Cu[Hg(SCN)4]

* In the presence of the copper ions, the copper complex Co-precipitated with that of zinc complex and
colour become violet
E-4. (A) : Zn (NO3)2 (B) : NO2 + O2 (C) : ZnO (D) : ZnS

F-1. Hg2ONH2I or or . HgO

F-2. A yellow precipitate of ammonium cobaltinitrite is formed.

3 NH4+ + Na3[Co(NO2)6]  (NH4)3 [Co(NO2)6] (yellow) + 3 Na+
F-3. Mg2+ ions will also be precipitated.
F-4. Sr2+ + NH4+ + SO42–  SrSO4  (white) + NH4+
Ca2+ + 2 NH4+ + 2 SO42–  (NH4)2[Ca(SO4)2] (soluble complex).
F-5. White precipitate is obtained.
Ca2+ + 2K+ + [Fe(CN)6]4–  K2Ca[Fe(CN)6] 
PART - II
A-1. (C) A-2. (B) A-3. (C) A-4. (B) A-5. (C)
A-6. (A) B-1. (C) B-2. (C) B-3. (A) B-4. (C)
B-5. (A) B-6. (D) B-7. (C) B-8. (B) B-9. (D)
C-1. (D) C-2. (B) D-1. (D) D-2. (B) D-3. (B)
D-4. (B) D-5. (C) E-1. (A) E-2. (C) E-3. (B)
E-4. (D) E-5. (A) E-6. (D) F-1. (D) F-2. (C)
F-3. (C) F-4. (B) F-5. (C) F-6. (C) F-7. (C)
PART - III
1. (A - p,q,r ; B - r,s ; C - p,q,r,s,t ; D - p,s) 2. (A - p,q ; B - p,s ; C - s ; D - p,r)

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 Qualitative Analysis (Cations)
EXERCISE - 2
PART - I
1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (D)
6. (D) 7. (D) 8. (B) 9. (D) 10. (D)
11. (C) 12. (D) 13. (C) 14. (B) 15. (A)
16. (C) 17. (C)
PART - II
1. 3 (Hg22+, Pb2+, Ag+) 2. 4 3. 4 4. 2
5. 3 (a,b,c) 6. 3 (I, IV, V) 7. 20 8. a = 6 ; b = 3 (a + b = 9)
9. 5 (i), (ii), (iv), (v), (vi)

PART - III
1. (ABCD) 2. (ABC) 3. (CD) 4. (BC) 5. (ABCD)
6. (ABCD) 7. (ABC) 8. (ACD) 9. (AC) 10. (AD)
11. (ABC)

PART - IV
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. (B) 5. (B)
6. (D) 7. (C) 8. (D) 9. (B)

EXERCISE - 3
PART - I
1. (B)
2. (a) (A) = Pentaaquathiocyanato-S-iron(III) ; (B) = Hexafluoridoferrate(III) (b) 5.93 B.M.
3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (B) 7.* (AB)
8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (B) 11. (B) 12. (A)
13. (C) 14. (A) 15.* (BCD) 16.* (ACD) 17. (D)
18. (A) 19. (D) 20. 7 21. (B) 22. (D)
23.* (CD) 24. (A) 25.* (BD)

PART - II

JEE(MAIN) OFFLINE PROBLEMS

1. (1) 2. (2) 3. (1) 4. (3)

JEE(MAIN) ONLINE PROBLEMS

1. (3) 2. (3) 3. (1) 4. (1) 5. (2)
6. (2)

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