EMJ32304:

POWER ELECTRONICS 1
converter
Step-up
Chapter 3- Part 2
DC-DC Converters
Step-up (boost) Converter

Firestor
state

inductor current dalam continives don

Introduction:
steady state

• The output voltage is higher than the input voltage.

• Analysis in steady-state for continuous conduction mode:

➢ Inductor current is continuous (always positive).
➢ Capacitor is very large and the output voltage is held
constant at voltage, Vo. period switch it on B

➢ All components are ideal. Period switch off 1-D =

•The switching period is T, and switch is closed for time

DT and open for (1-D)T.
Buck converter Boost converter

·
"in until on
o

Fun
F
switch on =
DXT
Switchoff

-
Vs =
VL
V =
Vs -

Vo

v
= Vr =
L
di
T

v
---
t
L
=

i PT
vs-vo =

1
=
(vs -vo) (I -

D) T
Di =

L
Di
=
xD
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=

Dion wrjud
Dioff
.

+ = 0

#
DT
(vs-vo) (l-DT
+ =

v/PT + vsT VOT

UDT
-

+
VODT
-

=
0

VST-VOT + VoDT = 0

VsT -

VoT(1 - D) = 0

USA =
Vot (1 -

D)

Vj =
vo(1 -

D)

=
Step-up (boost) Converter
Equivalent cct:
Step-up (boost) Converter
When switch is closed: When switch is opened:

diL
vL = Vs = L
dt
iL iL Vs
= =
t DT L
V
iL (closed ) = s DT
L

Output
Voltage
Step-up (boost) Converter
F
• The input current, iin is the same as inductor current, iL .

is = iin = iL

• Average power supplied by the source is the same as average power

absorbed by the load resistor.

an

(mini
Step-up (boost) Converter

• For positive values of ILmax and ILmin, converter will operate in CCM. To
solve minimum critical inductor value that will keep the converter in
CCM, ILmin is set to zero (ILmin =0). The minimum inductor value is:

RT
Lmin = (1− D) 2 D L = 1.25 Lmin
2

-
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Step-up (boost) Converter

Inductor current

/flat
Inductor voltage

Diode current

Capacitor current
Step-up (boost) Converter >
-
kene tentukan perapa percent

riple

-
=
?

• In practice, a finite capacitance will result in some

fluctuation in the output voltage or ripple.
• The peak-to-peak output voltage ripple is calculated from
the capacitor current waveform.
• The change in capacitor charge can be calculated as:
 Step-up (boost) Converter: CCM

Example 1:

Design a boost converter that delivers 80V at 4A from

45V source voltage. The output voltage ripple should not
exceed 1% with switching frequency of 20kHz. Design
for continuous inductor current.

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component
 minute 40-

Solution:

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 minute 43

Solution:
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DCM

Wit
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Solution:
LTSPICE Verification
 minute LIS : 30

Step-up (boost) Converter: CCM

Example 2:

A boost converter has an input of 5V and an output of

25W at 15V. The minimum inductor current must be no
less than 50% of the average inductor current. The output
voltage ripple is given 1%.
With switching frequency of 50kHz, specify the values of
L and C.
Solution:
Step-up (boost) Converter: DCM roise baru

Assumptions:
• Average inductor voltage is zero. <

• Average current in the diode is the same as the loadcurrent.

ID = Io
Operation:
➢ When the switch is on, the voltage across inductor isVs.

➢ When switch is off and inductor current is positive, the inductor

voltage is Vs-Vo. The inductor current decreases until it reaches
zero and is prevented from going tonegative by the diode.

➢ When both switch and diode are off, the inductor current is zero
interventio DY
-
Depite
,

" charging
-

t
3

discharge
Step-up (boost) Converter: DCM
 Minute 4

Step-up (boost) Converter: DCM

Average voltage across

inductor:

Average diode current: 1

Max current in DCM: 2

1  Vs DT  Vo
Subs. 2 into 1 ID =   D1 =
2 L  R

 V   2L 
Solve for D1: D1 =  o  
V
 s  RDT 
Step-up (boost) Converter: DCM

Substitute D1 into to
following equation

Solve for Vo/Vs

Boost converter depends on combination of circuit parameters

(L, R, f) including duty ratio in determining the mode of its
operation.
Step-up (boost) Converter: DCM

minute5

Example 3:

The boost converter has the following parameters:

Vs=20V, D=0.6, fsw=20kHz, L=100µH, C=100µF and
R=50Ω
(a) Verify that the inductor current is discontinuous
(b) Determine the new output voltage
(c) Find the maximum inductor current.
Step-up (boost) Converter: DCM
Solution:
Step-up (boost) Converter: DCM
Solution:
LTSPICE Verification
Conclusion
✓ A boost regulator can step up the output voltage
without a transformer.
✓ Has high efficiency because of a single transistor.
✓ The input current is continuous, but a high peak
current has to flow through the power transistor.
✓ The output voltage is very sensitive to changes in
duty cycle, and it might be difficult to stabilize the
regulator.
✓ The average output current is less than the average
inductor current by a factor of (1-D) and a much higher
rms current would flow through the filter capacitor,
resulting in the use of larger filter capacitor and
inductor than those of a buck converter.
 Voice 3- 0EL
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