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Limit and Continuity

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19 views

Limit and Continuity

Uploaded by

idkimadcool
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Limit and Continuity

A Project Report
Submitted to:
Department of Mathematics
Katmnadu Model College
Bagbazaar, Kathmandu

Submitted by:
Imad Hussain #24
Awesome Neupane #12

Under Supervision Of:


Suman Gautam Sir
Acknowledgement

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor,


Suman Gautam Sir for his invaluable guidance, encouragement,
and support throughout the entire process of conducting this
project report. His expertise and mentorship have been
instrumental in shaping the direction and quality of this report. I
would also like to thank my colleagues at the Department of
Mathematics, Kathmandu Model College for their insightful
feedback and stimulating discussions that have enriched my
understanding of the project topic.

I am grateful to my friends and family for their unwavering


support and encouragement, and for always believing in me.
Their love, understanding, and motivation have been a driving
force behind my perseverance and completion of this thesis.
.
Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to all
the participants who generously shared their time and insights,
without whom this research would not have been possible.
Their contributions have been invaluable in advancing our
understanding of the research topic. In conclusion, I am deeply
grateful to all those who have contributed to the completion of
this report, and I acknowledge their efforts with sincere
appreciation.
Introduction
Limit and Continuity
A limit is a value approached by a variable quantity that
changes in some prescribed manner . This theory of limits
is the fundamental concept of calculus concerning the
behavior of a function near a particular input . This notion
of a limit has many applications in modern calculus . The
following examples may be useful to understand the limit
.
1 1 1 1
Example 1 : The function f(n) = n takes the values 2 2 4 …
, , ,

as n increases through the positive integral values 1,2,3,4


1
and so on. It is clear that the values of n goes on

decreasing and never becomes zero , no matter how


,large the value of n is chosen . But , we can observe that
1
the value of n becomes closer and closer to zero for

sufficiently large values of n . In such case we can say that


the function f(x) approaches 0 and it’s the limit
Example 2 :

In the above Figures , the area of the regular polygon is


increasing and the area of the polygons cannot exceed the area
of the circle . So we can say that the the area of the polygons
approach the area of the circle and hence the area of the circle is
the limit if the area of the polygon.
Historical Background
In the late 17th century, Sir Isaac Newton(1642-1727) and
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz(1646-1716) independently
developed calculus, introducing ideas closely tied to limits
and continuity to describe motion and change. Newton used
limits implicitly in his concept of "fluxions" to understand
rates of change, while Leibniz relied on infinitesimals to
describe quantities that were infinitely small but not zero.
Although their methods were powerful for solving problems,
they lacked the formal rigor we use today. Despite this, their
pioneering work laid the foundation for modern calculus,
making limits and continuity essential tools in modern
Mathematics.

Sir Isaac Newton Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

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