SYSTEMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM WITH LAND MOISTURE

DETECTION

FOR PANPACIFIC UNIVERSITY

A Capstone Project Presented to the Faculty Of the

Information & technology and Computer Science

Engineering-Computing Academy

of Science and Technology

Panpacific University

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

In Partial Fulfilment

Of the Requirements for the Degree BATCHELOR OF SCIENCE

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

By

CYZRAH JANNA NICA ABOGA

ANGELA ESTRADA

STEPHEN KLIEN COLOMA

DONALD GEORGE CAMPOS

DECEMBER 2024
 APPROVAL SHEET

This capstone project entitled “Systematic Watering Plant System with Moisture Detector
for Panpacific University” prepared and submitted

by Cyzrah Janna Nica Aboga, Angela Estrada, Stephen Klien Coloma, Donald George
Campos, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, has been examined and is

recommended for acceptance and approval.

DANIEL VILLIANO

Adviser

APPROVED BY

NAME OF PANEL 1 NAME OF PANEL 2

Panel Evaluator Panel Evaluator

NAME OF PANEL 3

Panel Evaluator

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of

Science in Information Technology.

JANE M. FERNANDEZ, DIT

Dean, School of Engineering-Computing Academy of Science and Technology

 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY, CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND FUNDING

This capstone project is original and has not been submitted for another

degree. All sources used in this project have been properly acknowledged or

properly cited.

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in this capstone

project. The authors have not received any funding from any source in the course of

completing this capstone project.

CYZRAH JANNA NICA ABOGA

ANGELA ESTRADA

STEPHEN KLIEN COLOMA

DONALD GEORGE CAMPOS

 ENGLISH EDITORIAL CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the undersigned has thoroughly reviewed and gone through all

the pages of the manuscript of the research project detailed below and has found it

acceptable with respect to grammatical rules governing proper English language

composition.

Name of Researchers:

CYZRAH JANA NICA ABOGA

ANGELA ESTRADA

STEPHEN KLIEN COLOMA

DONALD GEORGE CAMPOS

Program:

BATCHELOR OF SCIENCE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Editor Name
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Create your Capstone acknowledgement, must be in-order.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ………………………………………………………………………….. i

APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………………………………………..…… ii

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY, CONFLICT OF INTEREST

AND FINDING …………………………………………………………..…………... iii

ENGLISH EDITORIAL CERTIFICATE ………………………………………..……. iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………………………. v

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………..…. vi

List of Tables ……………………………………………………………….. viii

List of Figures ……………………………………………………………...... ix

ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………. x

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………….. 1

Project Overview ……………………………………………………………........... 1

Background of the Study ……………………………………………….……....... 2

Description of the Project …………………………………………………......... 4

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………...... 4

Conceptual Frameworks ……………………………………………..……........ 5

Scope and Limitation…………………………………………………………….... 8

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND …………………………………………………........ 6

Hardware ……………………………………………………………..……............… 7

Software ………………………………………………………………….................. 6
CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY …………………………………………………… 9

Research Design ………...…………………………………………………. 9

Software Development Methodology …………………………………… 10

Source of Data ………………………………………………………………. 11

Data Gathering Techniques …………………………………………….… 11

Data Gathering Tools …………………………………………………….... 12

Ethical Considerations …………………………………………………..... 12

Treatment of Data …………………………………………………….….... 12

 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

1 Paradigm of the Study ...................................................................................... 5

2 Hardware Requirements ................................................................................. 7

3 Software Requirements ................................................................................... 6

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

1. Agile Methodology …….……................................................. 10

 SYSTEMATIC WATERING PLANT SYSTEM WITH MOISTURE DETECTOR

Cyzrah Janna Nica B. Aboga

Engineering-Computing Academy of Science & Technology, Panpacific University

Sta. Maria, Pangasinan

[email protected]

Angela F. Estrada

Engineering-Computing Academy of Science & Technology, Panpacific University

Sta. Maria, Pangasinan

[email protected]

Stephen Klien A. Coloma

Engineering-Computing Academy of Science & Technology, Panpacific University

Pinmaludpod, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan

[email protected]

Donald George Campos

Engineering-Computing Academy of Science & Technology, Panpacific University

Caaringayan, Laoac, Pangasinan

[email protected]
 ABSTRACT

Watering is the most important cultural practice and most labor intensive task in daily
greenhouse operation. Watering systems ease the burden of getting water to plants when
they need it. Knowing when and how much to water is two important aspects of
watering process. To make the gardener works easily, the automatic plant watering system
is created. There have a various type using automatic watering system that are by using
sprinkler system, tube, nozzles and other. This system uses Arduino UNO board, which
consists of ATmega328 microcontroller. It is programmed in such a way that it will sense
the moisture level of the plants and supply the water if required. This type of system is
often used for general plant care, as part of caring for small and large gardens.
Normally, the plants need to be watered twice daily, morning and evening. So, the
microcontroller has to be coded to water the plants in the greenhouse about two times per
day. However for most people it becomes challenging to keep them healthy and alive. This
system automation is designed to be assistive for the University Park. This system hopes
that through this prototype people will enjoy having plants without the challenges related
to absent or forgetfulness.

Keywords: Systematic Watering System with land moisture detection , Arduino UNO
board, relay module,and power supply .
 Introduction 1

INTRODUCTION

PROJECT OVERVIEW

Arduino is an open source electronics, electronic platform based on easy to use hardware
and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs light of sensor, a finger on a button,
or a Twitter messages,- and turn it into an output activating on a motor, turning on an
LED, publishing something online. Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands
of projects, from everyday objects to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide
community of markers has gathered around this open source platform, their
contributions have add to up an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be
of great help to novices and experts alike.

Arduino was born at the Lvrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool for fast
prototyping, aimed at students without a background in electronics and programming. As
soon as it reached a wider community, the Arduino board started changing to adapt to
new needs and challenges, differentiating its offer from simple 8-bit boards to products
for IoT application, wearable, 3D printing, and embedded environments. All arduino
boards are completely open-source, empowering users to build them independently and
eventually adapt them to their particular needs. The software too, is open-source, and it
is growing through the contributions of users worldwide. Everyday especially during
summer days, most of the people are too busy for the vacation and the household do not
have enough time to water the plants every day. in there systems, the proponents help the
gardeners to lessen the time of household activity or not to worry about the plants when
the gardeners or the household are on vacation.

Introduction 2

BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Throughout history, several improvements have occurred to make man’s existence

comfortable. Many sectors, particularly agriculture, are taking advantage of these
innovations to address difficulties in their fields. In the article entitled How Digital
Technology is changing Agriculture states that, “Technology and new digital tools are
helping farmers use more precise amounts of water, fertilizers and keep a better control of
their operations”. Through these technological advancements, farmers are able to
improve their yields while conserving resources, more quickly identify areas of their
fields that require attention, collect and categorize data, and more . Methods of watering
in Agriculture has been changing constantly as technology is also. Watering is the most vital
cultural activity and most labor intensive chore in everyday farming operations. Farmers
want to be able to adjust the quantity of water that reaches their plants regardless of the
weather, whether it’s too hot and dry or too overcast and damp. Even though farmers now
have it in a modern manner such as using motor water pumps that uses fuels to pump
water. As a result, farmers embraced this modernization but there are still gaps and issues
that technology might address in a more effective approach. With this, the researcher
proposed a system, specifically an Automated Plant Watering System using Arduino.
 The system seeks to efficiently maintain an optimal moisture level for plants,
ensuring consistent growth and maximum productivity. The study's results will benefit the
following: This study will also be valuable for the environment. Effectively using this
technology to plant many trees and plants will benefit our society because we are
promoting water conservation and helping the environment become greener and healthier
(Balleza, Etthan Roy A. et al., 2024)

The project was created with the intention of helping those who, because of a
hectic schedule or extended absence, are unable to care for indoor plants. While the system
is capable of taking care of plants on its own, it was designed to act as a helper so that the
user could continue to pursue their interest of gardening while also taking a break from
their hectic city life. The entire system is responsible for carrying out a number of duties,
including remote plant watering, pesticide application, and regular user updates (Rahatil
Bin Mostafiz et al., 2022)

Introduction 3

The study according to Lopez, Adrienne Keisha Margaret D. et al., (2024) aims to
create a automatic plant watering system with a moisture sensor using an Arduino Uno.
The system seeks to efficiently maintain an optimal moisture level for plants, ensuring
consistent growth and maximum productivity. The study's results will benefit the
following: This study will also be valuable for the environment. Effectively using this
technology to plant many trees and plants will benefit our society because we are
promoting water conservation and helping the environment become greener and healthier.
Watering is the most vital cultural activity and most labor-intensive chore in everyday
farming operations. Farmers want to be able to adjust the quantity of water that reaches
their plants regardless of the weather, whether it’s too hot and dry or too overcast and
damp. (John Michael G. Cadao et al., 2020)

Traditional manual irrigation methods in India are often inefficient, leading to water
wastage and crop damage. An automated watering irrigation system offers a solution by
using soil moisture sensors to precisely control water delivery to plant roots. This
technology ensures that plants receive the right amount of water at the right time, saving
water and improving crop yields. (Antor Mahamudul Hashan, Abdullah Haidar., 2021)
 According to (Jazelle Paula M. Bathan et al., 2023) Manual irrigation systems do not
promote water conservation that result to too much water or too small amount of water in
the soil thus poor plant growth. Automated irrigation systems are capable of determining
and maintaining the right amount water for the soil.

The proposed Systematic Plant Watering System uses a soil moisture sensor to detect
the soil’s moisture level if the soils become dry, the sensor detects a low moisture level and
activates the water pump, which supplies water to the plant. When the plant receives
enough water and the soil becomes wet, the sensor detects enough moisture in the soil.
The water will thereafter be turned off automatically. The system also consists of the
following components such as temperature sensors and humidity sensors to give a more
efficient and accurate outputs. Systematic plant watering system seek to increase
agricultural productivity while reducing the environmental impact of crops by applying
water at the right time. SGG 6 also known as clean water and sanitation .

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The Systematic Watering Plant System with Moisture Detector is made to take care of
plants by checking the soil's wetness and turning on the water when needed. It uses a
sensor to measure the soil's moisture, and it starts the water flow when the sensor finds
that the soil is too dry. This system makes sure that plants get the right amount of water
regularly. By combining the modern sensor technology, sustainability features like solar
energy use and smart automation that gives efficient solution that exceed the traditional
watering systems. Whether for gardens from universities, garden from home, and for
farming because it is advance technology that everyone needed. It is design as a modern
technology that offers flexibility, ease to use and environmentally friendly.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to create a systematic plant watering system with a moisture sensor
using Arduino Uno; it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of effectiveness of the Systematic Plant Watering System with Moisture
detector Using Arduino Uno in terms of convenience and detecting moisture levels of the
plant’s soil?

2. How can a soil moisture detector help in preventing overwatering of plants?

3. Why is it important to monitor soil moisture levels in real-time for effective irrigation?

4. Is there a significant difference between automatic watering systems and manual

watering of plants in terms of the time it takes to water them and the height of the plants?

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 Table 1.Paradigm of the Study

6
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
The Systematic Plant Watering System with Land Moisture Detection will be developed
using a variety of technologies, hardware parts, and software tools. This section lists the
gear and software required for the project's successful completion. In order to maximize
water utilization for plant care, this project aims to develop an automated irrigation system
that uses land moisture sensors to identify soil dryness and initiate a watering mechanism.

Software Requirements

Arduino

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is the primary software tool for
this project, enabling the creation, compilation, and upload of code for irrigation and soil
moisture detection systems.

Fritzing

Fritzing will be utilized for design and simulation before physical circuit implementation,
aiding in visualizing hardware configuration, ensuring proper component connections, and
ensuring circuit operation.

Proteus (Optional)

Proteus enables simulation of Arduino, sensors, and actuators interactions, reducing errors
during hardware deployment by verifying system behavior in a virtual environment.

Hardware Requirements

Arduino Uno

The Arduino Uno will be the primary microcontroller for the project, handling the solenoid
valve, processing moisture sensor data, and overseeing sensor-to-system connection.
Soil Moisture Sensor

The soil moisture sensor determines soil moisture levels, and the Arduino uses this data to
determine if the soil needs watering based on a predetermined threshold.

Watering Mechanism (Solenoid Valve or Water Pump)

A solenoid valve or water pump regulates plant water flow, connected to an Arduino via a
relay or transistor, adjusting the watering schedule based on soil moisture measurements.

Relay Module

The water pump or solenoid valve's on/off status will be managed by a relay module.
Between the low-voltage Arduino and the higher-voltage parts, such the pump or valve, the
relay serves as an interface.

Power Supply

The Arduino board, sensors, and watering mechanism require a 5V or 12V power supply
for proper functioning, depending on the parts.

Other Components

Additional components required for the system include:

Jumper wires for connecting components

Breadboard for prototyping the circuit
Water pipes and connectors (for the watering mechanism)
LEDs (optional, for status indication)

Hardware Requirements Description

 Arduino Uno Main microcontroller to process sensor data and
control watering system

Soil Moisture Sensor Detects soil moisture levels

Solenoid Valve / Water Pump Controls water flow to the plants based on moisture
levels

Relay Module Interfaces the Arduino with the watering mechanism

5V or 12V Power Supply Powers the Arduino and other components

Jumper Wires & Breadboard Used for building the circuit

The Systematic Plant Watering System with Land Moisture Detection is an automated
irrigation system designed to optimize water use for plant care. It uses sensors to detect
soil dryness and triggers watering, reducing manual intervention and ensuring continuous
operation and effective water management.

The hardware for a Systematic Plant Watering System with Land Moisture Detection
includes the use of Arduino Uno as a central controller, soil moisture sensors for soil
moisture detection, and a watering mechanism. Additional hardware includes a relay
module, power supply, jumper wire, breadboard, and LED. The study also covers the

connection between Arduino and moisture sensor data, optimizing water usage, and the
limitations of sensor calibration and moisture sensor data.

CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

This study's methodology section describes the steps and methods used to create the
Systematic Plant Watering System with Land Moisture Detection using Arduino. This
chapter offers a thorough explanation of the research concept, software development
process, data gathering techniques, and other important elements that go into the project's
overall structure.
Research Design

For this investigation, a descriptive and experimental research design was used. In addition
to proving the Systematic Plant Watering System's efficacy in practical situations, the main
objective of this design is to characterize its performance and usefulness. Additionally, data
on soil moisture content, system performance, and user opinions regarding the automated
watering procedure will be gathered for the study. According to Smith et al. (2021), a
methodical experimental strategy helps guarantee that the plant watering system
efficiently controls water distribution and monitors soil moisture levels. An empirical
methodology will be used in this study, with an emphasis on collecting data in real time and
calibrating the system to attain peak performance.

Methodology 10

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY

 Figure 1. AGILE Methodology Model

This project's software development approach is founded on the Agile Model, which
encourages incremental and iterative development. Flexibility made possible by the Agile
methodology permits ongoing system enhancement based on real-time testing and
feedback. The development process will consist of several phases:

1. During the planning and requirements gathering phase, the software requirements for
the plant watering system, such as the design of the user interface and the integration of
sensor data, will be gathered.

2. Using Arduino and related software platforms, such as the Arduino IDE for coding, a
system prototype will be created.

Methodology 11

3. Development and Testing: The system will be built with sensors such as the capacitive
soil moisture sensor and relay modules that activate the watering mechanism. C++
programming will be done in the Arduino IDE.

4. Deployment and Evaluation: Following system deployment, tests and evaluations will be
conducted to gauge the system's performance under various environmental circumstances.
5. Updating the system and doing post-deployment maintenance will guarantee that it
continues to function well over time, taking user input into account for future
improvements. This methodology aligns with existing research on smart irrigation systems,
where flexibility and adaptability in development were crucial for optimal performance
(Johnson & Lee, 2019).

Source of Data

The primary source of data for this project will be field tests on a variety of plant species,
including ornamental plants, common garden plants, and succulents. The main goals of
these experiments are to measure the soil's moisture content, system responses, and the
precision of watering cycles based on soil conditions. A table summarizing the data sources
is as follows.

Data Gathering Techniques

Direct sensor readings and user surveys will be used to collect data. Capacitive moisture
sensors will be used to measure the soil's moisture content, and Arduino logs will be used
to record the system's operation. A pilot study will also be carried out to find out what
users anticipate from the system.

Method of the Survey: User opinions regarding the effectiveness and usability of the
watering system will be gathered through the survey. The majority of the questions will be
quantitative, rating system performance on a Likert scale.

Methodology 12

Data Gathering Tools

The main tools for data gathering will include:

1. Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensors – Used to measure soil moisture levels.

2. Arduino Board – The microcontroller used to process sensor data and control watering
mechanisms.

3. User Survey – An online questionnaire will be administered to users to evaluate the

system’s effectiveness.

4. Logging Software – Used to track real-time data from the Arduino system.

Data Gathering Process

The data collection process will follow these steps:

1. Initial Setup: Install the sensors and Arduino system in the designated plant pots.

2. Testing Phase: Run the system for a set period, collecting moisture data and system
performance metrics.

3. User Survey: After a predefined testing period, users will complete the survey to provide
feedback on the system's usability.

4. Data Logging: Continuously log sensor data and Arduino outputs to evaluate system
responsiveness to moisture levels.

5. Data Analysis: Analyze the moisture levels and user responses to identify any patterns or
issues.

Treatment of Data

The accuracy and effectiveness of the watering system will be assessed by utilizing
statistical methods like mean, median, and standard deviation to examine the data. We'll
also compute performance parameters like the accuracy of moisture detection and the time
it takes to turn on the watering mechanism. The treatment of the data will involve the

Methodology 13

following formulae: Average Moisture Level = Sum of Moisture Readings / Number of

Readings System Accuracy = (Correct Watering Events / Total Watering Events) * 100

Ethical Considerations This study will adhere to ethical principles by ensuring that the data
collection process respects the privacy and confidentiality of participants. All survey
respondents will be asked for their informed consent, and their answers will only be used
for this study. To guarantee that no damage is done to plants or resources throughout the
study process, the system will be evaluated in a controlled setting. Additionally, in order to
contribute to environmental sustainability, the Arduino-based watering system will be
built to minimize water waste. To maintain academic integrity throughout the research
process, all data and findings will be shared openly.

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