Data Science and

Artificial Intelligence
Probability and
Statistics

Counting Techniques & Introduction

to Probability
DPP Discussion Notes By- Rahul Sir
 Topics to be Covered

Topic Questions

Topic Discussion

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 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q1. If there are 6 girls and 5 boys who sit in a row. then the probability that no
two boys sit together is

(a) 6!6! (b) 7!5!

2!11! 2!11!

6!7!
(c) (d) None of these
2!11!

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Slide 4
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q2. Three integers are chosen at random from the first 20 integers. The
probability that their product is even

(a) 2/19
(b) 3/29
(c) 17/19
(d) 4/29

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Slide 6
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q3. One hundred cards are numbered from 1 to 100. The probability that a
randomly chosen card has a digit 5 is

(a) 1/100
(b) 9/100
(c) 19/100
(d) None of these

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 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q4. If the letters of word ‘REGULATIONS' be arranged at random, the

probability that there will be exactly 4 letters between R and E is:

(a) 6/55
(b) 3/55
(c) 49/55
(d) None of these

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Slide 9
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q5. In a bag there are three tickets numbered 1, 2, 3. A ticket is drawn at

random and put back, and this is done four times the probability of that
the sum of the numbers is even is:

(a) 41/81
(b) 39/81
(c) 40/81
(d) None of these

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Slide 11
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q6. A pack of cards consists of 15 cards numbered 1 to 15. Three cards are
drawn at random with replacement.
Then, the probability of getting 2 odd and one even numbered card is:

(a) 348/1125
(b) 398/1125
(c) 448/1125
(d) 498/1125

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Slide 13
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q7. Three persons A, B and C are to speak at a function along with five others.
If they all speak in random order, the probability that A speaks before B
and B speaks before C is:

(a) 3/8
(b) 1/6
(c) 3/5
(d) None of these

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Slide 15
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q8. An elevator starts with m passengers and stops at n floors (m  n) the

probability that no two passengers alight at same floor is:

n n
Pm Pm
(a) (b)
mn nm

n
n Cm
(c) Cm (d)
mn nm

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Slide 17
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q9. A and B play a game where each is asked to select a number from 1 to 25. If
the two numbers match both of them win a prize. The probability that they
will not win a prize in a single trial is:

(a) 1/25
(b) 24/25
(c) 2/25
(d) None of these

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Slide 19
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q10. Fifteen persons among whom are A and B, sit down randomly at round
table. The probability that there are 4 persons between A and B is:

9! 10!
(a) (b)
14! 14!

9!
(c) (d) None of these
15!

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Slide 21
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q11. The probability that the 13th day of a randomly chosen month is a second
Saturday is:

(a) 1/7
(b) 1/12
(c) 1/84
(d) 19/84

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Slide 23
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q12. Three of the six vertices of a regular hexagon are chosen at random. The
probability that the triangle with three vertices is equilateral, is:

(a) 1/2
(b) 1/5
(c) 1/10
(d) 1/20

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Slide 25
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q13. The probability that out of 10 persons, all born in April, at least two have
the same birthday is:

30 30
C10 C10
(a) (b) 1 −
30!
( 30 )10

10
(c) ( 30 ) −30 C10 (d) None of these
( 30 )10

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Slide 27
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q14. If A and B are two events, the probability that exactly one of them occurs is
given by:

(a) P ( A) + P ( B ) − 2 P ( A  B )

(b) P ( A  B ) + P ( A  B )

(c) P ( A  B ) – P ( A  B )

(d) ( ) ( ) (
P A + P B − 2P A  B )

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Slide 29
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q15. If A and B are events at the same experiments with P(A) = 0.2, P(B) = 0.5,
then maximum value of P (A’  B).

(a) 1/4
(b) 1/2
(c) 1/8
(d) 1/16

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Slide 31
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q16. The probabilities that a student passes in mathematics, physics and

chemistry are m. p and c respectively. Of these subjects, a student has a
75% chance of passing in at least one, a 50% chance of passing in at least
one, 50% chance of passing in at least two and a 40% chance of passing in
exactly two subjects. Which of the following relations are true?

19 27
(a) p+m+c= (b) p+m+c=
20 20

1 1
(c) pmc = (d) pmc =
10 4

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Slide 33
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q17. A coin is tossed n times. The probability of getting at least one head is
greater than that of getting at least two tails by 5/32. Then n is:

(a) 5
(b) 10
(c) 15
(d) None of these

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Slide 35
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q18. Suppose that

Box-I contains 8 red, 3 blue and 5 green balls,
Box-II contains 24 red, 9 blue and 15 green balls,
Box-III contains 1 blue, 12 green and 3 yellow balls,
Box-IV contains 10 green, 16 orange and 6 white balls.
A ball is chosen randomly from Box-I; call this ball b.
If b is red then a ball is chosen randomly from Box-II, if b is blue then a ball
is chosen randomly from Box- III, and if b is green then a ball is chosen
randomly from Box-IV. The conditional probability of the event ‘one of the
chosen balls is white’ given that the event ‘at least one of the chosen balls
is green’ has happened, is equal to

(a) 15/256 (b) 3/16

(c) 5/52 (d) 1/8
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Slide 37
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q19. Consider three sets E1 = {1, 2, 3}, F1 = {1, 3, 4} and G1 = {2, 3, 4, 5}. Two
elements are chosen at random, without replacement, from the set E1, and
let S1 denote the set of these chosen elements. Let E2 = E1 - S1 and F2 = F1 
S1. Now two elements are chosen at random, without replacement, from
the set F2 and let S2 denote the set of these chosen elements. Let G2 = G1 
S2. Finally, two elements are chosen at random, without replacement, from
the set G2 and let S3 denote the set of these chosen elements. Let E3 = E2 
S3. Given that E1= E3, let p be the conditional probability of the event S1 =
{1, 2}. Then the value of p is

(a) 1/5
(b) 3/5
(c) 1/2
(d) 2/5
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Slide 39
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q20. Three randomly chosen nonnegative integers x, y and z are found to satisfy
the equation x + y + z =10. Then the probability that z is even,

(a) 36/55
(b) 6/11
(c) 1/2
(d) 5/11

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Slide 41
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q21. There are three bags B1, B2 and B3. The bag B1 contains 5 red and 5 green
balls, B2 contains 3 red and 5 green balls, and B3 contains 5 red and 3 green
balls. Bags B1, B2 and B3 have probabilities 3/10, 3/10 and 4/10
respectively of being chosen. A bag is selected at random, and a ball is
chosen at random from the bag. Then which of the following options is/are
correct?

(a) Probability that the chosen ball is green, given that the selected bag is
B3, equals 3/8
(b) Probability that the chosen ball is green equals 39/80
(c) Probability that the selected bag is B3, given that the chosen ball is
green, equals 5/13
(d) Probability that the selected bag is B3 and the chosen ball is green
equals 3/10
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Slide 43
 Topic : Counting Techniques

Q22. Consider an experiment of tossing a coin repeatedly until the outcomes of

two consecutive tosses are same. If the probability of a random toss
resulting in head is 1/3, then the probability that the experiment stops
with head is

(a) 1/3
(b) 5/21
(c) 4/21
(d) 2/7

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 THANK - YOU

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