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Laws of Exponents Notes and Exercise

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39 views7 pages

Laws of Exponents Notes and Exercise

Uploaded by

Aisha Brown
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Subject: Mathematics

Date: January 9th, 2018

Teacher: G.A. Cartwright

Topic(s): Laws of Exponents

Class Notes

Laws of Exponents will serve as a foundation for working with algebra. Next class we
will discuss some terminologies used in algebra. For now, one key term I need you all to
take heed to is variable.

A variable is a letter or symbol that represents an unknown quantity, so you can think
of it as a number.

The number at the bottom is known as the base, the number on the right a little
way’s above it is the exponent. The exponent indicates how many times the base must be
multiplied by itself. Below is an example.

Example:

94 → 9 ∗ 9 ∗ 9 ∗ 9 {𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 4 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡}

[𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑖𝑡𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠]

1. Product Rule – If numbers that share the same base are being multiplied together,
your allowed to bring back the common base and add their exponents.

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 1: 𝑥 4 ∗ 𝑥10 = 𝑥 4+10 = 𝑥14

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 2: 𝑦 8 ∗ 𝑦 2 = 𝑦 8+2 = 𝑦 10
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 3: (𝑥 4 𝑦 3 ) ∗ (𝑥 5 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑥 4+5 𝑦 3+2 = 𝑥 9 𝑦 5

2. Quotient Rule – If numbers that share the same base are being divided, your allowed
to bring back the common base and subtract their exponents.

45
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 1: = 45−2 = 43
42
𝟒∗𝟒∗4∗4∗4
𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠 = 43
𝟒∗𝟒

𝑎7 𝑏 4
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 2: = 𝑎7−5 𝑏 4−2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2
𝑏 2 𝑎5

33 25
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 3: 4 2 = 33−2 ∗ 25−4 = 31 ∗ 21 = 3 ∗ 2 = 6
2 3
𝟑∗𝟑∗3∗𝟐∗𝟐∗𝟐∗𝟐∗2
𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐ℎ =3∗2= 6
2∗2∗2∗2∗𝟑∗𝟑

3. Power Rule – If a power is being raised to another power. Then write back the base
and multiply the exponents
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 1: (𝑦 4 )3 = 𝑦 4∗3 = 𝑦12

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 2: (72 )2 = 72∗2 = 74

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 3: (23 )5 = 23∗5 = 215

4. Zero Exponent Rule – Any number raised to the power of zero is 1.


𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆: 990 = 1 8960 = 1 𝑎0 = 1 𝑝0 = 1 𝑒0 = 1 𝑦0 = 1

5. Negative Exponents – If a number is being raised to negative exponent you invert the
base, meaning in the number is in the numerator it is sent to the denominator. If the
number is in the denominator it is sent to the numerator.

1
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 1: 2−3 =
23
6
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 2: = 6𝑑 4
𝑑 −4

2𝑦 −3 2𝑥 2
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 3: =
7𝑥 −2 7𝑦 3

𝑡6
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 4: = 𝑡 6 ∗ 𝑡 5 = 𝑡 6+5 = 𝑡11
𝑡 −5

6. Expanded Power Rule – If the product of two numbers is being raised to a power
𝑦 3 𝑦3
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 1: ( ) = 3
ℎ ℎ

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 2: (2𝑦 4 𝑑 3 )2 = 22 𝑦 4∗2 𝑑3∗2 = 4𝑦 8 𝑑 6

5
𝑦6𝑓 3
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 3: ( 4 ) = (𝑦 6−4 𝑓 3−1 )5 = (𝑦 2 𝑓 2 )5 = 𝑦 2∗5 𝑓 2∗5 = 𝑦10 𝑓 10
𝑦 𝑓

7 7
𝑑 −3 𝑓2 𝑓 2∗7 𝑓 14
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 4: ( −2 ) = ( 3 ) = 3∗7 = 21
𝑓 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑

Exercise

Instruction: Complete all the questions, play close attention to the sign in front of
exponents. Use the notes as a guide. This practice is to assess your understanding and
application of the Laws of Exponents.

1.4𝑥 3 ∗ 2𝑥 4

2. 70
1
3.
24

65
4.
64

6𝑥 7
5.
2𝑥 4

24𝑤9
6.
8𝑤6

𝑦 −5
7.
𝑥 −2

−3
2
8.
7−2

−3
5
9. 2
5
𝑝2
10.
𝑝−1

𝑡𝑦 3
11.
𝑦

6
𝑘
12. 3
𝑘

3
𝑟5𝑓3
13. ( )
𝑓 𝑟2

14. (𝑔3 𝐻 4 )3

15. (𝑑−2 )5

16. (𝑠 3 )5
17. 𝑦 7 ∗ 𝑦 3

18. 24 ∗ 22

19. 890

6
𝑥5
20. ( )
𝑦4𝑥 2

2
52
21. ( )
25

4
2𝑥 3 𝑦 3
22. ( )
3𝑟 2 𝑠2

23. (𝑦 6 )4

𝑦 7
24. ( )
𝑘
5
3𝑥 4 𝑦 4
25. ( )
5𝑥 2 𝑦 2

26. (6𝑥 3 )2

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