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Flying Bat Lab Report (1)

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18 views

Flying Bat Lab Report (1)

Uploaded by

rct2official
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flying Bat Lab Report

The purpose of this lab is to investigate the velocity, angle, and forces acting on
an object suspended from the ceiling and moving in uniform circular motion.

PreLab:

1.
2.
The horizontal force of the bat accelerates because the force of gravity and Fty
cancel each other out and are balanced which shows no vertical acceleration
making the horizontal component of the bat accelerate horizontally.

3.
The centripetal force in the diagram is represented by Ftx because it accelerates
horizontally.

4.
A. 𝐹𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠θ − 𝑚𝑔 = 0 Force centripetal= 𝐹𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛θ
= 𝐹𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠θ = 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑔/𝑐𝑜𝑠θ (𝑠𝑖𝑛θ)
= 𝐹𝑡 = 𝑚𝑔/𝑐𝑜𝑠θ = 𝑚𝑔𝑡𝑎𝑛θ
B. Fc=mac
2
= 𝑚/𝑟(2π𝑟/𝑡)
2 2 2
= 𝑚4π 𝑟 /𝑟𝑡
2 2
= 𝑚4π 𝑟/𝑡
2 2
= 4𝑚π 𝑟/𝑡
Charts:

Trial Length of Radius(m) Time for 10 Mass (kg) Period (s)


string(m) revolutions
(s)

1 0.83 m 0.54 m 16.2 s 0.124 kg 1.62 s

2 0.83 m 0.53 m 16.7s 0.124 kg 1.62 s

3 0.83 m 0.5 m 16.6 s 0.124 kg 1.62 s

Average 0.83 m 0.52 m 16.5 s 0.124 kg 1.62 s

Calculations:
1)Angle to Fty:
−1
𝑠𝑖𝑛θ = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒/ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 → 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠/𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ → 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ = 0. 627 → 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (0. 627)
→ θ ≈ 38. 83

2)Calculated velocity:
𝑣 = 𝑟𝑔𝑡𝑎𝑛θ
𝑣 = 0. 52(9. 8)𝑡𝑎𝑛 (38. 83)
𝑣 ≈ 2. 02 𝑚/𝑠

3)Measured velocity:
𝑣 = 2π𝑟/𝑡
𝑣 = 2(π)0. 52/1. 62
𝑣 = 2. 02𝑚/𝑠
Calculate Theta to Fty Calculated Measured velocity
(degrees) (Using velocity (m/s) (m/s) (Using data
the the length of (Using step 5 of from the table)
the string and the the procedure)
radius)

Using the 38.83 2.02 m/s 2.02 m/s


averages
Graphs:

Equation:V^2=9.23R

Equation:mV^2=0.98

Analysis Questions:
Method 1: Theoretical Calculation

The centripetal force is calculated using the equilibrium of forces in the circular
motion setup. The equation for the centripetal force is derived from balancing
forces and involves the mass of the object and the angle of rotation.

● The formula used is:


Fc=mgtan⁡(θ)F_c = m g \tan(\theta)Fc​=mgtan(θ)
where:
○ m=0.124 kgm = 0.124 \, \text{kg}m=0.124kg (mass of the object),
○ g=9.8 m/s2g = 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2g=9.8m/s2 (acceleration due to gravity),
○ θ=38.83∘\theta = 38.83^\circθ=38.83∘ (angle of rotation).
● Substituting the known values:
Fc=(0.124)(9.8)tan⁡(38.83∘)F_c = (0.124)(9.8)
\tan(38.83^\circ)Fc​=(0.124)(9.8)tan(38.83∘) Fc=0.97 NF_c = 0.97 \,
\text{N}Fc​=0.97N

So, the theoretical centripetal force is 0.97 N.

Method 2: Experimental Calculation

In the experimental method, centripetal force is determined using the formula:

Fc=mv2rF_c = \frac{m v^2}{r}Fc​=rmv2​

where:

● m=0.124 kgm = 0.124 \, \text{kg}m=0.124kg,


● r=0.5233 mr = 0.5233 \, \text{m}r=0.5233m (radius of the circular path),
● t=1.652 st = 1.652 \, \text{s}t=1.652s (cycle time),
● vvv (velocity) is calculated as v=2πrtv = \frac{2 \pi r}{t}v=t2πr​.

First, calculate the velocity vvv:

v=2π(0.5233)1.652≈2.00 m/sv = \frac{2 \pi (0.5233)}{1.652} \approx 2.00 \,


\text{m/s}v=1.6522π(0.5233)​≈2.00m/s

Then, substitute the velocity and other values into the centripetal force equation:

Fc=0.1244×(2.00)20.5233F_c = \frac{0.1244 \times


(2.00)^2}{0.5233}Fc​=0.52330.1244×(2.00)2​Fc=0.1244×4.000.5233=0.94 NF_c = \frac{0.1244
\times 4.00}{0.5233} = 0.94 \, \text{N}Fc​=0.52330.1244×4.00​=0.94N

So, the experimental centripetal force is 0.94 N.


Percent Error Calculation for Force

The percent error between the theoretical and experimental results is calculated
using the formula:

Percent Error=∣Fc(theoretical)−Fc(experimental)∣Fc(theoretical)×100\text{Percent
Error} = \frac{| F_c(\text{theoretical}) - F_c(\text{experimental})
|}{F_c(\text{theoretical})} \times 100 Percent
Error=Fc​(theoretical)∣Fc​(theoretical)−Fc​(experimental)∣​×100

Substituting the values:

Percent Error=∣0.97−0.94∣0.97×100=0.030.97×100≈3%\text{Percent Error} = \frac{|0.97 -


0.94|}{0.97} \times 100 = \frac{0.03}{0.97} \times 100 \approx 3\%

Percent Error=0.97∣0.97−0.94∣​×100=0.970.03​×100≈3%

So, the percent error for the centripetal force is 3%.

General Formulas Used

In the lab, various formulas are involved:

1. Centripetal force from Newton's second law:


Fc=mv2rF_c = \frac{m v^2}{r}Fc​=rmv2​
2. Centripetal acceleration:
ac=v2ra_c = \frac{v^2}{r}ac​=rv2​
3. Force equilibrium (theoretical method):
Fc=mgtan⁡(θ)F_c = m g \tan(\theta)Fc​=mgtan(θ)
4. Velocity calculation from experimental measurements:
v=2πrtv = \frac{2 \pi r}{t}v=t2πr​
In circular motion, all the forces acting on the moving object are
balanced, which allows it to follow a circular path. The tension force
is balanced by the gravitational force, and the centripetal force acts
to change the direction of the object's tangential velocity, resulting
in centripetal acceleration directed toward the center of the circle.

Referring to the graph, the relationship between velocity squared (V²)


and radius (R) reveals the centripetal acceleration. According to the
law of circular motion, the slope of the V² vs. R graph represents
centripetal acceleration. Additionally, Newton's second law suggests
that the graph of mass times velocity squared (mV²) vs. radius (R)
corresponds to the centripetal force.

In real-life applications, the principles observed in this lab can be


seen in various examples of circular motion. For instance, when
calculating the velocity of a satellite orbiting the Earth, we can
estimate its orbital period, which is tied to its altitude. Similarly, the
operation of a merry-go-round provides another example: the
spinning velocity must be controlled to prevent riders from
experiencing excessive centripetal force, which could be
uncomfortable or even dangerous. Understanding these principles,
as demonstrated in this lab, is essential for designing systems that
involve circular motion.

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