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7th_Structure_of_matter

Structure of matter class 7

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shahanawaz nawaz
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65 views

7th_Structure_of_matter

Structure of matter class 7

Uploaded by

shahanawaz nawaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SANDEEPANA HIGHER PRIMARY SCHOOL

Behind Hp Petrol Bunk Devadurga Road Sirwar-584129/ Cell : 7204027791


Class : 7 Chapter : 4 Sub : Science

Structure of Matter By : Nawaz Sir


Matter : Any thing around us that has mass and occupies space is called as
matter
 The building block of matter is the atom.
 Every matter around us are made of atoms.
Atoms: Atoms are the smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an
element.
Structure of Atom : The Atom Contain
 Nucleus: The center of the atom, containing
protons (positively charged) and neutrons
(neutral).
Electrons: Negatively charged particles that
orbit the nucleus in energy levels or shells.
Elements: An element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom.
Properties of Element :

 Periodic Table: Elements are organized in the periodic table, which shows
their symbols, atomic numbers, and properties. Examples include hydrogen
(H), oxygen (O), and carbon (C).
 An element consists of only one kind of atom.
 Element can exist as atoms or molecules.
Molecules : Molecules are formed when two or more atoms bond together. They
can consist of the same type of atom (like O₂) or different types (like
H₂O).
Types of Molecules:
 Diatomic Molecules: Composed of two atoms (e.g., O₂).
 Compound Molecules: Made of different elements (e.g., H₂O).
Compounds : A compound is a substance made up of two or more different
elements that are chemically bonded together.
Formation of Compounds :
Chemical Bonds: Compounds are formed through chemical bonds there are 2
types of chemical bond
a) Ionic Bonds: Occur when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
This typically happens between metals and nonmetals (e.g., sodium chloride,
NaCl).
b) Covalent Bonds: Formed when atoms share electrons, usually between
nonmetals (e.g., water, H₂O).

Mixture : A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not


chemically bonded. Each substance in a mixture retains its own
properties.
Types of Mixtures : There are two types of mixture
1. Homogeneous Mixtures :The components are evenly distributed and the
mixture appears uniform throughout.
 Characteristics:
 The different substances cannot be easily distinguished.
 They often look the same from all parts.
 Examples:
 Saltwater: Salt dissolves completely in water, creating a uniform
solution.
 Air: A mixture of gases (like oxygen and nitrogen) that is
consistent throughout.
2. Heterogeneous Mixtures: The components are not evenly distributed, and
different parts of the mixture can be observed.
 Characteristics:
 The different substances can often be seen and separated
physically.
 Examples:
 Salad: Different ingredients (like lettuce, tomatoes, and
cucumbers) are visible and can be picked apart.
 Granite: A rock that contains different minerals and can be seen
with the naked eye.
 Oil and Water: They do not mix, forming separate layers.

Difference between Compound and Mixtures

Property Compound Mixture


Composition Fixed Ratio Not fixed variable

Bonding Atoms are chemically bonded Atoms are Physically bonded

Separation Requires chemical reactions to Can be separated by physical


separate means
Examples Water (H₂O), sodium chloride
Salad, air, sand and salt mixture
(NaCl)
Symbols : There are some common elements and their symbols
Element Symbol Element Symbol Element Symbol
Oxygen O Iodine I Aluminum Al
Nitrogen N Carbon C Calcium Ca
Hydrogen H Sulphur S Magnesium Mg
Sodium Na Chlorine Cl Potassium K
Copper Cu Gold Au Iron Fe

Atomicity : Atomicity is the number of atoms present in one molecule called as


atomicity
 There are 3 types of atomicity
1) Monoatomic : if the molecule have only one atom in it called as
monoatomic. Ex : Helium (H) Sodium (Na)
2) Diatomic : If the molecule have two atoms in it called as diatomic Ex:
Hydrogen (H2) , Oxygen (O2)
3) Poly atomic : If the molecule have more then two atoms in it is called as
Polyatomic Ex : Ozone(O3),Phosphorus(P4) Etc

Chemical Formula of some compound :


The symbolic expression of a molecule is called as a chemical formula
Compound Formula One molecule contain
Water H2O 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen
Carbon di oxide CO2 1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen
Carbon monoxide CO 1 atom of carbon and 1 atom of oxygen
Hydrochloric acid HCl 1 atom of hydrogen and 1 atom of 1 atom of chlorine
Ammonia NH3 1 atom of nitrogen and 3 atoms of hydrogen
Methane CH4 1 atom of carbon and 4 atoms of hydrogen
Valency : Ability of an atom to bond with other atom is called as valence
Ex : Sodium (Na) has 1 valence which mean its outer most shell has one electron to
loose

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