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AMU PHU

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rrahul09k
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© © All Rights Reserved
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PHYSICS

Electromagnetic
Induction
Physics
Investigatory

RAHUL DAS
INDEX
 CERTIFICATE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 AIM OF PROJECT
 INTRODUCTION
 THEORY
 OBSERVATION
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM OF PROJECT

To study the phenomenon


of Electromagnetic
Induction
Introduction
Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of
magnet in which the magnetic field
is produced by electric current. The
magnetic field disappears when the
current is turned off.

INDUCTION:
This process of generating current
in a conductor by placing the
conductor in a changing magnetic
field is called induction
Electromagnetic
induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the
production of a potential difference
(voltage) across a conductor when it
is exposed to a varying magnetic field.
Electromagnetic induction is when an
electromagnetic field causes
molecules in another object to flow.
Induction can produce electricity (in
coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or
waves (in a radio transmitter).
Finally, it is referring to the
phenomenon where an emf is induced
when the magnetic flux linking a
conductor change.
Magnetic Flux is defined as the
product of the magnetic flux
density and the area normal to the
field through which the field is
passing. It is a scalar quantity and
its S.I. unit is the weber (Wb).

Principle
Electromagnetic induction (or
sometimes just induction) is a
process where a conductor placed
in a changing magnetic field
causes the production of a voltage
across the conductor. This process
of electromagnetic induction, in
turn, causes an electrical current, it
is said to induce the current.
Theory
INVENSION:
Michael Faraday is generally
credited with the discovery of
induction in 1831 though it may
have been anticipated by the work
of Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829.
Around 1830 to 1832, Joseph
Henry made a similar discovery, but
did not publish his findings until
later.
Induced e.m.f:
If magnetic flux through a coil is
altered then an e.m.f. will be
generated in the coil. This effect
was first observed and explained by
Ampere and Faraday between 1825
and 1831. Faraday discovered that
an e.m.f. could be generated either
by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of
flux relative to each other or
(b) By changing the magnitude of
the source of magnetic flux.
Note that the e.m.f. is only
produced while the flux is
changing.
Working and Construction
Current is produced in a conductor
when it is moved through a
magnetic field because the
magnetic lines of force are
applying a force on the free
electrons in the conductor and
causing them to move. This
process of generating current in a
conductor by placing the conductor
in a changing magnetic field is
called induction. This is called
induction because there is no
physical connection between the
conductor and the magnet. The
current is said to be induced in the
conductor by the magnetic field.
One requirement for this
electromagnetic induction to take
place is that the conductor, which
is often a piece of wire, must be
perpendicular to the magnetic lines
of force in order to produce the
maximum force on the free
electrons. The direction that the
induced current flows is
determined by the direction of the
lines of force and by the direction
the wire is moving in the field. In
the animation above the ammeter
(the instrument used to measure
current) indicates when there is
current in the conductor.

Lenz’s Law:
When an emf is generated by a
change in magnetic flux according
to Faraday’s Law, the polarity of the
induced emf is such that it
produces a current whose magnetic
field opposes the change which
produces it. The induced magnetic
field inside any loop of wire always
acts to keep the magnetic flux in
the loop constant. In the examples
below, if the B field is increasing,
the induced field acts in opposition
to it. If it is decreasing, the induced
field acts in the direction of the
applied field to try to keep it
constant.
Application of
Electromagnetic Induction
Electrical Generator:
The EMF generated by Faraday’s
law of induction due to relative
movement of a circuit and a
magnetic field is the phenomenon
underlying electrical generators.
When a permanent magnet is
moved relative to a conductor, or
vice versa, an electromotive force
is created. If the wire is connected
through an electrical load, current
will flow, and thus electrical energy
is generated, converting the
mechanical energy of motion to
electrical energy.

Electrical transformer:
The EMF predicted by Faraday’s
law is also responsible for
electrical transformers. When the
electric current in a loop of wire
changes, the changing current
creates a changing magnetic field.
A second wire in reach of this
magnetic field will experience this
change in magnetic field as a
change in its coupled magnetic
flux, dΦB/dt. Therefore, an
electromotive force is set up in the
second loop called the induced
EMF or transformer EMF. If the two
ends of this loop are connected
through an electrical load, current
will flow.
Observation

 Magnet is moved at certain rate


and certain voltage is produced.
 Magnet is moved at faster rate
and creating a greater induced
voltage.
 Magnet is moved at same speed
through coil that has greater
number of turn and greater
voltage is induced.
Conclusion

Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic


Induction, first observed and
published by Michael Faraday in
the mid-nineteenth century,
describes a very important electro-
magnetic concept. Although its
mathematical representations are
cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s is
not hard to grasp: it relates an
induced electric potential or
voltage to a dynamic magnetic
field. This concept has many far-
reaching ramifications that touch
our lives in many ways: from the
shining of the sun, to the
convenience of mobile
communications, to electricity to
power our homes. We can all
appreciate the profound impact
Faraday’s Law has on us.
Application of
Electromagnetic
Induction in Real
Life
The principles of electromagnetic
induction are applied in many
devices and systems, including:

 Electrical generators
 Induction motors
 Induction sealing
 Inductive charging
 Transformer
Bibliography
 Wikipedia.co
 Google search engine
 www.youtube.com/knowledgec
ycle
 www.knowledgecycle.in
 Physics NCERT PART (1)
 Physics NCERT PART (2)

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