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Project Report

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tuong.vuongcupotea
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Project group CCO4_Mr.

HAU – Project 1 Matlab Projects 1 – Physics 1

Project 1:
Determining Trajectory and Angular Momentum of Kinetic Motion

Group information:

Group No: 13 Class: CC04 Completion day: 25/11/2024


1. Trần Hữu Phú, Student ID: 2452972
2. Trương Quốc Thắng, Student ID: 2453190
1. Võ Đình An, Student ID: 2452028
2. Vương Vĩnh Tường, Student ID: 2453399

1. Introduction:
Angular momentum is the property of a rotating body given by the product of the moment
of inertia and the angular velocity of the object rotating about a particular axis. It is a vector
quantity, which implies that the direction is also considered here along with magnitude –
and both are conserved.
This project investigates the angular momentum of a single particle (with its path called its
trajectory) with mass m rotating around a chosen origin. It is considered in three-
dimensional rotational motion and closed system. (Figure 1):

Figure 1: Trajectory and angular momentum of a particle.

2. Theory:

The angular momentum vector relative to the origin of coordinate reference frame is
determined by:

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Project group CCO4_Mr.HAU – Project 1 Matlab Projects 1 – Physics 1

𝐿⃗ = 𝑟 × 𝑝
Where:
• 𝐿⃗ is the angular momentum
• 𝑟 is the radius (distance between the object and the fixed point around which it
revolves)
• 𝑝 is the linear momentum

The angular momentum 𝐿⃗ of a particle is defined as the cross-product of 𝑟 and 𝑝, and is


perpendicular to the plane containing 𝑟 and 𝑝.

The magnitude of angular momentum is calculated using the formula:


𝐿 = 𝑟𝑝 sin 𝜃
Where:
• 𝜃 is the angle between 𝑟 and 𝑝
𝑚2
• Unit of angular momentum is 𝐾𝑔.
𝑠
When the direction of 𝑝 passes through the origin, then 𝜃 = 0, the angular momentum is
zero. In this respect the magnitude of the angular momentum depends on the choice of
origin.

By taking time derivative, we have the expression for the torque on the particle:
𝑑𝑙 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑝
= ×𝑝+𝑟× = 𝑣 × 𝑚𝑣 + 𝑟 × =𝑟×
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Using the symbolic calculation of MATLAB, we can solve the aforementioned
differential equations to calculate the velocity and moment of momentum, from which
the necessary features of the motion can be derived.
3. MATLAB Code and Explanation:

Project 1: Trajectory and Angular Momentum of Kinetic Motion

1. Enter displacement components x(t) and y(t):


% Define symbolic variables for time t, and position functions
x(t) and y(t)
syms t
x = input('Enter the expression for x(t): ', 's'); % x(t)
y = input('Enter the expression for y(t): ', 's'); % y(t)

2. Compute components of the linear momentum (with mass M=1):


% Convert input strings to symbolic expressions
x = str2sym(x);
y = str2sym(y);
% Calculate velocity components (derivatives of x and y)
vx = diff(x, t);
vy = diff(y, t);

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Project group CCO4_Mr.HAU – Project 1 Matlab Projects 1 – Physics 1

% Calculate the position vector and velocity vector


r = [x; y]; % Position vector r
v = [vx; vy]; % Velocity vector v

3. Compute angular momentum:


% Calculate the angular momentum (cross product of position and
velocity vectors)
L = cross([r; 0], [v; 0]); % Extend to 3D for cross product
(z=0)

% Simplify angular momentum expression


Lz = simplify(L(3)); % Only z-component is relevant for 2D
motion

4. When the calculation is completed, draw the graph:


% Plot the trajectory (x vs y)
figure; % Open a new figure window for the graph of x vs y

% Define the time range for plotting


t_vals = linspace(0, 10, 100); % 100 points between t=0 and t=10

% Evaluate x(t) and y(t) over the time range


x_vals = subs(x, t, t_vals);
y_vals = subs(y, t, t_vals);

plot(double(x_vals), double(y_vals)); % Convert symbolic results


to numeric for plotting
title('Trajectory of the Object');
xlabel('x(t)');
ylabel('y(t)');
grid on;

% Plot angular momentum as a function of time

figure; % Open a new figure window for angular momentum

fplot(Lz, [0, 10]); % Adjust time limits for the plot


title('Angular Momentum vs Time');
xlabel('Time (t)');
ylabel('Angular Momentum (Lz)');
grid on;

% Display the angular momentum expression


disp('Angular Momentum Lz(t) = ');
disp(Lz);

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Project group CCO4_Mr.HAU – Project 1 Matlab Projects 1 – Physics 1

4. Results and discussion:

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Project group CCO4_Mr.HAU – Project 1 Matlab Projects 1 – Physics 1

Above results exactly match the results manually calculated. With Matlab calculation, we
can replace appropriately many others values of quantities to study other special cases.

5. Conclusion:
The project has completed the solution of the kinetic motion problem using MATLAB
symbolic calculation. With this tool we can solve more complex motion situations that
cannot be solved by the analytical method.
6. References:
[1] 11.2 Angular Momentum | University Physics Volume 1
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-osuniversityphysics/chapter/11-2-angular-
momentum/?fbclid=IwAR11RTtN8LFdL0LsIEALS5osctoUYqXTvFcLcwDDLD
N5gpviMYg4fvdPCJM
[2] Angular Momentum and Its Conservation | Physics
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/10-5-angular-momentum-
anditsconservation/?fbclid=IwAR1UvDKMwC6PNtTae55ytAGWDkee3z01wBVjCesyZ
2DLOB2AZyHt6q6VFMc
[3] Website:
https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/University_Physics_(OpenSta
x)/Book%3A_University_Physics_I_-
_Mechanics_Sound_Oscillations_and_Waves_(OpenStax)/11%3A__Angular_Momentu
m/11.03%3A_Angular_Momentum
https://byjus.com/physics/angular-momentum/
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Project group CCO4_Mr.HAU – Project 1 Matlab Projects 1 – Physics 1

https://www.physics.brocku.ca/PPLATO/h-flap/phys2_8.html

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