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Masonry_TLE-Reviewer

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37 views33 pages

Masonry_TLE-Reviewer

Uploaded by

John Rafael Acuña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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T.L.

E
Masonry
Masonry
— Masonry is the art of building with stone, bricks,
concrete blocks or similar materials.
— It is the building of structures from individual units
laid in and bound together by mortar.
Masonry (Basics)
— Concrete – the artificial stone as a result of mixing
sand, cement, gravel and water.
— Mortar – mixture of cement, sand and water used for
binding stones, bricks, etc. or for plastering.
— Plaster – mixture applied wet to wall or ceilings and
hardened to produce smooth surface.
— Cement – a bonding agent that reacts with water to
form a hard stone-like substance.
Masonry (Basics)
— Cement – a bonding agent that reacts with water to
form a hard stone-like substance.

— Two types of Cement


— Portland Cement (Approx 24Hrs Curing Period)

— Pozzoland Cement (Approx 72Hrs Curing Period)


Masonry (Tools)
— Roughing up tools
— Plumb bob is designed to hang from a length of string
to give a true vertical
Masonry (Tools)
— Water and Tube Level – use to establish level marks
in laying out masonry works
Masonry (Tools)
— Crandall – tool with pointed steel pikes used for
dressing concrete.
Masonry (Tools)
— Bolster – tool similar with chisel including its services
Masonry (Tools)
— Spade (Brick Trowel) – basic construction tool used
in mixing concrete.
Masonry (Tools)
— Float – tool with handle at the back usually made of
wood.
Masonry (Tools)
— Trowel – flat tool used for applying, spreading and
shaping plaster or mortar to produce smooth finish.
Masonry (Common Materials)
— CHB - is the most widely used masonry material for
construction works.
Masonry (Common Materials)
— Bricks – are manufactured from clay and other
materials processed into workable consistency and
molded to standard sizes.
Masonry (Common Materials)
— Ashlars – carefully worked and joined stone blocks
laid in parallel horizontal courses.
Masonry (Common Materials)
— Rubble stone – irregular stones with good face for
wall surface.
Masonry (Common Materials)
— Aggregates - the material
that is bound together into
a conglomerated mass by
cement and water to form
concrete, mortar or plaster.
— Fine – sand
— Coarse – crushed rocks,
gravel .
Masonry (Strength of Concrete)
— Correct proportion of the ingredients
— Quality of the materials
— Proper methods of mixing
— Proper placement or depositing of the concrete inside
the form
— Adequate protection during the period of curing
— Finding the Quantity of Cement, Sand and Gravel
— It will depend on the kind of mixture (AA, A, B or C)
— Find the volume
Masonry (Mixing Proportion)
Class Cement Sand Gravel Purpose
1 Bag
(40kg) cu.ft. cu. m cu.ft. cu. m

AA 1 1½ .042 3 .085 Very strong, dense concrete is


required.

A 1 2 .057 4 .113 For beams, slabs, columns, all


members subjected to bending

B 1 2½ .071 5 .142 For member not reinforced for


bending stress

C 1 3 .085 6 .170 For footing (not under water)

For Handmixing
— ½ kg of water + 1 kg of cement + 2 kg of sand + 2.5 – 3 kg of gravel
Masonry (Estimating materials)
— FULLER'S FORMULA (Determining Cement needed)
— C = number of bags of cement per cubic meter of concrete work (bag/m3)
— C = 55 / (c+s+g) -à Mixing Proportion

— Example:
— Determine the number of bags of cement of a proposed concrete pavement whose
width and length are 2m x 2m. The thickness is 20cm using Class A mixing
proportion.

— Given:
— Width = 2 m
— Length = 2 m
— Thickness = 0.2 m (Converted cm to m)

— Req’d: number of bags of cement


Masonry (Estimating materials)
— FULLER'S FORMULA (Determining Cement needed)

— Solution: C = [55 / (c+s+g)]* VC

— VC = Volume of concrete = 2m * 2m * 0.2m = 0.8 m3


— Class A (1:2:4)

— C = [55 / (c+s+g)]* VC FULLER'S RULE states "mixing of a total of 42


— C = [ 55 / (1+2+4) ] * 0.8 volumes of cement, sand and gravel will produce
a 27 volumes of concrete".
— C = [ 55 / 7 ] * 0.8
The unit for this one is in cubic foot (m3 ).
— C = [ 7.857 ] * 0.8 Conversion of 1.0 meter = 3.281 ft, hence
— C = 6.285 bags/ 0.177 m3 (42/27cu.ft) x (3.281ft/m)^3=54.94 or rounded
off to a good number of 55. That is how the
constant of 55 comes from.
1 Bag of 94 lbs (42.63 Kgs.)
Cement is 1 cu.ft. : Converting 1 cu.ft to cu.m : 1
cu.ft.x 1 cu.m./(3.28 ft.)^3 = 0.0283 cu.m.

Masonry (Estimating materials)


— FULLER'S FORMULA (Determining Sand needed)

— Solution: S = {0.028* [ 55 / (c+s+g) ] * 2 } * VC

— VC = Volume of concrete = 2m * 2m * 0.2m


— VC = 0.8 m3
— Class A (1:2:4)

— S = {0.028 * [55 / (c+s+g) ]* 2}* VC (Where 2 is the sand in class A proportion)


— S = {0.028 * [ 55 / (1+2+4) ]* 2} * 0.8
— S = {0.028 * [ 55/7 ]* 2} * 0.8
— S = {0.028 * [ 7.857]*2} * 0.8
— S = {0.028 * 15.714} * 0.8
— S = 0.44 * 0.8
— S = 0.352 m3 or 12.43076 cu.ft. of Sand
1 Bag of 94 lbs (42.63 Kgs.)
Cement is 1 cu.ft. : Converting 1 cu.ft to cu.m : 1
cu.ft.x 1 cu.m./(3.28 ft.)^3 = 0.0283 cu.m.

Masonry (Estimating materials)


— FULLER'S FORMULA (Determining Sand needed)

— Solution: G = {0.028* [ 55 / (c+s+g) ] * 4 } * VC

— VC = Volume of concrete = 2m * 2m * 0.2m


— VC = 0.8 m3
— Class A (1:2:4)

— G = {0.028 * [55 / (c+s+g) ]* 4}* VC (Where 4 is the Gravel in class A proportion)


— G = {0.028 * [ 55 / (1+2+4) ]* 4} * 0.8
— G = {0.028 * [ 55 / (7) ]* 4} * 0.8
— G = {0.028 * [ 7.857]* 4} * 0.8
— G = {0.028 * 31.428} * 0.8
— G = 0.88 * 0.8
— G = 0.704 m3 or 24.86153 cu.ft. of Gravel
Masonry (Estimating materials)
— FULLER'S FORMULA

— C = 6.285 bags or 0.177 m3 or 6.250696 cu.ft. of cement


— S = 0.352 m3 or 12.43076 cu.ft. of Sand
— G = 0.704 m3 or 24.86153 cu.ft. of Gravel
— Dry Volume= C + S + G
— Dry Volume= 0.177+0.352+0.704
— Dry Volume= 1.233 m3
Masonry (Concrete anatomy)
— Max Fajardo Principle

— Question: Why is it that the volume to be concreted which is 0.8m3 is not


equal to the estimated volume of the mixture which is 1.233m3?
— Answer: The philosophy behind in establishing the proportion of fine and
coarse aggregate is to create a solid mass where cement paste enters the
voids of the fine aggregate and in turn fill the void of the coarse aggregate.
Masonry (Concrete anatomy)
Masonry (Concrete Hollow Block)

Ear
Web
Cell
End Shell
or Frog Face Shell
Masonry (CHB Quantity)
— A Standard “Nominal” size of a CHB is 8 in. x 16 in.
find the area of the wall
Masonry (CHB Quantity Estimate)
— 1 sq,m. area is always equivalent to 12.5 pcs of CHB
(Concrete Hollow Block)
— A Standard size of a CHB is 8 in. x 16 in.
— First step is to find the area of the wall that will be laid by
CHB
— ex. A 2m height (L) and 3m span (W) wall is needed
— A= L x W
— A= 2 x 3
— A= 6 sq. m.
— 1 sq. m. of a wall consist of 12.5 pcs of CHB
— Qty=A x 12.5
— Qty = 6 sq, m. x 12.5 pcs = 75
— Qty = 75pcs
Sample Question 1
— the artificial stone as a result of mixing sand, cement,
gravel and water.

— A.) cement
— B.) mortar
— C.) plaster
— D.) concrete
Sample Question 2
— What kind of masonry mixing proportion is required if one
needs a very strong and dense concrete in a certain
construction?

— A.) A
— B.) AA
— C.) B
— D.) C
Sample Question 3
— use to establish level marks in laying out masonry works

— A.) Plumb bob


— B.) Water and Tube Level
— C.) Crandall
— D.) Trowel
Masonry (CHB Quantity Estimate)
— How many pieces CHB will it take to build a 36m x
36m of bungalow house with a height of 3m?
Masonry (CHB Quantity Estimate)
— How many Cement, Sand and Gravel will it take to
build a 4 columns on a house of 36m x 36m of
bungalow house with a dimension .25m in with
and height of 3m with a Class B mixing
proportion?

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