ARC 075 - BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 2

UP-FA1-BSAR3-02
WEDNESDAY & THURSDAY (10:00-12:30 & 9:00-11:00AM)

RESEARCH WORK NO.1

“RSW #1”

DEC 16, 2024

DUE DATE

DE GUZMAN, HAZEL Y.
STUDENT

Marie Alysson Dela Cruz Mejia

INSTRUCTOR
Research on Architectural Styles for Mixed-Use Commercial/Residential
Buildings
1. Modernism
Modern commercial buildings are integral to urban landscapes, mirroring societal needs and
economic activities. Their design and functionality have evolved to meet the changing demands
of businesses and consumers. Understanding these buildings is essential for those involved in
their development and operation.

The diversity in commercial building types requires a closer look at their features and roles
within cities. This exploration reveals how these spaces shape our built environment and
support various industries.

Categories of Commercial Buildings

The realm of commercial buildings is vast, encompassing structures tailored to different sectors.
Each category serves distinct purposes, contributing to the economic and social fabric of
communities. Examining these categories highlights their unique architectural and functional
characteristics and their impact on urban planning and development.

Office Buildings
Office buildings cater to businesses of all sizes, from startups to multinational corporations.
They emphasize flexibility and technology integration, with open layouts that facilitate
collaboration. Modern office spaces often incorporate energy-efficient systems and sustainable
materials to enhance environmental performance. Strategically located in central business
districts, these buildings offer easy access to transportation and essential services. Smart
technologies, like IoT devices, enhance operational efficiency and occupant comfort.

Retail Spaces
Retail spaces are designed to attract consumers, encouraging foot traffic and enhancing the
shopping experience. These buildings range from standalone stores to expansive malls. Retail
architecture includes visually appealing facades, spacious interiors, and strategically placed
displays. The rise of e-commerce has prompted the inclusion of experiential elements like
interactive displays and leisure areas. Many retail spaces now incorporate sustainable design
practices, such as energy-efficient lighting and waste reduction systems, to meet consumer
demand for environmentally conscious businesses.

Industrial Properties
Industrial properties are vital for manufacturing, storage, and distribution. Located near
transportation links, these buildings facilitate efficient logistics. Their design emphasizes
functionality, with large open spaces and robust flooring for heavy machinery. Modern facilities
integrate advanced technologies like automation to streamline operations. Sustainability is
increasingly important, with features like energy-efficient systems and waste management
solutions to minimize environmental impact. These structures support supply chains and drive
economic growth.
Hospitality Venues
Hospitality venues, including hotels and resorts, provide comfort and leisure to guests. Their
architecture often reflects local culture and environment, offering a unique sense of place.
Design considerations include creating welcoming spaces for diverse guests, such as business
travelers and vacationers. Amenities like restaurants, spas, and conference facilities enhance
the guest experience. A growing focus on sustainability has led many venues to adopt
eco-friendly practices, appealing to eco-conscious travelers.

Mixed-Use Developments
Mixed-use developments combine residential, commercial, and sometimes industrial
components within a single complex, offering a holistic approach to urban living. These
developments create vibrant communities where individuals can live, work, and play without
extensive travel. The architecture blends building types, such as apartments, offices, and retail
spaces, promoting walkability and connectivity. Public spaces like parks and plazas encourage
social interaction. Mixed-use developments often feature green roofs, solar panels, and efficient
waste management systems, offering a convenient and sustainable lifestyle option.

Key Characteristics of Commercial Buildings

Commercial buildings are distinguished by their adaptability, responding to urban dynamics and
technological advancements. Their design prioritizes utility and efficiency, integrating modern
architectural trends with practical needs. This adaptability ensures these structures remain
relevant, catering to diverse industries and business models. Modular construction techniques
allow for rapid alterations and expansions, reflecting the agile nature of today’s business
environments.

Technological integration is a hallmark of contemporary commercial buildings. Smart building

technologies, such as automated climate control and security systems, enhance operational
efficiency while reducing costs. These innovations create an optimal environment for users,
promoting productivity and satisfaction. Advanced data analytics tools monitor building
performance, enabling predictive maintenance and informed decision-making.

Sustainability is central to modern commercial building design. Eco-friendly materials and

construction practices are increasingly adopted, driven by regulatory requirements and
consumer expectations. Features like rainwater harvesting systems and passive solar design
reduce environmental impact and offer long-term cost savings. This focus on sustainability
reflects a broader shift in societal values, emphasizing responsible resource management.
2. Postmodernism

Les Espaces D’Abraxas, a housing complex in Noisy-le-Grand, France

Postmodern architecture is a style of building design that emerged in the ’70s and ’80s as a
reaction against the dogmas and ideals of modernism and the international style. “It saw a
whole range of architects look again at the architectural past and think about how references to
these times could be deployed via quotations, via references, or via sampling,” Hopkins
explains. Some postmodern architects designed more serious buildings, others more playful,
but they were all “underpinned by an attempt to reconnect architecture with the public,” says
Hopkins. Postmodern buildings often feature elements from both classicism and contemporary
architecture styles as a way to create something completely new.

History of postmodern architecture

According to Hopkins, to understand postmodern architecture correctly, it’s first necessary to
understand modern architecture. “Modernism is probably best understood as the architectural
and broader cultural attempt to develop styles of architecture which reflected the new spirit of
modernity of industry,” he explains. The aesthetic was defined by both new materials—such as
steel, concrete, and glass—and new building techniques and was spearheaded by architects
such as Mies van der Rohe. “It was also about a style that was pared back, that was abstract,
that did away with the decorative schemes of 19th-century architecture in a way that would be
deemed to reflect this new spirit of modernity.” Taking place between the late 19th to mid 20th
centuries, it wasn’t just the look of modernism that attracted people, but also the ideals it
reflected. “Architecture was seen as a way to hopefully bring about a more egalitarian world via
things like lots of public housing, hospitals, schools, and new libraries,” Hopkins says. “And
modern architecture was the embodiment of this in many ways.”
3. Brutalism
Brutalist Architecture Explained: Bold Designs and Raw Concrete

In the vast landscape of architectural styles, Brutalism stands out for its raw, unapologetic
aesthetic. From exposed concrete facades to imposing geometric forms, Brutalist architecture is
bold, functional, and undeniably unique. Whether you love it or hate it, this style has left a
lasting mark on cities around the world. Let’s break it down, step by step, to understand what
makes Brutalism so distinctive and controversial.

What is Brutalist Architecture?

At its core, Brutalism is an architectural style that celebrates raw materials, bold designs, and
functionality over ornamentation. The term "Brutalism" stems from the French phrase béton brut,
meaning "raw concrete." Emerging after World War II, Brutalism reflected a desire for honest,
functional design that prioritized purpose and simplicity.

Why Brutalism?
●​ A reaction to overly decorative architectural styles.
●​ A response to the post-war need for affordable, durable, and mass-produced structures.
●​ An ethos that values functionality, honesty, and minimalism in design.

Origins of Brutalism
●​ The roots of Brutalism can be traced back to Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier, who
popularized raw concrete in designs like the Cité Radieuse in Marseille (1952).

●​ His ideas inspired a wave of architects who embraced the material’s strength and
adaptability, making it a cornerstone of the Brutalist movement.

Key Characteristics of Brutalist Architecture

Brutalist architecture featuring a bold concrete building with geometric shapes and exposed
structural elements.
4. Deconstructivism

Deconstruction is a theoretical concept that was coined by the French philosopher Jacques
Derrida. Derrida insisted that a work has multiple meanings, often contradictory. However, this
groundbreaking idea did not confine itself to literature and philosophy; it also inspired
architectural thought, giving rise to the deconstructivist movement. By the end of the 1980s,
Deconstructivism in architecture had evolved beyond being merely a design philosophy – it had
become a revolutionary approach that transcended traditional aesthetic limits.

(Deconstructivism: From Philosophy to Contemporary Architecture - dans le gris)

What is Deconstructivism?

Deconstructivism is a postmodern architectural movement that emerged in the 1980s but truly
began to flourish in the 1990s. This architectural approach draws inspiration from the philosophy
of deconstruction, famously advanced by French thinker Jacques Derrida. Just as Derrida
argued that texts can hold multiple, sometimes conflicting meanings, Deconstructivist architects
assert that buildings can also convey a multitude of interpretations.

At its core, Deconstructivism aims to break down established architectural conventions. It gives
the impression of fragmented forms, often characterized by distorted shapes and a deliberate
departure from symmetry, rejecting traditional notions of obvious harmony, continuity, or
symmetry. Deconstructivism embraces the idea of dismantling conventional architectural
elements, introducing ambiguity in both form and function. By doing so, Deconstructivism
challenges viewers to reconsider their preconceived notions of space and structure.
Deconstructivist architecture tends to appear visually dynamic, featuring a sense of
unpredictability and controlled chaos. Essentially, this movement applies Derrida's
deconstructive principles to the physical world of architecture, encouraging observers to
continually reinterpret and reassess the built environment. The famous architects who practiced
deconstructivism in architecture include Zaha Hadid, Frank Gehry, Rem Koolhaas, and Daniel
Libeskind.

5. Sustainable Architecture

Illustration of a modern, eco-friendly building featuring green roofs, solar panels, and integrated
green spaces, emphasizing sustainable architecture principles.

Imagine living in a house that breathes, thrives, and coexists harmoniously with nature.
Welcome to the world of sustainable architecture, where buildings are not just structures but
living entities designed to minimize environmental impact. From innovative skyscrapers with
integrated green spaces to homes that produce more energy than they consume, sustainable
architecture is revolutionizing how we live and build.

Green and Sustainable Architecture

Green architecture focuses on minimizing the environmental impact of buildings through

strategies such as energy efficiency, water conservation, and waste reduction. Sustainable
architecture goes a step further by considering broader ecological, social, and economic factors
in design decisions.

Design Philosophy of Sustainable Architecture

The design philosophy of sustainable architecture emphasizes harmony with nature, resource
efficiency, and social responsibility. It seeks to create buildings that enhance the well-being of
occupants, respect the natural environment, and contribute positively to society.
Environmental Concepts of Architectural Design

Environmental concepts in architectural design focus on minimizing environmental impact while

maximizing energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and occupant comfort. These concepts include
passive solar design, natural ventilation, daylighting, and green roofs.

Definition and Importance

What is Sustainable Architecture? Sustainable architecture is the practice of designing buildings

to reduce environmental impact through energy efficiency, use of sustainable materials, and
integration with the natural environment. It’s not just about building green; it's about creating
spaces that contribute positively to the ecosystem.

6. Traditional Architecture

Traditional Architecture in Cavite: A Timeless Appeal

Cavite, with its rich cultural heritage and picturesque landscapes, provides an idyllic backdrop
for traditional architecture. This timeless style, characterized by its classic designs, intricate
details, and warm ambiance, resonates deeply with the province’s heritage and lifestyle. In this
article, we’ll explore the allure of traditional architecture in Cavite and why it’s a perfect choice
for homeowners seeking a sense of charm and nostalgia.

Key Features of Traditional Architecture

Classic Designs

Traditional architecture draws inspiration from historical styles such as Colonial, Victorian, and
Spanish Colonial. These designs often feature symmetrical layouts, pitched roofs, and
decorative elements like columns, cornices, and balustrades.

Rich Materials

Natural materials such as wood, stone, and brick are commonly used in traditional homes.
These materials not only lend authenticity and character to the architecture but also contribute
to the home’s durability and longevity.

Warm and Inviting Interiors

Traditional homes are known for their cozy and welcoming interiors. Exposed wooden beams,
stone fireplaces, and hardwood floors create a sense of warmth and comfort, making every
room feel inviting and comfortable.

Timeless Elegance

One of the hallmarks of traditional architecture is its timeless elegance. The attention to detail,
craftsmanship, and proportionality imbue these homes with a sense of sophistication and grace
that never goes out of style.
Why Choose Traditional Architecture in Cavite?

Preserving Cultural Heritage

Cavite has a rich history influenced by Spanish colonial rule and indigenous Filipino culture.
Traditional architecture pays homage to this heritage, preserving the province’s cultural identity
and sense of place.

Blending with the Landscape

The natural beauty of Cavite, with its rolling hills, lush greenery, and serene lakes, provides the
perfect backdrop for traditional homes. The architectural style seamlessly integrates with the
landscape, creating a harmonious and picturesque setting.

Creating a Sense of Community

Traditional neighborhoods in Cavite often feature tree-lined streets, pedestrian-friendly

sidewalks, and communal spaces like parks and plazas. Traditional architecture fosters a sense
of community and belonging, bringing neighbors together in shared appreciation of their
surroundings.

Nostalgic Charm

For many homeowners, traditional architecture evokes a sense of nostalgia and sentimentality.
It harkens back to a simpler time when life moved at a slower pace, and craftsmanship was
valued. Building a traditional home in Cavite allows residents to reconnect with this bygone era
and create lasting memories for generations to come.

Sustainable Building Practices

Traditional building techniques often prioritize sustainability and environmental stewardship.

Using locally sourced materials, passive cooling techniques, and natural ventilation, traditional
homes in Cavite can minimize their carbon footprint and promote eco-friendly living.

7. High-Tech Architecture

High tech architecture is a newer style of architecture that emerged in the late 20th century. This
type of architecture is characterized by its use of modern, cutting-edge materials and
technologies. High tech architecture often features sleek, minimalist designs and is often
associated with futuristic or “hightech” images.

What is meant by high tech architecture?

High Tech is a style of architecture that emphasizes a building’s construction. It was a

development in British Modernist architecture from the late 1960s. High Tech was a concept of
design, based on engineering, construction and other aspects, such as the manipulation of
space.

The Pompidou Centre in Paris is one of the most well-known examples of High-Tech
architecture. Designed by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, the building features modular
services on the exterior, which allows for an enormous, uncluttered interior. While some have
described the building as ugly, it remains one of the most iconic and popular tourist destinations
in the city.

What is high style architecture

High Style architecture is a type of architecture that is focused on aesthetics and the needs of
the elite. It is often commissioned by large organizations, and construction is often not a local
effort.

Architecture is an important aspect of computer systems and networks. It defines the overall
design of the system and the logical and physical interrelationships between its components.
The architecture specifies the hardware, software, access methods and protocols used
throughout the system.

What are the 3 types of IT architects?

A software architect is responsible for the design and development of an organization’s software
system. They drive all critical decisions in regard to the system and are responsible for its
overall performance.

What style architecture is the white house?

An application architect is responsible for the design and development of an organization’s

applications. They are responsible for ensuring that all applications are compatible with the
software system and are able to work together seamlessly.

A data architect is responsible for the design and development of an organization’s data. They
are responsible for ensuring that all data is properly structured and stored in a way that is
accessible and easy to use.

The pharmaceutical industry is an example of a high-tech manufacturing industry. The medical

device manufacturing industry is another example of a high-tech manufacturing industry. The
aeronautics, space, and defense manufacturing industry is yet another example of a high-tech
manufacturing industry.

What is considered high-tech industry?

High-tech industries are those that are at the forefront of new and innovative technology. They
are oftenfast-paced and highly competitive, and they require workers with a broad range of
skills. STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) occupations are a key part of
these industries, and they are in high demand. In addition to engineers and IT workers, other
professionals in high-tech industries include scientists, postsecondary teachers, and managers
of these workers.

What are the main characteristics of gothic architecture?

The “Eco-efficient Construction” project is an initiative of the German Federal Ministry of

Economics and Technology to promote resource-saving and eco-friendly building.
Summary
Modernism

Modern commercial buildings, integral to urban landscapes, have evolved to meet changing
business and consumer demands, emphasizing flexibility, sustainability, and technological
integration across various types like office buildings, retail spaces, industrial properties,
hospitality venues, and mixed-use developments, each contributing uniquely to the economic
and social fabric of communities.

Postmodernism

Postmodern architecture, emerging in the '70s and '80s as a reaction against modernism,
combines elements from classicism and contemporary styles to create playful, eclectic designs
that reconnect architecture with the public, reflecting a blend of historical references and
modern aesthetics.

Brutalism

Brutalist architecture is distinguished by its raw, unapologetic aesthetic, featuring exposed

concrete facades and geometric forms, reflecting a post-WWII desire for honest, functional
design that prioritizes simplicity and durability over ornamentation.

4. Deconstructivism

Deconstructivism is an architectural movement that emerged in the 1980s, inspired by the

deconstruction philosophy of Jacques Derrida. This approach breaks down established
architectural conventions, resulting in fragmented forms, distorted shapes, and a deliberate
departure from symmetry. Deconstructivist architecture appears visually dynamic, featuring
unpredictability and controlled chaos, challenging viewers to reconsider their notions of space
and structure. Notable architects include Zaha Hadid, Frank Gehry, Rem Koolhaas, and Daniel
Libeskind.

5. Sustainable Architecture

Sustainable architecture focuses on minimizing environmental impact through energy efficiency,

water conservation, and waste reduction. It considers broader ecological, social, and economic
factors, aiming to create buildings that enhance occupant well-being, respect the environment,
and contribute positively to society. Key concepts include passive solar design, natural
ventilation, daylighting, and green roofs. The goal is to design buildings that harmonize with
nature and reduce their ecological footprint.
6. Traditional Architecture

Traditional architecture draws inspiration from historical styles like Colonial, Victorian, and
Spanish Colonial. It features classic designs, intricate details, and warm, inviting interiors.
Common materials include wood, stone, and brick, which lend authenticity and durability.
Traditional homes are known for their cozy ambiance, with exposed beams, stone fireplaces,
and hardwood floors creating a sense of warmth and comfort. This style's timeless elegance is
marked by attention to detail and craftsmanship, offering a sense of sophistication and grace.

7. High-Tech Architecture

High-tech architecture, which emerged in the late 20th century, is characterized by the use of
modern, cutting-edge materials and technologies, often featuring sleek, minimalist designs with
a futuristic aesthetic. This style emphasizes a building's construction, based on engineering and
the manipulation of space. Iconic examples include the Pompidou Centre in Paris, designed by
Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, featuring modular services on the exterior and an uncluttered
interior. High-tech architecture is also associated with the design and development of advanced
computer systems and networks, including the overall architecture of software systems,
applications, and data. High-tech industries, such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and
aerospace, are at the forefront of new and innovative technology, requiring a broad range of
STEM skills.

References
●​ "Deconstructivism." Dans Le Gris, https://danslegris.com/blogs/journal/deconstructivism.
Accessed 11 December 2024.
●​ "Sustainable Architecture." Architecture Courses,
https://architecturecourses.org/learn/sustainable-architecture. Accessed 11 December
2024.
●​ "Traditional Architecture in Cavite: A Timeless Appeal." EMI Construction,
https://emiconstructionph.com/traditional-architecture-in-cavite-a-timeless-appeal/592/.
Accessed 11 December 2024.
●​ "What is High-Tech Architecture?" Architecture Maker,
https://www.architecturemaker.com/what-is-high-tech-architecture/. Accessed 11
December 2024.
●​ ArchDaily. (n.d.). Mixed Use Architecture. Retrieved from ArchDaily
●​ DesignHorizons. (2024). Understanding Modern Commercial Building Types and
Features. Retrieved from DesignHorizons
●​ ArchDaily. (2020). Mixed Use Housing: Incorporating Commercial, Cultural and Industrial
Programs in a Home. Retrieved from ArchDaily