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Kushl Saboo 2021-09-23

19/29p

1.

Two fluids of densities p and 2p are layered in a cylindrical container of diameter d, as shown above. The height of
each fluid is h, and the pressure at the top of the column is P0. What is the absolute pressure at the inside surface of
the bottom of the container?
3pgh
4pgh
4pg/πd2
P0 + 3pgh
12pgh
P0 +
πd2
​ ​

Correct answer. 1/1p

2.
An underground tunnel has two openings, with one opening a few meters higher than the other. If air moves past the
higher opening at a greater speed than it moves past the lower opening, what happens inside the tunnel?
The air does not move.
Air moves from the lower opening toward the higher opening.
Air moves from the higher opening toward the lower opening.
Air enters both openings.
Air leaves both openings.

Correct answer. 1/1p

3.

A block is submerged in a container of liquid and held under the surface of the liquid by a string connected to the
bottom of the container, as shown in the figure above. The tension in the string is not zero. How does the buoyant
force FB exerted by the liquid on the block compare to the block’s weight w ?
FB < w
FB = w
FB > w
Either FB < w or FB > w, depending on the density of the liquid.

Correct answer. 1/1p

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4.
A 3.0 kg block hanging from a spring scale is submerged in a beaker of water until the spring scale reads 20 N. What
is the buoyant force on the block?
10 N
17 N
37 N
50 N
It cannot be determined without knowing the dimensions of the block.

Correct answer. 1/1p

5.

A student is modeling the flow of air around an airplane wing, as shown in the figure. The model assumes that the air
behaves like a fluid. Which of the following can exert an upward force on the wing?

The gravitational force on the wing

The difference in the normal forces exerted on the wing by the air above and below the wing

The difference in the force exerted by the air hitting the front of the wing and the back of the wing

The frictional force between the air and the wing

Correct answer. 1/1p

6.
The equation of continuity for an incompressible fluid, A1v1 = A2v2 , is essentially an expression of the conservation
of which of the following quantities?
Energy
Time
Linear momentum
Angular momentum
Mass

Correct answer. 1/1p

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7.

A fluid flows steadily from left to right in the pipe shown above. The diameter of the pipe is less at point 2 than at
point 1, and the fluid density is constant throughout the pipe. How do the velocity of flow and the pressure at points 1
and 2 compare?

Velocity Pressure

v1 < v2 p1 = p2

Velocity Pressure

v1 < v2 p1 > p2

Velocity Pressure

v1 = v2 p1 < p2

Velocity Pressure

v1 > v2 p1 = p2

Correct answer. 1/1p

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8.

A hollow rectangular box is filled with a liquid and can be placed in any of the three orientations shown above. In
which orientation will the fluid pressure at the bottom of the box be greatest, and why?
Orientation X, because pressure at the bottom of a fluid is greater when the vertical height of the
fluid is greater
Orientation Y, because pressure at the bottom of a fluid is greater when the width times the height of
the fluid is greater
Orientation Z, because pressure at the bottom of a fluid is greater when the area of the bottom surface
is greater
All three orientations have the same pressure, because the weight of the fluid is the same in each case.

Correct answer. 1/1p

9.

An ideal fluid with density 960 kg/m3 fills the pipe shown in the side view above and flows through it. The pipe has a
circular cross section, and the speed of the fluid at point A is 0.6 m/s . The difference in the pressure of the fluid at
points A and B is most nearly
1.2 × 103 Pa
2.6 × 103 Pa
3.8 × 103 Pa
6.4 × 103 Pa

Correct answer. 0/1p

10.
A team of engineering students is testing their newly designed 200 kg raft in the pool where the diving team
practices. The raft must hold a 730 kg steel cube with edges of length 45.0 cm without sinking. Assume the density
of water in the pool is 1000 kg/m3 .

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a) The students use a crane to gently place the cube on the raft but accidentally place it off center. The cube
remains on the raft for a few moments and then the raft tilts, causing the cube to slide off and sink to the bottom
of the pool. The raft remains floating in the pool. In a coherent paragraph-length response, indicate whether the
water level in the pool when the cube is on the bottom of the pool is higher than, lower than, or the same as
when the cube is on the raft, and explain your reasoning. For both cases, assume that there is no motion of the
water.

Answer:

The cube has to be located above the raft before submerging as that is when the water level rises more.

Vc = 0.45 x0.45x0.45 = 0.0911m^3

W = (200 +730) x 9.81
9123 = 1000 x 9.81 x Vs
Vs = 0.93 m^3

Vs > Vc

For indicating that a floating object displaces its weight in water 0/1p
For indicating that a submerged object displaces its volume in water 0/1p
For justifying with correct reasoning that the volume of displaced water required to make the cube float is much greater than the 0/1p
cube’s volume
For predicting that the water level is lower when the block is submerged (or higher when the block is floating) given some attempt 0/1p
to explain the concepts listed above
For a logical, relevant, and internally consistent response that addresses the required argument or question asked, and follows the 0/1p
guidelines described in the published requirements for the paragraph-length response
0/5p

b) The bottom of the pool is 5 m below the surface of the water. The crane is now used to lift the cube out of the
pool. The cube is lifted upward at a slow and constant speed, so all drag forces are negligible.

Predict how the force exerted by the crane on the cube when the bottom of the cube is at a depth of 2.0 m
compares to the force exerted by the crane on the cube when the bottom of the cube is at a depth of 4.0 m.
Explain your reasoning.

Answer:

Same upward buoyant force = Volume of cube x Pw x g is acting at depth of 2m and 4m.
Same downward focre of mg (weight) of cube is acting downward. Net force exterted by crane is same at
both depths.

For indicating that the tension is the same at any depth with a correct reference to the buoyant force 1/1p

c) On the black square below (uploaded as a background image in the drawing tool, or editable by clicking the edit
icon on the image), which represents the cube, draw and label the forces (not components) that are exerted on
the cube while the crane is lifting it and the bottom of the cube is 4 m below the surface of the water. Each force
must be represented by a distinct arrow starting on, and pointing away from, the black square. The lengths of the
arrows should approximately demonstrate the net force on the cube.

For a labeled buoyant force directed upward and a labeled gravitational force directed downward, with the buoyant force drawn 1/1p
shorter than the gravitational force
For a labeled tension force directed upward and the sum of the drawn vectors approximately indicating equilibrium 0/1p
1/2p

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d) Calculate the force exerted by the crane on the cube when the bottom of the cube is 4 m below the surface of the
water.

Answer:

Fb = 0.45 x 0.45 x 0.45 x 1000 x 10

= 911.25 N
mg = 7300 N
T = 6389 N

Force exterted by crane = 6389 N

For an expression obtained by using Newton’s 2nd law for equilibrium and the free body diagram in part (c) 1/1p
For correct substitutions into the buoyant force and the gravitational force expressions or a numerical answer implying correct 1/1p
substitutions of the given quantities

FTension = (730 kg)(9.8 m/s2) - (1000 kg/m3)(9.8 m/s2)(0.45m)3

FTension = 6300 N (or 6400 N using g = 10 m/s2)

2/2p

11.

A drinking fountain projects water at an initial angle of 50° above the horizontal, and the water reaches a maximum
height of 0.150 m above the point of exit. Assume air resistance is negligible.

a) Calculate the speed at which the water leaves the fountain.

Answer:

alpha = 50 º
hmax = 0.150 m
hmax = V0^2 sin ^2 alpha /2g
0.150 = V0^2 sin ^2 50º/ 2 x 9.81
V0 = Srqt (( 0.150 x 2 x 9.81 )/ sin^2 50º)
V0 = 2.24 m/s
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For a correct application of kinematics to the vertical motion 1/1p
v2Yf=v2y0−2gh=0v2y0=2gh
For correctly expressing the vertical component of the initial velocity 1/1p
For a correct solution
v0 sin 50o = 2gh−−−√ v0 = 2gh√sin 50o = 2(9.8m/s2 )(0.150m)√sin 50o MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagCart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi
v0 = 2.24 m/s (or 2.26 m/s using g = 10 m/s2)
3/3p
-3
b) The radius of the fountain’s exit hole is 4.00 x 10 m. Calculate the volume rate of flow of the water.

Answer:

Q = Av --> Q = π r^2 x v
Q = π(4.00 x 10 ^-3) ^2
Q = 0.000252 m^3/s
= 0.252 litre/s

For a correct expression for the volume flow rate, using an area of πr02 1/1p
Volume flow rate = A0v0 = πr02v0
For a correct solution with correct units, consistent with v0 found in part (a) 0/1p
Volume flow rate = π(4.00 x 10-3 m)2 (2.24 m/s)
Volume flow rate = 1.13 x 10-4 m3/s
1/2p

c) The fountain is fed by a pipe that at one point has a radius of 7.00 x 10-3
m and is 3.00 m below the fountain’s
opening. The density of water is 1.0 x 103 kg/m3. Calculate the gauge pressure in the feeder pipe at this point.

Answer:

Q = π r ^2 x V1
0.000252 = π (7.00 x 10 ^-3) ^2 x V1
V1 = 0.000252 / ( (7.00 x 10 ^-3) ^2 )
V1 = 1.637594m/s

P1 + pgh1 + 1/2 pv1^2 = P2 + pgh2 + 1/2 pv2^2

P gauge = 0.5 Pwater (v2^2 - v1^2)
= 0.5 (1.0x 10 ^3) (2.24^2 - 1.64^2)
= 1166.7 N/m^2

For a correct expression for the water velocity in the feeder pipe with substitutions consistent with previous work 1/1p
A0v0 = Apvp
vp=A0Apv0=(r0rp)2v0=(4.00×10-3m7.00×10-3m)22.24m/s
For a correctly calculated answer consistent with previous work 1/1p
vp = 0.731 m/s (or vp = 0.738)
For a correct expression of Bernoulli’s equation 1/1p
P0+pgh0+12pv20=Pp+pghp+12pv2pPp−P0=pg(h0−hp)+12p(v20−v2p)
For consistent/correct substitutions of heights and velocities 0/1p
Pp−P0=(1.0×103kg/m3)(9.8m/s2)(3.00m)+12(1.0×103kg/m3)[(2.24m/s)2−(0.731m/s)2]
For correctly accounting for atmospheric pressure (with no obvious algebraic errors) leading to an answer 0/1p
P0 is atmospheric pressure, and PP = P0 + Pgauge
Pgauge = Pp − P0 = 3.16 x 104 Pa ( or 3.23 x 104 Pa)
3/5p

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