Objective:

• Laboratory services influence the efficiency and effectiveness of both clinical

and public health functions, including diagnosis, treatment, health promotion,
disease prevention –WHO
• Laboratory services are essential to guide decision-making processes by
clinicians, public health specialists, and health policy makers – WHO
• Laboratory services, operating according to international principles of quality
and safety, are an essential part of strong health systems and are crucial to
improving health care. The analyses that laboratories provide offer a reliable
foundation for evidence-based control of disease – NIH

Location:
DHQ New Gate from Tehsil Rd, Okara, Punjab 56300, Pakistan
https://maps.app.goo.gl/28kd4ASjHLCvesk6A

Lab Structure:
Depending upon the services provided and expected patient load, Safe lab structure is designed in
accordance with Lab technologist/technician, health administrative, architect and Civil engineer. Whole
inventory is listed to the investors for finance support.
• Reception and waiting Area
• Phlebotomy Section & other sample Collection
• Lab Sections
• Routine Biochemistry
• Special Biochemistry
• Hematology
 • Routine Microbiology
• Pathologist Room
• Manager’s Room
• Staff Room
• Inventory and Store room
• Wash rooms
• Power Room

The procedures for establishing basic requirement for laboratory facilities are determined after
considering the following points.
1. The amount work to be performed
2. The type and number of technical units (e.g Serology, hematology)
3. The number of personnel that will be working in each unit
4. The equipment and furniture required in each unit
5. The auxiliary areas needed: a. Administration, reception b. technical washing, sterilization,
reagent and media preparation, storage.

6. Utility Services and Distribution

The Laboratory Environment- Facilities:

All laboratories need at least a building, power supply, and water supply that suits their activities.
Most often, laboratories are hampered in their operation because of limited space or inefficient use of
the space available. This is because insufficient attention has been given to the design and planning of
the laboratory. The first and most essential part in planning a health laboratory is for those involved,
i.e. the laboratory personnel, health officials and administrators, and the architect, to have a clear idea
of laboratory requirements.
The laboratory technician plays a leading role in the planning and design of laboratory facilities.
Therefore, he/she must have full knowledge of the needs of a clinical laboratory, particularly: - The
geographical area where it will serve best - The space and equipment required the lab technician
should workout this in collaboration with the health administrator and the architect, to prepare a
functional program giving details on the size and the general characteristics of the laboratory to be
designed, taking budgetary considerations into account. This functional program will consist of a
detailed description (qualitative and quantitative) of the activities of each unit and thus determine the
space and equipment required. It should also give full information about the operation of the
laboratory so that the architect may design the layout more efficiently.
 • Rooms
• Walls
• Permanent Walls
• - Main working room (minimum 12x15 feet): for specimen
• Partitions can be temporary • collection, processing and examination.
• Ceiling • - Washing room (minimum 6x6 feet): for cleaning all
• Easily disinfected • laboratory ware and disposal of excreta.
• Sealing
• Height 8.5-9.5 feet • - Store room (minimum 6x6 feet):
• Doors • for safe storage of stocks of reagents and consumables, and equipment that is not in use.
• Easily disinfect • Sinks and Basins
• At least 3 feet wide (split in half)
• Floor
• chemical resistant material, e.g. ceramic
• resistant to acids, alkali and salts • Furniture
• Windows • Bench: 0.9 meter high and 0.5 meter wide
• 90 cm above floor • Easy Cleaning Material
• Cupboards and Shelves
• Stool: 0.6 meters high
• Water and Electricity

Services Offered:
I. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
II. Hemoglobin Level (Hb, HBA1C) & Hematocrit (ESR)
III. Coagulation Tests (PT, APTT, D-dimer)
IV. Blood Typing (ABO, Rh)
V. Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate (ESR)
VI. Blood Parasite Examination (Malarial PF)
VII. ELISA
VIII. Screening (HBsAg, HCV, HIV, Malaria, Syphilis)
IX. Basic Metabolites Panel (Na+, K+, Cl, Bicarbonates, Ca2+)
X. Liver Function Tests (ALT, AST, ALP, Bilirubin)
XI. Kidney Function Tests (Creatinine, Urea, BUN) and Uric Acid
XII. Lipid Profile (Cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TG)
XIII. Serum Protein level
XIV. Urinalysis
XV. Fecal analysis
XVI. Collection Center for (Molecular Biology, Culture)

Equipments and Inventory

Sysmex XP 300 1M 1
Swelab Alpha Plus 0.4M 1
Olympus CX23 0.4M 2
Eoscare HBA1C analyzer 0.3M 1
Easylyte Electrolyte Analyzer 0.3M 1
Fridge/Refrigirator 0.1M 2
CL-900i 2.1M 1
Humastar 300SR 0.3M 1
Vortex Mixer
Incubator 0.15M 1
Erba PT/APTT analyzer 0.2M 1
DLab Centrifuge D0506 0.8M 2
Micro Pipette 1000mL 2500 2
Micro Pipette 100mL 2500 2
Micro Pipette 10mL 1500 2
Pipette Stand 3000 2
ESR stand 3500 1
Sample Racks 8 1600
CBC Vials
Clot Vials
NaF Vials
Culture Bottles
ESR Vials
Room thermometer
Digital thermometers
HCV ICT kits
HBsAg ICT kits
HIV ICT
Syphilis ICT
Dengue ICT
Malaria ICT
Gloves
Masks
Stool for H. Pylori devices
UPT ICT
Sample Save cups
Trop I ICT
CRP Kit
RA factor Kit
Blood Typing Kit
Chemistry Reagents
Hematology Reagents
Stains
Electrolyte Reagent
PT/APTT reagent
Yellow Tip
 Blue Tip
Syringes
Tourniquets
Slides
Cover Slips
Waterbath
Glassware and Plastic Ware
Cotton/banadges
Neubauer Chamber
First Aid Kits
Spill Kits
Senitizers
Normal Saline/Deionized Water
Disinfectant

Other items:

Chairs
Sofa
Stools
LED bulbs
Ceiling Fans
AC
Tables
Computers
Printers
LCDs
Wall Clocks
Cabinets
Steel Cabinets
File cabinets
Wash Bason
Shelves
Cabin Under Shelves
UPS
Batteries
Fire Extinguishers
Switch boards
Biohazard Symbols
Chlorine Treatment

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in a medical laboratory are written instructions that outline
the step-by-step processes and protocols to be followed in various aspects of laboratory operations,
ensuring consistent and standardized practices for quality control and patient safety.
SOPs cover areas such as specimen collection, laboratory safety, test request and reporting,
equipment management, staff training, and incident reporting. They promote accuracy, regulatory
compliance, and operational efficiency within the laboratory.

Medical Lab:
1) Specimen Collection and Handling:

a. Clearly define the procedures for collecting different types of specimens.

b. Provide guidelines on appropriate containers, transport media, and labeling
requirements.
c. Describe the necessary precautions for handling potentially infectious specimens.
d. Outline the process for ensuring proper specimen identification and tracking.

2) Laboratory Safety:

a. Specify safety guidelines for handling hazardous chemicals, biological materials, and
equipment.
b. Provide instructions for the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such
as gloves, lab coats, and masks.
c. Define procedures for waste disposal, including biohazardous waste segregation and
disposal protocols.
d. Detail emergency response plans and evacuation procedures.

3) Quality Control and Assurance:

a. Outline procedures for instrument calibration, maintenance, and performance

verification.
b. Specify guidelines for internal quality control (IQC) and external quality assessment
(EQA) programs.
c. Describe the process for documenting and addressing non-conforming results or
equipment failures.
d. Provide guidelines for proficiency testing and staff competency assessment.

4) Test Request and Reporting:

a. Define the process for accepting test requests, including required patient information.
b. Specify the turnaround time expectations for different types of tests.
c. Outline the procedure for result verification, including the use of double-checking or
second-reader protocols.
d. Describe the reporting format and guidelines for result interpretation.

5) Laboratory Information Management:

a. Establish procedures for maintaining accurate and complete patient records.

b. Define guidelines for data entry, including proper coding and nomenclature usage.
c. Describe the process for result reporting and result retrieval.
d. Outline the security measures and data backup protocols to ensure confidentiality and
data integrity.

6) Equipment and Reagent Management:

 a. Establish guidelines for the receipt, storage, and inventory management of laboratory
equipment. b. Define procedures for the storage, handling, and disposal of laboratory
reagents and consumables.
b. Specify the process for equipment qualification, including installation, operational,
and performance qualification.
c. Detail the protocol for tracking and documenting equipment maintenance and repairs.

7) Staff Training and Competency:

a. Define the process for initial and ongoing staff training, including safety, SOPs, and
test-specific protocols.
b. Outline the requirements for maintaining staff competency records.
c. Specify procedures for documenting staff training and updating training materials.
d. Detail the process for handling staff shortages or temporary replacements.

8) Change Control and Document Management:

a. Establish procedures for managing changes to SOPs, including review, approval, and
version control.
b. Define the process for communicating and implementing changes to laboratory staff.
c. Specify guidelines for archiving and retaining records of previous versions of SOPs
and related documents.
d. Detail the procedure for periodic review and revision of SOPs to ensure their
accuracy and relevance.

9) Incident Reporting and Investigation:

a. Define the process for reporting and documenting laboratory incidents, errors, and
near misses.
b. Specify guidelines for investigating incidents, including root cause analysis and
corrective actions. c. Establish procedures for communicating incident findings and
implementing preventive measures. d. Detail the process for tracking and trending
incidents to identify potential areas for improvement.

10) External Stakeholder Interaction:

a. Establish guidelines for communicating with healthcare providers, patients, and

external laboratories.
b. Define the process for addressing inquiries, complaints, and requests for additional
information.
c. Specify procedures for collaborating with external stakeholders on research projects
or quality improvement initiatives.
d. Detail the protocol for participating in external proficiency testing programs or
regulatory inspections
Lab Waste Management:
Chemical waste management is a critical aspect of laboratory operations. Proper handling,
storage, and disposal of chemical waste are essential to ensure the safety of laboratory personnel,
protect the environment, and maintain regulatory compliance.
The overriding principle governing the prudent handling of laboratory waste is that no activity
should begin unless a plan for the disposal of nonhazardous and hazardous waste has been
formulated. Application of this simple principle ensures that the numerous state and federal
regulatory requirements for waste handling are met and avoids unexpected difficulties, such as
the generation of a form of waste (e.g., chemical, radioactive, biological) that the institution is not
prepared to deal with.

There are four tiers to waste management to reduce its environmental impact:

 pollution prevention and source reduction;

 reuse or redistribution of unwanted, surplus materials
 treatment, reclamation, and recycling of materials within the waste
 disposal through incineration, treatment, or land burial