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Problem Solving Cycle

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3 views

Problem Solving Cycle

Uploaded by

sumair3964
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROBLEM SOLVING CYCLE

FOR EDUCATION

SUBMITTED TO, SUBMITTED BY,


Sumaira Naz
Dr. Muhammad Akram Malik
Roll# 08
Institute Of Southern Punjab M.Phil Education
Multan. 2nd Semester
What is a problem?
PROBLEM
 A problem is a part of a situation, that has
some kind of barrier, so that it cannot
complete its function and cannot reach its
purpose (Shibata, 1998).

Anytime actual performance does not


match expectations.

For example: students retentation,


budget, policy implementation, outdated
curriculum etc.
PROBLEM SOLVING CYCLE
FOR EDUCATION
 A systematic process to identifying, analyzing and
resolving educational problems.

 Focusing on improving student learning outcomes,


teaching practices, and school operations.
Problem solving is a tool, a skill and a process;

 It is a TOOL because it can help you solve an


immediate problem or to achieve a goal.

 It is a SKILL because once you have learnt it you


can use it repeatedly.

 It is also a PROCESS because it involves taking a


number of steps
Evolution of problem solving
approach (19th Century)
John Dewey
‘Reflective thinking’
• Identifying and
formulating a problem
• Collecting facts that
lead to a solution
• Examining each
solution
• Decide the action to be
taken
20th Century
• Learner-centered JEROME BURNER

• Collaborative

• Discovery-based
learning( Jerome
Bruner)
students should
"learn by doing" and
actively participate in
the learning process.
21st Century

 Focuses on Information technology,


globalization, personalized learning

 Personalized learning involved the


problem solving approach which
emphasize not just academic knowledge
but also creativity, communication,
collaboration, and digital literacy.
SKILLS NEED FOR SOLVING A
PROBLEM
 Knowledge
 Motivation
 Experience
 Communication skills
 Learning skills
 Group skills
STEPS OF PROBLEM SOLVING CYCLE

1. Identify the problem


2. Analyze the problem
3. Generating possible solutions
4. Select the best solution
5. Implement the solution
6. Evaluation and revision
STEP-1
IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM
IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM

• Involve understanding the task

• Gain a clear understanding of what needs to


be
. solved and why it is important
1. Where did the problem start?
2. What do i know about the problem? What is the
current state and desired state?
3. How is it happening?
4. When is it happening?
6. Whom is it happening to? No blaming
7. Why is it happening?
8. Which part causes it?
STEP 2
ANALYSE THE PROBLEM
ANALYSE THE PROBLEM
Problem analysis often involves
collecting and analyzing data.

Conducting research, reviewing existing


knowledge, or consulting experts or
peers.

Making decisions based on facts rather


than assumptions or guesswork, leading
to more reliable outcomes.
ANALYSE THE PROBLEM

 Helps in deciding which resources


(time, people, budget) are necessary
and ensures that efforts are not wasted
on unnecessary actions

 Helps in developing long-term


solutions instead of quick fixes
STEP 3
GENERATING POSSIBLE
SOLUTIONS
BRAIN STROMING
• Brainstorming is a
process of group
discussion to produce
the diverse ideas.

• Lead to innovative,
out-of-the-box
solutions.
 A systematic approach to questioning, ensure
you don’t miss any important areas.
 If you don’t ask the right questions, you can’t
possibly get the right answers.
 The best questions nearly always start with:

WHAT? WHY? WHEN?


WHO? WHERE? HOW MUCH?
 Because such questions cannot be
answered with a single word, but require some
form of comment.
STEP 4
SELECT THE BEST
SOLUTION
SELECT THE BEST SOLUTION
It involves,
 Evaluate the proposed solutions

 Considering their feasibility, effectiveness, and


potential outcomes

 Best solution is selected based on the careful


judgement, which is supposed to solve the
problem swiftly and smoothly
STEP 5
IMPLEMENT THE SOLUTION
IMPLEMENT THE SOLUTION
 The important step of the problem-solving
process is to practically solve the
problem by implementing the selected
solution.

Execute your plan of action.

 Decide how you will move forward with your


decision by determining the steps
STEP 6
EVALUATION AND REVISION
EVALUATION AND REVISION
• To judge the effectiveness of the solution

• Monitor your decision

• To redefine the problem and revise the


problem-solving process in case the initial
solution fails to manage the problem
effectively
EVALUATION AND REVISION
Assess the results of your solution.
• Are you satisfied with the results?

• Did your solution resolve the problem?

• Did it produce a new problem?

• Do you have to modify your solution to


achieve better results?
MERITS OF PROBLEM SOLVING
 It help to stimulate thinking
 Improved student outcomes
 Enhanced teaching practices
 Data-informed decision-making
 Continuous school improvement
 It help to enhance the reasoning power
 Helps to increase knowledge
 Discussion help to develop the power of expression
of the students
 Learning become more interesting
 It gives power of critical judgement
DEMERITS OF PROBLEM SOLVING
 Limited resources.
 Resistance to change.
 Insufficient data.
 Limited stakeholder engagement.
 Complexity of educational problems
 It involves lot of times.
 It need very capable teacher to provide
effective guidance and knowledge to
students.
THANKS

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