Monday, December 2, 2024

SYLLABUS 🚌 :

ELECTRICAL SCIENCE :

• DC Circuits:
• Passive circuit components
• Basic laws of Electrical Engineering
• Temperature Resistance Coef cients
• Voltage and current sources
• Series and parallel circuits
• Power and energy
• Kirchhoff's Laws
• Nodal & Mesh Analysis
• Delta-star transformation
• Circuit theorems:
◦ Superposition theorem
◦ Thevenin's theorem
◦ Norton's theorem
◦ Maximum power transfer theorem
• Time domain analysis of rst Order RC & LC circuits

• AC Circuits:
• Representation of sinusoidal waveforms
• Peak and RMS values
• Phasor representation
• Power concepts:
◦ Real power
◦ Reactive power
◦ Apparent power
◦ Power factor
• Single-phase AC circuit analysis:
◦ R, L, C combinations
◦ RL circuits
◦ RC circuits
◦ RLC circuits (series and parallel)
◦ Resonance
• Three phase balanced circuits:
◦ Star connection voltage and current relations
◦ Delta connection voltage and current relations

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 • D. C. Generators & Motors:
• DC Machines:
◦ Principle of operation of Generators & Motors
◦ Speed Control of shunt motors:
▪ Flux control
▪ Rheostatic control
▪ Voltage control
◦ Speed control of series motors
• AC Machines:
◦ Generators & Motors principle of operation
◦ Revolving Magnetic eld
◦ Squirrel cage and phase wound rotor
◦ Starting of Induction motors:
▪ Direct on line starters
▪ Star Delta starters
◦ Synchronous machines

• Transformers:
• Transformers:
◦ Construction and principle of operation
◦ Equivalent circuit
◦ Losses in transformers
◦ Regulation and ef ciency
◦ Auto-transformer
◦ Three-phase transformer connections
• Measuring Instruments:
◦ Electromagnetism
◦ Different Torques in Indicating instruments
◦ Moving Iron Instruments:
▪ Construction & Principle
▪ Attraction and Repulsion type
◦ Moving Coil instruments:
▪ Permanent Magnet type
▪ Dynamometer type Instruments

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 MANUFACTURING PROCESS :

• UNIT 1:
• De nition of manufacturing
• Importance of manufacturing towards technological and social economic development
• Classi cation of manufacturing processes
• Properties of materials
• Metal Casting Processes:
◦ Sand casting
◦ Sand moulds
◦ Type of patterns
◦ Pattern materials
◦ Pattern allowances
◦ Types of Moulding sand and their Properties
◦ Core making
◦ Elements of gating system
• Description and operation of cupola
• Special casting processes:
◦ Shell casting
◦ Pressure die casting
◦ Centrifugal casting
• Casting defects

• UNIT 2 :
◦ Welding principles
◦ Classi cation of welding processes
◦ Fusion welding
◦ Gas welding
▪ Equipments used
▪ Filler and Flux materials
◦ Types of welding:
▪ Electric arc welding
▪ Gas metal arc welding
▪ Submerged arc welding
▪ Electro slag welding
▪ TIG and MIG welding process
▪ Resistance welding
◦ Welding defects

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• UNIT 3:
• Deformation Processes:
◦ Hot working and cold working of metals
◦ Forging processes:
▪ Open die forging process
▪ Closed die forging process
▪ Typical forging operations
◦ Rolling of metals
◦ Rod and wire drawing:
▪ Principle of rod drawing
▪ Tube drawing
◦ Extrusion:
▪ Principle of Extrusion
▪ Types of Extrusion
▪ Hot and Cold extrusion
◦ Sheet metal operations:
▪ Typical shearing operations
▪ Bending and drawing operations
▪ Stretch forming operations
▪ Metal spinning

• UNIT 4 :
• Powder Metallurgy:
◦ Introduction of powder metallurgy process
◦ Powder production
◦ Blending
◦ Compaction
◦ Sintering
• Manufacturing Of Plastic Components:
◦ Types of plastics
◦ Characteristics of forming and shaping processes
◦ Moulding of Thermoplastics:
▪ Injection moulding
▪ Blow moulding
▪ Rotational moulding
▪ Film blowing
▪ Extrusion
▪ Thermoforming
◦ Moulding of thermosets:
▪ Compression moulding
▪ Transfer moulding
◦ Bonding of Thermoplastic

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• APPLIED MATHEMATICS :

• Unit I :
• Partial derivatives
• Chain rule
• Differentiation of Implicit functions
• Exact differentials
• Maxima, Minima and saddle points
• Method of Lagrange multipliers
• Differentiation under Integral sign
• Jacobians and transformations of coordinates

• Unit II :
• Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs):
◦ Basic Concepts
◦ Geometric Meaning of y'= ƒ(x, y)
◦ Direction Fields
◦ Euler's Method
◦ Separable ODEs
◦ Exact ODEs
◦ Integrating Factors
◦ Linear ODEs
◦ Bernoulli Equation
◦ Population Dynamics
◦ Orthogonal Trajectories
• Homogeneous Linear ODEs with Constant Coef cients
• Differential Operators
• Modeling of Free Oscillations of a Mass–Spring System
• Euler–Cauchy Equations
• Wronskian
• Nonhomogeneous ODEs
• Solution by Variation of Parameters
• Power Series Method for solution of ODEs:
◦ Legendre's Equation
◦ Legendre Polynomials
◦ Bessel's Equation
◦ Bessel's functions Jn(x) and Yn(x)
◦ Gamma Function

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• Unit III :
• Linear Algebra:
◦ Matrices and Determinants
◦ Gauss Elimination
◦ Linear Independence
◦ Rank of a Matrix
◦ Vector Space
◦ Solutions of Linear Systems and concept of Existence, Uniqueness, Determinants
◦ Cramer's Rule
◦ Gauss–Jordan Elimination
◦ The Matrix Eigenvalue Problem
◦ Determining Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
◦ Symmetric, Skew-Symmetric, and Orthogonal Matrices
◦ Eigenbases
◦ Diagonalization
◦ Quadratic Forms
◦ Cayley – Hamilton Theorem (without proof)

• Unit IV :
• Vector Calculus:
◦ Vector and Scalar Functions and Their Fields
◦ Derivatives, Curves
◦ Arc Length
◦ Curvature
◦ Torsion
◦ Gradient of a Scalar Field
◦ Directional Derivative
◦ Divergence of a Vector Field
◦ Curl of a Vector Field
◦ Line Integrals
◦ Path Independence of Line Integrals
◦ Double Integrals
◦ Green's Theorem in the Plane
◦ Surfaces for Surface Integrals
◦ Surface Integrals
◦ Triple Integrals
◦ Stokes Theorem
◦ Divergence Theorem of Gauss

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 • APPLIED CHEMISTRY :

• Unit I: Fuels
• Classi cation and Characteristics of fuels
◦ Calori c values
◦ Comparison between solid, liquid and gaseous fuels
◦ Determination of calori c values
▪ Bomb calorimeter
▪ Boy's calorimeter
▪ Theoretical calculation using Dulong formula
• Types of fuels:
◦ Solid Fuels
▪ Coal - proximate and ultimate analysis
▪ Carbonisation of coal in Otto-Hoffman oven
▪ Metallurgical coke
◦ Liquid Fuels
▪ Petroleum products - re ning
▪ Cracking - thermal and catalytic
▪ Knocking characteristics
▪ Octane and Cetane rating
◦ Gaseous Fuels
▪ Natural Gas (NG)
▪ CNG
▪ LPG
▪ Coal gas
▪ Oil gas
▪ Producer gas
▪ Water gas

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 • Unit II
• Phase Rule
◦ Terms used in Gibb's Phase rule
◦ Phase diagram and applications
▪ One-component systems: Water and Sulphur
▪ Two-component systems: Lead-Silver and Zinc-Magnesium
• Polymers.
◦ Classi cation, functionality and types
◦ Plastics
▪ Polyethylene Plastics (Addition polymers)
▪ LDPE (low-density polyethene)
▪ HDPE (high-density polyethylene)
▪ LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene)
▪ UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene)
▪ Vinyl Plastics (Condensation polymers)
▪ Nylons
▪ Phenol-formaldehyde resins (Bakelite)
▪ Glyptal
◦ Speciality Polymers
▪ Engineering thermoplastics
▪ Conducting polymers
▪ Electroluminescent polymers
▪ Liquid crystalline polymers
▪ Biodegradable polymers

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 Unit III: Water
• Water Quality and Hardness
◦ Water quality standards and characteristics
◦ Hardness determination using EDTA method
◦ Alkalinity determination
• Boiler Water Problems and Treatment
◦ Scale, sludge, corrosion, and embrittlement
◦ Internal treatments: carbonate, phosphate, colloidal conditioning
◦ External treatments: lime soda, zeolite, ion-exchange
• Water Treatment Methods
◦ Municipal water treatment
◦ Break-point chlorination
◦ Desalination and reverse osmosis
◦ Electrodialysis and de uoridation

Unit IV: Corrosion and Green Chemistry

• Corrosion Fundamentals
◦ Types: Dry/chemical and wet/electrochemical
◦ Varieties: Galvanic, soil, pitting, stress corrosion
◦ Iron rusting mechanism and passivity
• Corrosion Protection
◦ Galvanization and tinning
◦ Cathodic and sacri cial anodic protection
◦ Material selection and design
• Green Chemistry
◦ Twelve principles
◦ Zero waste technology
◦ Alternative materials and methods
• Nanochemistry
◦ Nanomaterial properties and synthesis
◦ Characterization: BET and TEM
◦ Applications

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 • APPLIED PHYSICS :

Unit I: Introduction to Thermodynamics

• Fundamental Ideas of Thermodynamics
◦ The Continuum Model
◦ Concept of System, State, Equilibrium, Process
◦ Equations of state
◦ Heat and Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
◦ Work, First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics
◦ Entropy

Unit II: Waves, Oscillations, and Electromagnetic Theory

• Waves and Oscillations
◦ Wave motion
◦ Simple harmonic motion
◦ Wave equation
◦ Superposition principle
• Electromagnetic Theory
◦ Maxwell's equations
◦ Work done by electromagnetic eld
◦ Poynting's theorem
◦ Momentum and Angular momentum
◦ Electromagnetic waves and energy

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 Unit III: Wave Optics
• Interference
◦ Division of wave front (Young's double slit, Fresnel's biprism)
◦ Division of amplitude (thin lms, Newton's rings, Michelson's
interferometer)
◦ Coherence and coherent sources
• Diffraction
◦ Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction
◦ Single slit, double slit, and diffraction grating
◦ Circular aperture diffraction
◦ Resolving and dispersive power
◦ Rayleigh criterion and optical instruments
• Polarization
◦ Brewster's law and Malu's law
◦ Nicol prism and double refraction
◦ Quarter-wave and half-wave plates
◦ Optical activity and Laurent half shade polarimeter

Unit IV: Modern Physics

• Theory of Relativity
◦ Michelson-Morley Experiment
◦ Reference frames and Galilean transformations
◦ Special relativity postulates
◦ Lorentz transformations
◦ Time dilation and length contraction
◦ Velocity addition and mass-energy equivalence
◦ Maxwell's equations invariance
• Laser Physics
◦ Coherence
◦ Einstein A and B coef cients
◦ Population inversion
◦ Basic principle and operation
◦ He-Ne laser and Ruby laser

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