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TC202 Lecture 11

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29 views14 pages

TC202 Lecture 11

Uploaded by

umemawaheed7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Signals and Systems TC-202

LECTURE # 11
TOPICS:
• PROPERTIES OF CONTINUOUS TIME FOURIER SERIES
• EXAMPLES

INSTRUCTOR: DR. SUNDUS ALI, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,


DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, NED UET
2
Linearity

 Let x(t) and y(t) be two periodic CT signals such that:

 Let z(t) be a sum of linear combination of x(t) and y(t) such that:
 Where, A and B are real and constants, then the Fourier Series Coefficients of z(t), called
ck can be written as linear combination of Fourier series coefficients of x(t) and y(t).
Mathematically,
3
Time Shifting

 Time shift applied to CT periodic signal x(t) (Time period is same). The Fourier Series Coefficients bk of the
resulting signal y(t)=x(t-t0) may be written as:

Proof:
 Let = − , in the integral, and keeping time period is same T, we obtain:

 where ak is the kth Fourier Series Coefficient of x(t). That is if:

 Then

 Magnitudes of Fourier series coefficients remain unaltered due to time shifting. i.e.
4
Time Reversal

 Period T of CT periodic signal ( ) remains unchanged when signal undergoes time reversal. For Fourier series
Coefficients of ( ) = − ( ), let us consider the effect of time reversal of synthesis equation:

 Substitute =− ,

 The RHS of equation has the form of F.S synthesis equation for (− ), where the F.S. Coefficients are:

 That is, if:

 Then:
 F.S. coefficients for even ( ) are also even-i.e., = . Similarly, if ( ) is odd, so that ( − ) = − ( ), then
so are its F.S. coefficients-i.e., = −
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Time Scaling

 Time scaling changes the period of the underlying signal.

 If ( ) is periodic with period T and fundamental frequency = , then ( ), where is a positive


real number, is periodic with period ⁄ and fundamental frequency .
 Since the time-scaling operation applies directly to each of the harmonic components of ( ), we
may easily conclude that the Fourier coefficients for each of those components remain the same.

 While the Fourier coefficients have not changed, the Fourier series representation has changed
because of the change in the fundamental frequency.
6
Conjugate Property

 Taking the complex conjugate of a periodic signal ( ) has the effect of complex conjugation and
time reversal on the corresponding Fourier series coefficients. That is, if

 Then

 Some interesting consequences of this property may be derived for real x(t), when x(t) = x*(t). In
particular, in this case, we see that the Fourier series coefficients will be conjugate symmetric, i.e.,

 if x(t) is real and even, then so are its Fourier series coefficients. Similarly, it can be shown that if x(t) is
real and odd, then its Fourier series coefficients are purely imaginary and odd.
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Differentiation Property
8
Integration Property
9
Parseval’s Relation

 Parseval's relation for continuous-time periodic signals is

 where the are the Fourier series coefficients of ( ) and T is the period of the signal. Note that the
left-hand side is the average power in one period of the periodic signal ( ). Also,

 so that is the average power in the harmonic component of ( ). Thus, what Parseval's
relation states is that the total average power in a periodic signal equals the sum of the average
powers in all of its harmonic components.
10
Multiplication Property

 Multiplication ( ) = ( ) ( )
Then, = ∑
 Discrete Time convolution between coefficients of
( ) and ( )
11
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Example 1

 Consider the signal ( ) with a fundamental period of 4. We could determine the Fourier series
representation of ( ) directly from the analysis equation. Instead, we will use the relationship of ( ) to
the symmetric periodic square wave ( ). Referring to that example, we see that, with = = ,

 = − −

 The time-shift property indicates that, if the F.S coefficients


of ( ) are denoted by , the coefficients
of ( − ) may be expressed as:
 The Fourier coefficients of the DC offset in ( )-i.e.,
− / are given by:
13
Example 1

 Applying the linearity property, we conclude that the coefficients for ( ) may be expressed
as:

 Where each may now be replaced by the corresponding expression, yielding


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Example 2

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