NATIONAL CERTIFICATE

IN JOURNALISM & MEDIA

STUDIES

NCJM
Teaching Syllabus
 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
IN JOURNALISM & MEDIA
STUDIES

NCJM
Teaching Syllabus
A product of the National Curriculum Development Centre for
the Ministry of Education and Sports

Published by

National Curriculum Development Centre

P.O. Box 7002,
Kampala- Uganda
www.ncdc.co.ug

ISBN: 978-9970-00-xxxxx

All rights reserved: No part of this publication may be re-

produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the
copyright holder
 NCJM

FOREWORD ...........................................................................................................................VIII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................................................. IX

ACRONYMS............................................................................................................................... X
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1

GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR IMPLEMENTING NCJM CURRICULUM ........................................................... 3

FINAL PAPER EXAMINATIONS FORMAT ............................................................................................ 9
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE FOR NCJM ........................................................................................ 15
FOCUS OF TRAINING ................................................................................................................. 16
ROLES OF THE LEARNERS, TEACHERS, AND ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF....................................................... 16
ROLE OF THE LEARNERS ............................................................................................................. 16
ROLE OF TEACHING STAFF .......................................................................................................... 17
ROLE OF ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF ................................................................................................. 18
CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES........................................................................................................ 18
EFFECTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................ 19
TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS ............................................................................................ 19
SUMMARY OF THE PROGRAMME STRUCTURE FOR NCJM .................................................................. 23
DETAILED MODULE DESCRIPTION YEAR FOR 1 SEMESTER 1.................................................... 25
NCJM 111: FUNDAMENTALS OF MASS COMMUNICATION ..................................................... 25

Sub-module 1: Concept of Communication ...................................................................... 25

Sub module 2: Levels of Communication .......................................................................... 26
Sub-module 3: Types of Communication .......................................................................... 27
Sub-module 4: Barriers to Effective Communication......................................................... 27
Sub-module 5: Communication Technologies................................................................... 28
NCJM 112: PRINCIPLES OF NEWS WRITING AND REPORTING ................................................. 30

SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO NEWS .................................................................................... 30

SUB-MODULE 2: NEWS GATHERING AND SOURCES .......................................................................... 31
SUB-MODULE 3: BASICS OF NEWS REPORTING ................................................................................ 33
SUB-MODULE 4: BASICS OF NEWS WRITING ................................................................................... 34
Sub-module 5: Writing the Basic News Stories ................................................................. 34
NCJM 113: PRINCIPLES OF RADIO PRODUCTION ..................................................................... 36
SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO RADIO PRODUCTION .................................................................. 36

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SUB-MODULE 2: RADIO BROADCASTING ....................................................................................... 37

SUB-MODULE 3: RADIO STUDIO AND ITS COMPONENTS .................................................................... 38
SUB-MODULE 4: RADIO PROGRAMMES ......................................................................................... 39
NCJM 114: ETHICS IN JOURNALISM ........................................................................................ 40

SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO JOURNALISM ETHICS .................................................................. 40

SUB-MODULE 2: ETHICAL ISSUES IN JOURNALISM ............................................................................ 41
SUB MODULE 3: JOURNALISM CODE OF CONDUCT ........................................................................... 42
SUB MODULE 4: UNETHICAL ISSUES IN JOURNALISM ......................................................................... 42
SUB-MODULE 5: INTERNATIONAL CANONS OF JOURNALISM ............................................................... 43
NCJM 115: SOCIAL CONCEPTS OF MEDIA ................................................................................ 45
SUB-MODULE 1: SOCIAL LIFE ...................................................................................................... 45
SUB-MODULE 2: SOCIAL CHANGE ................................................................................................ 46
SUB-MODULE 3: CULTURE ......................................................................................................... 47
SUB-MODULE 4: FAMILY ........................................................................................................... 47
SUB-MODULE 5: SOCIAL PROBLEMS ............................................................................................. 48
SUB-MODULE 6: SOCIAL STRATIFICATIONS ..................................................................................... 49

NCJM 116: REAL-LIFE PROJECT 1 ............................................................................................. 51

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING ...................................................................................... 51

DETAILED MODULE DESCRIPTION FOR YEAR 1 SEMESTER 2.................................................... 53

NCJM 121: PUBLIC SPEAKING................................................................................................. 53

SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEAKING ...................................................................... 53

SUB-MODULE 2: PARTS OF A SPEECH ............................................................................................ 54
SUB-MODULE 3: FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN PUBLIC SPEAKING .............................................................. 55
SUB-MODULE 4: VOICE AND BODY LANGUAGE ................................................................................ 55
SUB-MODULE 5: TYPES OF SPEECH ............................................................................................... 56
SUB-MODULE 6: ART OF CREATIVE SPEAKING ................................................................................. 57
NCJM 122: PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS ....................................................................... 58
SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC RELATIONS .................................................................... 58
SUB-MODULE 2: ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS OF A PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER .............................................. 59
Sub-module 3: Publics ..................................................................................................... 59
Sub-module 4: Images..................................................................................................... 60
Sub-module 5: Components of Public Relations .............................................................. 60
Sub-module 6: Public Relations Tools............................................................................... 61
NCPE 123: PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS .................................................................................. 63

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SUB-MODULE 1: ECONOMIC CONCEPTS ........................................................................................ 63

SUB-MODULE 2: PRICE THEORY .................................................................................................. 64
SUB-MODULE 3: CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ..................................................................................... 65
SUB-MODULE 4: PRODUCTION THEORY ........................................................................................ 65
SUB-MODULE 5: MARKET STRUCTURES ........................................................................................ 66
SUB-MODULE 6: NATIONAL INCOME ............................................................................................ 67
SUB-MODULE 7: MONEY AND BANKING ....................................................................................... 68
SUB-MODULE 8: INFLATION ....................................................................................................... 69
SUB-MODULE 9: INTERNATIONAL TRADE....................................................................................... 69
NCCA124 : COMPUTER APPLICATIONS .................................................................................... 71
SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ............................................................................. 71
SUB-MODULE 2: OPERATING SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 72
SUB-MODULE 3: DESKTOP MAIN MENU ....................................................................................... 73
SUB-MODULE 4: WORD PROCESSING........................................................................................... 74
SUB-MODULE 5: PRINTING , SCANNING AND COPYING DOCUMENTS ..................................................... 75
SUB-MODULE 6: MICROSOFT EXCEL ............................................................................................ 76
SUB-MODULE 7: INTERNET AND E-MAIL ....................................................................................... 76
SUB-MODULE 8: BASIC NETWORKING ........................................................................................... 78

NCED 125: ELEMENTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT .............................................. 79

SUB-MODULE 1: CONCEPTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ........................................................................ 79
SUB-MODULE 2: CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION .............................................................................. 80
SUB-MODULE 3: BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES ................................................................................... 81
SUB-MODULE 4: SMALL SCALE AND MEDIUM AND ENTERPRISES (SMES) .............................................. 82
SUB-MODULE 5: BUSINESS PLANNING ........................................................................................... 82
SUB-MODULE 6: MANAGING A B USINESS ...................................................................................... 83
SUB-MODULE 7: ENTREPRENEURSHIP ETHICS ................................................................................. 84
NCJM126: REAL-LIFE PROJECT 2 .............................................................................................. 86
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................................................ 86

DETAILED MODULE DESCRIPTION FOR YEAR 2 SEMESTER 1.................................................... 87

NCJM 211: WRITING FOR THE MEDIA ..................................................................................... 87
SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA WRITING ....................................................................... 87
SUB-MODULE 2: TECHNICAL TERMS IN MEDIA ................................................................................ 88
SUB-MODULE 3: WRITING FORMATS ............................................................................................ 88
SUB-MODULE 4: PRINCIPLES OF WRITING NEWS STORIES .................................................................. 89
SUB-MODULE 5: WRITING SKILLS ................................................................................................ 90
NCJM 212: CONTEMPORARY MEDIA APPLICATIONS ............................................................... 92

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SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO CONTEMPORARY MEDIA ............................................................. 92

SUB-MODULE 2: TYPES OF MEDIA TECHNOLOGY AND THEIR APPLICATION ............................................. 93
SUB-MODULE 3: MEDIA TRANSITION ........................................................................................... 93
SUB-MODULE 4: SOCIAL MEDIA AND NEWS REPORTING .................................................................... 94

NCJM 213: FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDIA LAW .......................................................................... 96

SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA LAW ............................................................................. 96
SUB-MODULE 2: SOURCES OF MEDIA LAW..................................................................................... 97
SUB-MODULE 3: ADMINISTRATION OF LAW IN UGANDA .................................................................... 97
SUB-MODULE 4: OFFENCES ........................................................................................................ 98
SUB-MODULE 5: DEFAMATION ................................................................................................... 99
SUB-MODULE 6: KEY ACTORS IN THE MEDIA .................................................................................. 99
NCJM 214: PHOTOJOURNALISM ........................................................................................... 101

SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION PHOTOJOURNALISM ..................................................................... 101

SUB-MODULE 2: THE CAMERA .................................................................................................. 102
SUB-MODULE 3: CONSIDERATIONS FOR TAKING PICTURES ............................................................... 103
SUB-MODULE 4: PICTURE ........................................................................................................ 103
SUB-MODULE 5: DIGITAL PROCESSING OF PHOTOGRAPHS ................................................................ 104
NCJM 215 PRINCIPLES OF ADVERTISING ............................................................................... 106

SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO ADVERTISING ......................................................................... 106

SUB-MODULE 2: TECHNIQUES OF ADVERTISING ............................................................................. 107
SUB-MODULE 3: ADVERTISING MEDIA ........................................................................................ 107
SUB-MODULE 4: DEVELOPING AN ADVERTISEMENT ........................................................................ 108
SUB-MODULE 5: SALES PROMOTION .......................................................................................... 109
NCJM 216: REAL-LIFE PROJECT 3 ........................................................................................... 111
DETAILED MODULE DESCRIPTION FOR YEAR 2 SEMESTER 2.................................................. 112
NCJM 221: PRINCIPLES OF TELEVISION PRODUCTION .......................................................... 112
SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO TELEVISION PRODUCTION .......................................................... 112
SUB-MODULE 2: TYPES OF TELEVISION STATIONS........................................................................... 113
SUB-MODULE 3: MEDIA ROLE .................................................................................................. 113
SUB-MODULE 4: TELEVISION PROGRAMMES ................................................................................. 114
SUB-MODULE 5: TELEVISION PERSONNEL .................................................................................... 115
SUB-MODULE 6: EQUIPMENT USED IN TELEVISION PRODUCTION ....................................................... 115
SUB-MODULE 7: THE DIGITAL VIDEO CAMERA .............................................................................. 116
SUB-MODULE 8: CAMERA SHOTS............................................................................................... 117

NCJM 222: VIDEO EDITING AND PRODUCTION................................................................... 119

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SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO VIDEO EDITING AND PRODUCTION ............................................... 119

SUB-MODULE 2: V IDEO PRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 120
SUB-MODULE 3: V IDEO EDITING ............................................................................................... 120
SUB-MODULE 4: IMAGE COMPOSITION ....................................................................................... 121
SUB-MODULE 5: SCRIPT PRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 122
SUB-MODULE 6: STUDIO SCENERY ............................................................................................ 122

NCKS 223: BASIC KISWAHILI.................................................................................................. 125

SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO KISWAHILI ............................................................................. 125
SUB-MODULE 2: DEFINITE ARTICLES ........................................................................................... 126
SUB-MODULE 3: POLITE LANGUAGE ........................................................................................... 127
SUB-MODULE 4: INDEFINITE ARTICLES ........................................................................................ 127
SUB-MODULE 5: NUMBERS AND ARITHMETIC ............................................................................... 128
SUB-MODULE 6: GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX .................................................................................... 128
SUB-MODULE 7: PROFESSIONAL RELATED VOCABULARY .................................................................. 129
NCPS 224: FUNDAMENTALS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE .............................................................. 131
Learning Outcomes ....................................................................................................... 131
SUB-MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE .................................................................. 131
SUB-MODULE 2: POLITICAL SYSTEMS .......................................................................................... 132
SUB-MODULE 3: POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES ...................................................................................... 132
SUB-MODULE 4: EFFECTS OF POLITICAL CHANGE ........................................................................... 133
SUB-MODULE 5: ORGANIZATION OF THE MAJOR POLITICAL SYSTEMS ................................................. 134
SUB-MODULE 6: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ................................................................................ 135

NCJM 225: REAL-LIFE PROJECT 4 ........................................................................................... 137

WINDING UP OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................................... 137
NCJM 226: INTERNSHIP TRAINING ........................................................................................ 138
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................... 139

APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... 146

APPENDIX I: INTERNSHIP GUIDELINES.......................................................................................... 146
APPENDIX II: INTERNSHIP ASSESSMENT FORM FOR WORK SUPERVISOR................................................ 147
APPENDIX III: INTERNSHIP ASSESSMENT FORM FOR ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR ......................................... 149
APPENDIX IV: FIELD ATTACHMENT REPORT AND GUIDE FOR INTERNSHIP ............................................. 151


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‘˜‡”‡– ‘ˆ ‰ƒ†ƒ –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ —””‹ —Ž— ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‡–”‡ǡ
—†‡”–Š‡‹‹•–”›‘ˆ†— ƒ–‹‘ƒ†’‘”–•‡„ƒ”‡†‘”‡˜‹‡™‹‰–Š‡—•‹‡••ǡ
‡ Š‹ ƒŽƒ†‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ —””‹ —Žƒ–‘ƒ‡‹– ‘’‡–‡ ‡„ƒ•‡†ƒ•ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡†ˆ‘”
„› –Š‡  –”ƒ–‡‰‹  Žƒ ȋʹͲͳͳ – 2020) of “Skilling Uganda”. Government
‡’Šƒ•‹•Šƒ•„‡‡’Žƒ ‡†‘’”‘˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ•‹ŽŽ•ƒ†™‘”ƒ––‹–—†‡•ˆ‘”
ƒŒ‘”‹–› ‘ˆ ‰ƒ†ƒ• ™‹–Š ƒ ˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ‹’”‘˜‹‰ •‡”˜‹ ‡ †‡Ž‹˜‡”› ƒ† ‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰
’”‘†— –‹˜‹–›‘ˆ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǥ

‘‡•—”‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†•–ƒ†ƒ”†•ƒ ”‘••–Š‡ ‘—–”›ǡ–Š‡‹‹•–”›–Š”‘—‰Šƒ–‹‘ƒŽ

—””‹ —Ž— ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‡–”‡ ȋȌ ‹ ’ƒ”–‡”•Š‹’ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹‘—•
‹•–‹–—–‹‘• –Šƒ– Šƒ† †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ —””‹ —Žƒ –‘‘ —’ –Š‡ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ
Šƒ”‘‹œ‹‰ –Š‡ —””‹ —Žƒ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ˆ‘” ƒŽŽ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘• „‘–Š ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ ƒ† ’—„Ž‹ Ǥ
‘˜‡”‡– ˆ—”–Š‡” •–”‡ƒŽ‹‡† –Š‡ ’‘•– ”†‹ƒ”› Ž‡˜‡Ž ’”‘‰”ƒ‡• –‘ ”— ˆ‘”
–™‘›‡ƒ”•ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ‹‘ˆ‡“—ƒ–‹‰•— Š“—ƒŽ‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•–‘–Š‡†˜ƒ ‡†‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡
‘ˆ †— ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† –‘ ƒŽŽ‘™ ˆ‘” ’”‘‰”‡••‹‘ǡ ƒ† ‹ ƒ ‘”†ƒ ‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡
”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘˜‡”‡–Š‹–‡ƒ’‡”ȋͳͻͻʹȌǤ

Š‡Šƒ”‘‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹• —””‹ —Ž—™ƒ•’”‡‹•‡†‘–Š‡ —””‡–Žƒ„‘—”ƒ”‡–

†‡ƒ†•ǡ ƒ‹‰ ‹– Ž‡ƒ”‡” ‡–‡”‡†ǡ ƒ† ‘’‡–‡ ‡ „ƒ•‡†Ǥ  – ˆ‘ —•‡• ‘ ‘”‡
–ƒ••ƒ† ‘–‹—‘—•ƒ••‡••‡–•ǡ™‹–Š‡ƒ Š•‡‡•–‡”‹˜‘Ž˜‹‰‡š‡ —–‹‘‘ˆƒ”‡ƒŽ
Ž‹ˆ‡’”‘Œ‡ ––Šƒ–ƒ‡•–Š‡‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‘’‡–‡–‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆ™‘”Ǥ

Š‡ —””‡– ‡˜‹”‘‡– ‹• ˜‡”› †›ƒ‹  ƒ† ”‡ƒ–‡• ƒ Ž‘– ‘ˆ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡
Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ†•‘ ‹‡–›ƒ–Žƒ”‰‡ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ƒ†
‡†‹ƒ •–—†‹‡• ’”‘‰”ƒ ‹• ƒ‹‡† ƒ– ‡“—‹’’‹‰ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ™‹–Š •‹ŽŽ• ‹ —†‹‘
’”‘†— –‹‘ǡ ‡™• ‡’‘”–‹‰ǡ ‹†‡‘‰”ƒ’Š›ǡ Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š› ƒ†
ƒ”‡–‹‰Ȁ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡–Ǥ – ™‹ŽŽ ‰—‹†‡ –Š‡ ‘ Š‘™ –‘ †‡ƒŽ ™‹–Š ‹••—‡• ™Š‹ Š
‰”‡ƒ–Ž›‹’ƒ –‘•‘ ‹‡–›ƒ†–Š‡†ƒ›–‘†ƒ›‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ„—•‹‡••Ǥ

ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡ ‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ƒ† ‡†‹ƒ •–—†‹‡• ‹•–Š—•ǡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ•
that support Government Policy implementation by contributing to Uganda’s
‡ ‘‘›Ǥ

• ‹‹•–‡” ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ˆ‘” †— ƒ–‹‘  —”‰‡ „‘–Š ’—„Ž‹  ƒ† ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ —•‹‡••ǡ
‡ Š‹ ƒŽǡ‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†‘–Š‡”–‡”–‹ƒ”›‹•–‹–—–‹‘• Šƒ”‰‡†™‹–Šƒ†—–›‘ˆ–”ƒ‹‹‰
‹–Š‡ ‘—–”›ǡ–‘‡„”ƒ ‡–Š‹•’”‘‰”ƒǤ

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ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ —””‹ —Ž— ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‡–”‡ ȋȌ ‡š–‡†• ‹–• ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘ –‘ ƒŽŽ
’ƒ‡Ž‡„‡”•ƒ†‹•–‹–—–‹‘•–Šƒ–’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡†‹†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰–Š‹• —””‹ —Ž—Ǥ
”‡ƒ––Šƒ•‰‘–‘‰ƒ†ƒ—•‹‡••ƒ†‡ Š‹ ƒŽšƒ‹ƒ–‹‘•‘ƒ”†ȋȌǡ
ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘• „‘–Š ‹ ‘–‡– ƒ† ˆ‹ƒ ‡ –Šƒ– ‡ƒ„Ž‡† –Š‹• ’”‘ ‡•• –‘
„‡ ‘‡ƒ”‡ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ
ˆ—”–Š‡”ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡•–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒ––Š‡‘ǡ‰ƒ†ƒ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡•
‘ˆ‘‡” ‡ǡ—•‹‡••ǡ‡ Š‹ ƒŽǡ‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†‘–Š‡”‡”–‹ƒ”› •–‹–—–‹‘•ƒ†
–Š‡ ™‘”Ž† ‘ˆ ™‘” ˆ‘” ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ ’ƒ‡ŽŽ‹•–• †—”‹‰ –Š‡ Šƒ”‘‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‹•
—””‹ —Ž—Ǥ

ƒ•– „—– ‘– Ž‡ƒ•–ǡ  ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡• –Š‡ —””‹ —Ž— •’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹•–• ™Š‘ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡†
–Š‡’”‘ ‡••ˆ”‘’”‘ˆ‹Ž‹‰–‘–Š‡Šƒ”‘‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘–‡–Ǥ‘”‡–Šƒ•‰‘–‘
‘•—Ž–ƒ–•™Š‘ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡†–Š‡’”‘ˆ‹Ž‹‰ƒ†Šƒ”‘‹•ƒ–‹‘’”‘ ‡••Ǥ

‡•ŠƒŽŽƒŽ™ƒ›•„‡‰”ƒ–‡ˆ—Žˆ‘”ƒŽŽ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘•–Šƒ–ƒ†‡–Š‹•™‘”•— ‡••ˆ—ŽǤ

 

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—•‹‡••Ǥ‡ Š‹ ƒŽƒ†‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†— ƒ–‹‘ƒ†”ƒ‹‹‰

‘’‡–‡ ‡ƒ•‡††— ƒ–‹‘ƒ†”ƒ‹‹‰
 ”‘••‘‡•–‹ ”‘†— –
 ”‘••ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ”‘†— –
  ‘’ƒ –‹• 
 ”ƒ†‡‘‹–˜‡”ƒ‰‡
   ——Žƒ–‹˜‡ ”ƒ†‡‘‹–˜‡”ƒ‰‡
  ‘–ƒ – ‘—”•
 ‡–”ƒŽ”‘ ‡••‹‰‹–
 ”‡†‹–‹–
‹‰‹–ƒŽ‡”•ƒ–‹Ž‡‹• 
  Ž‡ –”‘‹ ‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ†‡ƒ Š‹‰˜‹”‘‡–
   ‹‡Ž†‹•‹– ‘—”•
  ”ƒ†‡‘‹–
 ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›
  —‹‘”‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡
‘ ƒŽ”‡ƒ‡–™‘”
   ‡ –—”‡ ‘—”•
‘  ‹‹•–”›‘ˆ†— ƒ–‹‘ƒ†’‘”–•
   ‹‹•–”›‘ˆ ‡ƒŽ–Š
  ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ—””‹ —Ž—‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‡–”‡
 ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†‡†‹ƒ–—†‹‡•
ƒ†‘ƒ ‡••‡‘”›
‡ƒ†‘Ž›‡‘”›
 —–‘”‹ƒŽ ‘—”
‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘
ƒŽŽƒ†‡†‹—–‡”’”‹•‡•
   ”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ ‘—”•
‰ƒ†ƒ—•‹‡••ƒ†‡ Š‹ ƒŽšƒ‹ƒ–‹‘•‘ƒ”†
‰ƒ†ƒ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡‘ˆ†— ƒ–‹‘
‹†‡‘ƒ”†
 •‹†‡‘ ‘‡”•
‹†‡”‡ƒ‡–™‘”
  ‘”Ž†‘ˆ‘”

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 Ž‘„ƒŽŽ›ǡ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ƒ† –Š‡ ‡†‹ƒ ƒ”‡ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ  Š‡
ƒ––ƒ‹‡– ‘ˆ •—•–ƒ‹ƒ„Ž‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– †‡’‡†• ‘ •‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹  ƒ† ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ
‡˜‹”‘‡– ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ‡†‹ƒ ‹• ‹’‘”–ƒ–Ǥ Š‡ ‡†‹ƒ ‹• ‡ƒ– –‘
•‡”˜‡„‘–Š‡Ž‹–‡ƒ†–Š‡‰”ƒ••”‘‘–•Ǥ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†–Š‡‡†‹ƒƒ”‡‡š’‡ –‡†–‘ˆ‘ —•
–Š‡‹” –‹‡ ƒ† ”‡•‘—” ‡• ‘ •‡•‹–‹˜‡ ‹••—‡• –Šƒ– ƒ––‡” ‘•– –‘ –Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ Š‡
‡†‹ƒ Šƒ• ƒ ’‘™‡”ˆ—Ž ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‹ ƒ†˜ƒ ‹‰ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‹ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰
‘—–”‹‡•Ǥ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•—•‡•–Š‡‡†‹ƒ–‘‹ˆ‘”ǡ‡†— ƒ–‡ƒ†•‡•‹–‹•‡–Š‡’—„Ž‹ ‘
‹••—‡• –Šƒ– ™‹ŽŽ ‡ƒ ‹’ƒ–‡ ƒ† ‡’‘™‡” •‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ Š‡ ‡†‹ƒ ‹• —•‡† ƒ• ƒ –‘‘Ž –‘
’—”•—‡ƒ† ‘–”‹„—–‡–‘–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽƒ†‡ ‘‘‹  ‰‘ƒŽ•‘ˆ ƒƒ–‹‘„›’—„Ž‹ ‹•‹‰
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ™‘” –Šƒ– ™‹ŽŽ ‡”‹ Š –Š‡ Ž‹˜‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǥ Ž•‘ǡ –Š‡ ‡†‹ƒǡ ‹ˆ
‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡Ž› —–‹Ž‹œ‡†ǡ ƒ Š‡Ž’ –‘ ƒ Š‹‡˜‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ —‹–› ƒ† ’ƒ–”‹‘–‹• ƒ‘‰ –Š‡
‹–‹œ‡•ǡ–Š‡”‡„›ˆ‘•–‡”‹‰’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ƒ†’”‘‘–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”
’‡ƒ ‡ƒ†•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ –•Š‘—Ž†„”‹‰–‘–Š‡Ž‹‡Ž‹‰Š–™Šƒ––Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡‡‡†ƒ†™Šƒ–
–Š‡›‡š’‡ –ˆ”‘–Š‡‰‘˜‡”‡–Ǥ

  ˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ ƒ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ’”‘ˆ‹Ž‡ ™ƒ• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ™Š‹ Š ‹• ƒ
ƒƒŽ‰ƒƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• –ƒ•• ˆ”‘ ™Š‹ Š ‘†—Ž‡• ™‡”‡ ˆ‘”‡†Ǥ Š‹• Ž‡† –‘
–Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ƒ ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‡’– ™Š‹ Š ‹ Ž—†‡† ˆ‘ —• ‘ˆ ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡ
ƒ••‡••‡– ”‹–‡”‹ƒǡ ”‘Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ† ƒ ƒ†‡‹  •–ƒˆˆǤ Š‡ •‹ŽŽ• –‘ „‡
ƒ “—‹”‡†™‹ŽŽ‡Šƒ ‡–Še learners’ confidence and ability to participate effectively
‹ ‹ ‘‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‰ ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ ‘– ‘Ž› ƒ• ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ „—•‹‡•• ™‘”Ž†ǡ „—–
ƒŽ•‘ƒ• ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹–‹œ‡•†‡ƒŽ‹‰™‹–Š‹••—‡• ‡ƒƒ–‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡™‘”–Šƒ–‹’ƒ –
on other people’s lives.

ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡ ‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ƒ† ‡†‹ƒ •–—†‹‡• ‹• ƒ‹‡† ƒ– ‡“—‹’’‹‰ –Š‡
Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ™‹–Š ‘†‡” ’”‡•• ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ •‘—” ‹‰ ƒ† ƒƒ‰‡‡– •‹ŽŽ•Ǥ Š‡
—””‹ —Ž—ǡ –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ‰—‹†‡• –Š‡ –‡ƒ Š‡” ‹ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”Ǧ ‡–”‡† ‡–Š‘†• ‘ˆ
‘†— –‹‰–”ƒ‹‹‰•‡••‹‘•—•‹‰ ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”› –‡ƒ Š‹‰ƒ†Ž‡ƒ”‹‰•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•
™Š‹ Š ™‹ŽŽ ‡•—”‡ –Šƒ– Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ‰ƒ‹ –Š‡ †‡•‹”‡† ‘’‡–‡ ‡•Ǥ Š‡ —””‹ —Ž—
ˆ—”–Š‡” ‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡• ’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ǡ ’”‘Œ‡ –• ƒ† ƒ “—‹•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‹ŽŽ• „› –Š‡
Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Ǥ Š‡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡• –Šƒ– Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ”‡ ‡š’‡ –‡† –‘ ƒ “—‹”‡ ƒ”‡ Ž‡ƒ”Ž› •’‡Ž–
‘—–‹‡ƒ Š‘†—Ž‡ ‘˜‡”‡†‹–Š‡•‡‡•–‡”Ǥ


Š‹• —””‹ —Ž—™Š‡™‡ŽŽ‹’Ž‡‡–‡†™‹ŽŽ’”‘†— ‡ƒŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–™Š‘‹•ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ‘„•‡”˜‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– —Ž–—”‡• –Š”‘—‰Š ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘ ™‹–Š ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡• ‘ˆ
’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›•‡ƒ” Šƒ†’”‘†— ‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

1
 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN JOURNALISM & MEDIA STUDIES

‹‹‹Ȍ ƒ’’Ž›ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡–‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›–‘ ‘ŽŽ‡ –ǡ’”‘ ‡••ƒ†•–‘”‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

‹˜Ȍ ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›ƒƒŽ›•‡‹••—‡•‹•‘ ‹‡–›ƒ††‹••‡‹ƒ–‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
˜Ȍ ™”‹–‡ƒ —”ƒ–‡ǡ‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ǡˆƒ‹”ƒ†„ƒŽƒ ‡†•–‘”‹‡•Ǥ

2
2
 NCJM

Š‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ƒŽŽ‡† ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡ ‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ƒ† ‡†‹ƒ
–—†‹‡•ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‡†ƒ•NCJMǤ

Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†‡†‹ƒ–—†‹‡•‹•ƒˆ—ŽŽǦ–‹‡’”‘‰”ƒ‡

–ƒ—‰Š–‹–™‘ƒ ƒ†‡‹ ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ

ƒ Š ƒ ƒ†‡‹  ›‡ƒ” ™‹ŽŽ „‡ †‹˜‹†‡† ‹–‘ –™‘ •‡‡•–‡”•ǣ •‡‡•–‡” ͳ ƒ† ʹǤ ƒ Š
•‡‡•–‡” ™‹ŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ •‡˜‡–‡‡ ȋͳ͹Ȍ ™‡‡•ǡ ‘’”‹•‹‰ ˆ‹ˆ–‡‡ ȋͳͷȌ ™‡‡• ‘ˆ
–‡ƒ Š‹‰ƒ†Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ǡƒ† ‘–‹—‘—•ƒ••‡••‡–ǡƒ†–™‘ȋʹȌ™‡‡•‘ˆ’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ
ƒ†™”‹––‡ˆ‹ƒŽ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

Š‡•›•–‡ ƒ–‡”•ˆ‘”ˆ”‡‡‡š‹–„‡ˆ‘”‡ ‘’Ž‡–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒ‡‘ ‡–Š‡

Ž‡ƒ”‡”‘„–ƒ‹•”‡ƒ•‘ƒ„Ž‡•‹ŽŽ•–‘‡ƒ„Ž‡Š‹ȀŠ‡”†‘•‘‡™‘”–‘‡ƒ”ƒŽ‹˜‹‰Ǥ
— ŠƒŽ‡ƒ”‡”ƒ›”‡–—”–‘ ‘–‹—‡™‹–Š–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒ‡ƒ–ƒŽƒ–‡”†ƒ–‡ƒ•Ž‘‰
ƒ•‹–‹•†‘‡™‹–Š‹ƒ–‹‡ˆ”ƒ‡‘ˆͷ›‡ƒ”•ˆ”‘–Š‡†ƒ–‡‘ˆ‡”‘Ž‡–Ǥ

 ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡•ŠƒŽŽ„‡‡Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”ƒ†‹••‹‘–‘–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•

ƒ† ‡†‹ƒ –—†‹‡• ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ ‘ ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‹‹—
“—ƒŽ‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǣ

a) Ordinary Level Entry Scheme

Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒŠ‘Ž†‡”‘ˆƒ‰ƒ†ƒ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡‘ˆ†— ƒ–‹‘ ȋȌ™‹–Š

ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•––Š”‡‡’ƒ••‡•‘„–ƒ‹‡†ƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡•‹––‹‰Ǥ

b) Certificate Entry Scheme

Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ •Š‘—Ž† Š‘Ž† ƒ —‹‘” ‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡ ȋ Ȍ ‘” ƒ› ‘–Š‡”
”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ”‘ƒ”‡ ‘‰‹•‡†‹•–‹–—–‹‘Ǥ

Š‡ —””‹ —Ž—ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†‡†‹ƒ–—†‹‡•‹•„ƒ•‡†‘

ƒ‘†—Žƒ”•›•–‡Ǥ—”‹‰–Š‡–”ƒ‹‹‰ǡ ‘–‹—‘—•ƒ••‹‰‡–••ŠƒŽŽ„‡ ƒ””‹‡†‘—–

3
 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN JOURNALISM & MEDIA STUDIES

ƒ• ƒ  ”‡“—‹”‡‡–Ǥ ƒ Š ‘†—Ž‡ ‘–ƒ‹• •—„Ǧ‘†—Ž‡• –Šƒ– ™‹ŽŽ Š‡Ž’ –Š‡
Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†Š‘™–‘’‡”ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘”‡–ƒ••–Š”‘—‰Šǣ

• ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‘™Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ
• ’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ‹˜‘Ž˜‡‡–Ǥ
• ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽƒ––‹–—†‡Ǥ

Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ƒŽ•‘ •ŠƒŽŽ ƒ””› ‘—– ƒ ”‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡ ’”‘Œ‡ – –‘ ’—– ‹–‘ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ –Š‡
‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ† ‘’‡–‡ ‡•ƒ “—‹”‡†‹ Žƒ••Ǥ

   ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ƒ› ‘’– –‘ ˆ—”–Š‡” Š‡”ȀŠ‹• ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‹’”‘˜‡ ‘ Š‡”ȀŠ‹•
•‹ŽŽ•„›‘ˆˆ‡”‹‰ƒ†‹’Ž‘ƒƒ†‘”†‡‰”‡‡‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†‡†‹ƒ–—†‹‡•‘”ƒ›
‘–Š‡””‡Žƒ–‡†’”‘‰”ƒ‡‘ˆŠ‹•ȀŠ‡” Š‘‹ ‡Ǥ

ƒȌ ƒ Š‘†—Ž‡•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ••‡••‡†‘—–‘ˆͳͲͲƒ”•ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ

‘–‹—‘—•ƒ••‡••‡–•  ͶͲΨ
‹ƒŽ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘•  ͸ͲΨ

„Ȍ ‘–‹—‘—•ƒ••‡••‡–•

Š‡•‡•ŠƒŽŽ„‡‡‹–Š‡”‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‘”‰”‘—’„ƒ•‡†ƒ••‹‰‡–•ǤŠ‡›•ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•–‘ˆǣ
‹Ǥ ’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ™‘”Ǥ
‹‹Ǥ Žƒ••”‘‘‡š‡” ‹•‡•ƒ†’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
‹‹‹Ǥ ƒ••‹‰‡–•Ǥ
‹˜Ǥ –‡•–•Ǥ
˜Ǥ ‹–‡”•Š‹’ƒ†’”‘Œ‡ –•‡š‡ —–‹‘Ǥ

Ȍ Š‡”‡•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ˆ‹ƒŽ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘•™‹–Š‹–Š‡Žƒ•––™‘™‡‡•‘ˆ‡˜‡”›•‡‡•–‡”
•‡–ƒ† ‘†— –‡†„›Ǥ

†Ȍ  ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†–‘Šƒ˜‡ƒ “—‹”‡†ƒ ‘’‡–‡ ‡‘’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰

–ƒ••”‡“—‹”‡†‹–Š‡Žƒ„‘—”ƒ”‡–Ǥ‡—•–Šƒ˜‡ƒ––‡†‡†ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–͹ͷΨ‘ˆ
–Š‡ ‘†—Ž‡ Ž‡••‘• ƒ† †‘‡ „‘–Š ‘–‹—‘—• ƒ••‡••‡–• ƒ† ‡† ‘ˆ
•‡‡•–‡”ˆ‹ƒŽ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

4
4
 NCJM

‡Ȍ ‘–‹—‘—• ƒ••‡••‡–• •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ Šƒ†Ž‡† „› –Š‡ –”ƒ‹‹‰ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘• ƒ†
˜‡”‹ˆ‹‡†„›Ǥ

Š‹•‹˜‘Ž˜‡•ƒ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•—„Œ‡ –‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ ’”‘ ‡•••‹ŽŽ•ƒ†–”ƒ•ˆ‡”ƒ„Ž‡

ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ǤŠ‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†ƒ’’Ž› Žƒ••”‘‘‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ†•‹ŽŽ•’”‘ƒ –‹˜‡Ž›‹ƒ
”‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡ ‘–‡š– ˆ‘” ƒ ‡š–‡†‡† ’‡”‹‘†Ǥ ƒ Š Ž‡ƒ”‡” •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ ”— ƒ
’”‘Œ‡ – ‘—–•‹†‡ Žƒ••”‘‘ –‹‡Ǥ – –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ ‡˜‡”› •‡‡•–‡” –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” •Š‘—Ž†
Šƒ˜‡ƒ˜‹ƒ„Ž‡”‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡’”‘Œ‡ –‘–Š‡‰”‘—†–‘„‡ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ƒ–‡†„›Ǥ”‘Œ‡ –
™‘” •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ƒ••‡••‡† ‘–‹—‘—•Ž› „› –Š‡ ‹•–”— –‘”• ƒ† ƒ”‡† ‘—– ‘ˆ ͳͲͲΨ
Œ—•– Ž‹‡ ‘–Š‡” ‘†—Ž‡•Ǥ Š‹• •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ „ƒ•‡† ‘ „‘–Š –Š‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ ’”‘†— – ‘” •‡”˜‹ ‡ǡ
ƒ†–Š‡’”‘ ‡••‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹ƒ‹‰‹–Ǥ–‡ƒ‘ˆ‡šƒ‹‡”•ˆ”‘•ŠƒŽŽ‘˜‡
ƒ”‘—†–‘ƒ••‡••–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ—–Š‡–‹ ‹–›ǡƒ†’”‘‰”‡••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –•Ǥ

The following guidelines shall be considered for project assessment:

‘˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–›    ʹͲƒ”•
‡ƒ–‡••      ͳͲƒ”•
‡ ‘”†‡‡’‹‰ ͳͲƒ”•
‡ƒŽ–Šƒ†•ƒˆ‡–›‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘    ͳͲƒ”•
 –—ƒŽ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ʹͲƒ”•
”‘Œ‡ –”‡’‘”–      ͳͲƒ”•
‹ƒŽ’”‘†— –      ʹͲƒ”•
TOTAL 100 marks

5
 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN JOURNALISM & MEDIA STUDIES

˜‡”› Ž‡ƒ”‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ‰‡– ƒ ’Žƒ ‡‡– ˆ‘” ‹–‡”•Š‹’ –‘ „‡ †‘‡ ƒ– –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡
•‡ ‘† ƒ ƒ†‡‹  ›‡ƒ” ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ  ’Žƒ ‡‡– ‹ –Š‹• ƒ•‡ ‹• ƒ› ’Žƒ ‡ ™Š‡”‡
Šƒ†•Ǧ‘ –”ƒ‹‹‰ ƒ† ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡† –‘ ’”‘†— ‡ ‹–‡• ‘” ’”‘˜‹†‡
•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ

Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ••‡••‡–‰—‹†‡ƒ›„‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†„›–Š‡•—’‡”˜‹•‘”•ǣ
––‡†ƒ ‡    Ͳͷƒ”•
‹‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–   Ͳͷƒ”•
‡ƒ™‘” Ͳͷƒ”•
”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–›ƒ†‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡‡••  ͳͷƒ”•
—•–‘‡” ƒ”‡ͳͲƒ”•
‡ƒŽ–Šƒ†•ƒˆ‡–›   ͳͷƒ”•
 –—ƒŽ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡   ʹͷƒ”•
”‹––‡”‡’‘”–   ʹͲƒ”•
ǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦ
TOTAL 100%

Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•ŠƒŽŽ„‡–Š‡‘†‡‘ˆƒ••‡••‡–‘ˆ‹–‡”•Š‹’–”ƒ‹‹‰ǣ

‹Ȍ ‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ•—’‡”˜‹•‘”•ŠƒŽŽƒ™ƒ”†ͷͲΨ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”•ǤŠ‹•‹•„‡ ƒ—•‡•Š‡ȀŠ‡‹•
‹ ‘–ƒ – ™‹–Š –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” — Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‹‡ ƒ† ‰‹˜‡• –Š‡ ‡ ‡••ƒ”› ’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ
‰—‹†ƒ ‡ǡ•—’’‘”–ǡ ‘””‡ –‹‘•ƒ†‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ƒ ƒ†‡‹ •—’‡”˜‹•‘”•ŠƒŽŽ˜‹•‹––Š‡‹†—•–”›‘ƒ’’‘‹–‡–ƒ†ƒ™ƒ”†͵ͲΨ‘ˆ
–Š‡ƒ”•ǤŠ‡ȀŠ‡•ŠƒŽŽ‹–‡”ƒ –™‹–Š–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”‹–Š‡’”‡•‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ
•—’‡”˜‹•‘”™Š‡”‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ –‡”•Š‹’ ”‡’‘”– •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ™”‹––‡ „› –Š‡ –”ƒ‹‡‡ ƒ† •—„‹––‡† –‘ Ǥ Š‹•
•ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ƒ”‡† ‘—– ‘ˆ ʹͲΨ ƒ† –Š‡ • ‘”‡• ƒ††‡† –‘ –Š‡ ƒ”• ƒ™ƒ”†‡† „› –Š‡
‹†—•–”‹ƒŽƒ†ƒ ƒ†‡‹ •—’‡”˜‹•‘”•–‘ƒ‡ͳͲͲΨǤ
 ƒ’Ž‡• ‘ˆ ƒ••‡••‡– ˆ‘”• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ ƒ†‡‹  ƒ† –Š‡ ™‘” •—’‡”˜‹•‘”• ƒ”‡
 ’”‘˜‹†‡†‹–Š‡ƒ’’‡†‹ ‡•Ǥ

  Ž‡ƒ”‡” ™Š‘ ‘’Ž‡–‡• –Š‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ ™‹–Š ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– ʹǤͲ ——Žƒ–‹˜‡ ”ƒ†‡
 ‘‹– ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ȋ Ȍ ‹ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ‘†—Ž‡• •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ƒ™ƒ”†‡† ƒ Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡†
 ‘’National Certificate in Journalism and Media Studies’’ „› –Š‡ ‰ƒ†ƒ
 —•‹‡••ƒ†‡ Š‹ ƒŽšƒ‹ƒ–‹‘•‘ƒ”†ȋȌǤ


6
6
 NCJM

  Ž‡ƒ”‡” ™Š‘ ‘’Ž‡–‡• –Š‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ ƒ† †‘‡• ‘– ƒ––ƒ‹ ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– ʹǤͲ ȋ Ȍ
 in some modules shall be awarded a ‘’Competence Certificate” ˆ‘” –Š‡
 ‘†—Ž‡• ’ƒ••‡†Ǥ Š‡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡ Žƒ•• ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡ •ŠƒŽŽ ‡ƒ„Ž‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘
 Šƒ˜‡ ƒ •’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹•‡† —’‰”ƒ†‹‰ ƒ† ‡’Ž‘›‡– •‹ ‡ Š‡Ȁ•Š‡ ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ––ƒ‹‡†
 —•‡ˆ—Ž ‘’‡–‡ ‡•ƒ†•‹ŽŽ•‹–Š‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹•‡†ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ

  ‘’Ž‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡ƒ” ͳǡ ƒ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‡–‹–Ž‡† –‘ ƒ •–ƒ–‡‡– ‘ˆ ”‡•—Ž–• „›
 –Š‡–”ƒ‹‹‰‹•–‹–—–‹‘Ǥ

‹Ȍ ƒ Š‘†—Ž‡™‹ŽŽ„‡™‡‹‰Š–‡†—•‹‰–Š‡ ”‡†‹–—‹–•ȋȌǤ
‹‹Ȍ ‡ ”‡†‹–—‹–‹•‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡––‘ͳͷ ‘–ƒ –Š‘—”•ȋ Ȍ’‡”•‡‡•–‡”Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ  ‘–ƒ – Š‘—” ƒ ‡‹–Š‡” „‡ ƒ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ȀŽ‡ –—”‡ Š‘—” ȋ Ȍǡ –—–‘”‹ƒŽ Š‘—”
ȋ Ȍǡˆ‹‡Ž†˜‹•‹–Š‘—”ȋ  Ȍ‘”’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽŠ‘—”•ȋ ȌǤ
‹˜Ȍ ‡ ‘–ƒ –Š‘—”‹•‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡––‘ͳ Žƒ••”‘‘–‡ƒ Š‹‰ƒ†Ž‡ƒ”‹‰Š‘—”ǡʹ
–—–‘”‹ƒŽŠ‘—”•‘”ʹ’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽȀˆ‹‡Ž†˜‹•‹–•Š‘—”•Ǥ
˜Ȍ ”‡†‹–—‹–•ȋȌ”ƒ‰‡ˆ”‘ƒ‹‹—‘ˆʹǤͲ–‘ƒƒš‹—‘ˆͷǤͲ„ƒ•‡†
‘–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ›‘ˆ‡ƒ Š‘†—Ž‡‹–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ǥ
˜‹Ȍ  ‘†—Ž‡ ™‡‹‰Š–‡† ʹ  •ŠƒŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ ͵Ͳ ‘–ƒ – Š‘—”•ǡ ͵  ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ Ͷͷ
‘–ƒ –Š‘—”•Ͷˆ‘”͸Ͳ ‘–ƒ –Š‘—”•ǡƒ†ͷˆ‘”͹ͷ ‘–ƒ –Š‘—”•Ǥ ‘
‘†—Ž‡•ŠƒŽŽŠƒ˜‡ˆ‡™‡”–Šƒʹ•‘”‘”‡–Šƒͷ•Ǥ

ƒ Š‘†—Ž‡•ŠƒŽŽ„‡‰”ƒ†‡†‘—–‘ˆͳͲͲƒ”•ƒ†ƒ••‹‰‡†ƒƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ž‡––‡”
‰”ƒ†‡ƒ†‰”ƒ†‡’‘‹–•ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ

Marks (%) Letter Grade Grade Point (GP)
ͺͲǦͳͲͲ  ͷǤͲ
͹ͷǦ͹ͻ Ϊ ͶǤͷ
͹ͲǦ͹Ͷ  ͶǤͲ
͸ͷǦ͸ͻ Ϊ ͵Ǥͷ
͸ͲǦ͸Ͷ  ͵ǤͲ
ͷͷǦͷͻ Ϊ ʹǤͷ
ͷͲǦͷͶ  ʹǤͲ
Ͳ–Ͷͻ  Ͳ

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 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN JOURNALISM & MEDIA STUDIES

 Š‡ ‰”ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ   ƒ™ƒ”†‡† –‘ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡
 ——Žƒ–‹˜‡ ”ƒ†‡ ‘‹– ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ȋ Ȍ • ‘”‡Ǥ Š‡ ‹‹— ’ƒ•• ‰”ƒ†‡ ’‘‹–
 ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š ‘†—Ž‡ ‹• ʹǤͲǤ Š‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ ƒ”• ˆ‘” ƒ ‘†—Ž‡ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ‘˜‡”–‡† ‹–‘
 ”ƒ†‡‘‹–•ȋ ȌǤ

Computation of the CGPA

 Š‡learner’s CGPA at a g‹˜‡–‹‡•ŠƒŽŽ„‡‘„–ƒ‹‡†„›ǣ
‹Ȍ —Ž–‹’Ž›‹‰ –Š‡ ‰”ƒ†‡ ’‘‹–• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ‹ ‡ƒ Š ‘†—Ž‡ „› –Š‡ ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰
”‡†‹– —‹–• ƒ••‹‰‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‘†—Ž‡ –‘ ƒ””‹˜‡ ƒ– –Š‡ ™‡‹‰Š–‡† • ‘”‡ ˆ‘” –Šƒ–
‘†—Ž‡Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ƒ††‹‰–‘‰‡–Š‡”–Š‡™‡‹‰Š–‡†• ‘”‡•ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ‘†—Ž‡•—’–‘–Šƒ––‹‡Ǥ
iii) †‹˜‹†‹‰–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ™‡‹‰Š–‡†• ‘”‡•„›–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ—„‡”‘ˆ ”‡†‹–—‹–•–ƒ‡—’
–‘–Šƒ––‹‡Ǥ

 ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡ ‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ƒ† ‡†‹ƒ –—†‹‡• •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡†
 ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡   ‘„–ƒ‹‡† —’ –‘ –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ǥ Š‡
 ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡••ŠƒŽŽ„‡ Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ

Class CGPA
‹•–‹ –‹‘ ͶǤ͵Ͳ–ͷǤͲͲ
”‡†‹– ʹǤͺͲ–ͶǤʹͻ
ƒ•• ʹǤͲͲ–ʹǤ͹ͻ

 ”‘‰”‡••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ•‘”ƒŽǡ’”‘„ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›ǡ‘”•–ƒ›’—–Ǥ

a) Normal progress
‘”ƒŽ ’”‘‰”‡••‹‘ •ŠƒŽŽ ‘ —” ™Š‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ’ƒ••‡• ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ‘†—Ž‡•
–ƒ‡‹ƒ•‡‡•–‡”™‹–Šƒ‰”ƒ†‡’‘‹–‘ˆ‘ˆ‡™‡”–ŠƒʹǤͲǤ

b) Probationary progress
Š‹• ‹• ƒ •–ƒ‰‡ ‹ ™Š‹ Š –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ’ƒ••‡• •‘‡ ‘†—Ž‡• „—– †‘‡• ‘–
‡ƒ•—”‡—’–‘–Š‡‹‹— ‘ˆʹǤͲ‹‘–Š‡”‘†—Ž‡•Ǥ— ŠŽ‡ƒ”‡”•ŠƒŽŽ„‡
ƒŽŽ‘™‡†–‘‘˜‡–‘–Š‡‡š–Ž‡˜‡Ž„—– ƒ””›‹‰ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡ˆƒ‹Ž‡†‘†—Ž‡ȋ•Ȍƒ•
“Retake(s)”

8
8
 NCJM

‹Ȍ ‡–ƒ‹‰ •ŠƒŽŽ ”‡“—‹”‡ ƒ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ ”‡†‘ –Š‡ ‡–‹”‡ ‘†—Ž‡ „› ƒ––‡†‹‰
Ž‡ –—”‡•ǡ †‘‹‰ ‘–‹—‘—• ƒ••‡••‡–•ǡ ƒ† •‹––‹‰ –Š‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ
–Šƒ–‘†—Ž‡ǤŠ‡”‡•ŠƒŽŽ‘–„‡ƒ›•—’’Ž‡‡–ƒ”›‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘‘”–‡•–•‡–ˆ‘”
ƒ› ”‡–ƒ‡ „—– ƒ Ž‡ƒ”‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ”‡Ǧ•‹– –Š‡ ˆƒ‹Ž‡† ‘†—Ž‡ ™Š‡ ‹– ‹• ‡š–
‡šƒ‹‡†Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ Ž‡ƒ”‡”ƒ›ƒŽ•‘”‡†‘ƒ‘†—Ž‡–‘‹’”‘˜‡–Š‡‰”ƒ†‡•‘„–ƒ‹‡†ƒ––Š‡ˆ‹”•–
•‹––‹‰Ǥ Š‘—Ž† –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ‰‡– ƒ Ž‘™‡” ‰”ƒ†‡ ˆ‘” ƒ ”‡–ƒ‡ǡ Š‹•ȀŠ‡” ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ
‰”ƒ†‡•ŠƒŽŽ’”‡˜ƒ‹ŽǤ
‹‹‹Ȍ Š‡‡˜‡”ƒ‘†—Ž‡‹•”‡–ƒ‡ƒ†’ƒ••‡†ǡ–Š‡ƒ ƒ†‡‹ –”ƒ• ”‹’–•Š‘—Ž†not
‹†‹ ƒ–‡‹–ƒ•ƒ”‡–ƒ‡Ǥ

  Ž‡ƒ”‡” •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ƒŽŽ‘™‡† –‘ ƒ’’Ž› ˆ‘” ƒ †‡ƒ† ›‡ƒ” ‘ˆ •–—†› †—‡ –‘
 ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ ‘•–”ƒ‹–•ǡ •‹ ‡•• ‘” ‘–Š‡” ‰‡—‹‡ ’”‘„Ž‡• ƒ† •Š‘—Ž† „‡
 ƒŽŽ‘™‡† –‘ ”‡•—‡ –Š‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ ƒ– –Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž Š‡Ȁ•Š‡ ‡š‹–‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ †‡ƒ†
 ›‡ƒ”Ǥ Ž‡ƒ”‡”™Š‘ ƒ’’Ž‹‡•ˆ‘” ƒ†‡ƒ†›‡ƒ”•ŠƒŽŽ ƒŽ•‘ Šƒ˜‡–‘ ‘’Ž‡–‡–Š‡
 ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ †—”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ˆ‹˜‡ ȋͷȌ ›‡ƒ”• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ –‹‡ ‘ˆ
 ‡”‘Ž‡–ƒ†”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‹–‘–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ǥ

  ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ •ŠƒŽŽ ƒ””› ƒ ƒš‹— ‘ˆ ʹͷ ”‡†‹– ‹–• ’‡” •‡‡•–‡”Ǥ
 ‘ •‡‡•–‡” •Š‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ ‘”‡ –Šƒ eight ‘†—Ž‡•Ȁƒ••‡••‡– —‹–• ‹ Ž—†‹‰
 ’”‘Œ‡ –™‘”Ǥ

  ‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ ‘†—Ž‡ ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ ’ƒ’‡” ˆ‘”ƒ–•ǡ –Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘
  –‡ hniques to be applied should seek the candidate’s ability to remember, 
  ‘’”‡Š‡†ǡƒ’’Ž›ǡƒƒŽ›•‡ǡ•›–Š‡•‹•ǡƒ†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡ ‘†‹–‹‘ǤŽŽ“—‡•–‹‘•
  •Š‘—Ž† ‰—‹†‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ ’‡”ˆ‘” –Š‡ –ƒ•• ‡š’‡ –‡† ‘ˆ Š‹ȀŠ‡” ‹ –Š‡ ™‘”Ž†
  ‘ˆ™‘”Ǥ

  Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•–”— –—”‡•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†–‘‰—‹†‡–Š‡ƒ••‡••‘”•†—”‹‰‹–‡
  ™”‹–‹‰Ǥ

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 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN JOURNALISM & MEDIA STUDIES

Year 1 Semester 1 Examinations Format

Paper Name and Code Examination Format

 ͳͳͳǣ ƒ Š’ƒ’‡” ‘•‹•–•‘ˆ seven “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ†–Š‡
—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ•‘ˆƒ•• ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡‹•”‡“—‹”‡†–‘ƒ•™‡” ƒ› five. All “—‡•–‹‘•
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ƒ””› equal ƒ”•Ǥ
 ͳͳ͵ǣ”‹ ‹’Ž‡• Š‡“—‡•–‹‘‹‰–‡ Š‹“—‡•–‘„‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†•Š‘—Ž†•‡‡
‘ˆƒ†‹‘”‘†— –‹‘ the candidate’s ability to remember, comprehend,
 ͳͳͶǣ–Š‹ •‹ ƒ’’Ž›ǡƒƒŽ›•‡ǡ•›–Š‡•‹•‡ƒ†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡ ‘†‹–‹‘•Ǥ
‘—”ƒŽ‹• Š‡†—”ƒ–‹‘•ŠƒŽŽ„‡2Š‘—”•ƒ†30 ‹—–‡•


 ͳͳͷǣ‘ ‹ƒŽ
‘ ‡’–•‹‡†‹ƒ
     ͳͳʹǣ ”‹ ‹’Ž‡• Š‡ ’ƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ –™‘ ’ƒ’‡”•ǣ ƒ’‡”
‘ˆ ‡™• ”‹–‹‰ ƒ† ȋ”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ “—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ƒ† ƒ’‡” ȋ‘™Ž‡†‰‡
‡’‘”–‹‰ “—‡•–‹‘•ȌǤ ƒ’‡” ͳ •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ one compulsory
“—‡•–‹‘‘ƒ†‘ —‡–ƒ”›‘”‡™•ˆ‡‡† ƒ†•ŠƒŽŽ„‡
ƒ”‡†‘—–‘ˆ40 marksǤƒ†‹†ƒ–‡••ŠƒŽŽ„‡”‡“—‹”‡†
–‘™ƒ– Šƒ†”‡ ‘”†ƒ‹’‘‹–•ǡ–Š‡™”‹–‡‡™•ǤŠ‡
–‘–ƒŽ†—”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”’ƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ„‡2
hours.
ƒ’‡”  •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ five “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ† •ŠƒŽŽ „‡
ƒ”‡† ‘—– ‘ˆ 60 marks.  ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡
”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ ƒ•™‡” any threeǡ ƒ™ƒ”†‡† ʹͲ ƒ”•
‡ƒ ŠǤ Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ †—”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ’ƒ’‡”
•ŠƒŽŽ„‡2 hours.
 ͳͳ͸ǣReal-life Š‡ ’ƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ ‘–‹—‘—• ƒ••‡••‡–
Project 1 ƒ”•Ǥ
Š‡‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘•„‘ƒ”†•ŠƒŽŽ˜‡”‹ˆ›–Š‡ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ‹–›‘ˆ
–Š‡ ƒ™ƒ”†‡† ƒ”• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡† ’”‘Œ‡ –• ‘
–Š‡ ‰”‘—† ƒ† Ž‡ƒ”‡”’• ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ –Š”‘—‰Š
’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ †—”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡ – ƒ••‡••‡– •ŠƒŽŽ „‡
–Š‡ ’‡”‹‘† †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ͳͷ ™‡‡• ‘ˆ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‹ ƒ
ƒ ƒ†‡‹ ›‡ƒ”Ǥ

10
10
 NCJM

Year 1 Semester 2 Examinations Format

Paper Name and Code Examination Format

    ͳʹʹǣ ”‹ ‹’Ž‡• ‘ˆ ƒ Š ’ƒ’‡” ‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ seven “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ† –Š‡
—„Ž‹ ‡Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ ‹• ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ ƒ•™‡” ƒ› five. All
ͳʹ͵ ”‹ ‹’Ž‡• ‘ˆ “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ””› equal ƒ”•Ǥ
 ‘‘‹ • Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘‹‰ –‡ Š‹“—‡• –‘ „‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡† •Š‘—Ž†
ͳʹͷǣ Ž‡‡–• ‘ˆ seek the candidate’s ability to remember,
–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ ‘’”‡Š‡†ǡ ƒ’’Ž›ǡ ƒƒŽ›•‡ǡ •›–Š‡•‹•‡ ƒ†
‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡ ‘†‹–‹‘•ǤŠ‡†—”ƒ–‹‘•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ 2Š‘—”•
ƒ†30 ‹—–‡•Ǥ

 ͳʹͳ Š‡ ’ƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ –™‘ ’ƒ’‡”•ǡ I [”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ
—„Ž‹ •’‡ƒ‹‰ “—‡•–‹‘•] ƒ† II [‘™Ž‡†‰‡ “—‡•–‹‘•]Ǥ ƒ’‡” 
•ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ one compulsory “—‡•–‹‘ǡ ‘
 ’—„Ž‹ •’‡‡ Šƒ†™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ”‡†‘—–‘ˆ40marksǤ
ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡•™‹ŽŽ„‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘’”‡’ƒ”‡ƒ††‡Ž‹˜‡”
ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•’‡‡ Š‡•ǣ
• ‡”•—ƒ•‹˜‡
• ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡
• –‡”–ƒ‹‹‰
• ’”‘’–—
•  ƒ•‹‘ƒŽȀˆ— –‹‘ƒŽȀ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
• —Ž‘‰›
• ‡™•”‡ƒ†‹‰
• ‡™•”‡’‘”–‹‰
• ‡”•—ƒ•‹˜‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘
• ”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘

Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ †—”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” paper I

™‹ŽŽ„‡30 minutes.

ƒ’‡”  •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ five “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ† ™‹ŽŽ „‡

ƒ”‡†‘—–‘ˆ60 marksƒ†–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡™‹ŽŽ„‡
”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ ƒ•™‡” any threeǡ ‡ƒ Š “—‡•–‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ
ƒ””› ʹͲ ƒ”•Ǥ Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ †—”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡
‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”paper II™‹ŽŽ„‡2½ hours.
ͳʹͶǣComputer Š‡ ’ƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ three practical
Applications “—‡•–‹‘•ǡ ƒ””›‹‰ 50 marks ‡ƒ ŠǤ   ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡
™‹ŽŽ„‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘ƒ•™‡”any twoǤ’”‹–‘—–‘ˆ
–Š‡ ’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ ‘—–’—–• –‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š –Š‡ •‘ˆ– ‘’‹‡•
‘ˆƒŽŽˆ‹Ž‡•—•‡†•ŠƒŽŽ„‡•‡––‘–Š‡ƒ••‡••‹‰„‘†›Ǥ

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Paper Name and Code Examination Format

Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘‹‰ –‡ Š‹“—‡• –‘ „‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡† •Š‘—Ž†
•‡‡the candidate’s ability to, comprehend, apply,
ƒƒŽ›•‡ǡ•›–Š‡•‹•‡ƒ†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡ ‘†‹–‹‘•Ǥ

Š‡ †—”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ two

hoursǤ
 ͳʹ͸ǣReal-life Project 2 Š‡ ’ƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ ‘–‹—‘—• ƒ••‡••‡–
ƒ”•Ǥ
Š‡ ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘• „‘ƒ”† •ŠƒŽŽ ˜‡”‹ˆ› –Š‡
ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ™ƒ”†‡† ƒ”• ˆ”‘ –Š‡
‘’Ž‡–‡† ’”‘Œ‡ –• ‘ –Š‡ ‰”‘—† ƒ† Ž‡ƒ”‡”’•
’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘–Š”‘—‰Š’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ †—”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡ – ƒ••‡••‡– •ŠƒŽŽ
„‡ –Š‡ ’‡”‹‘† †—”‹‰ ͳͷ ™‡‡• ‘ˆ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‹ ƒ
ƒ ƒ†‡‹ ›‡ƒ”Ǥ

Year 2 Semester 1 Examinations Format

Paper Name and Code Examination Format

     ʹͳʹǣ ƒ Š ’ƒ’‡” ‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ seven “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ† –Š‡
‘–‡’‘”ƒ”› ‡†‹ƒ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ ‹• ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ ƒ•™‡” ƒ› five. All
’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘• “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ””› equal ƒ”•Ǥ
     ʹͳ͵ǣ Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘‹‰ –‡ Š‹“—‡• –‘ „‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡† •Š‘—Ž†
—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ• ‘ˆ ‡†‹ƒ seek the candidate’s ability to remember,
ƒ™ ‘’”‡Š‡†ǡƒ’’Ž›ǡƒƒŽ›•‡ǡ•›–Š‡•‹•‡ƒ†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡
 ‘†‹–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡ †—”ƒ–‹‘ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ 2 Š‘—”• ƒ† 30
‹—–‡•Ǥ
 ʹͳͷ
”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰

     ʹͳͳǣ ”‹–‹‰ ˆ‘” ƒ Š ’ƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ two ’ƒ’‡”•ǣ ƒ’‡”
–Š‡‡†‹ƒ ȋ”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ“—‡•–‹‘•)ƒ†ƒ’‡” ȋ‘™Ž‡†‰‡„ƒ•‡†
 ʹͳͶǣ”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ “—‡•–‹‘•)Ǥƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•–‘ˆone compulsory
Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• “—‡•–‹‘ǡ ƒ† ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ƒ”‡† ‘—– ‘ˆ 40 marksǤ Š‡
–‘–ƒŽ†—”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”’ƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ„‡

ʹŠ‘—”•Ǥ

ƒ’‡”  •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ five “—‡•–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† „‡
ƒ”‡† ‘—– ‘ˆ 60 marksǤ  ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡
”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ ƒ•™‡” any three questionsǡ ƒ Š
“—‡•–‹‘•ŠƒŽŽ ƒ””›ʹͲƒ”•ǤŠ‡–‘–ƒŽ†—”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
–Š‡‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”paper II•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ʹŠ‘—”•Ǥ

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Paper Name and Code Examination Format

 ʹͳ͸ Š‡ ’ƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ ‘–‹—‘—• ƒ••‡••‡–
‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡”‘Œ‡ –͵ ƒ”•Ǥ
Š‡ ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘• „‘ƒ”† ˜‡”‹ˆ‹‡• –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ‹–› ‘ˆ
–Š‡ ƒ™ƒ”†‡† ƒ”• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡† ’”‘Œ‡ –• ‘
the ground and learners’ participation through
’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ †—”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‹• †—”‹‰ 15
weeks‘ˆ–‡ƒ Š‹‰ƒ†Ž‡ƒ”‹‰Ǥ

Year 2 Semester 2 Examinations Format

Paper Name and Code Examination Format

 ƒ Š ’ƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ two ’ƒ’‡”• ƒ’‡”
 ʹʹͳǣ”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ ȋ”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ “—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ƒ† ƒ’‡” ȋ‘™Ž‡†‰‡
‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘”‘†— –‹‘ “—‡•–‹‘•ȌǤƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•–‘ˆone compulsory
“—‡•–‹‘–Šƒ–•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ”‡†‘—–‘ˆ40 marksǤŠ‡
     ʹʹʹǣ ‹†‡‘
–‘–ƒŽ†—”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”paper I™‹ŽŽ„‡
†‹–‹‰ƒ†”‘†— –‹‘
ʹŠ‘—”•Ǥ

ƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•–‘ˆfive“—‡•–‹‘•ƒ†ƒ”‡†
‘—–‘ˆ60 marks. ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡•ŠƒŽŽ „‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘
ƒ•™‡” any three “—‡•–‹‘•ǡ ƒ™ƒ”†‡† ʹͲ ƒ”•
‡ƒ ŠǤ Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ †—”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘”
paper II™‹ŽŽ„‡2 hours 
ʹʹ͵: ƒ•‹ ‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ Š‡’ƒ’‡”•ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•–‘ˆtwo ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘•ǣƒ’‡”ͳ
ƒ†ʹǤ
ƒ’‡”ͳ•ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•–‘ˆtwo•‡ –‹‘•ǢSection A ƒ†
BǤ
Section A •ŠƒŽŽ ‘’”‹•‡one compulsory“—‡•–‹‘
ƒ””›‹‰ ʹͲ ƒ”•Ǥ – •ŠƒŽŽ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡ listening ƒ†
speaking •‹ŽŽ•Ǥ Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ”‡ ‘”†‡†
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ –‘ „‡ ’Žƒ›‡† –‘ –Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡• ƒˆ–‡”
™Š‹ Š –Š‡› •ŠƒŽŽ ™”‹–‡ †‘™ –Š‡ ƒ•™‡”• –‘ –Š‡
“—‡•–‹‘•–Šƒ–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™Ǥ
Section B •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ 4“—‡•–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡
ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ ƒ•™‡” ƒ› 2 ™Š‹ Š
•ŠƒŽŽ „‡ –ƒ‡ –‘  ˆ‘” ƒ”‹‰. ƒ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡
“—‡•–‹‘••ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ”‡†‘—–‘ˆʹͲƒ”•Ǥ
ƒ’‡” two •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘”ƒŽ “—‡•–‹‘•

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Paper Name and Code Examination Format

™Š‡”‡ ƒ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ •ŠƒŽŽ †‹”‡ –Ž› ‹–‡”ˆƒ ‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡
‡šƒ‹‡” ƒ† ƒ•™‡” –Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘• ‹ ƒ„‘—– ͳͷ
‹—–‡• ™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ƒ”• ƒ”‡ ”‡ ‘”†‡†Ǥ Š‡ ’ƒ’‡”
•ŠƒŽŽ ƒ””›ƒ–‘–ƒŽ‘ˆ40ƒ”•Ǥ
ʹʹͶǣ —†ƒ‡–ƒŽ‘ˆ ƒ Š ’ƒ’‡” ‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ seven “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ† –Š‡
‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‹‡ ‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ ‹• ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ ƒ•™‡” ƒ› five. All
 “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ””› equal ƒ”•Ǥ
Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘‹‰ –‡ Š‹“—‡• –‘ „‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡† •Š‘—Ž†
seek the candidate’s ability to remember,
‘’”‡Š‡†ǡƒ’’Ž›ǡƒƒŽ›•‡ǡ•›–Š‡•‹•‡ƒ†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡
‘†‹–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡ †—”ƒ–‹‘ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ 2 Š‘—”• ƒ† 30
‹—–‡•
 ʹʹͷ Š‡ ’ƒ’‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ ‘–‹—‘—• ƒ••‡••‡–
‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡”‘Œ‡ –Ͷ ƒ”•Ǥ
Š‡‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘•„‘ƒ”†•ŠƒŽŽ˜‡”‹ˆ›–Š‡ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ‹–›
‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ™ƒ”†‡† ƒ”• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡† ’”‘Œ‡ –•
‘ –Š‡ ‰”‘—† ƒ† Ž‡ƒ”‡”’• ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ –Š”‘—‰Š
’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
Š‡–‘–ƒŽ†—”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –ƒ••‡••‡–•ŠƒŽŽ„‡
–Š‡ ’‡”‹‘† †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ͳͷ ™‡‡• ‘ˆ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ƒ†
Ž‡ƒ”‹‰‹ƒ•‡‡•–‡”Ǥ



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  Š‹• •‡ –‹‘ †‡• ”‹„‡• –Š‡ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ’”‘ˆ‹Ž‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡• ‘ˆ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡
  ‹‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†‡†‹ƒ–—†‹‡•ȋ Ȍǡ–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•Œ‘„–‹–Ž‡•ƒ†
  –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡†–ƒ••–Šƒ– ƒ„‡’‡”ˆ‘”‡†Ǥ

Main Duties and Tasks

Job Title Duties Tasks

‡†‹ƒ••‹•–ƒ–Ǥ 1ǣ—†‹‘’”‘†— –‹‘ • ƒ•‹  ‘’—–‡”’ƒ ƒ‰‡

• ‡ ‘”†‹‰ƒ†‡†‹–‹‰
• ”‘‰”ƒ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘
• ‡ ‘”†‹‰ƒ†‡†‹–‹‰
• Žƒ›‹‰—•‹ 
• ƒ•‹  ‘’—–‡”’ƒ ƒ‰‡ 
‡™•‡’‘”–‡” 2ǣ‡™•‡’‘”–‹‰ • †‡–‹ˆ›‹‰•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ‡™•
• ƒ–Š‡”‹‰‡™•
• ‡’‘”–‹‰ȋ™”‹–‹‰Ȍ
• ‘””‡•’‘†‡–
• ‘ —‡–’”‘†— –‹‘
‹†‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‡” 3ǣ‹†‡‘‰”ƒ’Š› • ƒ‡”ƒ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†
ƒ‹–‡ƒ ‡
• ‹†‡‘•Š‘‘–‹‰
• ‹†‡‘–”ƒ•ˆ‡”
• ‹†‡‘‡†‹–‹‰
• ‹†‡‘Œ‘‡”•ȋ Ȍ
• ”‘™ ‘–”‘ŽŽ‡” ȋƒ”‹ƒŽ
ƒ‡”ƒȌ
Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š‡” 4ǣŠ‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š› • ƒ‡”ƒ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘
• ƒ‹‰’Š‘–‘•
• Š‘–‘‡†‹–‹‰
• ”‹–‹‰ ƒ’–‹‘•
• Š‘–‘’”‹–‹‰
• Š‘–‘ˆ”ƒ‹‰
ƒ”‡–‡” 5ǣƒ”‡–‹‰ ƒ† • ”‡ƒ–‡ ƒ† ‹••—‡ ’”‘‘–‹‘ƒŽ
†˜‡”–‹•‡‡– ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ ˆŽ‹‡”• ƒ†
„”‘ Š—”‡•
 • —„Ž‹ •’‡ƒ‹‰
 • ƒŽ‡• ’‡”•‘‡Ž ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ •‡ŽŽ‹‰
‡™•’ƒ’‡”•ǡǡ
• Š‘–‘ ‘’›‹‰ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘

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Job Title Duties Tasks

ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•
•  ƒ‹‰ǡ’”‹–‹‰†‘ —‡–•
• ƒ‹ƒ–‹‰†‘ —‡–•
• ‘•–‹‰ Ž‹„”ƒ”› ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
‘ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ‡†‹ƒȀŽ‹„”ƒ”›
™‡„•‹–‡•


  Š‡–”ƒ‹‹‰ˆ‘”  •Š‘—Ž†‡’Šƒ•‹•‡–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ•’‡ –•‘ˆ

  Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ǣ
‹Ȍ ‘’‡–‡ ‡Ǧ„ƒ•‡†
‹‹Ȍ š’‡”–ƒ••‹‰‡–•™‹–Š•—’’‘”–‹‰‘†—Ž‡•
‹‹‹Ȍ –‡‰”ƒ–‡†‡†— ƒ–‹‘ȋ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ•‹ŽŽ•ƒ†’‘•‹–‹˜‡ƒ––‹–—†‡Ȍ
‹˜Ȍ ‘˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ȋŠ‘™–‘Ž‡ƒ”ƒ†•‘Ž˜‡’”‘„Ž‡•–Šƒ–‘‡
Šƒ•‡˜‡”‡–„‡ˆ‘”‡Ȍ
˜Ȍ ’™ƒ”† ‘„‹Ž‹–› ƒ† ‘ ‡–”‹  —””‹ —Ž—ǣ ˆ‹”•– ›‡ƒ” ‰‹˜‡• ƒ
’‹ –—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ–‡”›‡ƒ”•ƒ†–Š‡’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ȋ‹–‡•‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ȍ
˜‹Ȍ –”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ƒ† ”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–›‘”‹‡–‡†
˜‹‹Ȍ ˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽǡŠ‡ƒŽ–Šƒ†•ƒˆ‡–› ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘•
˜‹‹‹Ȍ ’‘”–•ǡ Ž—„•ƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘•
‹šȌ ‘ —•‘–Š‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽ‡‡†•ǡ‰‡†‡”ƒ†‡“—‹–›
šȌ —•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ǡ‰‡‡”ƒŽƒ†•’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†Žƒ™
š‹Ȍ ‘†—Žƒ”‹œ‡†’”‘‰”ƒ‡•
š‹‹Ȍ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘•‹ŽŽ•ƒ†—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ•‘ ‹‡–›
š‹‹‹Ȍ ‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽȀ‰”‘—’’”‘Œ‡ –

  †‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ‹ –Š‡ ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ •‡ –‘” Šƒ˜‡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ”‘Ž‡• ƒ† ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡• –Š‡›
  ’Žƒ› –‘ ƒ‡ –”ƒ‹‹‰ ƒ† Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ ƒ •‘‘–Šǡ ’Ž‡ƒ•ƒ–ǡ ƒ† ‘•–”— –‹˜‡ ’”‘ ‡••Ǥ
  ‡Ž‘™ƒ”‡•‘‡ ‘ˆ–Š‡”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ǡ–‡ƒ Š‡”•ǡ•—’’‘”–ƒ†ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡
  •–ƒˆˆǤ

 Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”••Š‘—Ž†ǣ
‹Ȍ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡ˆ—ŽŽ›‹ Žƒ••™‘”ƒ†ƒ••‹‰‡–•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ „‡”‡•‘—” ‡ˆ—Ž‹‰”‘—’ƒ†’‡”•‘ƒŽ”‡•‡ƒ” ŠǤ
‹‹‹Ȍ •‡‡‰—‹†ƒ ‡Ǥ

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 NCJM

‹˜Ȍ Ž‡ƒ” –‘ ‘—‹ ƒ–‡—‘”ƒŽ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ ”‡’‘”– ™”‹–‹‰ ƒ†

†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ –‹˜‡•‹ŽŽ•Ǥ
˜Ȍ •‘Ž˜‡ ’”‘„Ž‡• –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ ‡˜‡” ˆƒ ‡† „‡ˆ‘”‡ ȋ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†
‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘ȌǤ
˜‹Ȍ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡‹ ‘—‹–›Ǧ„ƒ•‡†”‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡’”‘Œ‡ –•Ǥ
˜‹‹Ȍ ƒ••‡•–Š‡’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡‘ˆ•–ƒˆˆƒ†—•‡ˆ—Ž‡••‘ˆ’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ
˜‹‹‹Ȍ •‡”˜‡ƒ•ƒ„ƒ••ƒ†‘”•‘ˆ–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘–‘–Š‡™‘”Ž†‘ˆ™‘”Ǥ
‹šȌ ™‘”‹†‡’‡†‡–Ž›ƒ†ƒ•’ƒ”–‘ˆƒ–‡ƒǤ
šȌ ‡‡’–‹‡ǡƒƒ‰‡‘‡•‡Žˆƒ†‘–Š‡”’‡‘’Ž‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ
š‹Ȍ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡‹•’‘”–•ǡ•‘ ‹ƒŽƒ†‰—‹Ž†ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ
š‹‹Ȍ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡ ‹ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Š‡ƒŽ–Šǡ •ƒˆ‡–› ƒ† •‡ —”‹–› ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••
ƒ†‘–Š‡” ”‘•• —––‹‰‹••—‡•Ǥ
š‹‹‹Ȍ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’”‘Ž‡•Ǥ
š‹˜Ȍ ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽƒ†‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’•‹ŽŽ•–‘‡ƒ„Ž‡–Š‡•–ƒ”–
—’’”‘Œ‡ –•‘–Š‡‹”‘™Ǥ
š˜Ȍ ƒ‹–ƒ‹†‹• ‹’Ž‹‡‹ƒ†‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘Ǥ

Š‡–‡ƒ Š‹‰•–ƒˆˆ•Š‘—Ž†ǣ
‹Ȍ ’”‡’ƒ”‡• Š‡‡•‘ˆ™‘”ƒ†Ž‡••‘’Žƒ•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‡‡’”‡ ‘”†•‘ˆƒ––‡†ƒ ‡ǡƒ••‡••‡–ƒ††‹• ‹’Ž‹‡Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ •‡”˜‡ƒ•–‡ƒ Š‡”•ǡŽ‡ –—”‡”•ǡ•—’‡”˜‹•‘”•ƒ† ‘ƒ Š‡•Ǥ
‹˜Ȍ •‡”˜‡ ƒ• ‘•—Ž–ƒ–•Ȁ•—’‡”˜‹•‘”• ˆ‘” –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”•’ ’”‘Œ‡ –• ƒ†
ƒ••‹‰‡–•Ǥ
˜Ȍ ƒ••‡••–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•’’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡Ǥ
˜‹Ȍ ‘–”‹„—–‡–‘ ‘–‹—‹‰‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘‹‡†— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
˜‹‹Ȍ ‘—•‡Žƒ†‰—‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘ ƒ”‡‡”ƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•–Šƒ–ƒ›
ƒˆˆ‡ ––Š‡‹”•–—†‹‡•Ǥ
˜‹‹‹Ȍ ƒ””ƒ‰‡ ˆ‘” ƒ† ƒ””› ‘—– –‡”•Š‹’ –”ƒ‹‹‰ ’Žƒ ‡‡– ƒ†
•—’‡”˜‹•‹‘Ǥ
‹šȌ ƒ””ƒ‰‡ˆ‹‡Ž†–‘—”•ƒ†•‹–‡˜‹•‹–•Ǥ
šȌ ’”‡’ƒ”‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ˆ‘” ’”‘Œ‡ – ™‘” ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ƒ••‡•• ƒ† ”‡ ‘”†
–Š‡‹”’”‘‰”‡••Ǥ
š‹Ȍ ‰—‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‹’”‘Œ‡ –†‡•‹‰ƒ†™”‹–‹‰Ǥ
š‹‹Ȍ ‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‡‹‹–‡”†‹• ‹’Ž‹ƒ”›ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ
š‹‹‹Ȍ ƒ••‡••‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡‡••‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ
š‹˜Ȍ „‡‡–Š‹ ƒŽƒ†”‘Ž‡‘†‡Ž•–‘–Š‡’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘Ǥ
š˜Ȍ ƒ””›‘—–”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ™”‹–‡’ƒ’‡”•‘”’—„Ž‹•Š–‡ Š‹ ƒŽ„‘‘•Ǥ

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š˜‹Ȍ ‘•–ƒ–Ž› —’†ƒ–‡ –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡• ‘ –Š‡ ‹†—•–”y’• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–• ƒ†

”‡“—‹”‡‡–•Ǥ

 Š‡‹•–‹–—–‡ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡•–ƒˆˆ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡–Š‡”—‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒ†
 ’Žƒ›˜ƒ”‹‘—•”‘Ž‡•‹–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–”ƒ‹‹‰•›ŽŽƒ„‹ǤŠ‡ 
 ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡•–ƒˆˆ•Š‘—Ž†ǣ

‹Ȍ ‡‡’ —•–‘†›‘ˆ‹•–‹–—–‹‘’”‘’‡”–›ȋ‹˜‡–‘”‹‡•ȌǤ
‹‹Ȍ ’Žƒ ˆ‘” •‘‘–Š ”—‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ ȋ‘„‹Ž‹œ‡ ˆ—†• ƒ†
Š—ƒ”‡•‘—” ‡•ȌǤ
‹‹‹Ȍ ‡•—”‡‡“—‹–›ƒ†‰‡†‡”‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ
‹˜Ȍ Ž‹ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ ™‹–Š ‰‘˜‡”‡–ǡ ™‘”Ž† ‘ˆ ™‘” ƒ† ‘–Š‡”
•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•Ǥ
˜Ȍ •—’’‘”–ƒ†ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡–Š‡learners’ activities.
˜‹Ȍ ƒ””›‘—–ƒ†‹••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Ǥ
˜‹‹Ȍ ƒ‹–ƒ‹ƒ†—’Š‘Ž†–Š‡‰‘‘†‹ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘Ǥ
˜‹‹‹Ȍ ‡•—”‡Š‹‰Šƒ ƒ†‡‹ •–ƒ†ƒ”†•‘ˆ–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘Ǥ
‹šȌ ƒ””ƒ‰‡ˆ‘”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†”‡‰—Žƒ”‡‡–‹‰•‘ˆƒŽ—‹Ǥ
šȌ ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡–Š‹ ƒŽƒ†‘”ƒŽ ‘†— –Ǥ
š‹Ȍ ‡•—”‡•ƒˆ‡ƒ† ‘†— ‹˜‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ
š‹‹Ȍ ’”‘˜‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•™‹–Šƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•Ǥ
š‹‹‹Ȍ ƒŽŽ‘™ƒ†ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡‹–‡”Ǧ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ
š‹˜Ȍ ‡•—”‡ ‘Ǧ —””‹ —Žƒ”ƒƒ‰‡‡–ƒ†‹–•‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
š˜Ȍ ƒ’’”ƒ‹•‡•–ƒˆˆ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡Ǥ
š˜‹Ȍ ‡•—”‡•‡ —”‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ†–Š‡‹”’”‘’‡”–›Ǥ
š˜‹‹Ȍ ‡•—”‡†‹• ‹’Ž‹‡ƒ‘‰•–ƒˆˆƒ†–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Ǥ
š˜‹‹‹Ȍ ”‡ ‘‡†•–ƒˆˆˆ‘”’”‘‘–‹‘‘”†‹• ‹’Ž‹ƒ”›ƒ –‹‘Ǥ
š‹šȌ ƒ’’”ƒ‹•‡‘–Š‡”•–ƒˆˆǤ
ššȌ ’”‘˜‹†‡”‡‰—Žƒ”•—’’‘”––‘–‡ƒ Š‹‰ƒ†Ž‡ƒ”‹‰’”‘ ‡••Ǥ


 ‘Ǧcurricular activities are part of the institution’s activities and they enhance
 –Š‡–‡ƒ Š‹‰ƒ†Ž‡ƒ”‹‰’”‘ ‡••ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘•Š‘—Ž†‡•—”‡–Šƒ–ǣ
‹Ȍ –Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡•’‘”–•ƒ†”‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆƒ ‹Ž‹–‹‡•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ learners’ guiŽ† –Š”‘—‰Š ™Š‹ Š –Š‡‹” ƒˆˆƒ‹”• ƒ „‡
Šƒ‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ†‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡†Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—• ƒ† —Ž–—”ƒŽ ƒˆˆƒ‹”• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ”‡ ™‡ŽŽ ƒ–‡”‡† ˆ‘” ™‹–Š‘—–
†‹• ”‹‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹˜Ȍ •’‡ ‹ƒŽ‡‡†•ƒ†‰‡†‡”‹••—‡•ƒ”‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†Ǥ

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 NCJM

 ‘”•— ‡••ˆ—Ž‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ǡƒ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰

 ‡˜‹”‘‡–—•–„‡’”‘˜‹†‡†ǡ™Š‹ Š‹ Ž—†‡•ǣ
‹Ȍ ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡ ’Š›•‹ ƒŽ ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”— –—”‡ •— Š ƒ• Žƒ••”‘‘•ǡ Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”‹‡•ǡ
™‘”•Š‘’• ƒ† Ž‹„”ƒ”‹‡• ‡“—‹’’‡† ™‹–Š ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ƒ†
Ž‡ƒ”‹‰”‡•‘—” ‡•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‡Ž‡ –”‘‹  Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ ƒ† –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‡˜‹”‘‡– •— Š ƒ• ‘’—–‡”•ǡ
’”‘Œ‡ –‘”•ǡ ’”‹–‡”•ǡ ’Š‘–‘ ‘’‹‡”• ƒ† ’”‹–‡”• –‘ •—’’‘”– –‡ƒ Š‹‰
ƒ†Ž‡ƒ”‹‰’”‘ ‡••‡•Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ••— Šƒ•‘†‡Ž•ǡƒ—†‹‘Ǧ˜‹•—ƒŽƒ‹†•ǡ„‘‘•ǡƒ—ƒŽ•ǡŒ‘—”ƒŽ•
ƒ† ‡“—‹’‡– –Šƒ– ‘ˆˆ‡” –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ† –‡ƒ Š‡”• ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ
•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
‹˜Ȍ ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–‹‡•–‘ ƒ–‡”ˆ‘”ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‘–Š‡”Ž‘‰‹•–‹ •
–Šƒ–ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡Ž›•—’’‘”––Š‡‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’”‘ ‡••Ǥ
˜Ȍ ”‘’‡” ‡†‹ ƒŽ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–‹‡•ǡ Š›‰‹‡‡ ƒ† •ƒ‹–ƒ–‹‘ǡ ™‘”‹‰ ƒ†
•–—†›‹‰‡˜‹”‘‡–ǡˆ‡‡†‹‰ǡ™‡Žˆƒ”‡ƒ†•‡ —”‹–›ˆ‘”–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
ƒ†•–ƒˆˆǤ
˜‹Ȍ ’”‘’‡”‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹•’‹”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•–ƒˆˆƒ† –Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ˆ‘”–Š‡
–‘ ‘‹––‘–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ǥ
˜‹‹Ȍ ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡ ƒ””ƒ‰‡‡– ‘ˆ •‡‹ƒ”•ǡ ™‘”•Š‘’• ƒ† ‡šŠ‹„‹–‹‘•ǡ ƒ•
™‡ŽŽƒ••‹–‡•ƒ†ˆ‹‡Ž†˜‹•‹–•Ǥ
˜‹‹‹Ȍ ƒ ’Žƒ–ˆ‘” ˆ‘” –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ† •–ƒˆˆ –‘ ƒ‹” ‘—– –Š‡‹” ˜‹‡™•ǡ •— Š ƒ•
”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘‰‘˜‡”‹‰ ‘— ‹Ž•Ǥ
‹šȌ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ’‡”•‘‡Ž –‘ ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡Ž› ƒ‹–ƒ‹ ƒŽŽ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–‹‡• •— Š ƒ•
†‘”‹–‘”‹‡•Ǥ


 Š‡ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ƒ† Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ ‡–Š‘†• ‹ –Š‹• —””‹ —Ž— ƒ”‡ Œ—•– ƒ •ƒ’Ž‡Ǥ – ‹• ƒ–
 the teacher’s discretion to apply any other m‡–Š‘† †‡‡‡† •—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ –Š‡
 Žƒ••”‘‘ •‡––‹‰Ǥ Š‡ –›’‡ ‘ˆ ‡–Š‘† •‡Ž‡ –‡† •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ‰—‹†‡† „› –Š‡
 ‘’‡–‡ ‡• –‘ „‡ ƒ “—‹”‡† „› –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”Ǥ Š‡ –‡ƒ Š‡” ‹• ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡† –‘ —•‡ ƒ
 ˜ƒ”‹‡–›‘ˆ‡–Š‘†•‹ƒŽ‡••‘–‘ƒ‡‹–‘”‡‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ƒ†’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽǤ
 šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡–‡ƒ Š‹‰ƒ†Ž‡ƒ”‹‰‡–Š‘†•‹ Ž—†‡ǣ

1. Discussion 
a) Group Discussion
 Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• †‹• —•• ‹••—‡• ‹ ‰”‘—’•Ǥ Š‹• ‡–Š‘† ‡ƒ„Ž‡• ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ƒ†
 ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ –‘ ‘‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ”ƒ–Š‡” –Šƒ ˆ”‘ ›‘—Ǥ – ’”‘‘–‡•
 –‡ƒ™‘” ƒ† ƒŽŽ‘™• ƒŽŽ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ‰‹˜‡ –Š‡‹”
 ‘’‹‹‘•ƒ†‹†‡ƒ•Ǣ ƒ†‹–ƒŽ•‘•–‹—Žƒ–‡•–Š‡‹”‹–‡”‡•–ƒ•–Š‡›Ž‡ƒ”ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ Š
 ‘–Š‡”Ǥ

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Guidelines for using group discussion method
‹Ȍ ”‘—’Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
‹‹Ȍ ‹˜‡ Ž‡ƒ”‹•–”— –‹‘•–‘–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ•–‘™Šƒ–‡ƒ Š‰”‘—’•Š‘—Ž††‘
‹‹‹Ȍ ••‹‰–ƒ•ȋ•Ȍ–‘‡ƒ Š‰”‘—’
‹˜Ȍ ‡ƒ”‡”•†‹• —••‹••—‡•”ƒ‹•‡†‹–Š‡–ƒ•™‹–Š›‘—”‰—‹†ƒ ‡
˜Ȍ ‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ‰”‡‡‘–Š‡‹••—‡•–‘„‡’”‡•‡–‡†
˜‹Ȍ ‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ‡‰”‘—’’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‰‡‡”ƒŽ†‹• —••‹‘•
˜‹‹Ȍ —ƒ”‹œ‡ƒ‰”‡‡† Žƒ••’‘‹–•

„Ȍ Guided Discussion
Guidelines for using guided discussion method
‹Ȍ ‡ƒ†–Š‡†‹• —••‹‘ƒ†ƒ –ƒ•–Š‡ Šƒ‹”’‡”•‘Ȁ•‡ ”‡–ƒ”›
‹‹Ȍ ‹˜‡ Ž‡ƒ”‹•–”— –‹‘•–‘–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ•–‘™Šƒ––Š‡›•Š‘—Ž††‘
‹‹‹Ȍ ‡ƒ”‡”•†‹• —••‹••—‡•”ƒ‹•‡†‹–Š‡–ƒ•™‹–Š›‘—”‰—‹†ƒ ‡
‹˜Ȍ ‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ‰”‡‡‘–Š‡‹••—‡•
˜Ȍ —ƒ”‹œ‡–Š‡•‡••‹‘„›†”ƒ™‹‰‘–Š‡ƒ‹’‘‹–•

2. Case Study
 Š‹• ‹• ™Š‡”‡ ›‘— ‰‹˜‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ ’”‘„Ž‡ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ –‘ ‘‡ —’
 ™‹–Š†‡ ‹•‹‘•‘”•‘Ž—–‹‘•ǤŠ‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ ƒ•‡•–—†‹‡•‹•–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ Š‡Ž’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›ƒ†•‘Ž˜‡’”‘„Ž‡•‹ƒ–›’‹ ƒŽ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘
‹‹Ȍ ’”‘˜‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•™‹–Š ‘ˆ‹†‡ ‡‹†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ ‡Ž’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•†‡˜‡Ž‘’ƒƒŽ›–‹ ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•Ǥ

3. Brainstorming
Š‹•‹•ƒ™ƒ›‘ˆ‘„–ƒ‹‹‰ƒ•ƒ›˜‹‡™•ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡ˆ”‘–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‹ƒ•Š‘”–
–‹‡Ǥ Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ‰—‹†‡† –‘ ‰‹˜‡ ƒ• ƒ› ‹†‡ƒ• ƒ• –Š‡› ƒ ‘ ƒ
’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ‹••—‡Ǥ – ‹• ”‡ ‘‡†‡† –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ ‹†‡ƒ• ƒ”‡ ƒ ‡’–‡† ™‹–Š‘—–
“—‡•–‹‘‹‰Ǥ Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ• •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ”ƒ‡† ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡ –‘–Š‡‹••—‡
„‡‹‰„”ƒ‹•–‘”‡†Ǥ

Basic rules for brainstorming
‹Ȍ  ‘—”ƒ‰‡ƒ•ƒ›‹†‡ƒ•ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡
‹‹Ȍ  ‘—”ƒ‰‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ”‹–‹ ‹•

4. Buzz Method
Š‹•‹•ƒ‡–Š‘†‘ˆ–”ƒ‹‹‰–Šƒ–”‡“—‹”‡•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”••‡ƒ–‡†‡ƒ”‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”–‘
†‹• —•• ƒ ‹••—‡ –Šƒ– ‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ ƒ Ž‘– ‘ˆ ’‘‹–• ‘” ‘–”‘˜‡”•›Ǥ Š‡ ‘‹•‡ ‹• –Š‡

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—”—”–Šƒ––Š‡ Žƒ••ƒ‡•Ž‹‡–Šƒ–‘ˆ„—œœǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ•‘‡ƒƒ‰‡ƒ„Ž‡‘‹•‡
‘” —”—” •Š‘—Ž† ‘– „‡ ‹•–ƒ‡ ˆ‘” ‘ Ž‡ƒ”‹‰Ǥ Š‹• ‡–Š‘† ‹• ‰‘‘† ‹
situations where one cannot conduct effective training like when it’s raining, •‘
ƒ• “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ„‘—– ™Šƒ– –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• Šƒ˜‡ †‹• —••‡† –‘ ˆ‹† ‘—– ‹ˆ –Š‡›Šƒ˜‡
—†‡”•–‘‘†Ǥ

5. Guided Discovery
Š‹•‡–Š‘†‹•„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡‘–‹‘–Šƒ––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘™‘”‡–Šƒ–Š‡› –Š‹
–Š‡› †‘Ǥ Š‡ ƒ••—’–‹‘ ‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡› ‘Ž› ‡‡† –‘ „‡ ’”‘’–‡† –‘ †‹• ‘˜‡” –Š‹•
‘™Ž‡†‰‡„›–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•Ǥ‘—””‘Ž‡‹•–‘‘”‰ƒ‹•‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒ†
’”‡•‡––Š‡ ‘–‡–‹•— Šƒ™ƒ›–Šƒ––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ†‹• ‘˜‡”‘”‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡
ƒ†‹†‡ƒ•Ǥ

6. Demonstration
 Š‹•‹•–Š‡ƒ –‘ˆ‡šŠ‹„‹–‹‰ǡ†‡• ”‹„‹‰ǡ ƒ†‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰–Š‡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘”’”‘ ‡••
 „› —•‡ ‘ˆ ƒ †‡˜‹ ‡ǡ ƒ Š‹‡ǡ ’”‘ ‡•• ‘” ’”‘†— – –‘ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Ǥ 
 †‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‡ ƒ””‹‡†‘—–„››‘—‘”–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Ǥ
7. Illustration
Š‹• ‹• ƒ †‡’‹ –‹‘ ‘” ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ •—„Œ‡ – ƒ––‡”ǡ •— Š ƒ• ƒ †”ƒ™‹‰ǡ
•‡– Šǡ’ƒ‹–‹‰ǡ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Šǡ‘”‘–Š‡”‹†‘ˆ‹ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‹‰••‡‡ǡ ”‡‡„‡”‡†
‘” ‹ƒ‰‹‡†ǡ —•‹‰ ƒ ‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‹• ‡–Š‘† ‹• „‡•– —•‡† ™Š‡”‡
™‘”†•ƒ”‡‘–•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡––‘ Ž‡ƒ”Ž›„”‹‰‘—–ƒ ‘ ‡’–Ǥ –‰‹˜‡•ƒ˜‹•—ƒŽ‹’”‡••‹‘
–‘™Šƒ–‹•„‡‹‰–ƒ—‰Š–Ǥ

8. Guest Speaker
—‡•– •’‡ƒ‡”• ‘—Ž† „‡ Ž‘ ƒŽ ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•ǡ ‰‘˜‡”‡– ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ•ǡ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ
’”ƒ –‹–‹‘‡”• ‘” ‘—‹–› Ž‡ƒ†‡”• ‹˜‹–‡† –‘ ƒ‡ ƒ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡
Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Ǥ —‡•– •’‡ƒ‡”• ƒ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ ˜ƒ”‹‡–›   –‘ –Š‡ ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’
‡†— ƒ–‹‘ Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ǡ •Šƒ”‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǡ ƒ†† ˜ƒŽ—‡ „› ‡‰ƒ‰‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ‹ ƒ
‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘” ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ‡”Ǥ Š‡ ‡–Š‘† ’”‘˜‹†‡• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ™‹–Š ƒ
‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ’Š›•‹ ƒŽŽ› ‹–‡”ƒ – ™‹–Š ƒ ’”ƒ –‹–‹‘‡” ƒ† ‘–‹˜ƒ–‡• –Š‡ –‘
†‡˜‡Ž‘’ƒ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”‹ƒŽƒ––‹–—†‡Ǥ

9. Role-Play
 Š‹• ‡–Š‘† ‹• ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ”‡ ’”‡•‡–‡† ™‹–Š ƒ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡› ƒ”‡
 ‡š’‡ –‡† –‘ ‡š’Ž‘”‡ „› ƒ –‹‰ ‘—– –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‘•‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–‡† ‹ –Š‡
 •‹–—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘— •Š‘—Ž† ƒ”‡ˆ—ŽŽ› •‡Ž‡ – ƒ† ’”‡’ƒ”‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ’”‘’‡”Ž› ˆ‘” –Š‡
 ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›Ǥ “—ƒŽŽ›ǡ ’”‡’ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ‹‹‰ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ› „› „”‹‡ˆ‹‰
 –Š‡ ‘ Š‘™ –Š‡› ƒ”‡ –‘ ƒ – †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ’Žƒ›‡”• •Š‘—Ž† –”› –‘
 „‡Šƒ˜‡ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ›†—”‹‰–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
 
 ‘—•Š‘—Ž†ǣ
‹Ȍ ‘„•‡”˜‡™Š‡–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‹•–ƒ‹‰’Žƒ ‡Ǥ

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‹‹Ȍ ‰—‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‹–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘–‘‡•—”‡–Šƒ––Š‡›ˆ‘ —•‘–Š‡–Š‡‡

‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ›Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ ‡‰ƒ‰‡ – Š ‡  Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ‹ ƒ †‹• —••‹‘ ‘” ƒ• –Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ„‘—– ™Šƒ–
–Š‡› Šƒ˜‡Ž‡ƒ”– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡ ’Žƒ› ™‹–Š ƒ ˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ˆ‹†‹‰ ‘—– ‹ˆ –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡Ǧ
’Žƒ› Šƒ• ’”‘˜‹†‡†•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

10. Study Tour
Š‹•‹•™Š‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ”‡–ƒ‡‘—––‘’‡”ˆ‘”’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”–ƒ••™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ‹‘ˆ
ƒ””›‹‰‘—–ƒ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ’”ƒ –‹ ‡‘”ǡ–‘™‹–‡••–Š‡ˆŽ‘™‘ˆ‡˜‡–•Ǥ –‡ƒ„Ž‡•
–Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ Ž‹ –Š‡ • Š‘‘Ž •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ”‡ƒŽ‹–› ‹ –Š‡ ‘—‹–› ‘”
™‘”Ž†‘ˆ™‘”Ǥ

11. Field Attachment
Š‹• ‹• ™Š‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ”‡ ƒ––ƒ Š‡† –‘ ƒ ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”ȋ•Ȍ –‘ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ †—”‹‰
–Š‡‹”•–—†›–‹‡Ǥ –†‘‡•‘– ‘Ž›‡ƒ„Ž‡–Š‡–‘”‡Žƒ–‡™Šƒ––Š‡›Šƒ˜‡ Ž‡ƒ”–‹
Žƒ••ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘ƒŽŽ‘™•–Š‡–‘ƒ “—‹”‡‘”‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ† •‹ŽŽ• „‡›‘† ™Šƒ–
™ƒ• ‘˜‡”‡†Ǥ –ˆ—”–Š‡”‘–‹˜ƒ–‡•–Š‡–‘„‡ ‘‡’”ƒ –‹–‹‘‡”•‘”‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Ǥ

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 NCJM

Year 1 Semester 2
Modules are core LH PH CH CU

 ͳͳͳ —†ƒ‡–ƒŽ•‘ˆƒ••‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ͵Ͳ ͵Ͳ Ͷͷ ͵

 ͳͳʹ ”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ‡™•”‹–‹‰ƒ†‡’‘”–‹‰ ͵Ͳ ͸Ͳ ͸Ͳ Ͷ

 ͳͳ͵ ”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆƒ†‹‘”‘†— –‹‘ ͵Ͳ ͻͲ ͹ͷ ͷ

 ͳͳͶ –Š‹ •‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•   ͵Ͳ ͵Ͳ Ͷͷ ͵

 ͳͳͷ ‘ ‹ƒŽ‘ ‡’–•‹‡†‹ƒ ͵Ͳ ͸Ͳ ͸Ͳ Ͷ

 ͳͳ͸ ‡ƒŽǦ‹ˆ‡”‘Œ‡ –ͳ ʹͲ ͺͲ ͸Ͳ Ͷ

Total 170 350 345 23

Year 1 Semester 2
All Modules are core LH PH CH CU

 ͳʹͳ —„Ž‹ ’‡ƒ‹‰ ͵Ͳ ͻͲ ͹ͷ ͷ

 ͳʹʹ ”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ—„Ž‹ ‡Žƒ–‹‘• ͵Ͳ ͸Ͳ ͸Ͳ Ͷ

ͳʹ͵ ”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ ‘‘‹ • ͵Ͳ ͵Ͳ Ͷͷ ͵

ͳʹͶ ‘’—–‡”’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘• ͵Ͳ ͸Ͳ ͸Ͳ Ͷ

ͳʹͷ Ž‡‡–•‘ˆ–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ͶͲ ͶͲ ͸Ͳ Ͷ

 ͳʹ͸ ‡ƒŽǦ‹ˆ‡”‘Œ‡ –ʹ Ǧ ͳʹͲ ͸Ͳ Ͷ

Total 160 400 360 24

Year 2 Semester 1
Modules are core LH PH CH CU

 ʹͳͳ ”‹–‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡‡†‹ƒ ʹͲ ͷͲ Ͷͷ ͵

 ʹͳʹ ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›‡†‹ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘• ʹͲ ͷͲ Ͷͷ ͵

 ʹͳ͵ —†ƒ‡–ƒŽ•‘ˆ‡†‹ƒƒ™ ʹͷ ͶͲ Ͷͷ ͵

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Modules are core LH PH CH CU

 ʹͳͶ ”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆŠ‘–‘ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ʹͲ ͺͲ ͸Ͳ Ͷ

 ʹͳͷ ”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ ʹͷ ͶͲ Ͷͷ ͵

 ʹͳ͸ ‡ƒŽǦ‹ˆ‡”‘Œ‡ –͵ Ǧ ͳʹͲ ͸Ͳ Ͷ

Total 110 380 300 20

Year 2 Semester 2
All Modules are core LH PH CH CU

 ʹʹͳ ”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘”‘†— –‹‘ ͵Ͳ ͻͲ ͹ͷ ͷ

 ʹʹʹ ‹†‡‘†‹–‹‰ƒ†”‘†— –‹‘ ͵ͷ ͻͲ ͹ͷ ͷ

ʹʹ͵ ƒ•‹ ‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ ʹͷ ͶͲ Ͷͷ ͵

ʹʹͶ —†ƒ‡–ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‹‡ ‡ ʹͲ ʹͲ ͵Ͳ ʹ

 ʹʹͷ ‡ƒŽǦ‹ˆ‡”‘Œ‡ –Ͷ Ǧ ͳʹͲ ͸Ͳ Ͷ

 ʹʹ͸ –‡”•Š‹’ ͳͲ ͳͲͲ ͸Ͳ Ͷ

Total 110 410 315 23




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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶͷ ‘—”•

Š‡‘†—Ž‡’”‘˜‹†‡•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”™‹–Š‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’•‹ŽŽ•–‘ ‘—‹ ƒ–‡

ƒ† ‰‡– ƒŽ‘‰ ™‹–Š ‘–Š‡”• –Š”‘—‰Š ™”‹–‹‰ǡ •’‡ƒ‹‰ǡ Ž‹•–‡‹‰ǡ ƒ† ‹–‡”’”‡–‹‰ ‘ˆ
„‘†› Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ™‹ŽŽ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ –Š‡ •‹ŽŽ• ‡‡†‡† –‘ ’‡”ˆ‘” Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•
ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡••— Š ƒ• ‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰ ‡™•ǡ ‘•—Ž–‹‰ǡ ƒ‹‰ ƒ‘— ‡‡–•ǡ ‰‹˜‹‰ ƒ†˜‹ ‡ǡ
ƒ†™”‹–‹‰’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ 

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ †‡•‹‰ ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ‡••ƒ‰‡• –Šƒ– ™‹ŽŽ „”‹‰ –Š‡ †‡•‹”‡† Šƒ‰‡ –‘ –Š‡ –ƒ”‰‡–
ƒ—†‹‡ ‡Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ •‡Ž‡ ––Š‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡‡†‹—‘ˆ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘–‘†‹••‡‹ƒ–‡–Š‡
†‡•‹‰‡†‡••ƒ‰‡Ǥ

Sub-module 1: Concept of Communication

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ  • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ • ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ
‘†‡Ž•–‘†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡ ‘†‡Ž•‹Ǥ‡Ǥ•‘—” ‡ǡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
’”‘ ‡••‘ˆ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‡••ƒ‰‡ǡ Šƒ‡Žǡ • ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡–‘–Š‡
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––›’‡•‘ˆ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡”ǡˆ‡‡†„ƒ  Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š‡
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘–‘†‡Ž‹˜‡” • ’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‘†‡Ž
‡••ƒ‰‡•Ǥ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ƒ††‡‘•–”ƒ–‡‹–•
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ • ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ˆ— –‹‘Ǥ
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡†ƒ›Ǧ ’Žƒ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
–‘Ǧ†ƒ›†‡ƒŽ‹‰•Ǥ •‡Ž‡ –‹‰‡†‹—ǡ –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘
• †‡˜‡Ž‘’•ƒ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘™‹‰–Š‡ ƒ’’Ž›–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
’ŽƒǤ ƒ—†‹‡ ‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”•Ǥ
• —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
†‡˜‡Ž‘’ƒ
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘’ŽƒǤ

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‹Ȍ ••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘—•‹‰ƒ•–”‹‰ƒ†

–‹•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ › Ž‡ Šƒ”–•

• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‘†‡Ž
• ‹•ƒ†•–”‹‰•

Sub module 2: Levels of Communication
—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • –”ƒ’‡”•‘ƒŽ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ †‹• —••–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‡˜‡Ž•
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ • –‡”’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‘ˆ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•ƒ†ƒ‡• • ”‘—’ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘•‘–Š‡
†‡ ‹•‹‘•ƒ ‘”†‹‰Ž›Ǥ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡„‡–™‡‡‹–”ƒǦ
• ‘—‹ ƒ–‡•™‹–Š • ”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹–‡”Ǧ
‘–Š‡”•ƒ•ƒ™ƒ›‘ˆ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‡š Šƒ‰‹‰‹†‡ƒ•Ǥ • ”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ†
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•Ž‘ ƒŽ‡ƒ•‘ˆ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ –ƒ•–Š‡–‘”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›–Š‡
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ • ƒ•• †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ
ȋ•–‘”›–‡ŽŽ‹‰ǡ•‘‰•ǡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‰ƒ‡•ǡ’”‘˜‡”„•ǡ‡– ǤȌ 
–‘ ‘˜‡›‡••ƒ‰‡•Ǥ
• ƒ‡•—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ••
‡†‹ƒ–‘ ‘—‹ ƒ–‡
–‘Žƒ”‰‡—„‡”‘ˆ
’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ

‹Ȍ ••‡••–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ•–Š‡›”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‹• —•• –Š‡ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡• ƒ† †‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡
•‡Ž‡ –‡†ˆ‘”• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

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 NCJM

• ”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ Šƒ”–•
• ƒ•• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‰ƒ†‰‡–•‡Ǥ‰Ǥ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•ǡ”ƒ†‹‘ǡ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ǡ–‡Ž‡’Š‘‡ǡ
”‡ ‘”†‡”ǡ‘–‹ ‡„‘ƒ”†ƒ†„‹ŽŽ„‘ƒ”†
• ”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‰ƒ†‰‡–••— Šƒ•†”—•ǡŠ‘”•ǡˆŽ—–‡•ƒ†„‡ŽŽ•

Sub-module 3: Types of Communication

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡”„ƒŽ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– • ‘˜‡”„ƒŽ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
–›’‡•‘ˆ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ –›’‡•‘ˆ
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ • ”‹––‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
• •‡Ž‡ –•–Š‡ • ‹•—ƒŽ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‹ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘–›’‡•Ǥ
”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡–ƒ”‰‡–
‰”‘—’Ǥ

‹Ȍ ••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• Š‘‡™‘” –‘ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› ”‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘• ™Š‡”‡ ‡ƒ Š

‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘–›’‡ ƒ„‡„‡•–ƒ’’Ž‹‡†Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‹• —•• –Š‡ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡• ƒ† †‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––›’‡•‘ˆ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

• ‡ƒ†‹‰ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ǣ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•ƒ†–‡š–• ”‹’–•
• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‰ƒ†‰‡–•ǣ”ƒ†‹‘ǡ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘•‡–ǡ‘„‹Ž‡’Š‘‡ƒ†”‡ ‘”†‡”
• ‰ƒ†‰‡–•

Sub-module 4: Barriers to Effective Communication

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡„ƒ””‹‡” • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‹ƒ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡„ƒ””‹‡”• • Š›•‹ ƒŽ„ƒ””‹‡”• „”ƒ‹•–‘”‹‰•‡••‹‘
–‘‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ • ‘–‹‘ƒŽ„ƒ””‹‡”• ‘–Š‡„ƒ””‹‡”•–‘
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ • •› Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ„ƒ””‹‡”• ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡
• •‡–•‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
‡ƒ•—”‡•–‘ —”„–Š‡ • ‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ„ƒ””‹‡”• • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
„ƒ””‹‡”•–‘‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ • ‡” ‡’–‹‘„ƒ””‹‡”• †‹• —••‹‰”‘—’•–Š‡
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ • ––‹–—†‹ƒŽ„ƒ””‹‡”• ‡ƒ•—”‡•–‘
• —Ž–—”ƒŽ„ƒ””‹‡”• ‘˜‡” ‘‡„ƒ””‹‡”•–‘
• ˜‡” ‘‹‰„ƒ””‹‡”• ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡
–‘‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ 

‹˜‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –ƒ•• –‘ †‹• —•• ‹ ‰”‘—’• –Š‡ „ƒ””‹‡”• –‘ ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ƒ†ƒ‡ Žƒ••’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

• ƒ†‹‘ǡ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ƒ†”‡ ‘”†‡”
• ‘’—–‡”
• ”‘Œ‡ –‘”
• ‡Ž‡’Š‘‡
• ‹†‡‘ Ž‹’•
• ‡ ‘”†‡†‡••ƒ‰‡•
• ƒ‡”ƒ•

Sub-module 5: Communication Technologies
—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͷ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ ‘†‡•‘ˆ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡‘†‡•‘ˆ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ǣ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡––‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•
–‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•Ǥ • ƒ†‹‘ —•‡†‹ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– • ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ • ‘†— –’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ • ‡Ž‡’Š‘‡• †‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘•‘–Š‡
–‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•–‘–Š‡ • ‹ ”‘’Š‘‡• ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
ƒ†˜ƒ ‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡ • ƒ”’Š‘‡• †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•’”ƒ –‹ ‡•Ǥ • ‡™•’ƒ’‡”• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘
• ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡• –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•Ǥ
• –‡”‡– • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
• ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡• †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
• ‹„”‡‘’–‹ • ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ†
†‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ‡ƒ Š

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
• †˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘
†‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡• –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ • ƒ‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘ƒ
–‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡• •–—†›˜‹•‹––‘’Žƒ ‡•–Šƒ–
—•‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘
–‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•–‘‘„•‡”˜‡
ƒ††‹• ‘˜‡”Š‘™–Š‡›
‘’‡”ƒ–‡Ǥ

••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ† ƒ‡ ™”‹–‡Ǧ—’• ‘ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘   –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡• ™Š‹ Š ƒ”‡ Šƒ‰‹‰ –Š‡ –”‡† ‘ˆ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‹
–Š‡‹” ‘—‹–‹‡•Ǥ

• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‰ƒ†‰‡–•ǣ”ƒ†‹‘ǡ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘•‡–ǡ‘„‹Ž‡’Š‘‡ƒ†”‡ ‘”†‡”

• ‰ƒ†‰‡–•
• ‡†‹ƒŠ‘—•‡•
• ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡•–ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†™‡ƒ–Š‡”•–ƒ–‹‘•

ƒ”ƒǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ –”‘†— –‹‘ –‘ ƒ•• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‡™ ‘”ǡ  ”ƒ™
‹ŽŽǤ
‡”‘ǡǤȋʹͲͲͲȌǤ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‰.‡™ ‡”•‡›ǡ”‡–‹ ‡ ƒŽŽǤ
‹–‡”ǡǤȋʹͲͲͻȌǤƒ••‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ǣ –”‘†— –‹‘.‡™ ‡”•‡›ǡ
”‡–‹ ‡ ƒŽŽǤ
‡ˆŽ‡—”ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ƭ ‡‹•ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǤ †‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ƒ•• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘. ‘•–‘ǡ
‘—‰Š–‘‹ˆˆŽ‹Ǥ
›„‡Ž•ǡǤƬ‡ƒ˜‡”ǡ ǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‰ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ‘•–‘ǡ
 ”ƒ™ ‹ŽŽǤ
ƒ„‡ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤIntroduction to Mass Communication Practice inNigeriaǤ „ƒ†ƒǣ
’‡ –”—‘‘•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸Ͳ ‘—”•

Š‹• ‘†—Ž‡ ‹• †‡•‹‰‡† –‘ enhance the learner’s abilities to gatherǡ †‹••‡‹ƒ–‡ǡ
ƒ†•Šƒ”‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘˜‡”ƒ˜ƒ”‹‡–›‘ˆ’Žƒ–ˆ‘”•Ǥ –’”‡•‡–•ƒˆ‹”ˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”
–Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ‹–‡†‹‰ –‘ „‡ ‘‡ ƒ „”‘ƒ† ƒ•– Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•– •‘ ƒ• –‘ ‘˜‡” –Š‡ ‘•–
—””‡––”‡†•‹–Š‡‡†‹ƒǤ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡™•ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‘—‹–‹‡•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ™”‹–‡ƒ†ƒ‡ƒ —”ƒ–‡”‡’‘”–‹‰–‘–Š‡’—„Ž‹ Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ „—‹Ž†–”—•–™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ—†‹‡ ‡Ǥ


—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ‡™• • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•‡™• • Ž‡‡–•‘ˆ‡™• „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • Š‡†‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ †‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ƒ†‡Ž‡‡–•
‡Ž‡‡–•‘ˆ‡™•Ǥ ‡™• ‘ˆ‡™•Ǥ
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡ • ƒ•‹  ‘’‘‡–•‘ˆƒ •  ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ†
†‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ ‡™••–‘”› –ƒ•–Š‡–‘†‹• —••–Š‡
‡™•Ǥ • ‡‡”ƒŽ”—Ž‡•ˆ‘”‡™• †‡–‡”‹ƒ–•ƒ†„ƒ•‹ 
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡„ƒ•‹  ™”‹–‹‰ ‘’‘‡–•‘ˆƒ‡™•
‘’‘‡–•‘ˆƒ • —ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ‡™• •–‘”›Ǥ
‡™••–‘”›Ǥ ”‡’‘”–‡” • ˜‹–‡ƒ‡™•”‡’‘”–‡”–‘
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡”—Ž‡• ‰—‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡
ˆ‘”™”‹–‹‰‡™•Ǥ ”—Ž‡•ˆ‘”™”‹–‹‰‡™•
• †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•–Š‡ •–‘”‹‡•ƒ†–Š‡
“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ‡™• ‘’‘‡–•‘ˆ‡™•
”‡’‘”–‡”Ǥ •–‘”‹‡•Ǥ
• ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
‘–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ‰‘‘†
‡™•”‡’‘”–‡”Ǥ

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••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ™”‹–‡ ƒ ‡™• •–‘”› ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” Š‘‹ ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •—””‘—†‹‰
‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ

• ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ‡™••–‘”‹‡•
• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•ˆ‘”™”‹–‹‰‡™•
• Š‡ –‡”‡–


—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‘—” ‡•‘ˆ‡™•ǣ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ - ’”‹ƒ”›Ƭ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
‡™•Ǥ •‡ ‘†ƒ”› •‘—” ‡•‘ˆ‡™•Ǥ
• •‡Ž‡ –•–Š‡–‘‘Ž•ˆ‘” - ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽƒ† • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡Š‘™–‘—•‡
‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰‡™•Ǥ —‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ‘” –‘‘Ž•‹‡™•‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡• Š‹††‡‘” ƒ†–ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
ƒ††‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ ‘ˆ‹†‡–‹ƒŽ ’”ƒ –‹•‡Ǥ
–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––‘‘Ž•—•‡† - ‘ˆˆ–Š‡”‡ ‘”† • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ†
ˆ‘”‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰‡™•Ǥ •‘—” ‡•Ȁ•‡ŽˆǦ –ƒ•–Š‡–‘†‹• —••–Š‡
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ†
‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ‡™• •‘—” ‡• †‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ–Š‡
•‘—” ‡•ƒ†ƒ––”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ • ‘‘Ž•‘ˆ‡™• †‹ˆˆ‡”‡––‘‘Ž•—•‡†ˆ‘”
• Ž‘‘•ˆ‘”ƒ†’”‘‘–‡• ‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰ ‡™•‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰Ǥ
–Š‡•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ‡™•Ǥ • †˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ† • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
• †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•–Š‡‡–Š‹ • †‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
‘ˆ•‘—” ‹‰ƒ† †‹ˆˆ‡”‡––‘‘Ž• ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ‡™•
”‡’‘”–‹‰‡™•Ǥ • ’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ‡™• •‘—” ‡•ƒ†ƒ––”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ
•‘—” ‡•ƒ† • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
ƒ––”‹„—–‹‘ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
• —Ž–‹˜ƒ–‹‰ǡ˜‡”‹ˆ›‹‰ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡•‘ˆ
ƒ††‡ƒŽ‹‰™‹–Š —Ž–‹˜ƒ–‹‰ǡ˜‡”‹ˆ›‹‰ƒ†
•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ‡™• †‡ƒŽ‹‰™‹–Š•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ
• –Š‹ ƒŽƒ•’‡ –‘ˆ ‡™•Ǥ
•‘—” ‹‰‡™•ƒ† • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
”‡’‘”–‹‰ ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›–Š‡‡–Š‹ •‘ˆ
•‘—” ‹‰‡™•ƒ†
”‡’‘”–‹‰Ǥ

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••‹‰Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ †‹• —••–Š‡•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ‡™•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡‡–Š‹ •‘ˆ‡™••‘—” ‹‰ƒ†”‡’‘”–‹‰Ǥ


‘‘Ž• ‘ˆ ‡™• ‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰ ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ ƒ‡”ƒ•ǡ ”‡ ‘”†‡”•ǡ ‘„‹Ž‡ ’Š‘‡•ǡ •–ƒ–‹‘‡”›ǡ ‹ƒ†
ƒ† ‘’—–‡”

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • Ž‡‡–•‘ˆ‡™• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡‡Ž‡‡–• ”‡’‘”–‹‰ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
‘ˆ‡™•”‡’‘”–‹‰Ǥ • ƒ•‹ ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ ‡Ž‡‡–•‘ˆ‡™•
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡„ƒ•‹  ”‡’‘”–‹‰‡™• ”‡’‘”–‹‰Ǥ
’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ”‡’‘”–‹‰ • ƒ –‘”•ƒˆˆ‡ –‹‰ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
‡™•Ǥ ‡™•™‘”–Š‹‡•• –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ˆƒ –‘”• • ƒ”†‡™•ƒ†•‘ˆ– ƒ’’Ž›–Š‡„ƒ•‹ 
–Šƒ–ƒˆˆ‡ – ‡™• ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ‡™•
‡™•™‘”–Š‹‡••Ǥ • ‡™••–‘”‹‡•ǡ ”‡’‘”–‹‰Ǥ
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡Šƒ”†ƒ† Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•ƒ† • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
•‘ˆ–‡™•Ǥ †‡• ”‹’–‹‘•ǣ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
• ‰ƒ–Š‡”•‡™••–‘”‹‡• - ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•–‘”› ˆƒ –‘”•–Šƒ–ƒˆˆ‡ ––Š‡
ƒ† Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ - ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™Ǧ—’‡™• ™‘”–Š‹‡••‘ˆ‡™•Ǥ
‹–‘ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•‘ˆ - ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹˜‡ • Žƒ›ƒ˜‹†‡‘•Š‘™ˆ‘”
ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘™Ǧ—’ǡ - —””‡–ˆˆƒ‹”• –Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘‰‡–ƒ
‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ —””‡– - Šƒ”†ƒ†•‘ˆ– ‹•‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
ƒˆˆƒ‹”•ǡŠƒ”†ǡƒ†•‘ˆ– ‡™••–‘”› Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ‡™•
‡™••–‘”‹‡•Ǥ •–‘”‹‡•Ǥ


‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••–‘ǣ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ› –Š‡ –›’‡• ‘ˆ ‡™• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡™•’ƒ’‡”• ’”‘˜‹†‡† ƒ† ƒ‡
’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‡Ǥ
• †‹• —••–Š‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ‡™•”‡’‘”–‹‰Ǥ

Teaching and Learning Resources

ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆǣ
• ‡™••–‘”‹‡•
• Šƒ”†‡™•
• •‘ˆ–‡™•
• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡™•Ž‡ƒ†•ǣ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
• †‡˜‡Ž‘’•‡™•Ž‡ƒ†•Ǥ - –›’‡•‘ˆŽ‡ƒ†• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ‡™•
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ - ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ Ž‡ƒ†•ˆ‘”–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‡™•Ž‡ƒ†•Ǥ ‡™•Ž‡ƒ†• ‡—Žƒ–‡Ǥ
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ - ™”‹–‹‰„ƒ•‹  • ‡ƒ†–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‹ƒ
‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ‡™• ‡™•Ž‡ƒ†• ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
Ž‡ƒ†•Ǥ • ‡™•™”‹–‹‰•–›Ž‡ǣ –›’‡•ƒ†‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ
• ™”‹–‡•–Š‡‡™• - –Š‡‹˜‡”–‡† ‡™•Ž‡ƒ†•Ǥ
Ž‡ƒ†•‹†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ’›”ƒ‹† • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
•–›Ž‡•Ǥ - ‡™•™”‹–‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š†‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘–‘
 –‡ Š‹“—‡• ™”‹–‡„ƒ•‹ ‡™•Ž‡ƒ†•‹
‹ Ž—†‹‰–Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•–›Ž‡•Ǥ
‡™•ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ
ͷ•ƒ† ǡ–Š‡
‹–”‘ƒ†ˆ‘ —•

••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ™”‹–‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– –›’‡• ‘ˆ Ž‡ƒ†• ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ •–‘”›
•–”— –—”‡•Ǥ

• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•
• ”‹––‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ
• Š‡ –‡”‡–

Sub-module 5: Writing the Basic News Stories
—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • Š‡™”‹–‹‰’”‘ ‡••ǣ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ˆ‘”–Š‡
• ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡•‡™• - —– Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡
•–‘”‹‡•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ - „‘†› ˆ‘”™”‹–‹‰‡™•
–Š‡•‡–’”‘ ‡†—”‡Ǥ - „—‹Ž†‹‰ •–‘”‹‡•Ǥ
• ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡•‡™• • ‡™••–‘”›•–”— –—”‡ • ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡•–”— –—”‡
•–‘”‹‡•‹–‘–Š‡ • ‡ƒ†ǣ ‘ˆ–Š‡‡™••–‘”‹‡•Ǥ
”‡“—‹”‡†•–”— –—”‡Ǥ - –›’‡•‘ˆŽ‡ƒ† • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ™”‹–‡•‡™••–‘”‹‡• - „‘†› ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡ƒ†™”‹–‡ƒ

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
‹ƒ‹˜‡”–‡† - ‘ Ž—•‹‘Ǥ ‡™••–‘”›‹‹˜‡”–‡†
’›”ƒ‹†•–›Ž‡Ǥ • ”‰ƒ‹œ‹‰ƒ† ’›”ƒ‹†•–›Ž‡Ǥ
 ™”‹–‹‰ƒ‹˜‡”–‡†
’›”ƒ‹†•–›Ž‡Ǥ

••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡ ‡™• •–‘”‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ‘™ Š‘‹ ‡• ƒ† ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡
–Š‡‹ƒ’›”ƒ‹†•–›Ž‡Ǥ

• ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ‡™••–‘”‹‡•
• ”‹––‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ
• Š‡ –‡”‡–
• 

‡” Š‡”ǡ‡™•ǤȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍ‡’‘”–‹‰Ǥȋͻ–Š†ƒ†ǤȌǤ”‹–‹ƒ ”ƒ ‹• ‘ǣǦ ‹ŽŽ ”ƒ™Ǥ

‘‡‡ƒǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͲȌǤ ƒ†„‘‘ǣ — –‹‘  –‘ ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡Ǥ ‘— ‡ƒ”‡›ǡ ƒŽ‹• ǣ
‘””‹•
‹ Šǡ ”‹–‹‰Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͻȌ ƒ†Ǥ ‡’‘”–‹‰ǡ ȋ͵”†‡™•ǣ †ǤȌǤ ‡™ ‘”ǣ ƒ†•™‘”–Š
—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
–‘˜ƒŽŽǡ”‹–‹‰ Ǥ ǤȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍˆ‘”Ǥ–Š‡Ǥ‡™ƒ••‘”ǣ‡†‹‡†— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
›‘ǡǤƒ••ȋͳͻͺ͹Ȍ‡†‹ƒǤ‡••ƒ‰Ǥ‡•™‹‘”ǣƒ‹˜‹Ž‡–‹•Ǥ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͹ͷ ‘—”• 

Š‡‘†—Ž‡‹–”‘†— ‡•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘–Š‡™‘”•ƒ†ˆ— –‹‘‹‰‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘•–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ™‹ŽŽ ‰ƒ‹ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ •‹ŽŽ•ǡ ƒ† ‘’‡–‡ ‡• –‘ —•‡ –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹‘ ƒ†
’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽŽ›’”‘†— ‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡’”‘‰”ƒ‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡„‡‡ˆ‹–‘ˆ–Š‡’—„Ž‹ Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ’”‘†— ‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡”ƒ†‹‘’”‘‰”ƒ•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ „”‘ƒ† ƒ•–‡™•ƒ†‘–Š‡”‡˜‡–•‘˜‡”–Š‡”ƒ†‹‘Ǥ


—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͷ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ǣ • ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ ’”‘†— –‹‘ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡
”ƒ†‹‘’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ • ƒ†‹‘ ‘ ‡’–•‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘
• ’”‡•‡–•’”‘‰”ƒ‡• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ
‘˜‡””ƒ†‹‘Ǥ •‹ŽŽ• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡• • Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘‹ –Š”‘—‰Š†‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘
’Žƒ›‡†„›”ƒ†‹‘•‹ •‘ ‹‡–› –‘’”‡•‡–”ƒ†‹‘
‘—‹–‹‡•Ǥ • †˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡ ”ƒ†‹‘‘˜‡”‘–Š‡” • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘•‘˜‡”‘–Š‡” ‡†‹ƒ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡”‘Ž‡•
Šƒ‡Ž•‘ˆ • ƒ”‡‡” ƒ†ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ
‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• ”ƒ†‹‘•‹–Š‡•‘ ‹‡–‹‡•Ǥ
• ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡•–Š‡ ƒ”‡‡” • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• ƒ‡•‹–‡˜‹•‹–•–‘
’”‘˜‹†‡†„›”ƒ†‹‘ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–”ƒ†‹‘•–ƒ–‹‘•
’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ –‘‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•ŠŒ‘„
‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• ”‡ƒ–‡†Ǥ

••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ƒ””› ‘—– ƒ •—”˜‡› ‘ –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡• ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹‘• ‹ –Š‡‹”
‘—‹–‹‡•ƒ†ƒ‡’Ž‡ƒ”›’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

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• ƒ†‹‘
• –‡”‡– ‘‡ –‹‘•




—”ƒ–‹‘ǣʹͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘ • ‡ƒ†–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‹ƒ
• †‡ˆ‹‡•”ƒ†‹‘ ‡™• „”ƒ‹•–‘”‹‰•‡••‹‘‘–Š‡
‡™•Ǥ • ”‹‰‹‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘ ‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘‡™•ƒ†
• –”ƒ ‡•–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ „”‘ƒ† ƒ•–‹‰ –Š‡‘”‹‰‹‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘
‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘ • ‡™•„—ŽŽ‡–‹ „”‘ƒ† ƒ•–‹‰Ǥ
„”‘ƒ† ƒ•–‹‰Ǥ ‘˜‡”‹‰„ƒ•‹  • ˜‹–‡ƒ‡™•„”‘ƒ† ƒ•–‡”–‘
 ‡˜‡–• ‰—‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘Š‘™–‘
• ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡•‡™•  ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡‡™•„—ŽŽ‡–‹•‘
„—ŽŽ‡–‹•‘ • ‡™•‡†‹–‹‰ ‡˜‡–•Ǥ
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‡˜‡–•Ǥ • ‡™• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
• ‡†‹–•‡™•„‡ˆ‘”‡ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• †‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘•–‘ ƒ””›‘—–
’”‡•‡–‹‰Ǥ ȋ”‡Š‡ƒ”•ƒŽǡ˜‘‹ ‹‰ǡ ‡™•‡†‹–‹‰ƒ†˜‘‹ ‹‰Ǥ
• ’”‡•‡–•‡™•Ǥ –‹‹‰ƒ† • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›–Š‡
”‡ƒ†‹‰Ȍ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡™•‘˜‡”
”ƒ†‹‘Ǥ

ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›‡™•„”‘ƒ† ƒ•–‹‰Ǥ

• ƒ†‹‘
• ”‘ƒ† ƒ•–‹‰‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•
• ”‹–‹‰ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•
• ‡ ‘”†‡”•
• ƒ”’Š‘‡•
• ‹ ”‘’Š‘‡•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣʹͲ ‘—”•

Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ›’‡•‘ˆ•–—†‹‘• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡• • ›’‡•‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘ †‹• —••–Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ
‘ˆ•–—†‹‘•ƒ†”ƒ†‹‘ ˆ”‡“—‡ › •–—†‹‘•ƒ†”ƒ†‹‘
ˆ”‡“—‡ ‹‡•Ǥ • ‡”•‘‡Ž‹ƒ”ƒ†‹‘ ˆ”‡“—‡ ‹‡•
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ •–—†‹‘ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’‡”•‘‡Ž • —ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ”ƒ†‹‘ ‹†‡–‹ˆ›–Š”‘—‰Š
‹ƒ”ƒ†‹‘•–—†‹‘Ǥ ’”‡•‡–‡” „”ƒ‹•–‘”‹‰–Š‡
• †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•–Š‡ • –—†‹‘‡“—‹’‡–ǡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’‡”•‘‡Ž‹ƒ
“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ‰‘‘† ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•ƒ†–Š‡‹”—•‡ ”ƒ†‹‘•–—†‹‘Ǥ
”ƒ†‹‘’”‡•‡–‡”Ǥ ƒ† ƒ”‡ǣ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
• ‘’‡”ƒ–‡•–Š‡ - ‹ ”‘’Š‘‡• “—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ‰‘‘†”ƒ†‹‘
‡“—‹’‡–—•‡†‹ - ‹š‡”•ƒ† ’”‡•‡–‡”Ǥ
”ƒ†‹‘ ‘•‘Ž‡• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ - •’‡ƒ‡”• –Š”‘—‰Š†‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘
- ƒ’Ž‹ˆ‹‡”• ƒ†’”ƒ –‹ ‡‘Š‘™–‘
ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡“—‹’‡–
—•‡†‹”ƒ†‹‘•–—†‹‘•Ǥ


••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ› –Š‡ “—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ ƒ ”ƒ†‹‘
’”‡•‡–‡”Ǥ

• ƒ†‹‘
• ƒ†‹‘•–—†‹‘•‡–—’
• ƒ†‹‘•–ƒ–‹‘‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•–”— –—”‡•
• ”‹–‹‰ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•
• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‰ƒ†‰‡–•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣʹͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•„”ƒ‹•–‘”
• †‡ˆ‹‡•”ƒ†‹‘ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ –Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘
’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ǥ • ›’‡•‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡• ’”‘‰”ƒ‡• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘‘
‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘ • ƒ –‘”–‘ ‘•‹†‡”‹ –Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘
’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ ”ƒ†‹‘’”‘‰”ƒ‹‰ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡ • Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•†‹• —••‹
ˆƒ –‘”•‡ ‡••ƒ”› ”ƒ†‹‘’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ ‰”‘—’•–Š‡ˆƒ –‘”•–Šƒ–
ˆ‘””ƒ†‹‘ • ƒ†‹‘’”‘‰”ƒ‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡”ƒ†‹‘
’”‘‰”ƒ‹‰Ǥ • ”‹’–• ’”‘‰”ƒ‹‰Ǥ
• Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡”ƒ†‹‘ • ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡ Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘
’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ
• †‡˜‡Ž‘’•”ƒ†‹‘ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
’”‘‰”ƒ‹‰ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’
• ”‹’–•Ǥ ”ƒ†‹‘’”‘‰”ƒ‡• ”‹’–•Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’”ƒ†‹‘’”‘‰”ƒ‡• ”‹’–•‘ˆ–Š‡‹” Š‘‹ ‡Ǥ

• Šƒ”–‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘’”‘‰”ƒ•
• ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‘’”‘‰”ƒ• ”‹’–•

”‘‘•ǡ Ǥ ‡– ƒŽǤ ȋͳͻͻ͸ȌǤ ‡™• ‡’‘”–‹‰ ƒ† ”‹–‹‰Ǥ ‡™ ‘”ǡ –Ǥ Martin’s
”‡••Ǥ ‡™‹––ǡ ǤȋͳͻͻͷȌǤ”‹–‹‰ˆ‘””‘ƒ† ƒ•–‡™•ǡʹ†‡†Ǥ‘†‘ǡƒ›ˆ‹‡Ž†
—„Ž‹•Š‹‰‘’ƒ›Ǥ
‡ŽŽ‡”ǡ Ǥ Ƭ ƒ™‹•ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ ‡™• – ƒ†„‘‘ ˆ‘” ”‹–‹‰ǡ
‡’‘”–‹‰ǡŠ‘‘–‹‰ƒ††‹–‹‰Ǥ”‹œ‘ƒǡ ‘Ž ‘„ ƒ–Š™ƒ›—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
‡ Š‡”ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ‡™•‡’‘”–‹‰ƒ†”‹–‹‰ǡ͹–Š‡†Ǥ‡™‘”ǡ ”ƒ™ ‹ŽŽǤ
™‘†—ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ”ƒ –‹ ‡ǣ ‡™•ǡ ‡•–Š‡–‹ •ǡ –Š‹ • ƒ† ƒ™•Ǥ
—‰—ǡŠ› ‡‡”‡š—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
‰ƒ†‡ǡ Ǥ  ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ”‘ƒ† ƒ•– ”‘‰”ƒ‡ ”‹–‹‰ ƒ† ”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ ƒ—”†‹ǡ •ƒ
‘†”‹–‡”•Ǥ
Š‹–‡ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ ”‘ƒ† ƒ•– ‡™• ”‹–‹‰ǡ ‡’‘”–‹‰ ƒ† ”‘†— –‹‘ǡ ʹ† ‡†Ǥ
‘•–‘ǡ ‘ ƒŽ”‡••Ǥ


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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶͷ ‘—”•

Š‹• ‘†—Ž‡ ‡ƒ„Ž‡• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ‡–Š‹ • ‹
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ƒ† ”‡Žƒ–‡ ‹– –‘ –Š‡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡• „› Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–•Ǥ ‡ƒ”‡”• ™‹ŽŽ
ƒ “—‹”‡ –Š‡ ‘”ƒŽ• ƒ† „‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”• ‡‡†‡† –‘ ’‡”ˆ‘” Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ˆ— –‹‘•
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ƒ‘•ƒ† ‘†‡‘ˆ ‘†— –Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ƒ’’Ž›–Š‡ ‘†‡‘ˆ‡–Š‹ •‹

Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ‡–Š‹ • • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•‡–Š‹ •Ǥ • ”ƒ Š‡•‘ˆ‡–Š‹ • „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ • ‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•„‡–™‡‡ ‘ˆ‡–Š‹ •Ǥ
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–„”ƒ Š‡• Žƒ™ƒ†‡–Š‹ • • —‹†‡ƒ„”ƒ‹•–‘”‹‰
‘ˆ‡–Š‹ •Ǥ • ’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ‡–Š‹ • •‡••‹‘‘–Š‡
• †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡• ‹Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•„‡–™‡‡
„‡–™‡‡Žƒ™ƒ† ‡–Š‹ •ƒ†Žƒ™Ǥ
‡–Š‹ •Ǥ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•†‹• —••
• ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡•–Š‡ ‹‰”‘—’•–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡
‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ ‘ˆ‡–Š‹ •‹Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ
‡–Š‹ •–‘ƒ
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘”‡•‡ƒ” Š–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Žƒ™•ƒ†‡–Š‹ •‹Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ‡

ƒ”‡’‘”–Ǥ

• Šƒ”–‘ˆ‡–Š‹ •„”ƒ Š‡•

• ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ‘†‡‘ˆ‡–Š‹ •

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • –Š‹ ƒŽŽ‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’ • ˜‹–‡ƒŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•––‘
• ‡š‡” ‹•‡•‡–Š‹ ƒŽ • –Š‹ ƒŽ†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–‘–Š‡
Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’Ǥ ƒ‹‰ Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š‡‡–Š‹ ƒŽ
• ƒ‡•‡–Š‹ ƒŽ • –Š‹ ƒŽ ‘ˆŽ‹ –• Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’•–›Ž‡•ƒ†
†‡ ‹•‹‘•Ǥ ƒ††‹Ž‡ƒ• †‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰‹
• •‡–•‡ƒ•—”‡•–‘ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ
‘–”‘Ž‡–Š‹ ƒŽ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
‘ˆŽ‹ –•ƒ† ‘Š‘™–‘”‡•‘Ž˜‡‡–Š‹ ƒŽ
†‹Ž‡ƒ•Ǥ ‘ˆŽ‹ –•ƒ††‹Ž‡ƒ•‹
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ

‹Ȍ ƒ• Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ –Š”‘—‰Š ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ› –Š‡ ‡–Š‹ ƒŽ Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’ •–›Ž‡•
ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‹Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ••‹‰Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••–Š‡‡–Š‹ ƒŽ ‘ˆŽ‹ –•ƒ††‹Ž‡ƒ•‹Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†
•—‰‰‡•–‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘‡ƒ•—”‡•Ǥ

• ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ‘†‡‘ˆ‡–Š‹ •
• šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ ‘ˆŽ‹ –‹‰‹••—‡•
• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•‘ ‘ˆŽ‹ –ƒƒ‰‡‡–

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • –‡‰”‹–› • ‡ƒ† ƒ ‰—‹†‡†
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡• –Š‡ • ”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ †‹• —••‹‘ ‘ –Š‡
”‡“—‹”‡† ‘†‡ ‘ˆ ‘’‡–‡ › ‡–Š‹ ƒŽ ‘†— –
‘†— – ˆ‘” • ’–‹— —•‡ ‘ˆ ”‡“—‹”‡†‘ˆƒŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–Ǥ
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–•Ǥ ”‡•‘—” ‡• • —‹†‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘
• ‘„•‡”˜‡• –Š‡ ‡–Š‹ ƒŽ • ‘’Ž‹ƒ ‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ –Š‡
‘†‡ ‘ˆ ‘†— – Žƒ™ ‡–Š‹ ƒŽ ‘†‡ ‘ˆ ‘†— –
™Š‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰ • —ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ™‘” ˆ‘”Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–•Ǥ
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• • ‘’Ž‹ƒ ‡ ™‹–Š 
ˆ— –‹‘•Ǥ ‹†—•–”›•–ƒ†ƒ”†•
• ƒ‹” ‘’‡–‹–‹‘

ƒ•Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›–Š‡‡–Š‹ ƒŽ ‘†‡‘ˆ ‘†— –”‡“—‹”‡†‘ˆƒŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–Ǥ

• ‘—”ƒŽ‹•’”ƒ –‹ ‡•ƒ—ƒŽ
• ‘—”ƒŽ‹•’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ—‡–Š‹ ƒŽ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• †‡ˆ‹‡•—‡–Š‹ ƒŽ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘—” „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰
„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”Ǥ • ›’‡•‘ˆ—‡–Š‹ ƒŽ ‘ˆ—‡–Š‹ ƒŽ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•—‡–Š‹ ƒŽ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”‹ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
‹••—‡•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ǣ –Š”‘—‰Š†‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ - †‡ ‡‹– ‘–Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ—‡–Š‹ ƒŽ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ - ‘ˆŽ‹ –‘ˆ‹–‡”‡•– „‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”•ƒ†Š‘™
‘•‡“—‡ ‡•‘ˆ - „”‹„‡”›ƒ† –Š‡› ƒ„‡‹–‹‰ƒ–‡†Ǥ
—‡–Š‹ ƒŽ ‘””—’–‹‘ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”‹ - ‹˜ƒ•‹‘‘ˆ’”‹˜ƒ › †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–‘–Š‡ - ’Žƒ‰‹ƒ”‹• ‘•‡“—‡ ‡•‘ˆ
’—„Ž‹ Ǥ - ™‹–ŠŠ‘Ž†‹‰ —‡–Š‹ ƒŽ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”‹
• •‡–•‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–‘–Š‡’—„Ž‹ Ǥ

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

strategies
‡ƒ•—”‡•–‘ - ™”‹–‹‰„‹ƒ•‡†
‘–”‘Ž—‡–Š‹ ƒŽ •–‘”‹‡•
„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”•‹ - ‡š’‘•‹‰‹‘”•
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ ƒ†˜‹ –‹•
- ’‘”‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ 
‘–‡–
- •‡•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
Š‡ƒ†Ž‹‡•
• ‘•‡“—‡ ‡•‘ˆ
—‡–Š‹ ƒŽ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”
• ‘–”‘ŽŽ‹‰—‡–Š‹ ƒŽ
„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”

‹Ȍ ••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ —‡–Š‹ ƒŽ ‘†— – ‹
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‹˜‡ ƒ•‡• ‘ˆ —‡–Š‹ ƒŽ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘—” ‹ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ƒ† –ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘
ƒ†˜‹•‡–Š‡’ƒ”–‹‡•‹˜‘Ž˜‡†Ǥ

• ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ‘†‡•‘ˆ‡–Š‹ •
• Šƒ”–‘ˆ—‡–Š‹ ƒŽ†‡ƒŽ‹‰•
• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•–‘Šƒ†Ž‡—‡–Š‹ ƒŽ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‘ ‹ƒŽ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–› ‹†‡–‹ˆ›ƒ††‹• —••–Š‡
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ‘• • ”‡‡†‘‘ˆ’”‡•• ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ‘•Ǥ
‘ˆŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ • †‡’‡†‡ ‡ • •‡ ƒ•‡•–—†‹‡•–‘
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ • ‹ ‡”‹–›ǡ–”—–Š ƒƒŽ›•‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ƒ•‡•
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ‘• ˆ—ŽŽ‡•• ”‡Žƒ–‹‰–Š‡‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‹”‡˜‡”‡ ‡–‘ •  —”ƒ › ƒ‘•Ǥ
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹ • ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽ‹–›
‰ƒ†ƒǤ • ƒ‹”’Žƒ›
• ‡ ‡ ›

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••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘”‡•‡ƒ” Š‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ‘•‘ˆŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ† •Š‘™Š‘™

–Š‡›ƒ”‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‹‰ƒ†ƒǤ

• Š‡ –‡”‡–
• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•‘–Š‡‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ‘•‘ˆŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•


allahan, S. (2003). “New chƒŽŽ‡‰‡• ‹n globalization for journalism” ‘—”ƒŽ ‘ˆ

ƒ••‡†‹ƒ–Š‹ •ǡͳͺǡͳ͵Ǧͳͷ
™‘†—ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•”ƒ –‹ ‡ǣ‡™•ǡ‡•–Š‡–‹ •ǡ–Š‹ •ƒ†ƒ™
—ƒǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͷȌǤ –Š‹ • ‘ˆ ƒ•• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡ —‰—ǣ ‡™ ‡‡”ƒ–‹‘
‘‘•ǡ’ǤͻǤ
ƒ•“—ƒǡǤǤǡ ǤǤ— ƒŽ‡™ǡǤǤƒ›ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡƒ† ǤǤƒƒ”†ȋͳͻͻͲȌǤƒ••‡†‹ƒ‹
–Š‡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‰‡ǣInstructor’s EditionǤ‡™ ‡”•‡›ǡ”‡–‹ ‡ ƒŽŽǡʹ͸ʹǤ






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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸Ͳ ‘—”•

Š‡ ‘†—Ž‡ ‹–”‘†— ‡• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ‘ ‡’–• ƒ† †›ƒ‹ • ‹ ‡†‹ƒǤ –
‹˜‘Ž˜‡• ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘• ™‹–Š ‘–Š‡” ’‡‘’Ž‡ǡ ”‡ƒ–‹‘ǡ •Šƒ”‹‰ǡ ƒ† ‡š Šƒ‰‹‰
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹†‡ƒ•ǤŠ‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” •ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’•‹ŽŽ•–‘ ‘‡ –™‹–Š
–Š‡ƒ—†‹‡ ‡ƒ†„—‹Ž†”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•ˆ‘”‘’‡ǡŠ‘‡•–ƒ†ƒ—–Š‡–‹ †‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡•Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ Ž‹•–‡–‘™Šƒ–’‡‘’Ž‡•ƒ›ƒ†”‡•’‘†–Š‡’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽŽ›Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ƒƒŽ›•‡ –Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• •‘ ‹ƒŽ ’”‘„Ž‡• ƒ† Šƒ‰‡•ǡ ‹–‡”’”‡– –Š‡ –‘ –Š‡
’—„Ž‹ Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategy
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡••‘ ‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡Ǥ • ‘ ‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ ‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•–‘‡†‹ƒ ‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡Ǥ
‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
Ž‹ˆ‡–‘‡†‹ƒ • ‘ ‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ƒ†–Š‡ †‹• —••‹‘‘
’”ƒ –‹ ‡•Ǥ •‘ ‹‡–› ‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ • ›’‡•‘ˆ•‘ ‹‡–› Ž‹ˆ‡–‘–Š‡‡†‹ƒ
•‘ ‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡–‘–Š‡ • ‘ ‹‡–‹‡•ƒ†‡†‹ƒ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡•Ǥ
•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘• • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ †‹• —••–Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ
•‘ ‹‡–› ‹–‹‰‡†‹ƒ •‘ ‹‡–‹‡•ƒ†Š‘™–Š‡›
‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‡†‹ƒ
‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

‹˜‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• Š‘‡™‘” –‘ †‹• —•• –Š‡ –›’‡• ‘ˆ •‘ ‹‡–‹‡• ƒ† Š‘™ –Š‡›
‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡–Š‡‡†‹ƒ’”ƒ –‹ ‡•Ǥ

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• Žƒ–ˆ‘”ˆ‘” ƒ•—ƒŽ†‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡
• ‘ ‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•
• –‡”‡– ‘‡ –‹‘•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
• †‡ˆ‹‡••‘ ‹ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
Šƒ‰‡Ǥ • ‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ †‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ƒ†
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ •‘ ‹ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡ †‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ
†‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ • ‡‡ˆ‹–•‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡Ǥ
•‘ ‹ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡Ǥ Šƒ‰‡ • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ†
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • Š‘”– ‘‹‰•‘ˆ –ƒ•–Š‡–‘†‹• —••–Š‡
„‡‡ˆ‹–•‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ •‘ ‹ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡Ǥ †‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ
Šƒ‰‡Ǥ • Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ Šƒ‰‡•ƒ†‹–•„‡‡ˆ‹–•
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–‘™ƒ”†• –‘•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ
•Š‘”–ˆƒŽŽ• ƒ—•‡†„› •‘ ‹ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
•‘ ‹ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡Ǥ  „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ •Š‘”–ˆƒŽŽ•‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–‘™ƒ”†• Šƒ‰‡–‘–Š‡
•‘ ‹ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡Ǥ ‘—‹–‹‡•Ǥ
• ˜‹–‡ƒŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•––‘
‰—‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘
–Š‡”‘Ž‡•‘ˆŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•
–‘™ƒ”†••‘ ‹ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡Ǥ

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ–‘™ƒ”†••‘ ‹ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡Ǥ

• ‡†‹ƒ‡“—‹’‡–
• Š‡‹–‡”‡–
• 

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ •  —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡• —Ž–—”‡Ǥ —Ž–—”‡ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡• • ‘’‘‡–•‘ˆ —Ž–—”‡Ǥ
‘’‘‡–•‘ˆ —Ž–—”‡ •  ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡ ‘’‘‡–•
—Ž–—”‡Ǥ • ‘Ž‡•‘ˆ —Ž–—”‡ ‘ˆ —Ž–—”‡Ǥ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ • ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•‘ˆ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– —Ž–—”ƒŽ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ —Ž–—”‡ ‘–Š‡”‘Ž‡•’Žƒ›‡†„›
•‡––‹‰•ƒ†–Š‡‹” • ‘Ž‡‘ˆŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹• —Ž–—”‡‹–Š‡‰ƒ†ƒ
”‘Ž‡•‹–Š‡ ‹’”‘‘–‹‰ ‘—‹–‹‡•Ǥ
‘—‹–‹‡•Ǥ —Ž–—”‡ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‡šƒ‹‡•–Š‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ›–Š‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•
ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ˆƒ ‡†„› ˆƒ ‡†„›–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ
—Ž–—”ƒŽ‰”‘—’•‹ —Ž–—”‡•ƒ†ƒ‡ Žƒ••
•‘ ‹‡–‹‡•Ǥ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ • ˜‹–‡ƒŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•––‘
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–‘–Š‡
’”‘‘–‹‰ —Ž–—”‡Ǥ Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š‡”‘Ž‡’Žƒ›‡†„›
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–•–‘’”‘‘–‡
—Ž–—”‡Ǥ

‹Ȍ ‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••–‘†‹• —••–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ —Ž–—”‡‹–Š‡•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ

‹‹Ȍ ”‘—’ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ† –ƒ• –Š‡ –‘ ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ› –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡• ‘ˆ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ‹
’”‘‘–‹‰ —Ž–—”‡Ǥ

• ‹ˆˆ‡”‡– —Ž–—”ƒŽ‘”•
• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•–‘’”‘‘–‹‘‘ˆ —Ž–—”‡Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•ˆƒ‹Ž›Ǥ ˆƒ‹Ž› ‘–Š‡†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ƒ†
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ • ›’‡•‘ˆˆƒ‹Ž‹‡• –›’‡•‘ˆˆƒ‹Ž‹‡•Ǥ

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
ˆƒ‹Ž‹‡•‹•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ • ‘Ž‡‘ˆˆƒ‹Ž›–‘ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡ –Š‡•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡”‘Ž‡•
ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ˆƒ ‡†„› • ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•‘ˆ ’Žƒ›‡†„›ˆƒ‹Ž‹‡•‹
ˆƒ‹Ž›‹•–‹–—–‹‘•Ǥ ˆƒ‹Ž› •‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•Ǥ • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ†
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹ • ‘Ž‡‘ˆ –ƒ•–Š‡–‘†‹• —••–Š‡
’”‘‘–‹‰ˆƒ‹Ž› Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ˆƒ ‡†„›ˆƒ‹Ž›
™‡Žˆƒ”‡•Ǥ ’”‘‘–‹‰ˆƒ‹Ž› ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•Ǥ
™‡Žˆƒ”‡ • ‹• —••™‹–Š–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
–Š‡”‘Ž‡•‘ˆŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹
’”‘‘–‹‰ˆƒ‹Ž›™‡Žˆƒ”‡Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘‡™‘”–‘”‡•‡ƒ” Šƒ†‰‹˜‡‡šƒ’Ž‡•‘–Š‡”‘Ž‡•’Žƒ›‡†„›
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹’”‘‘–‹‰–Š‡™‡Žˆƒ”‡‘ˆˆƒ‹Ž‹‡•Ǥ

• šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‘ˆƒ‹Ž›‹••—‡•
• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•–‘Šƒ†Ž‹‰ˆƒ‹Ž›ƒˆˆƒ‹”•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• †‡ˆ‹‡•ƒ•‘ ‹ƒŽ •‘ ‹ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰
’”‘„Ž‡Ǥ • ›’‡•‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ ‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ ‘‘ ’”‘„Ž‡• • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
•‘ ‹ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡•ˆƒ ‡†„› • ‘Ž—–‹‘•–‘ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ •‘ ‹ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡• •‘ ‹ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡ˆƒ ‡†„›
• ’”‘˜‹†‡••‘Ž—–‹‘•–‘ • ‘Ž‡‘ˆ ’‡‘’Ž‡‹ ‘—‹–‹‡•
•‘ ‹ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹ ƒ†•—‰‰‡•–•‘Ž—–‹‘•–‘
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ ‘˜‡” ‘‹‰ —”„–Š‡Ǥ
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹ •‘ ‹ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
‘˜‡” ‘‹‰•‘ ‹ƒŽ ‘–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•
’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥ ‹‘˜‡” ‘‹‰•‘ ‹ƒŽ
’”‘„Ž‡•‹•‘ ‹‡–‹‡•Ǥ

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••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ˜‹•‹– –Š‡‹” ‘—‹–‹‡• ƒ† ”‡•‡ƒ” Š •‘ ‹ƒŽ ’”‘„Ž‡•
‡ ‘—–‡”‡†ƒ†™”‹–‡”‡’‘”–•ˆ‘”’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‹ Žƒ••Ǥ

• šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‘•‘ ‹ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡•

• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•–‘Šƒ†Ž‹‰•‘ ‹ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• †‡ˆ‹‡••–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ •–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • ‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ †‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ
†‡–‡”‹ƒ–•‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ •–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ • –”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ †‹• —••–Š‡
•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ • ‡‡ˆ‹–•‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ †‡–‡”‹ƒ–•ƒ†
’”‘ ‡†—”‡Ǥ •–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ „‡‡ˆ‹–•‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡„‡‡ˆ‹–• • ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•‘ˆ •–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ •–”ƒ–‹ˆ›‹‰ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•–Š‡
•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘—‹–‹‡• ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†‹
• ‹–‹‰ƒ–‡•–Š‡ • ‘Ž‡‘ˆŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹ •‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• Šƒ”‘‹œ‹‰•‘ ‹ƒŽ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
‡ ‘—–‡”‡†‹•‘ ‹ƒŽ •–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘• †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡”‘Ž‡
•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ  ‘ˆŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ Šƒ”‘‹œ‹‰•‘ ‹ƒŽ
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹ •–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
Šƒ”‘‹œ‹‰•‘ ‹ƒŽ
•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ‘—‹–‹‡• –‘ ƒƒŽ›•‡ –Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ
•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ƒ†ƒ‡™”‹–‡Ǧ—’•Ǥ

• Š‡ –‡”‡–
• ‡†‹ƒ‡“—‹’‡–
• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•‘•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘

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ƒ”‡›ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ‘”‡™‘”†Ǥ  Ǥ ƒ”†–ȋ†ǤȌǡSocial theories of the pressȋ’’Ǥ‹š–

š‹˜ȌǤƒŠƒǡǣ‘™ƒƬ‹––Ž‡ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ
Conti, J. A., & O’Neil, M. (2007). Studying power: Qualitative methods and the global
‡Ž‹–‡ǤQualitativeResearchǡ 7ǡ͸͵–ͺʹǤ
‘––Ž‡ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ‡†‹ƒ–‹œ‡†‘ˆŽ‹ –Ǥƒ‹†‡Š‡ƒ†ǡǣ’‡‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ
—•Š‹‘ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͺȌǤ ”—Ž› –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǫ  ‘–‡– ƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ǣ
Š‡‘”›ǡ ”ƒ –‹ ‡ ƒ† ”‹–‹ ‹• ƒ† ‘—”ƒŽ‹• –—†‹‡•Ǥ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ”ƒ –‹ ‡ǡ
2ȋʹȌʹͺͲ–ʹͻ͵Ǥ
”ƒŽ‹ǡǤȋ†ȌǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤLocal journalism and local media: Making the local news.
‘†‘ǣ‘—–Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ ”ƒŽ‹ǡǤǡ ƒ‡”ǡǤǡ ƒƒǡǤǡ‹•‡›ǡǤǡƬ‹ Šƒ”†•‘ǡ Ǥ
ǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤKey concepts in journalism
StudiesǤ‘†‘ǣƒ‰‡Ǥ
ƒ„‡”ƒ•ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ‡†‹ƒ •‘ ‹‡–›ǣ ‘‡• †‡‘ ”ƒ ›
•–‹ŽŽ ‡Œ‘› ƒ ‡’‹•–‡‹  †‹‡•‹‘ǫ Š‡ ‹’ƒ – ‘ˆ ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ –Š‡‘”› ‘ ‡’‹”‹ ƒŽ
”‡•‡ƒ” ŠǤCommunication Theoryǡ16ȋͶȌǡͶͳͳ–Ͷʹ͸Ǥ
Ǥ ƒ”†–ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ‘ ‹ƒŽ Š‡‘”‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡••ǡ ʹ† ‡†Ǥ ƒŠƒǡ ‘™ƒ Ƭ
‹––Ž‡ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ
ƒ””‹‡•ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ƒŠŽǦ ‘”‰‡•‡ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ Š‡ —Ž–—”‡ ‘ˆ ”–• ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–•ǣ Ž‹–‹•–•ǡ
ƒ˜‹‘”•‘”ƒ‹ ‡’”‡•Ǧ•‹˜‡•ǫJournalismǡ8ȋ͸Ȍǡ͸ͳͻ–͸͵ͻǤ
ƒ””‹•‘ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͲȌǤ ‡””‡•–”‹ƒŽ  ‡™• ‹ ”‹–ƒ‹ǣ Š‡ —Ž–—”‡ ‘ˆ ”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ
ƒ Š‡•–‡”ǡƒ Š‡•–‡”‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ
Ǥڈˆ‡ŽŠ‘Žœǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͺȌǤ ‡–‡‘”‰‡‘—• — “—Ž–‹†‹‡•‹‘ƒŽ — ‘’‡–‹‰ǣ
Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽ ’’”‘ƒ Š‡• –‘ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• — ƒ ˜‡”˜‹‡™”Ǥ  Ǥ ڈˆ‡ŽŠ‘Žœ Ƭ Ǥ
‡ƒ˜‡”ȋ†•ǤȌǡGlobal Journalism Research: Theories,Methods, Findings, Future
ȋ’’Ǥͳͷ–ʹ͹ȌǤ‡™‘”ǡŽƒ ™‡ŽŽǤ
 ‘„•ǡǤƬŠƒ™ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲͲȌǤŠ‡‰‡†ƒǦ‡––‹‰ — –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‡†‹ƒǤ
Public OpinionQuarterlyǡ 36ȋʹȌǡͳ͹͸–ͳͺ͹Ǥ
ƒǡ Ǥǡ Šƒǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ƭ ‘ǡ ǤǦŠǤ ȋʹͲͲͺȌǤ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ‡•‡ƒ” Š ‹ ”‡ƒ–‡” Š‹ƒǣ –•
‘—‹–‹‡•ǡ ’’”‘ƒ Š‡• ƒ† Š‡‡•Ǥ  Ǥ ڈˆ‡ŽŠ‘Žœ Ƭ Ǥ ‡ƒ˜‡” ȋ†•ǤȌǡ
Ž‘„ƒŽŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•”‡•‡ƒ” ŠǣŠ‡‘”‹‡•ǡ‡–Š‘†•ǡˆ‹†‹‰•ǡˆ—–—”‡ȋ’’Ǥͳͻ͹–ʹͳͲȌǤ
‡™‘”ǣŽƒ ™‡ŽŽǤ
‡‡•‡ǡǤǤǡƬƒŽŽ‹‰‡”ǡ ǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤŠ‡‘‘–•‘ˆƒ‘ ‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ‡™•ǣ‡‡„‡”‹‰
”Ǥ ƒ–‡• ƒ† ‘ ‹ƒŽ ‘–”‘Ž ‹ –Š‡ ‡™•”‘‘Ǥ Journalism & Mass
Communication Quarterlyǡ78ȋͶȌǡ͸Ͷͳ–͸ͷͺǤ


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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹͲ ‘—”•

Š‡‘†—Ž‡‹–”‘†— ‡•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘”‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡™‘”™Š‹ Š’”‘‘–‡• ”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–›ƒ†

†‡˜‡Ž‘’•Š‡”ȀŠ‹• ”‹–‹ ƒŽ–Š‹‹‰ǡ’Žƒ‹‰ǡƒ†Ž‹ˆ‡Ž‘‰‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘•‹ŽŽ•Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›ƒ’”‘Œ‡ –ǡ’Žƒˆ‘”
–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡†”‡•‘—” ‡•ƒ†•–ƒ”–—’ƒ”‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡’”‘Œ‡ –”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ƒ•‹„‹Ž‹–›•–—†› • •–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘ ƒ””›
• ƒ””‹‡•‘—–ƒ • †‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”‡ƒŽǦ ‘—–ˆ‡ƒ•‹„‹Ž‹–›•–—†‹‡•ƒ†
ˆ‡ƒ•‹„‹Ž‹–›•–—†›Ǥ Ž‹ˆ‡’”‘Œ‡ – ‹†‡–‹ˆ›’”‘„Ž‡•™‹–Š‹
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•ƒ’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• –Š‡‹” ‘—‹–‹‡•™Š‹ Š
• ’Žƒ•ˆ‘”–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ – • Žƒ‹‰ –Š‡› ƒ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‹–‘
”‡“—‹”‡‡–•Ǥ • —†‰‡–‹‰ ”‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡’”‘Œ‡ –
• †”ƒ™•–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ – • ‘„‹Ž‹•ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•Ǥ
„—†‰‡–Ǥ •‘—” ‡• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ‘„‹Ž‹•‡•’”‘Œ‡ – –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘ƒ‡
”‡•‘—” ‡•Ǥ ’Žƒ•ˆ‘”–Š‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†
’”‘Œ‡ –•Ǥ
• —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
ƒ‡„—†‰‡–•ˆ‘”–Š‡
‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†’”‘Œ‡ –•ƒ†
‘„‹Ž‹•‡”‡•‘—” ‡•Ǥ
Sample Projects
• ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰
• ‡’‘”–™”‹–‹‰
• ‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡•
• ‡ƒŽ‹‰‹‡™•’ƒ’‡”•
• ‘—”ƒŽƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
• ”‡‡’—„Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ†’”‘‘–‹‘ƒŽƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ȋƒ†˜‡”–•ǡ„”‘ Š—”‡•ǡˆŽ›‡”•Ȍ

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ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‡•‹‰’Žƒ•ƒ†„—†‰‡–‡•–‹ƒ–‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡‹””‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡’”‘Œ‡ –•Ǥ

ƒ”‘Ž†ǡǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ”‘Œ‡ –ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǣ”ƒ –‹ ƒŽŽƒ‹‰ƒ† ’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘

—‹†‡Ǥƒ‹”‘„‹ǡ—„Ž‹•Š‡”Ƭ‹•–”‹„—–‘”•Ǥ
ƒ•‘ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ Š‡ ”‘Œ‡ – ƒƒ‰‡‡– ‹ˆ‡ › Ž‡ǣ  ‘’Ž‡–‡ –‡’ „› –‡’
‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰› ˆ‘” ‹–‹ƒ–‹‰ǡ Žƒ‹‰ǡ š‡ —–‹‰ ƒ† Ž‘•‹‰ ƒ ”‘Œ‡ –
— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›Ǥ‡™‘”ǡ ”ƒ™ ‹ŽŽ—„Ž‹•Š‹‰‘’ƒ›–†Ǥ
‡”œ‡” Ǥ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ”‘Œ‡ – ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǣ  ›•–‡ ’’”‘ƒ Š –‘ Žƒ‹‰ǡ
 Š‡†—Ž‹‰Ƭ‘–”‘ŽŽ‹‰Ǣʹ††‹–‹‘ǤƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǡ—„Ž‹•Š‹‰‘’ƒ›Ǥ
‡™‹•ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǤ ”‘Œ‡ – Žƒ‹‰  Š‡†—Ž‡ ƒ† ‘–”‘Žǣ  ƒ†•Ǧ‘ —‹†‡ –‘
”‹‰‹‰”‘Œ‡ –•‹‘‹‡ƒ†‘—†‰‡–Ǥ‡™‡ŽŠ‹ǡ‡™‰‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
ȋȌŽ‹‹–‡†ǡ—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ

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Š‹•‘†—Ž‡‡“—‹’•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”™‹–Š•‹ŽŽ•–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’ǡ’”‡•‡–ƒ† ‘—‹ ƒ–‡‹

ƒ ‘”‡ ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ–‡ ™ƒ› ‹ ’—„Ž‹ Ǥ Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ™‹ŽŽ ‰ƒ‹ ‘ˆ‹†‡ ‡ –‘ ‘˜‡›
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘–‘ƒŽƒ”‰‡ƒ—†‹‡ ‡‹ƒ Ž‡ƒ”ƒ†ƒ—†‹„Ž‡ƒ‡”Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ƒ††”‡••ƒŽƒ”‰‡‰”‘—’‘ˆ’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ–ƒ•‹‰Ž‡–‹‡Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‡š’”‡••–Š‡‹”‹†‡ƒ•ƒ†‘’‹‹‘•‹ƒ‘’‡†‹• —••‹‘Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͷ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ’—„Ž‹  • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•’—„Ž‹  •’‡ƒ‹‰ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘
•’‡ƒ‹‰Ǥ • ’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ’—„Ž‹  ‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ •’‡ƒ‹‰Ǥ
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ •’‡ƒ‹‰‹Ǥ‡Ǥ–‘ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‹ƒ
‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ǡ‡–‡”–ƒ‹ǡ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
’—„Ž‹ •’‡ƒ‹‰Ǥ ’‡”•—ƒ†‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ 
• †‡˜‡Ž‘’•–Š‡‘†‡ •’‡ƒ‹‰Ǥ
‘ˆƒ††”‡••‹‰ƒ • ‘†‡•‘ˆ’—„Ž‹  • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰Ǥ •’‡ƒ‹‰ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡’—„Ž‹ 
•’‡ƒ‹‰Ǥ

ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ’”‡’ƒ”‡ ƒ† ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ› ‰‹˜‹‰ ƒ •’‡‡ Š –‘ ƒ Žƒ”‰‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ
’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ

• ƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ•’‡‡ Š‡•
• Žƒ–ˆ‘”ˆ‘”’—„Ž‹ •’‡ƒ‹‰
• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•ˆ‘”’—„Ž‹ •’‡ƒ‹‰
• —„Ž‹ •’‡‡ Šƒ—ƒŽ•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͶ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and
Learning Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • –”‘†— –‹‘ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡–‘’‹  • ›’‡•ǣ –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡
–‘„‡•’‘‡ - “—‘–ƒ–‹‘ –‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’ƒ’—„Ž‹ 
ƒ„‘—–Ǥ - ”Š‡–‘”‹  •’‡‡ Šǡˆ‘ —•‹‰
• ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡•–Š‡ • ‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•–‘Š‹•–‘”› ‘–Š‡
ƒ—†‹‡ ‡–‘„‡ - Š—‘—” ‹–”‘†— –‹‘ǡ„‘†›ǡ
ƒ††”‡••‡†ƒ†–Š‡ - ‹ ‹†‡–• ƒ† ‘ Ž—•‹‘Ǥ
–‘’‹ ‘ˆ†‹• —••‹‘Ǥ • —”’”‹•‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–• • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
 • ‘†›‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡‡ Š ƒ‡ Žƒ••
• †‡˜‡Ž‘’•ƒ•’‡‡ Š • ›’‡•ǣ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ
™‹–Š–Š‡‡ ‡••ƒ”› - Š”‘‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ‘”†‡” –Š‡‹”•’‡‡ Š‡•–‘
’ƒ”–•‘ˆ - ’”‹‘”‹–›‘”†‡” „‡ ”‹–‹“—‡†„›–Š‡
‹–”‘†— –‹‘ǡ„‘†›ǡ • ‘’ƒ”‡ƒ† ‘–”ƒ•– Žƒ••Ǥ
ƒ† ‘ Ž—•‹‘Ǥ • ”‘„Ž‡Ǧ•‘Ž˜‹‰
 • ‘ Ž—•‹‘
 • —ƒ”›‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹
’‘‹–•
• ‡•–ƒ–‹‰–Š‡‘’‡‹‰
•–ƒ–‡‡–

i) ••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š‡–ƒ•–‘’”‡’ƒ”‡ƒ•’‡‡ Šˆ‘”’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ”‘˜‹†‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ™‹–Š • ‡ƒ”‹‘ ƒ† –ƒ• –Š‡ –‘ —•‡ ‹– –‘ ’”‡’ƒ”‡ ƒ
’—„Ž‹ •’‡‡ ŠǤ

• ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ™”‹––‡•’‡‡ Š‡•
• ƒ—ƒŽ•‘™”‹–‹‰’—„Ž‹ •’‡‡ Š‡•
• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•
• ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡•

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Competence Content Teaching and Learning
Strategy
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡” • ‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • —”’‘•‡ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
ˆƒ –‘”•–‘„‡ • —†‹‡ ‡ ˆƒ –‘”•–Šƒ––‘„‡
‘•‹†‡”‡† • ‡–Š‘† ‘•‹†‡”‡†™Š‡
™Š‡ • ‘–‡– ’Žƒ‹‰ƒ’—„Ž‹ 
’”‡’ƒ”‹‰ • ‹•—ƒŽƒ‹† •’‡‡ ŠǤ
’—„Ž‹  • ƒ••‹‘ 
•’‡‡ Š‡•Ǥ • ”‡•• ‘†‡
 • ”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘–‘‘Ž•

ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‹• —•• –Š‡ ˆƒ –‘”• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† ™Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ ƒ
’—„Ž‹ •’‡‡ ŠǤ

• ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ™”‹––‡•’‡‡ Š‡•
• ƒ—ƒŽ•‘™”‹–‹‰’—„Ž‹ •’‡‡ Š‡•
• ‹ ”‘’Š‘‡
• ‘’—–‡”ƒ†’”‘Œ‡ –‘”ȋ‹ˆƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡Ȍ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ˜‘‹ ‡ƒ† • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•˜‘‹ ‡ „‘†›Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘
ƒ†„‘†› • ›’‡•‘ˆ„‘†› ƒ†‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ˜‘‹ ‡
Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ǣ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ƒ† ƒ†„‘†›Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–›’‡• ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ’—„Ž‹ •’‡ƒ‹‰Ǥ
‘ˆ„‘†› • ’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ˜‘‹ ‡ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ†„‘†›Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹ ‘–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ„‘†›
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ ’—„Ž‹ •’‡ƒ‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹’—„Ž‹ 
‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ • ‘‹ ‡’‹– Š •’‡ƒ‹‰Ǥ
˜‘‹ ‡ƒ†„‘†› • ‘•–—”‡ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ
Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹ • ‡•–—”‡• ˜‘‹ ‡ƒ†„‘†›Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
’—„Ž‹ •’‡ƒ‹‰Ǥ • ƒ ‹ƒŽ‡š’”‡••‹‘ –‘‡Šƒ ‡Ž‹•–‡‹‰ƒ†
• ƒ‡•—•‡‘ˆ • ’‡‡† ’—„Ž‹ •’‡ƒ‹‰Ǥ
„‘†›Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ • ‘˜‡‡– • •‡ƒ˜‹†‡‘Ȁˆ‹Ž–‘‰—‹†‡
†—”‹‰’—„Ž‹  • ”‡ƒ–Š‹‰ –Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡
•’‡ƒ‹‰Ǥ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
ˆ‘”•‘ˆ„‘†›Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘ƒ‡’Ž‡ƒ”›’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•‘–Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ†
„‘†›Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹’—„Ž‹ •’‡ƒ‹‰Ǥ

‹†‡‘‘’—„Ž‹ •’‡‡ Š‡•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͶ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡” • ‡”•—ƒ•‹˜‡ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡• • ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ‘”• • –‡”–ƒ‹‹‰ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡––›’‡•‘ˆ
‘ˆ•’‡‡ Š‡•–‘ • ’”‘’–— •’‡‡ ŠǤ
‘˜‡›–Š‡ •  ƒ•‹‘ƒŽȀˆ— –‹‘ƒŽȀ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
”‡“—‹”‡† • —Ž‘‰› ƒ†–ƒ•–Š‡–‘
‡••ƒ‰‡Ǥ ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›–Š‡
 †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡‡ Š‡•Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••–‘’”‡’ƒ”‡ƒ†’”‡•‡–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡‡ Š‡•.

• ‹†‡‘•Š‘™‘’—„Ž‹ •’‡‡ Š‡•

• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•‘–›’‡•‘ˆ•’‡‡ Š‡•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳ͸ ‘—”•
Competence Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”‡’Ž‘›• • ”–‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡•’‡ƒ‹‰•‹ŽŽ• •’‡ƒ‹‰‹ǣ ’”ƒ –‹•‡–Š”‘—‰Š
‹‡™•”‡ƒ†‹‰ǡ Ǧ ‡™•”‡ƒ†‹‰ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘•–Š‡ƒ”–
”‡’‘”–‹‰ǡ’‡”•—ƒ•‹˜‡ Ǧ ‡™•”‡’‘”–‹‰ ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡•’‡ƒ‹‰‹ǣ
‘†‹–‹‘•‘”ƒ‹‰ Ǧ ’‡”•—ƒ•‹˜‡ - ‡™•”‡ƒ†‹‰
’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ - ‡™•”‡’‘”–‹‰
Ǧ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ - ’‡”•—ƒ•‹˜‡
•‹–—ƒ–‹‘
- ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘’”‡’ƒ”‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡•’‡‡ Š‡•ƒ†ƒ‡ Žƒ••’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

• ‹†‡‘•Š‘™‘’—„Ž‹ •’‡‡ Š‡•

• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•‘–›’‡•‘ˆ•’‡‡ Š‡•
• ‘†‡Ž•’‡‡ Š‡•

References
‡‡„‡ǡǤǤǡȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ—„Ž‹ ’‡ƒ‹‰ǣ—†‹‡ ‡Ǧ‡–‡”‡†’’”‘ƒ Šȋͻ–Š†‹–‹‘Ȍ
––ƒ†ƒŽ‘‡„‘‘Ǣ‡ƒ”•‘ǡ‡šƒ•Ǥ

Ž‡ŽŽƒǡ ǤǡǤ ȋʹͲƮͷȌǤ  —„Ž‹  ’‡ƒ‹‰ǣ ‘ ‡’–• ƒ† ‹ŽŽ• ˆ‘” ƒ ‹˜‡”•‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǡ ͺ–Š
†‹–‹‘Ǣ‡‰ƒ‰‡‡ƒ”‹‰–”‡‰‘Ǥ

Ž—‰ƒǡǤǡȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ‹š‹—–‡•’‡ƒ‹‰ƒ†”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‹ŽŽ•ǣ‘—” —‹†‡–‘„‡
ƒ‘ˆ‹†‡–ƒ†ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–’‡ƒ‡”Ǣ‘Ž—„‹ƒǤ

‘ƒƒǡ Ǥ  ȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ —„Ž‹  ’‡ƒ‹‰ ˆ‘” —–Š‘”•ǡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡•ǡ ƒ† ‘–Š‡” –”‘˜‡”–•Ǥ
”‡ƒ–‡’ƒ ‡ †‡’‡†‡–—„Ž‹•Š‹‰Žƒ–ˆ‘”ǡ‘†‘Ǥ

ƒ”Ǥƒ†‘ǡǤǤǡ ȋʹͲͳͷȌǤ—„Ž‹ ’‡ƒ‹‰ƒ‰‹ ǣ— ‡••ƒ†‘ˆ‹†‡ ‡‹

–Š‡ ‹”•– ʹͲ ‡ ‘†•ǡ ‹†Ž‡ †‹–‹‘Ǣ ‘”–—‡ ‡–™‘” —„Ž‹•Š‹‰ǡ  Ǥ –
”‹•„ƒ‡Ǥ

‹Š‹ŽŽǡ ǤǡȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ‘›‘—ƒŽ —›ǫ͹‘‡†› ƒ„‹–•–‘‡ ‘‡ƒ‡––‡”ȋƒ†

—‹‡”Ȍ—„Ž‹ ’‡ƒ‡”Ǣ‡‡ŽŽƒ‘‘•Ǧ‡™‘”Ǥ

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸Ͳ ‘—”•

Š‹• ‘†—Ž‡ ‹–”‘†— ‡• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ ˆ— –‹‘• ‘ˆ ’—„Ž‹  ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ‘’‘‡–•ǡ
ƒ†ƒ‹–‡ƒ ‡‘ˆ ‰‘‘†™‹ŽŽƒ†—–—ƒŽ—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰™‹–Š‹‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†
–Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ’—„Ž‹ Ǥ Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ‰ƒ‹ •‹ŽŽ• ‘ˆ ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ†
‡–™‘”‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ˆ‹rm’s customers, suppliers and partner organisations.

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ †‡•‹‰”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡••ƒ‰‡•–Šƒ–’‘”–”ƒ›–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹†‡ƒ•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ”‡Žƒ–‡™‡ŽŽ™‹–Š–Š‡‹–‡”ƒŽƒ†‡š–‡”ƒŽ’—„Ž‹ •–‘‰ƒ–Š‡”ƒ††‹••‡‹ƒ–‡
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ’—„Ž‹  • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•’—„Ž‹  ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ
”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ • „Œ‡ –‹˜‡•‘ˆ ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡• ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘‘
‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•–‘ • —ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ –Š‡‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡•‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ 
–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•–‘–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
• ‡šŠ‹„‹–•–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡” • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ
‘ˆƒ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• • ‘Ž‡•‘ˆƒ’—„Ž‹  ƒ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”ˆ‘”
‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”Ǥ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”• –Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘‡—Žƒ–‡Ǥ
• †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•–Š‡ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••
ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆƒ’—„Ž‹  –Š‡”‘Ž‡•‘ˆƒ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•
”‡Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”Ǥ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”Ǥ

‰”‘—’•ǡƒ••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•ƒ†”‘Ž‡•‘ˆƒ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•

‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”Ǥ

• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•‘–Š‡ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆƒ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”

• —„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ—ƒŽ

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹ ‘—”•
Competence Content Teaching and Learning
Strategy
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”’‡”ˆ‘”•–Š‡ • ‡•‡ƒ” Š —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”‹ƒ
ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆƒ’—„Ž‹  • Žƒ‹‰ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡„ƒ•‹ 
”‡Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”Ǥ • ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‰ ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆƒ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•
• ˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”Ǥ

••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ƒ””› ‘—– ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‘ –Š‡ „ƒ•‹  ˆ— –‹‘• ‘ˆ ƒ ’—„Ž‹ 
”‡Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”ƒ†ƒ‡ Žƒ••’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

• ‘’—–‡”
• ‡Ž‡’Š‘‡•
• ‡–™‘” ‘‡ –‹‘•
• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•

Sub-module 3: Publics
—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies

Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ›’‡•‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ • • —‹†‡ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘

• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ - ‹–‡”ƒŽ –Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ •‘ˆ
’—„Ž‹ •‘ˆƒ - ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ƒ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ • ‘Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡’—„Ž‹ • • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ†
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡ • —„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• –ƒ•–Š‡–‘ ƒ””›‘—–
’—„Ž‹ •–‘–Š‡ ƒ†’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ
‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ†
• ’‡”ˆ‘”•–Š‡”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ ’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒǤ
’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ†
’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒ‘ˆƒ
‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‹• —•• –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’—„Ž‹ • –‘ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ƒ
‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

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• –‡”‡–
• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘–‘‘Ž•

Sub-module 4: Images
—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”• 
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ›’‡•‘ˆ‹ƒ‰‡• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡‘ˆ • Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‘–Š‡–›’‡‘ˆ‹ƒ‰‡•ˆ‘”ƒ
‹ƒ‰‡•ˆ‘”’—„Ž‹  ‹ƒ‰‡•ǣ ‘’ƒ›Ǥ
”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ - „›‡†‹— • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
• Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡‹ƒ‰‡•Ǥ - „›‡••ƒ‰‡ Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
• ƒƒ‰‡• ”‹•‹•‹–Š‡ • ”‹•‹• ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹ƒ‰‡•Ǥ
‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘–‘ Ž‡ƒ” ƒƒ‰‡‡– • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘–‘ƒƒ‰‡
‹ƒ‰‡Ǥ ”‹•‹•–Šƒ– ƒ–ƒ”‹•Š
‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹ƒ‰‡Ǥ

‰”‘—’•ǡƒ••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘•‡Ž‡ –ƒ‡†‹ƒ ‘’ƒ›ƒ†ƒƒŽ›•‡‹–•‹ƒ‰‡ƒ†

ƒ‡”‡’‘”––‘’”‡•‡–‹ Žƒ••Ǥ

• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•–‘Šƒ†Ž‹‰‹ƒ‰‡
• Company’s directory 
• ”‹––‡†‘ —‡–•

Sub-module 5: Components of Public Relations

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡†‹ƒ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘‘
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡ • ‘—‹–› –Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘’‘‡–•‘ˆ
‘’‘‡–•‘ˆ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆƒ
’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ • ‘˜‡”‡– ‘’ƒ›Ǥ
• Šƒ†Ž‡•’—„Ž‹  ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘
”‡Žƒ–‡†‹••—‡•‘ˆƒ • ’Ž‘›‡‡ Šƒ†Ž‹‰‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‡†
’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ‘’ƒ›Ǥ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• ‹••—‡•‘ˆƒ ‘’ƒ›Ǥ

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••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‹• —•• –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘’‘‡–• ‘ˆ ’—„Ž‹  ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ƒ
’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ‘’ƒ›ƒ†ƒ‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

—‹†‡Ž‹‡•–‘Šƒ†Ž‹‰ ‘’‘‡–•‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•

Sub-module 6: Public Relations Tools

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ”‘ Š—”‡• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • ”‡••”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ ‘–Š‡–‘‘Ž•—•‡†‹’—„Ž‹ 
–‘‘Ž•—•‡†‹ • ƒ ‰”‘—†‡”• ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•™‘”Ǥ
’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ • ”‡••‹– • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• †‡•‹‰•–Š‡–‘‘Ž• • ‡™•Ž‡––‡” –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘†‡•‹‰
ˆ‘”—•‡‹–Š‡ • ”‡•• ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡• –‘‘Ž•ˆ‘”—•‡‹’—„Ž‹ 
’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ • ‡‹ƒ”•Ȁ™‘”•Š‘’• ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•™‘”Ǥ
• ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡• • ”‰ƒ‹•‡’”‡••
‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡•ˆ‘” ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡•ǡƒ†•‡‹ƒ”•
ƒ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ –‘’‘’—Žƒ”‹•‡ƒ
‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ


••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‡•‹‰•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ †‘ —‡–•ˆ‘”’—„Ž‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ –‹˜‹–›Ǥ

• ’‡ ‹‡‘ˆǣ
Ǧ „”‘ Š—”‡•
Ǧ ’”‡••‹–
Ǧ ‡™•Ž‡––‡”
Ǧ ˆŽ›‡”•


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™ƒǡǤǡȋʹͲͳͶȌǤƒ•‡•‹—„Ž‹ ‡Žƒ–‹‘•ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǡʹ††‹–‹‘Ǣ‘—–‡Ž‡†‰‡
—„Ž‹•Š‡”•–‡™‘”Ǥ
‡‰‹ƒǡ ǤǤ ƒ† ƒ’‹œœ‘ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͺȌǤ —„Ž‹  ‡Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ’ƒ‹‰•ǣ  –‡‰”ƒ–‡†
’’”‘ƒ Šǡ ‹”•–†‹–‹‘Ǣ —„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ  ǤǢ›”ƒ —•‡Ǥ
‡‡ǡ Ǥǡ ȋʹͲͳͺȌ †‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ —„Ž‹  ‡Žƒ–‹‘•ǣ Š‡‘”›ǡ —Ž–—”‡ǡ ƒ† ‘ ‹‡–›Ǣ ͳ•–
†‹–‹‘ǡ —„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•–†ǤǦ‘ Š‡•–‡”Ǥ
‡˜›ǡǤǡȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤŠ‡‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘• ‘Ž†‡ ‘—”ǣŠ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ —‹†‡–‘—„Ž‹ 
ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Š‡˜‡”› ‘—”‘—–•Ǣ—„Ž‹ ƒˆ‡–›”‡••–‡™‘”
ƒ‹•ǡ Ǥǡ ȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ –”‘†— –‹‘ –‘ –”ƒ–‡‰‹  —„Ž‹  ‡Žƒ–‹‘•ǣ ‹‰‹–ƒŽǡ Ž‘„ƒŽǡ ƒ†
‘ ‹ƒŽŽ› ‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǣ ͳ•– †‹–‹‘Ǣ   —„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ  Ǥ –
Ž‘”‹†ƒǤ
‘ǡǤǤǡȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ”‹‡”‘ˆ—„Ž‹ ‡Žƒ–‹‘•‡•‡ƒ” ŠǡŠ‹”††‹–‹‘ǢŠ‡ —‹Žˆ‘”†
”‡••– Ž‘”‹†ƒǤ

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶͷ ‘—”•

Š‹• ‘†—Ž‡ ‹–”‘†— ‡• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ ‹ ”‘ ƒ† ƒ ”‘‡ ‘‘‹ • ‘ ‡’–• ƒ†
’”ƒ –‹ ‡• –Šƒ– †‡˜‡Ž‘’ Š‹•ȀŠ‡” •‹ŽŽ• –‘ ƒƒŽ›•‡ǡ ƒ••‡••ǡ ‹–‡”’”‡– ƒ† ‹–‹‰ƒ–‡
‡ ‘‘‹  ’”‘„Ž‡• –Šƒ– ƒ”‹•‡ ˆ”‘ • ƒ” ‹–› ƒ† ’—„Ž‹  ‹••—‡• •— Š ƒ•
—‡’Ž‘›‡–ǡ ‹ ‘‡ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ‹ˆŽƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‘’‡–‹–‹‘Ǥ – ‘˜‡”• –Š‡ „ƒ•‹ 
•‹ŽŽ• ‡ ‡••ƒ”› –‘ —†‡”•–ƒ† –Š‡ •—’’Ž› ƒ† †‡ƒ† ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡• ‘ˆ „—•‹‡••ǡ
’”‘†— –‹‘ ƒ† ‘•– –Š‡‘”‹‡•ǡ ƒ”‡– •–”— –—”‡•ǡ ‘•—‡” ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—ǡ ‘‡›
ƒ† „ƒ‹‰ ˆ— –‹‘•ǡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹ ‘‡ ƒ† –”ƒ†‹‰ ƒ ”‘•• „‘”†‡”•Ǥ Š‡•‡ ƒ”‡
’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ• ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ”‡ƒŽǦlife situations in today’s globaŽ ƒ”‡–• ˆ‘”
•–‹—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦ‡’Ž‘›‡–Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ƒƒŽ›•‡–Š‡‡ ‘‘‹ ’”‘„Ž‡•ˆ‘”„—•‹‡••’—”’‘•‡•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ’”‘†— ‡‰‘‘†•ƒ†•‡”˜‹ ‡•–Šƒ–’”‘˜‹†‡ ‘•—‡”•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‹‘Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ –”ƒ†‡Ž‘ ƒŽŽ›ƒ†‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and
Learning Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ‡ ‘‘‹ • • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• †‡ˆ‹‡•‡ ‘‘‹ •Ǥ • ’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ•–—†›‹‰ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡‡‡†–‘ ‡ ‘‘‹ • ‡ƒ‹‰ƒ†
•–—†›‡ ‘‘‹ •Ǥ • —†ƒ‡–ƒŽ‡ ‘‘‹  ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ
• ƒ‡• Š‘‹ ‡‘ˆ™Šƒ– ’”‘„Ž‡•‘ˆƒȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ‡ ‘‘‹ •Ǥ
–‘ ‘•—‡„ƒ•‡†‘ • ƒ” ‹–›ǡ Š‘‹ ‡ǡ • —‹†‡ƒ†‹• —••‹‘
–Š‡”‡•‘—” ‡• ‘’’‘”–—‹–› ‘•–Ƭ ‘‡ ‘‘‹ 
ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ’”‘†— –‹‘’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–› ’”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†Š‘™
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡’”‡˜ƒ‹Ž‹‰ ˆ”‘–‹‡”Ȍ –Š‡›ƒˆˆ‡ – —•–‘‡”
‡ ‘‘‹ •›•–‡•Ǥ •  ‘‘‹ “—‡•–‹‘• †‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰Ǥ
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡ •  ‘‘‹ •›•–‡• • ‹• —••™‹–Š–Š‡
‘ˆ‡ ‘‘‹ “—‡•–‹‘• • ‘•‹–‹˜‡˜‡”•—• Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
‹”‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘‹ • –›’‡•‘ˆ‡ ‘‘‹ •Ǥ
• ‹ ”‘‡ ‘‘‹ •˜‡”•—•
ƒ ”‘‡ ‘‘‹ •

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‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••–‘†‹• —••‡ ‘‘‹ ’”‘„Ž‡•‘ˆƒƒ†Š‘™–Š‡› ƒ„‡

•‘Ž˜‡†Ǥ

•  ‘‘‹ ”‡’‘”–•
• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•
• ‘—”ƒŽ•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶ ‘—”• 
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‘ ‡’–•‘ˆ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–•‘ˆ †‡ƒ†ƒ† ‘–Š‡ˆƒ –‘”•–Šƒ–ƒˆˆ‡ –
†‡ƒ†ƒ†•—’’Ž›Ǥ •—’’Ž› †‡ƒ†ƒ†•—’’Ž›‘ˆƒ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ˆƒ –‘”• • ‡ƒ†ˆ— –‹‘ǡ ‘‘†‹–›Ǥ
–Šƒ–ƒˆˆ‡ –†‡ƒ†ƒ† • Š‡†—Ž‡ƒ† • ƒ‡ƒ‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ
•—’’Ž›‘ˆƒ ‘‘†‹–›Ǥ —”˜‡• ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
• †‡–‡”‹‡•–Š‡ • —’’Ž›ˆ— –‹‘ǡ ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—’‘‹–‘ˆ
‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—’‘‹–‘ˆ • Š‡†—Ž‡ƒ† †‡ƒ†ƒ†•—’’Ž›ǡƒ†
†‡ƒ†ƒ†•—’’Ž›Ǥ —”˜‡• ’”‹ ‡ƒ†“—ƒ–‹–›‘ˆƒ
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡ • ‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‘‘†‹–›ˆ‘”–Š‡
”‡•’‘•‹˜‡‡••‘ˆ ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—’”‹ ‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘‡—Žƒ–‡Ǥ
“—ƒ–‹–›†‡ƒ†‡†‘” ƒ†“—ƒ–‹–› • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡
•—’’Ž‹‡†–‘ Šƒ‰‡•‹ ȋ‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽƒ† ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
’”‹ ‡Ǥ —‡”‹ ƒŽȌ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ’”‹ ‡
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ • ”‹ ‡‡ Šƒ‹• ‡ Šƒ‹•‹„—•‹‡••Ǥ
’”‹ ‡‡ Šƒ‹•‹
„—•‹‡••†‡ƒŽ‹‰•Ǥ

ƒ•Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ’”‡’ƒ”‡–Š‡†‡ƒ†ƒ†•—’’Ž›• Š‡†—Ž‡•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ †”ƒ™–Š‡†‡ƒ†ƒ†•—’’Ž› —”˜‡•Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ †‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—’‘‹–Ǥ

• ”‹ ‡Ž‹•–•
• ”ƒ’Š’ƒ’‡”

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ƒ”†‹ƒŽ—–‹Ž‹–› • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡Š‘™–Š‡
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡–”‡†• –Š‡‘”› ƒ”†‹ƒŽƒ†‘”†‹ƒŽ
‘ˆ —•–‘‡” • ”†‹ƒŽ—–‹Ž‹–›–Š‡‘”› –Š‡‘”‹‡•‘ˆ‡ ‘‘‹ • ƒ
„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”Ǥ • —†‰‡–Ž‹‡‘ˆ–Š‡ „‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‹ƒ‰ƒ†ƒ
• ”‡Žƒ–‡•–Š‡—–‹Ž‹–› ‘•—‡” ‡ ‘‘‹ •›•–‡Ǥ
–Š‡‘”‹‡•–‘–Š‡  • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘Š‘™
’”‡˜ƒ‹Ž‹‰ ‘•—‡” –‘†‡–‡”‹‡ƒ‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ
„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”Ǥ „—†‰‡–Ž‹‡‘ˆƒ ‘•—‡”Ǥ
• †”ƒ™•‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽŽ›
–Š‡„—†‰‡–Ž‹‡‘ˆ
–Š‡ ‘•—‡”Ǥ

‹˜‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• Š‘‡™‘” –‘ ƒ””› ‘—– ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‘ –Š‡ ƒ••—’–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡
ƒ”†‹ƒŽƒ†‘”†‹ƒŽ—–‹Ž‹–›–Š‡‘”‹‡•ƒ†Š‘™–Š‡›”‡Žƒ–‡–‘‡ ‘‘‹  ‘†‹–‹‘•‹
‰ƒ†ƒǤ

 ‘‘‹ ”‡’‘”–•ǡ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•ƒ†Œ‘—”ƒŽ•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ›’‡•‘ˆ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡•ǡ ’”‘†— –‹‘ȋ†‹”‡ – „”ƒ‹•–‘”•–Š‡–›’‡•ǡ
•–ƒ‰‡•ƒ†ˆƒ –‘”•‘ˆ ƒ†‹†‹”‡ –Ȍ •–ƒ‰‡•ǡƒ†ˆƒ –‘”•‘ˆ
’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ • –ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ ’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ
• Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡•–ƒ••‹–Š‡ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
’”‘†— –‹‘
’”‘†— –‹‘’”‘ ‡••Ǥ • ƒ –‘”•‘ˆ ‘’—–‡–Š‡ ‘•–‘ˆ
• †‡–‡”‹‡•–Š‡ ‘•–‘ˆ ’”‘†— –‹‘ ’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ
’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ • ’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒ† • ”‘˜‹†‡ƒ‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡‡ ‘‘‹‡• †‹˜‹•‹‘‘ˆŽƒ„‘—” ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ ‘‘‹‡•
ƒ††‹•‡ ‘‘‹‡•‘ˆ • ‘•–•‘ˆ ƒ††‹•‡ ‘‘‹‡•‘ˆ• ƒŽ‡
• ƒŽ‡Ǥ ’”‘†— –‹‘ ˆ‘”–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘‡—Žƒ–‡Ǥ
• †‡–‡”‹‡•–Š‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ •  ‘‘‹‡•ƒ† • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•†‹• —••‹
‘ˆƒˆ‹”Ǥ †‹•‡ ‘‘‹‡•‘ˆ ‰”‘—’•–Š‡ˆƒ –‘”•–‘

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡–Š‡‘”›‘ˆ • ƒŽ‡ ‘•‹†‡”™Š‡•‡Ž‡ –‹‰
”‡˜‡—‡ƒ†’”‘ˆ‹–‹ • ‘ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒˆ‹” Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒˆ‹”Ǥ
„—•‹‡••Ǥ • Š‡‘”›‘ˆ”‡˜‡—‡
ƒ†’”‘ˆ‹–

••‡••–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡ǣ
‹Ȍ ˆƒ –‘”•‘ˆ’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‘•–‘ˆ’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ ‡ ‘‘‹‡•ƒ††‹•‡ ‘‘‹‡•‘ˆ• ƒŽ‡Ǥ
‹˜Ȍ ˆƒ –‘”•–‘ ‘•‹†‡”™Š‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‰ƒ’”‘†— –‹‘ˆ‹”Ǥ

• Šƒ”–‘ˆ’”‘†— –‹‘Ž‹ˆ‡ › Ž‡

• —•‹‡••ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡•ƒ† ‘—”ƒŽ•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
The learner: • ‡”ˆ‡ – • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡‘ˆ ‘’‡–‹–‹‘ –Š‡–›’‡‘ˆƒ”‡–•–”— –—”‡•
ƒ”‡–•–”— –—”‡•‹ • ‘‘’‘Ž‹•–‹  ƒ†Š‘™–Š‡›‘’‡”ƒ–‡Ǥ
ƒ‡ ‘‘›Ǥ • ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—Ž‡˜‡Ž•
‘’‡–‹–‹‘
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡ • ‘‘’‘Ž› ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‡–•–”— –—”‡•—•‹‰
‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡ • Ž‹‰‘’‘Ž› –Š‡‹” ‘•–ƒ†”‡˜‡—‡ —”˜‡•Ǥ
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ”‡– • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••‹
•–”— –—”‡•Ǥ ‰”‘—’•–Š‡ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ†
• ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡•–Š‡ †‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—’‘‹–•‘ˆ ƒ”‡–•–”‹ –—”‡•Ǥ
–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ”‡–
•–”— –—”‡•Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ••‹‰‡–•–‘†‹• —••–Š‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ”‡–

•–”— –—”‡•Ǥ

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• –‡”‡– ‘‡ –‹‘•

• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•
• —•‹‡••Œ‘—”ƒŽ•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ • ‡ƒ†ƒ„”ƒ‹•–‘”‹‰
• †‡ˆ‹‡•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹ ‘‡Ǥ •‡••‹‘‘–Š‡†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ
‹ ‘‡Ǥ • ’’”‘ƒ Š‡•–‘–Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹ ‘‡Ǥ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–‘ˆ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡•–‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹ ‘‡ ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‘•‘Š‘™ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‡ƒ•—”‹‰ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ • ‹” —Žƒ”ˆŽ‘™‘ˆ ‹ ‘‡ˆ‹‰—”‡•ƒ”‡
‹ ‘‡Ǥ ‹ ‘‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡†Ǥ
• ‡šƒ‹‡•–Š‡‹ˆŽ‘™• • •‡•‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒŽ • ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡ ‹” —Žƒ”ˆŽ‘™‘ˆ
ƒ†‘—–ˆŽ‘™•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹ ‘‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹ • ‹ ‘‡Ǥ
nation’s‹ ‘‡Ǥ ȋ ǡ ǡ’‡” • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡—•‡•‘ˆ ƒ’‹–ƒ‹ ‘‡Ȍ –Š‡—•‡•‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹ ‘‡
ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹ ‘‡ • ”‘„Ž‡•ˆƒ ‡†‹ •–ƒ–‹•–‹ •Ǥ
•–ƒ–‹•–‹ •ƒ†–Š‡ ‘’‹Ž‹‰ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ • ‹–Š–Š‡Š‡Ž’‘ˆƒ ƒ•‡
’”‘„Ž‡•ˆƒ ‡†‹ ‹ ‘‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹ • •–—†›ǡŽ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
‘’‹Ž‹‰–Š‡Ǥ †‹• —••–Š‡’”‘„Ž‡•
‡ ‘—–‡”‡†‹‡ƒ•—”‹‰
ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹ ‘‡ˆ‹‰—”‡•Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ ƒ•‡•–—†›ˆ”‘™Š‹ Š–Š‡›•Š‘—Ž† ‘’—–‡–Š‡ ƒ† 

‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘—–”›Ǥ

• ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ„—†‰‡–•
• ‡’‘”–•ˆ”‘‰ƒ†ƒ—”‡ƒ—‘ˆ–ƒ–‹•–‹ •
• ”‡’‘”–•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ǡˆ— –‹‘• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•‘‡›Ǥ ƒ†“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ‰‘‘† †‹• ‘˜‡”–Š‡
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ‘‡› Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ƒ†
‘ˆ‰‘‘†‘‡›Ǥ • — –‹‘•‘ˆ ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆ‘‡›ˆ”‘
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆ ‘‡” ‹ƒŽ„ƒ• –Š‡‹”†ƒ‹Ž›‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•Ǥ
‘‡›‹„—•‹‡••Ǥ • — –‹‘•‘ˆƒ ‡–”ƒŽ • ˜‹–‡ƒ„ƒ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ–‘
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆ „ƒ ‰—‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡
‘‡” ‹ƒŽƒ† ‡–”ƒŽ • ‡”‰‹‰–”‡†•‹ ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆ ‘‡” ‹ƒŽ
„ƒ•Ǥ „ƒ‹‰ ƒ† ‡–”ƒŽ„ƒ•Ǥ
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡‡‡”‰‹‰ - ƒ‰‡–Ǧ„ƒ‹‰ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡‡Ǧ
–”‡†•‹„ƒ‹‰ƒ†–Š‡‹” - ‡Ǧ„ƒ‹‰ „ƒ‹‰’”‘ ‡••—•‹‰ƒ
‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘„—•‹‡••Ǥ - ‘„‹Ž‡‘‡› ‘„‹Ž‡’Š‘‡Ǥ
• •‡•‘„‹Ž‡’Š‘‡–‘ „ƒ‹‰ 
–”ƒ•ƒ –„—•‹‡••Ǥ

••‡••–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•ƒ† Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆ‰‘‘†‘‡›Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆ ‘‡” ‹ƒŽƒ† ‡–”ƒŽ„ƒ•
‹‹‹Ȍ ‡Ǧ„ƒ‹‰Ǥ

• ‘‡–ƒ”›’‘Ž‹ ›”‡’‘”–•
• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
• —””‡ ›‘–‡•ƒ† ‘‹•
• ‘„‹Ž‡‘‡›ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–‹‡•ȋ‘„‹Ž‡’Š‘‡Ȍ
• ƒ‹‰˜‹†‡‘•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
The learner: • ›’‡•‘ˆ‹ˆŽƒ–‹‘ • ‡ƒ†ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ • ƒ—•‡•‘ˆ‹ˆŽƒ–‹‘ –›’‡•‘ˆ‹ˆŽƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹ˆŽƒ–‹‘Ǥ • ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ‹ˆŽƒ–‹‘ • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ ƒ—•‡• • ‘–”‘ŽŽ‹‰ †‹• —••‹‘–Š‡ ƒ—•‡•ƒ†
ƒ†‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ‹ˆŽƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‹ˆŽƒ–‹‘ ‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ‹ˆŽƒ–‹‘Ǥ
• •‡–•‡ƒ•—”‡•–‘ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•„”ƒ‹•–‘”
‹–‹‰ƒ–‡‹ˆŽƒ–‹‘Ǥ –Š‡™ƒ›•‘ˆ ‘–”‘ŽŽ‹‰
‹ˆŽƒ–‹‘Ǥ

‹Ȍ ‹˜‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ••‹‰‡––‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹••—‡•–Šƒ–‰‹˜‡”‹•‡–‘‹ˆŽƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‡– Ž‡ƒ”‡”• Šƒ˜‡ Žƒ•• ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• ‘ –Š‡ ‘–”‘Ž ‘ˆ ‹ˆŽƒ–‹‘ ‹ ƒ
‡ ‘‘›Ǥ

• ˆŽƒ–‹‘”ƒ–‡ Šƒ”–•
• ”‹ ‡Ž‹•– Šƒ”–•
• ‡ ‡‹’–•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–”ƒ†‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ
‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ • ”‘„Ž‡•‘ˆ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–”ƒ†‡Ǥ
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–”ƒ†‡Ǥ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–”ƒ†‡ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡’”‘„Ž‡• • ‡”•—•‡†‹ ‘–Š‡’”‘„Ž‡•ƒ ‘—–”›
‘ˆ–”ƒ†‹‰ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–”ƒ†‡ Ž‹‡‰ƒ†ƒ‡ ‘—–‡”•
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›Ǥ • ‡•–”‹ –‹‘•–‘ ™Š‡‹–‹•‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡”‡ƒ•‘• ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–”ƒ†‡ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–”ƒ†‡Ǥ
ˆ‘””‡•–”‹ –‹‰ • ‘”‡‹‰ƒ‹† • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•†‹• —••‹
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–”ƒ†‡„› ‰”‘—’•™Š› ‘—–”‹‡•
•‘‡ ‘—–”‹‡•Ǥ ”‡•–”‹ –‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
–”ƒ†‡Ǥ

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••‡••–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ƒ†‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–”ƒ†‡Ǥ

• —•‹‡••‡™•ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
• ‘ —‡–• —•‡† ‹ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –”ƒ†‡ •— Š ƒ• „ƒŽƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ’ƒ›‡– ƒ†
–‡”•‘ˆ–”ƒ†‡

‹”—‰‹ǡǤƬ—–‡›‘ǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ‡ ‘‘‹ •ǡƒ’ƒŽƒǡ‰ƒ†ƒǤ

‘—–•‘›‹ƒ‹•ǡǤȋʹͲͲͲȌ‘†‡”‹ ”‘‡ ‘‘‹ •ǡʹ† ‡†Ǥ‡™‡ŽŠ‹ǡƒ ‹ŽŽƒ
†— ƒ–‹‘–†Ǥ
‹’•‡› ǤǤȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ –”‘†— –‹‘–‘‘•‹–‹˜‡ ‘‘‹ •ǡͳʹ–Š‡†‹–‹‘Ǥ‘•–‘ǡŠ‡
††‹•‘Ǧ‡•Ž‡›—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
ƒŽ‡‡‹ǤǤȋͳͻͻͳȌ ‘‘‹ ••‹’Ž‹ˆ‹‡†Ǥ‘”–Šƒ’–‘ǡ†™ƒ”†Ž‰ƒ”—„Ž‹•Š‹‰
–†Ǥ
•‡–ƒ—ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ ƒ•‹   ‘‘‹ • ˆ‘” ƒ•– ˆ”‹ ƒǣ ‘ ‡’–•ǡ ƒŽ›•‹• ƒ†
’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥƒ’ƒŽƒǡ ‘—–ƒ‹ ‘—•‡’—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
ƒ›‡„™‡ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤƒ•‹ ‡ ‘‘‹ •ǡƒ’ƒŽƒǡ‰ƒ†ƒǤ

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸Ͳ ‘—”•

Š‹• ‘†—Ž‡ ‹–”‘†— ‡• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ ‘’—–‡”•Ǥ – ™‹ŽŽ ’”‘˜‹†‡ –Š‡
Ž‡ƒ”‡”™‹–Š„ƒ•‹ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ†•‹ŽŽ•–‘ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹•‡™‹–Š–Š‡—•‡ƒ†™‘”‹‰‘ˆ
‘’—–‡”• —•‹‰ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘†‡” ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•Ǥ Š‡
Ž‡ƒ”‡” •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ƒ “—‹”‡ Šƒ†•Ǧ‘ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ ‹ ‹ ”‘•‘ˆ– ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡
ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘• •— Š ƒ• ‘”† ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ǡ ’”‡ƒ†•Š‡‡–ǡ ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ
’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ‹–‡”‡–”‡•‘—” ‡•ǤŠ‡•‹ŽŽ•ƒ†‘™Ž‡†‰‡‰ƒ‹‡†™‹ŽŽ
‡ƒ„Ž‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘†‹‰‹–ƒŽŽ›ƒ ‡••ǡ’”‘ ‡••ǡ•–‘”‡ǡƒ††‹••‡‹ƒ–‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

› –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘†—Ž‡ǡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ —•‡ ƒ† ƒ‹’—Žƒ–‡ ƒ
‘’—–‡” –‘ ’”‡’ƒ”‡ †‘ —‡–• ƒ† •‡ƒ” Š ™‡„Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ˆ”‘ –Š‡
–‡”‡–Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ”‹‰‹‘ˆ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ ‘’—–‡”• –Š‡‘”‹‰‹ ‘’—–‡”•Ǥ
‘ˆ ‘’—–‡”• • ›’‡•‘ˆ ‘’—–‡”• • ‹•’Žƒ› ‘’‘‡–•‘ˆƒ
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡–›’‡• • ‘’‘‡–•‘ˆƒ ‘’—–‡”ˆ‘”–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‘ˆ ‘’—–‡”• ‘’—–‡” ‹†‡–‹ˆ›–Š‡‹”ˆ— –‹‘•Ǥ
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡ • –ƒ”–‹‰ƒ ‘’—–‡” • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
‘’‘‡–•‘ˆƒ • Š—––‹‰†‘™ƒ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘•–ƒ”–ƒ† Ž‘•‡ƒ
‘’—–‡”Ǥ ‘’—–‡” ‘’—–‡”Ǥ
• „‘‘–•ƒ†•Š—–• • ‘’—–‡” • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡
†‘™ƒ ‘’—–‡”Ǥ Šƒ”†™ƒ”‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘’‘‡–•‘ˆƒ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • ‘’—–‡”‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ǣ ‘’—–‡”Ǥ
‘’—–‡” ȋ˜‹†‡‘ ƒ”†ǡ • ‡–Ž‡ƒ”‡”•†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
Šƒ”†™ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡–™‘” ƒ”†•ǡ ”‡‘˜ƒŽƒ†”‡’Žƒ ‡‡–‘ˆ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ ǡǡ ‘’—–‡”Ǥ
‘’—–‡”•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ǥ ƒ‡”ƒ•ǡ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘—•‡–Š‡
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡‡‡† ’”‘ ‡••‘”•Ȍ ‡›„‘ƒ”†–‘ƒ‹’—Žƒ–‡–Š‡
ˆ‘” ‘’—–‡”•Ǥ • ’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆƒ –›’‹‰–‡ Š‹“—‡•Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ ‘’—–‡” • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘‘
†ƒ‰‡”•‘ˆ—•‹‰ • ƒ‰‡”•‘ˆ—•‹‰ –Š‡—•‡•ƒ††ƒ‰‡”•‘ˆ
‘’—–‡”•Ǥ ‘’—–‡”• ‘’—–‡”•Ǥ
• ’”‘˜‹†‡••ƒˆ‡–›ƒ† • ƒˆ‡–›ƒ†•‡ —”‹–› • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
•‡ —”‹–›‘ˆƒ ‘ˆƒ ‘’—–‡” ’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘‹’Ž‡‡––Š‡
‘’—–‡”Ǥ •ƒˆ‡–›ƒ†•‡ —”‹–›‡ƒ•—”‡•
‘ˆƒ ‘’—–‡”Ǥ

••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› ƒ† •‘”– ‘—– ‘’—–‡” Šƒ”†™ƒ”‡ ‘’‘‡–•
ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡‹”ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

• ‘’—–‡” • 
• š–‡”ƒŽ†”‹˜‡• • ‘‹–‘”Ȁ• ”‡‡
• ‡›„‘ƒ”† • 
• ‘—•‡ • ‘™‡” ƒ„Ž‡•
• ‡‘”› ƒ”†• • ‘™‡”•‘—” ‡
• •‡–•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ›’‡•ƒ† • ••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡• ‘’—–‡” Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘–Š‡–›’‡•ƒ†
‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰•›•–‡•Ǥ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰ Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡ •›•–‡• •›•–‡•ƒ†ƒ‡ Žƒ••
‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‘’—–‡” • — –‹‘•‘ˆƒ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
•›•–‡Ǥ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰•›•–‡ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡„‡‡ˆ‹–• • ‡‡ˆ‹–•‘ˆ ‘’—–‡”‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰•›•–‡
‘ˆ—•‹‰ ‘’—–‡” ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰ ƒ†‹–•ˆ— –‹‘•Ǥ
‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰•›•–‡•Ǥ •›•–‡• • —‹†‡†–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
• ‹•–ƒŽŽ•ƒ†—‹•–ƒŽŽ• • •–ƒŽŽƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘–›’‡•ǡ
‹†‘™•‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰ ™‹†‘™• Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ƒ†„‡‡ˆ‹–•‘ˆ
•›•–‡ǡƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰•›•–‡ ‘’—–‡”‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰•›•–‡Ǥ
•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ƒ†‘–Š‡” ƒ†ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡
•—’’‘”–’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ‹•–ƒŽŽ‹‰ƒ†—‹•–ƒŽŽ‹‰
‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•›•–‡ƒ†‘–Š‡”
•—’’‘”– ‘’—–‡”
’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ

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‹˜‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ••‹‰‡– –‘ ‹•–ƒŽŽ ƒ† —‹•–ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ‘’—–‡” ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰
•›•–‡Ǥ

• ‘’—–‡”•
• ‘ˆ– ‘’‹‡•‘ˆ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰•›•–‡


—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • –ƒ”–‡— • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• Ž‘ ƒ–‡•–Š‡†‡•–‘’ • ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•‡— –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘
•–ƒ”–‡—Ǥ • ‘”‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ Ž‘ ƒ–‡†‡•–‘’•–ƒ”–
• ”‡ƒ–‡•†‡•–‘’ †‡•–‘’„ƒ ‰”‘—† ‡—Ǥ
„ƒ ‰”‘—†ƒ† ƒ†• ”‡‡•ƒ˜‡” • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ”‡‡•ƒ˜‡”Ǥ • ‘•ǡˆ‹Ž‡•ƒ†ˆ‘Ž†‡”• –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•‹ ‘•‘ • ƒ‹’—Žƒ–‹‰‘’‡ ”‡ƒ–‡†‡•–‘’
†‡•–‘’ƒ†–Š‡‹” ‹†‘™•ǣ”‡•‹œ‹‰ǡ „ƒ ‰”‘—†ƒ†• ”‡‡
ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ƒš‹‹œ‹‰ǡ •ƒ˜‡”ˆ”‘†‡ˆƒ—Ž–
• ”‡•‹œ‡•‹†‘™•Ǥ ‹‹‹œ‹‰–ƒ•’ƒ‡ǡ •‡––‹‰•Ǥ
• ƒš‹‹•‡•ƒ† ƒ†–‹Ž‹‰ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
‹‹‹•‡•‹†‘™•  ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹‘—•
–‘–ƒ•’ƒ‡Ǥ ‹ ‘•‘†‡•–‘’ƒ†
• Ž‘•‡•ƒ†‘’‡• ƒŽŽ‘™–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‹†‘™•ˆ”‘–ƒ• ’”ƒ –‹•‡Ǥ
’ƒ‡Ǥ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
 ”‡•‹œ‹‰ǡ‹‹‹œ‹‰ƒ†
ƒš‹‹œ‹‰‘ˆ‘’‡
‹†‘™•Ǥ


••‹‰Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ”‡ƒ–‡ †‡•–‘’ „ƒ ‰”‘—† ƒ† • ”‡‡ •ƒ˜‡” ˆ”‘ †‡ˆƒ—Ž– •‡––‹‰• ƒ†
’‹ –—”‡•‘”’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š••ƒ˜‡†‹–Š‡ ‘’—–‡”Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ƒ’’Ž›–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ ‘•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘’—–‡”–‘’”‘†— ‡†‘ —‡–•Ǥ

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• — –‹‘‹‰ ‘’—–‡”•
• ‘‹–‘”•Ȁ• ”‡‡•
• ‘™‡”

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • –ƒ”–‹‰ǡ ”‡ƒ–‹‰ƒ† • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘‘’‡
• •–ƒ”–•ǡ ”‡ƒ–‡•‘” ‘’‡‹‰ƒ‘”† ‡™†‘ —‡–•ƒ†™‘”
‘’‡•ƒ‘”† ‹†‘™ ™‹–Š–‡š–•–‘ƒƒ‰‡ˆ‹Ž‡•Ǥ
‹†‘™Ǥ • ‘”‹‰™‹–Š–‡š–• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
• ™‘”•™‹–Š–‡š–• • ‘”†‡—•ˆ‘” ’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘—•‡‘”†‡—•
ƒ†ƒƒ‰‡•ˆ‹Ž‡•Ǥ †‘ —‡–‡†‹–‹‰ǡ ˆ‘”†‘ —‡–‡†‹–‹‰ǡ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ
• —•‡•‘”†‡—• ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ ‘’›ǡ’ƒ•–‡ǡ —– ‘’›ǡ’ƒ•–‡ǡ —–Ǥ
–‘–›’‡•‡–ƒ†‡†‹– • ƒ˜‹‰ƒ‘”† • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
†‘ —‡–•Ǥ †‘ —‡– †‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†
• ˆ‘”ƒ–•†‘ —‡–•Ǥ • ‘”ƒ––‹‰ƒ’ƒ‰‡ǡ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘•ƒ˜‡ƒ†‘ —‡–
• •ƒ˜‡•†‘ —‡–•–‘ †‘ —‡–ǡƒ†’ƒ’‡” ‹†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ‘”ƒ–•ƒ†–‘ƒ
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––‘•–‘”ƒ‰‡ •‹œ‡ •–‘”ƒ‰‡‡†‹ƒǡ‡Ǥ‰ǤˆŽƒ•Š
‡†‹ƒǤ • ‘”‹‰™‹–Š–ƒ„Ž‡• †‹• Ǥ
 • ‘”‹‰™‹–Š • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡ˆ‘”ƒ––‹‰
†”ƒ™‹‰•ǡ Ž‹’ƒ”–ƒ† ‘ˆƒ’ƒ‰‡ƒ††‘ —‡–•ˆ‘”
’‹ –—”‡• –Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘’”ƒ –‹•‡Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ••‹‰‡––‘–›’‡†‘ —‡–•ƒ†•ƒ˜‡‘–Š‡†‡•–‘’Ǥ

• ‘’—–‡”•
• ‘™‡”•‘—” ‡
• ‘™‡” ƒ„Ž‡
• ‘‹–‘”
• š–‡”ƒŽ†”‹˜‡•ǡ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ•ǡ•ǡˆŽƒ•Š†‹• •

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶ ‘—”• 
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • •–ƒŽŽ‹‰ƒ’”‹–‡” • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ‹•–ƒŽŽ•ƒ’”‹–‡”–‘ • ‘”‹‰™‹–Š’”‹–‡” –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘
–Š‡ ‘’—–‡”Ǥ ƒ”–”‹†‰‡•ƒ†–‘‡”• ‹•–ƒŽŽ–Š‡’”‹–‡”–‘ƒ
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡ • ”‹–‹‰†‘ —‡–• ‘’—–‡”Ǥ
’”‘ ‡†—”‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† •  ƒ‹‰†‘ —‡–• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘
™Š‡’”‹–‹‰ ƒ†’‹ –—”‡• ‹•‡”–‹‰‘ˆ–‘‡”•‹–‘ƒ
†‘ —‡–•Ǥ • ƒˆ‡–›ǡ•‡ —”‹–›ƒ† ’”‹–‡”Ǥ
• ‹•‡”–•–‘‡”‹–Š‡ Š‡ƒŽ–Š’”‡ ƒ—–‹‘• • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
’”‹–‡”Ǥ ™Š‡’”‹–‹‰ƒ† ’”‹–‹‰‘ˆƒ†‘ —‡–Ǥ
• ’”‹–•†‘ —‡–•Ǥ • ƒ‹‰†‘ —‡–• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• • ƒ•†‘ —‡–•Ǥ –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘• ƒ
• ‘„•‡”˜‡••‡ —”‹–›ƒ† ƒ† ‘’›†‘ —‡–•Ǥ
•ƒˆ‡–›’”‡ ƒ—–‹‘• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
™Š‡’”‹–‹‰ƒ† ‘„•‡”˜‡•‡ —”‹–›ƒ†
• ƒ‹‰†‘ —‡–•Ǥ •ƒˆ‡–›’”‡ ƒ—–‹‘•™Š‡
’”‹–‹‰ƒ†• ƒ‹‰
†‘ —‡–•Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••–‘–›’‡ƒ†’”‹–†‘ —‡–•Ǥ

• ‘”‹‰ ‘’—–‡”•
• ‘™‡”•‘—” ‡
• ”‹–‡”
•  ƒ‡”
• ‘‡”Ȁ ƒ”–”‹†‰‡

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ”‡ƒ–‹‰ƒš ‡Ž • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ”‡ƒ–‡•ƒ‡š ‡Ž †‘ —‡–Ǥ –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘
†‘ —‡–Ǥ • –‡”‹‰†ƒ–ƒ–‘ƒ ”‡ƒ–‡š ‡Ž†‘ —‡–•Ǥ
• ‡–‡”•†ƒ–ƒ‹ƒ •’”‡ƒ†•Š‡‡–ǡ‡†‹–‹‰ • ‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••–‘
•’”‡ƒ†•Š‡‡–Ǥ ƒ†ˆ‘”ƒ––‹‰ƒ ‡–‡”†ƒ–ƒ‹š ‡Ž
• ‡†‹–•ƒ†ˆ‘”ƒ–• †ƒ–ƒ•Š‡‡– •Š‡‡–•Ǥ
•’”‡ƒ†•Š‡‡– • •‹‰ˆ‘”—Žƒ•ƒ† • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ˆ— –‹‘• –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•š ‡Žˆ‘”—Žƒ‡ • ”‡ƒ–‹‰Ȁ’Ž‘––‹‰ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡—•‹‰š ‡Ž
–‘ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ˆ‹‰—”‡•Ǥ Šƒ”–•ƒ†‰”ƒ’Š• ˆ‘”—Žƒ‡Ǥ
• †”ƒ™• Šƒ”–•ǡ–ƒ„Ž‡•ǡ ˆ”‘š ‡Ž†ƒ–ƒ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
ƒ†‰”ƒ’Š•—•‹‰š ‡Ž ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‹•‡”–‹‘‘ˆ–ƒ„Ž‡•ǡ
‹ ‘•Ǥ • •‡”–‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡•–‘ Šƒ”–•ǡƒ†‰”ƒ’Š•‹
• ’”‹–•š ‡Ž š ‡Ž™‘”•Š‡‡– š ‡Ž†‘ —‡–•Ǥ
†‘ —‡–•Ǥ • ”‹–‹‰ƒ
•’”‡ƒ†•Š‡‡–

‹˜‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ –‡•– –‘ ‡–‡” †ƒ–ƒ ‹ š ‡Ž •Š‡‡–• ƒ† ƒ’’Ž› –Š‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ‡ ˆ‘”
ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒ†—Ž–‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘–‘ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ˆ‹‰—”‡•Ǥ

• ‘’—–‡”•
• ‘™‡”•‘—” ‡
• ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ‡š ‡Ž†‘ —‡–•
• ”‹–‡”

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • Š‡ –‡”‡–ǡ™‡„ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
• ‘‡ –•–‘ƒ „”‘™•‡”• ‘‡ –‹‘•–‘–Š‡
–‡”‡–™‡„•‹–‡ • ’‡‹‰ƒ™‡„•‹–‡ƒ† –‡”‡–™‡„•‹–‡•Ǥ
• •—”ˆ•‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ™‡„•‹–‡ƒ††”‡•• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
ˆ”‘–Š‡ –‡”‡–ǡ • –‡”‡–•—”ˆ‹‰ƒ† –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
†‘™Ž‘ƒ†••ƒ˜‡• •‡ƒ” Š‡‰‹‡• „”‘™•‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‡ • ƒ˜‹‰‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ˆ”‘–Š‡ –‡”‡–Ǥ
–‡”‡– ˆ”‘–Š‡ –‡”‡–ƒ† • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ”‡ƒ–‡•ƒ•–”‘‰ †‘™Ž‘ƒ†‹‰ˆ‹Ž‡•ǡ •ƒ˜‡†‘™Ž‘ƒ†‡†
’ƒ••™‘”†ˆ‘”–Š‡‡Ǧ —•‹ ǡ’‹ –—”‡•–‘–Š‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ƒ‹Žƒ††”‡••Ǥ ‘’—–‡” • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
• ”‡ƒ–‡•ƒ‡Ǧƒ‹Ž • Ž‡ –”‘‹ ƒ‹Žǣ ”‡ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ‡Ǧƒ‹Ž
ƒ††”‡••Ǥ - ”‡ƒ–‹‰‡ƒ‹Ž ƒ ‘—–ƒ†’ƒ••™‘”†Ǥ
• ”‡ƒ–‡•ƒ‡Ǧƒ‹Ž ƒ ‘—– • ‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••
’ƒ••™‘”†Ǥ - ‡Ǧƒ‹Žˆ‘Ž†‡”•ƒ† –‘™”‹–‡ƒ†•‡†
• ‘‡ –•–™‘ ƒ––ƒ Š‡–• ‡••ƒ‰‡•–Š”‘—‰Š‡Ǧ
‘’—–‡”•‹‘‡ - ƒ––ƒ Š‹‰ ƒ‹Ž•ǡ™‹–Šƒ
”‘‘–‘ƒǤ †‘ —‡–•–‘ ƒ––ƒ Š‡–Ǥ
• •‡†•‡••ƒ‰‡• ‘—–‰‘‹‰‡ƒ‹Ž • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
–Š”‘—‰Š‡Ǧƒ‹Ž•Ǥ - †‘™Ž‘ƒ†‹‰ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
• †‘™Ž‘ƒ†•‡••ƒ‰‡• ‡ƒ‹Žƒ––ƒ Š‡– •‡ —”‹–›ǡ•ƒˆ‡–›ƒ†
”‡ ‡‹˜‡†–Š”‘—‰Š‡Ǧ - ˆ‘”ƒ––‹‰ƒ‹Ž Š‡ƒŽ–Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡•–‘„‡
ƒ‹Ž•Ǥ - •‡ƒ” Š‹‰ƒ‹Ž ‘„•‡”˜‡†™Š‡—•‹‰
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡Š‡ƒŽ–Šǡ • ‡ƒŽ–Šǡ•ƒˆ‡–›ƒ† –Š‡ –‡”‡–ƒ†‡Ǧƒ‹ŽǤ
•ƒˆ‡–›ǡƒ†•‡ —”‹–› •‡ —”‹–›’”‡ ƒ—–‹‘•
’”‡ ƒ—–‹‘•™Š‡ ™Š‡—•‹‰–Š‡
—•‹‰–Š‡ –‡”‡–Ǥ –‡”‡–ƒ†‡ƒ‹ŽǤ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‡š‡” ‹•‡•–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ‘’‡‡Ǧƒ‹Žƒ††”‡••‡•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ™”‹–‡ƒ†•‡†–‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”‡Ž‡ –”‘‹ ƒ‹Ž•Ǥ

• ‘’—–‡”•
• –‡”‡– ‘‡ –‹‘• 

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies 
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • –”‘†— –‹‘–‘ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• ‘‡ –•–‘ ‘’—–‡”‡–™‘”‹‰ ‘–Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ‡–™‘”•Ǥ
™‹”‡Ž‡••ƒ† • ›’‡•‘ˆ‡–™‘”ǣ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
ƒ„Ž‡‡–™‘”•Ǥ ȋ‹†‡”‡ƒ ‘‡ ––‘„‘–Š ƒ„Ž‡ƒ†
• ‘—‹ ƒ–‡• ‡–™‘”•Ȍǡȋ‘ ƒŽ ™‹”‡Ž‡••‡–™‘”•Ǥ
–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ”‡ƒ‡–™‘”Ȍ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
ƒ†Ǥ • ›’‡•‘ˆ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡‘ˆ‡–™‘”‹‰
• –”‘—„Ž‡•Š‘‘–• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‡†‹ƒǣ ƒ†ƒŽŽ‘™–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
•‹’Ž‡‡–™‘” ƒ„Ž‡•ǡ™‹”‡Ž‡••ǡ‘’–‹  ’”ƒ –‹•‡Ǥ
‘‡ –‹‘ ˆ‹„”‡• • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥ • ‘‡ –‹‰ƒ ‘’—–‡” ‹•–ƒŽŽƒ–‹‘ƒ†
• ‘‡ –•ƒ –‘ƒ‡–™‘” †‹• ‘‡ –‹‘‘ˆƒ
’”‹–‡”–‘ƒ • ”‘—„Ž‡•Š‘‘–‹‰ ‡–™‘” ‘’—–‡”ƒ†
‡–™‘”Ǥ •‹’Ž‡ ‘‡ –‹‘ ‘†‡Ǥ
’”‘„Ž‡• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‘‡ –‹‰ƒ† –”‘—„Ž‡•Š‘‘–‡–™‘”
‘ˆ‹‰—”‹‰ƒ’”‹–‡”–‘ ’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥ
ƒ‡–™‘”

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ••‹‰‡–•–‘•‡†‡••ƒ‰‡•–Š”‘—‰ŠǤ

• –‡”‡–”‘—–‡”
• ƒ–ƒ ƒ„Ž‡
• ‘’—–‡”
• ‘ ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ‡–™‘” ‘‡ –‹‘•

ƒœ‹ǡ ǡ ƒ‰—ƒǡ Ǥ Ƭ Œ‘‰ƒǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ ƒ•‹‰ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘

‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡͳ•–‡†Ǥƒ’ƒŽƒǡ‰ƒ†ƒǤ

‘›ƒǡ Ǥ ƒ† ›‡‘ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‡ Š‘Ž‘‰› ‹
„—•‹‡••ǡͳ•–‡†Ǥ
ƒŽ‡‡‹ǡǤǤȋͳͻͻ͹ȌǤElectronic data processing simplifiedǤǤƒŽ‡‡‹—„Ž‹•Š‡”•ǡ
ƒ‹”‘„‹ǡ‡›ƒǤ


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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸Ͳ ‘—”•

Š‡ ‘†—Ž‡ ‡“—‹’• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ™‹–Š ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† ‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡ •‹ŽŽ• ƒ† ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘
Ž‘‘ ‘—– ˆ‘” ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• „› ƒ‹’—Žƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ–—”ƒŽ ƒ† ƒǦƒ†‡ ”‡•‘—” ‡•
‹–‘„—•‹‡••Ǥ –‹•‹–‡†‡†–‘ƒ‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”†‡˜‡Ž‘’ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ƒ”‡‡”ƒ––‹–—†‡
–‘™ƒ”†•‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ•‘ˆƒ‹‰ƒŽ‹˜‹‰Ǥ – ‘˜‡”•—‹–• ‘ ‡”‹‰
”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–› ƒ† ‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ • ƒ‹‰ –Š‡ ‡˜‹”‘‡– ˆ‘” „—•‹‡•• ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•ǡ
’Žƒ‹‰ƒ„—•‹‡••ǡƒƒ‰‹‰ƒ„—•‹‡••ǡƒ†‡–”‡’”‡‡—”‹ƒŽ‡–Š‹ •Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡„—•‹‡••‹†‡ƒ•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‹†‡–‹ˆ›˜‹ƒ„Ž‡„—•‹‡••‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ ‘„‹Ž‹•‡•„—•‹‡••”‡•‘—” ‡•Ǥ
‹˜Ȍ •–ƒ”–ƒ†ƒƒ‰‡ƒ„—•‹‡••Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • –”‡’”‡‡—”ƒ† • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• †‡ˆ‹‡•‡–”‡’”‡‡—” ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•
ƒ† • Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •Ȁ“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡ „‡–™‡‡‡–”‡’”‡‡—”
‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’Ǥ •‘ˆƒ‡–”‡’”‡‡—” ƒ†‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’Ǥ
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• • ›’‡•‘ˆ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”• • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•†‹• —••‹
‘ˆƒ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”Ǥ • ‘Ž‡•‘ˆƒ ‰”‘—’•–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ ‡–”‡’”‡‡—” ‰‘‘†‡–”‡’”‡‡—”ƒ†
‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•ƒ† • –”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ ƒ‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
™Šƒ––Š‡›†‘Ǥ ’”‘ ‡•• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ • ƒ””‹‡”•–‘ ‘–Š‡–›’‡•ƒ†”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ
‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•‹ƒ ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•‹ƒ
‘—‹–›Ǥ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘—‹–›Ǥ
• †‡• ”‹„‡•  • ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡’”‘ ‡••
‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•
’”‘ ‡••Ǥ –‘ ”‡ƒ–‡„—•‹‡••Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡„ƒ””‹‡”• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡
–‘‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ „ƒ””‹‡”•–‘
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ

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‹˜‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ‰”‘—’ ™‘” –‘ †‹• —•• –Š‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ƒ† ”‘Ž‡• ‘ˆ ƒ ‰‘‘†
‡–”‡’”‡‡—”Ǥ


‘’‡†‹—•ƒ„‘—–‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•


—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Contents Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‹•–‹ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• †‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡•„‡–™‡‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–›ƒ† „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡
”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–›ƒ† ‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•„‡–™‡‡
‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘Ǥ • Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆƒ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–›ƒ†‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
• †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡’‡”•‘ • ‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••–‘
Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆƒ • ›’‡•‘ˆ‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ””›‘—–”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘–Š‡
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡’‡”•‘Ǥ • ƒ—•‡•‘ˆ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡–›’‡•ƒ† ‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡’‡”•‘•Ǥ
ƒ—•‡•‘ˆ‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘Ǥ • Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•„ƒ””‹‡”•–‘ ‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡’‡‘’Ž‡ ‘–Š‡„ƒ””‹‡”•–‘ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ† • ƒ””‹‡”•–‘ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ –Š‹‹‰Ǥ
‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘–Š‹‹‰Ǥ ƒ†‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘ • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡„‡‡ˆ‹–•‘ˆ –Š‹‹‰Ǥ †‹• —••–Š‡„‡‡ˆ‹–•‘ˆ
‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘–‘•ƒŽŽ • ‡‡ˆ‹–•‘ˆ ‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘‹„—•‹‡••
„—•‹‡••‡•Ǥ ‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘–‘•ƒŽŽ ƒ†ƒ‡ Žƒ••
• ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡•„—•‹‡•• „—•‹‡••Ǥ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
‹†‡ƒ•ˆ‘”•‡––‹‰—’ƒ • ‘—” ‡•‘ˆ„—•‹‡•• • —‹†‡ƒ„”ƒ‹•–‘”‹‰
„—•‹‡••Ǥ ‹†‡ƒ• •‡••‹‘‘–Š‡•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ
 „—•‹‡••‹†‡ƒ•Ǥ

‹Ȍ ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‹• —•• ‹ ‰”‘—’• „ƒ””‹‡”• –‘ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–› ƒ† Š‘™ –‘
‘˜‡” ‘‡–Š‡Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘‡™‘”–‘†‹• —••–Š‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆƒ‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡
’‡”•‘Ǥ

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• —•‹‡••ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡•
• ‘’‡†‹—•ƒ„‘—–‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•
• ”‡‡’—„Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ†’”‘‘–‹‘ƒŽƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•
• ‘˜‡”‡–’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•
• ‘—”ƒŽƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
• ”‘ ‡‡†‹‰•‘ˆ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡•


—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • †‡–‹ˆ›‹‰„—•‹‡•• • ••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•„—•‹‡•• ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• ‹†‡–‹ˆ›„—•‹‡••
‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•Ǥ •  ”‡‡‹‰„—•‹‡•• ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•‹–Š‡‹”
• • ”‡‡•„—•‹‡•• ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• ‘—‹–‹‡•Ǥ
‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•–‘ • ‘”•‘ˆ„—•‹‡•• • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ‡
•‡Ž‡ ––Š‡‘•– ‘™‡”•Š‹’ȋ•‘Ž‡ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ǥ ’”‘’”‹‡–‘”•Š‹’ƒ† ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†„—•‹‡••
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ˆ‘”•‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‡”•Š‹’Ȍ ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡••‘ƒ•–‘
„—•‹‡••‡•Ǥ • •–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‹‰ƒ • ”‡‡‘—––Š‡‘•–
• •‡–•—’ƒ„—•‹‡•• „—•‹‡•• ˜‹ƒ„Ž‡‘‡•Ǥ
„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹• • ‡ƒ•‘•ˆ‘”•— ‡•• • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•†‹• —••
ƒ††‡ ‹•‹‘•ƒ†‡Ǥ Ȁˆƒ‹Ž—”‡‘ˆ –Š‡”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ˆ‘”
• Ž‘‘•‘—–ˆ‘” ƒ—•‡•‘ˆ „—•‹‡••‡• •–ƒ”–‹‰—’ƒ„—•‹‡••Ǥ
„—•‹‡••‡• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
•— ‡••Ȁˆƒ‹Ž—”‡Ǥ ‘–Š‡ˆ‘”•‘ˆ„—•‹‡••
‘™‡”•Š‹’Ǥ

‹Ȍ ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•†‹• —••–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ‘”•‘ˆ„—•‹‡••‘™‡”•Š‹’Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ••‹‰‡–‘–Š‡ ƒ—•‡•‘ˆ„—•‹‡•••— ‡••ƒ†ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡Ǥ

• ‘—”ƒŽƒ”–‹ Ž‡• • ƒ”–‡”•Š‹’†‡‡†

• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• • ‡‘”ƒ†— ƒ† ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ‘ˆ
• ”‘ ‡‡†‹‰•‘ˆ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡• ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘
• —•‹‡••ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ • ‡ƒ†ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • ‘—” ‡•‘ˆ„—•‹‡•• –Š‡•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ„—•‹‡••
•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ„—•‹‡•• ‹†‡ƒ• ‹†‡ƒ•Ǥ
‹†‡ƒǤ • Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡ •ƒŽŽ• ƒŽ‡ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡
Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆ ‡–‡”’”‹•‡• Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆ•ƒŽŽ
•ƒ†–Š‡‹” • ‘—” ‡•‘ˆ ƒ’‹–ƒŽ–‘ • ƒŽ‡‡–‡”’”‹•‡•Ǥ
•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ ƒ’‹–ƒŽǤ •ƒŽŽ• ƒŽ‡ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ ‡–‡”’”‹•‡• †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ˆƒ ‡†„› • ’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ•ƒŽŽ •‘—” ‡•‘ˆ ƒ’‹–ƒŽˆ‘”
•ƒ†•‡–•–Š‡ • ƒŽ‡„—•‹‡••‡• •ƒŽŽ• ƒŽ‡‡–‡”’”‹•‡•Ǥ
”‡‡†‹‡•–‘–Š‡ • ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ˆƒ ‡†„› • ‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•Ǥ •ƒŽŽ• ƒŽ‡ ƒ••‹‰‡––‘ ƒ””›‘—–
„—•‹‡••‡•‹ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘–Š‡
‰ƒ†ƒ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ˆƒ ‡†„›
• ‡‡†‹‡•–‘–Š‡ •ƒŽŽ• ƒŽ‡‡–‡”’”‹•‡•
ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• ƒ†•—‰‰‡•–”‡‡†‹‡•
–‘–Š‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•
‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†Ǥ

”‰ƒ‹•‡ ƒ ˆ‹‡Ž† •–—†› ‘ –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ƒ† ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• ˆƒ ‡† „› •ƒŽŽ ƒ†
‡†‹—‡–‡”’”‹•‡•Ǥ

‘’‡†‹—•ƒ„‘—–‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • –”— –—”‡‘ˆƒ • ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡–‘–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ƒ‡•ƒ„—•‹‡•• „—•‹‡••’Žƒ –Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•–”— –—”‡•‘ˆ
’ŽƒǤ • •‡•‘ˆƒ„—•‹‡•• ƒ„—•‹‡••’ŽƒǤ

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ ’Žƒ • •–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†”ƒ™
‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆƒ • ‘„‹Ž‹•‹‰„—•‹‡•• ƒ„—•‹‡••’Žƒˆ‘”–Š‡‹”
„—•‹‡••’ŽƒǤ ”‡•‘—” ‡• ’”‘Œ‡ –•Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•‘ˆ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ‡
ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ’Žƒ‹‰ƒ„—•‹‡•• Žƒ••’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•‘–Š‡
‹ƒ‹‰ƒ„—•‹‡•• • ‘˜‡”‡–”‘Ž‡‹ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•‡ ‘—–‡”‡†‹
’ŽƒǤ ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ ’”‡’ƒ”‹‰ƒ„—•‹‡••
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ’ŽƒǤ
‰‘˜‡”‡–‹ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ ‘–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ‰‘˜‡”‡–
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ ‹‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’
 †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ

ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘’”‡’ƒ”‡ƒ•‹’Ž‡„—•‹‡••’ŽƒǤ

ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ„—•‹‡••’Žƒ•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • —•‹‡•• • ‡ƒ†ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘
• • ƒ•–Š‡‡˜‹”‘‡– ‡˜‹”‘‡– Š‘™–‘ƒƒ‰‡ƒ
™‹–Š‹™Š‹ Š–‘”—ƒ • —•‹‡••”‹•• „—•‹‡••‹ƒ Šƒ‰‹‰
„—•‹‡••Ǥ • —•–ƒ‹‹‰ ‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡”‹•• ‘’‡–‹–‹˜‡‡••‘ˆƒ • ˜‹–‡ƒ‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ‹•––‘
‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹ƒƒ‰‹‰ „—•‹‡•• ‰—‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡
ƒ„—•‹‡••Ǥ • ‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’ƒ† ”‹••‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹
• •‡–•‡ƒ•—”‡•–‘ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘‹ƒ „—•‹‡••ƒ†Š‘™–‘
•—•–ƒ‹ ‘’‡–‹–‹‘‹ „—•‹‡•• •—•–ƒ‹ ‘’‡–‹–‹˜‡‡••Ǥ
„—•‹‡••Ǥ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡„‡•–
• ‡šŠ‹„‹–•‰‘‘† Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’•–›Ž‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡
Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’•‹ŽŽ•–‘ Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘‡—Žƒ–‡Ǥ
’”‘‘–‡
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
„—•‹‡••’Žƒ•Ǥ

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‹˜‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ǣ
‹Ȍ ƒ••‹‰‡––‘†‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡ƒ ”‘ƒ†‹ ”‘„—•‹‡••‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ Š‘‡™‘” –‘ ƒƒŽ›•‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’ •–›Ž‡•ǡ ’‘™‡” ƒ† ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ
‡–”‡’”‡‡—”Ǥ

• —•‹‡••ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡•
• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • –”‘†— –‹‘–‘ • —‹†‡‰”‘—’
• ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡•–Š‡ ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ †‹• —••‹‘•‘–Š‡
‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ ‡–Š‹ • ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ƒ†”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ
‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ • ’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ ‡–Š‹ •‹
‡–Š‹ •Ǥ ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ ‡–Š‹ • • —‹†‡ƒ„”ƒ‹•–‘”‹‰
‡–Š‹ •‹ • –Š‹ ƒŽ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• •‡••‹‘‘‡–Š‹ ƒŽ
‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’Ǥ ˆƒ ‹‰ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ˆƒ ‹‰
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡‡–Š‹ ƒŽ ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”• ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•ƒ†Š‘™
ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ˆƒ ‹‰ • ‘Ž—–‹‘–‘‡–Š‹ ƒŽ –‘‘˜‡” ‘‡–Š‡Ǥ
‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Ǥ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡••‘Ž—–‹‘•
–‘‡–Š‹ ƒŽ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•Ǥ

ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‹• —•• ‹ ‰”‘—’• –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ƒ† ”‘Ž‡• ‘ˆ ‡–Š‹ • ‹
‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’Ǥ

• —•‹‡••ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡• • ‘˜‡”‡–’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•

• ‘’‡†‹—•ƒ„‘—– • ‘—”ƒŽƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
‡–”‡’”‡‡—”• • ‡™•’ƒ’‡”ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
• ”‡‡’—„Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ† • ”‘ ‡‡†‹‰•‘ˆ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡•
’”‘‘–‹‘ƒŽƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•

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”› ŠƒǡǤǡ‹ŽŽ‡”ǡǤƬ›†‘ǡǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ ‘˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ†ƒŽŽ—•‹‡••‡•ǡ‘ŽǤͳǤ

‘†‘ǡ‘‘‘‘—„Ž‹•Š‡”•–

”‡‰ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ‹š‹‰ƒˆ‘”ƒŽŽ—•‹‡••Ǥ‡šƒ•ǡ–”‡’”‡‡—””‡••

—”ƒ–‘ǡ ȋʹͲͲͺȌǤ Š‡ ‡”‰‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ †— ƒ–‹‘ǣ ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ

”‡†•ƒ†ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ǡͻ–Š‡†‹–‹‘Ǥ

”‹˜ƒ•–ƒ˜ƒ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ  ”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ —‹†‡ –‘ †—•–”‹ƒŽ –”‡’”‡‡—”•Ǥ ‡™ ‡ŽŠ‹ǡ
—Ž–ƒŠƒ†Ƭ‘•Ǥ

‹‘•ǡ Ǥ  Ƭ ’‹‡ŽŽ‹ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ ‡™ ‡–—”‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† –”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’

ˆ‘”–Š‡ʹͳ•–‡–—”›ǡ͸–Š‡†Ǥ‘•–‘ ”ƒ™Ǧ ‹ŽŽǤ

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹͲ ‘—”•

Š‡ ‘†—Ž‡ ‹• ‹–‡†‡† –‘ †‡˜elop the learner’s skills and abiliti‡• –‘ ”‡ƒ–‡
ƒ™ƒ”‡‡•• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‰‘‘†•Ȁ•‡”˜‹ ‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡ – •–ƒ”–‡† ‹ ‡‡•–‡” ͳǤ Š‹• •ŠƒŽŽ
‹˜‘Ž˜‡‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰–Š‡’Žƒ• ”‡ƒ–‡†‹’”‘Œ‡ –ͳƒ•–Š‡„—•‹‡••”—•Ǥ•‡”‹‡•
‘ˆ‘”‰ƒ‹•‹‰ƒ†ƒƒ‰‡‡–’”‘ ‡••‡••ŠƒŽŽ„‡ —†‡”–ƒ‡–‘‘‹–‘”ǡ ‘–”‘Ž
ƒ† ƒ‹–ƒ‹ –Š‡ †‡Ž‹˜‡”ƒ„Ž‡• ƒ• –Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡ – •–‡’• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‹˜‡–‘”‹‡•ǡ ˆ‹ƒ ‡•ǡ
ƒ Š‹‡˜‡‡–•ǡƒ†ƒŽŽ–”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘•ƒ”‡”‡ ‘”†‡†Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•’”‘Œ‡ –Ž‡˜‡Žǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍƒ’’Ž›ƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›ƒ†Ž‘„„›‹‰•‹ŽŽ•–‘‘„‹Ž‹œ‡”‡•‘—” ‡•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ †‘ —‡–ƒ––‡”•ƒ”‹•‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘’”‘ ‡••‘ˆ–Š‡
’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ ͳʹͲ ‘—”•

Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ”‡ƒ–‹‰ƒ™ƒ”‡‡•• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
• ”‡ƒ–‡•ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••‘ˆ •  “—‹”‹‰”‡•‘—” ‡• ’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘ ”‡ƒ–‡ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••
–Š‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ • ƒ‹–ƒ‹‹‰”‡ ‘”† ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡
• ’”‘˜‹†‡•–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡† ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• ’”‘†— –•Ȁ•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ
‰‘‘†•Ȁ•‡”˜‹ ‡Ǥ • ƒƒ‰‹‰–Š‡ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Šƒ
• ”‡ ‘”†•–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ – ’”‘Œ‡ – †‹• —••‹‘‘Š‘™–‘•‘—” ‡
’”‘ ‡••‡•–‘‡ƒ„Ž‡  ”‡•‘—” ‡•ˆ‘”’”‘Œ‡ –
‘’‹Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘–‹—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ˆ‹ƒŽ”‡’‘”–Ǥ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘”‡ ‘”†–Š‡
’”‘Œ‡ –’”‘ ‡••‡•Ǥ

Sample projects • ‡™•’ƒ’‡”ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•

• ‡ƒŽ‹‰™‹–Š•‘—†„‹–‡ • ‡•‹‰‹‰ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡•
• ”ƒ’Š‹ †‡•‹‰‹‰ • ‡•‹‰‹‰ ƒŽ‡†ƒ”•
• —–ƒ™ƒ› • ‡•‹‰‹‰‘––‘•ƒ†„—†‰‡•
• •‡”–•ƒ† —–Ǧ‹• • ”‡‡’—„Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ†’”‘‘–‹‘ƒŽ
• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”˜‡†‹‰ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ȋƒ†˜‡”–•ǡ„”‘ Š—”‡•ǡ
• ‘—”ƒŽƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ˆŽ›‡”•Ȍ

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶͷ ‘—”•

Š‡ ‘†—Ž‡ ‹–”‘†— ‡• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ –Š‡ ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ •‹ŽŽ• ‘ˆ ™”‹–‹‰ ˆ‘” –Š‡
‡†‹ƒƒ† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‹†—•–”›Ǥ –‹•‹–‡†‡†–‘‡ƒ„Ž‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘‡Šƒ ‡
ƒ•–‡”› ‘ˆ ™”‹––‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† †‡˜‡Ž‘’ –Š‡ •‹ŽŽ• ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ™”‹–‹‰ ˆ‘”
• ”‡‡ǡ•–ƒ‰‡ǡ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ǡƒ†ƒ›‘–Š‡”ˆ‘”‘ˆƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡‡†‹ƒǤ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ž› ’ƒ ƒ‰‡ •–‘”‹‡• ƒ† ‡†‹ƒ ‘–‡– ˆ‘” ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‡†‹ƒ
’Žƒ–ˆ‘”•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‘—‹ ƒ–‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡Ž›–‘–Š‡ƒ••ƒ—†‹‡ ‡Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͲͷ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•‡†‹ƒǤ • ‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡ ‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ‹‰ƒ†ƒ ‘ˆ‡†‹ƒǤ
Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ–”‡†‘ˆ • — –‹‘•‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†‹• —••‹‘‘
‡†‹ƒ‹‰ƒ†ƒǤ • ’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡‘ˆ
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡ • ƒ”‡‡”‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• ‡†‹ƒ‹‰ƒ†ƒǤ
ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ ‹‡†‹ƒ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
–‘–Š‡•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡Ȁˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆ
‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ ‡†‹ƒ–‘•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ
‡†‹ƒ‹•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ •  ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ†
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ ƒ”‡‡” –ƒ•–Š‡–‘†‹• —••–Š‡
‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• ƒ”‡‡”‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•
ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡‹‡†‹ƒǤ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡‹‡†‹ƒǤ

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ”‡•‡ƒ” Š™‘”–‘™”‹–‡‘–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ‹‰ƒ†ƒǤ

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• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•
• ƒ†‹‘•
• ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘•‡–
• ‘ —‡–ƒ”‹‡•
• –‡”‡–


—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ •  ‘‘’ • —‹†‡ƒ„”ƒ‹•–‘”‹‰•‡••‹‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • ‘—” ‡ ‘–Š‡–‡”•—•‡†‹–Š‡‡†‹ƒ
‘‘Ž›—•‡† • —› ƒ†–Š‡‹”‡ƒ‹‰•Ǥ
–‡”•‹‡†‹ƒǤ • ‘š’‘’ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘ ‘””‡ –Ž›
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡–‡ Š‹ ƒŽ • ‡ƒ† ƒ’’Ž›–Š‡‡›–‡ Š‹ ƒŽ–‡”•
–‡”•ƒ•—•‡†‹ • ›ǦŽ‹‡ —•‡†‹‡†‹ƒǤ
‡†‹ƒǤ • —‘–ƒ–‹‘
• ‘—†„›–‡

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘‡™‘”–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’ƒ†‘ —‡–ƒ”›‹™Š‹ Š•‘‡‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ

Œƒ”‰‘•ƒ”‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†Ǥ

• ”‹––‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•
• –‡”‡–
• ƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ–‡”•Ȁ ƒ”‰‘•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ”‹–‹‰ˆ‘”’”‹– • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡Š‘™–‘
• ™”‹–‡•‡™•ˆ‘” • ‘’›’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘’‘•‡ƒ‡™••–‘”›
’”‹–Ǥ • ”‘ƒ† ƒ•–™”‹–‹‰ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ƒ‡•ƒ ȋ™”‹–‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡‡ƒ”Ȍ –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘
’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ • ‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•„‡–™‡‡ƒ ™”‹–‡‡™•ˆ‘”’”‹–‹‰
™”‹––‡‡™•„‡ˆ‘”‡ ’”‹–ƒ†„”‘ƒ† ƒ•– ƒ†ƒ‡

88
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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
’”‹–‹‰Ǥ ‡™• ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
• ™”‹–‡•‡™•ˆ‘” • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
„”‘ƒ† ƒ•–Ǥ –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘
• ƒ‡•ƒ ™”‹–‡‡™•ˆ‘”
’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ „”‘ƒ† ƒ•–‹‰ƒ†ƒ‡
™”‹––‡‡™•„‡ˆ‘”‡ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
„”‘ƒ† ƒ•–‹‰Ǥ

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‡™•™”‹–‹‰ˆ‘”ƒ–•Ǥ

• ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ‡™•ˆ‘”’”‹–
• ƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ‡™•ˆ‘”„”‘ƒ† ƒ•–

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͲͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • „Œ‡ –‹˜‹–› • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ •  —”ƒ › ‘–Š‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ‡™•
’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ™”‹–‹‰ • ƒ‹”‡••Ƭ„ƒŽƒ ‡ ™”‹–‹‰Ǥ
‡™••–‘”‹‡•Ǥ • ––”‹„—–‹‘ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‹–Š‡
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡ • ‹’Ž‹ ‹–› ’”ƒ –‹ ‡‘ˆ™”‹–‹‰‡™•
’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•™Š‡ • ‘’Ž‡–‡‡•• •–‘”‹‡•Ǥ
™”‹–‹‰‡™••–‘”‹‡•Ǥ • —„Œ‡ –‹˜‹–›

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘ ‘’‘•‡ƒ†™”‹–‡‡™••–‘”‹‡•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ

‡™•™”‹–‹‰Ǥ

• ”‹–‹‰ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•
• ƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ™”‹––‡‡™••–‘”‹‡•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‹†ƒ’’‹‰ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• • ‡–‡ ‡ ‘–Š‡ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›
‘ˆƒ“—ƒŽ‹–›‡™• ‘•–”— –‹‘ ‡™•Ǥ
•–‘”›Ǥ • ”ƒƒ” • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ™”‹–‡•“—ƒŽ‹–›‡™• • — –—ƒ–‹‘ –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘™”‹–‡
•–‘”‹‡•Ǥ • ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Šˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‡™•ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•Ǥ

ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ™”‹–‡ ‡™• ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” Š‘‹ ‡• ƒ† ƒ‡ Žƒ••
’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

• ”‹–‹‰ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•
• ƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ‡™•ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•

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‰„‡•‡ǡǤǡȋʹͲͲͺȌǤŠ‡‡’‘”–‡”’s ‘’ƒ‹‘Ǣ‡™•™ƒ– Š‘‘•‹‹–‡†ƒ‰‘•

‘†‡”ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡƒ˜‡’‘”–ǡ ǤǤƬ”ƒ‰‡”ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ‡’‘”–‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ•• ‡†‹ƒǡ
ͺ–Š‡†‹–‹‘ǡšˆ‘”†‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••‡™‘”
‡ƒ›ƒ™—ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ȋʹͲͲͺȌǤ   –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ   ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘˜‡ƒ– ‹˜‡”•‹–›
”‡••–ƒǤ

™‡Ž—™ƒǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǤ –”‘†— –‹‘ –‘ ‹‰‡”‹ƒ ”‡•• ƒ™.ǡ ƒ”ƒƒ–Šƒ ”‡••
‹‹–‡†‹–•ŠƒǤ
‘Žƒ”‹ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤŠ‡‡•‹‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘”‹–‹‰ǡ—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǧƒ‰‘•Ǥ

—Ž‡ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ƭ †‡”•‘ǡ ǤǤ ȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ ‡™• ”‹–‹‰ ƒ† ‡’‘”–‹‰ ˆ‘” Today’•
‡†‹ƒǤ ‘•–‘ǡ ”ƒ™Ǧ ‹ŽŽ ‹‰Š‡”†— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ƒŽ‡‹ǡǤȋͳͻͻͻȌǤƒ••‡†‹ƒƒ™ǣƒ•‡•ƒ†ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•Ǥƒ‰‘•ǡ ”ƒ ‡—„Ž‹•Š‡”•
 ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡†Ǥ
‡ Š‡”ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ Mencher’s News Writing and ”‡’‘”–‹‰ǡ ͳͳ–Š ‡†Ǥ ‘•–‘ǡ
 ”ƒ™Ǧ ‹ŽŽ ‹‰Š‡”†— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‡ Š‡”ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ‡™•‡’‘”–‹‰ƒ†”‹–‹‰ǡͻ–Š‡†ǤƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǡ ”ƒ™Ǧ ‹ŽŽǤ



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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶͷ ‘—”•

Š‡ ‘†—Ž‡ ‹–”‘†— ‡• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ ‡™ ‡†‹ƒ –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ǡ —•‡• ƒ†
ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ –‹•†‡•‹‰‡†–‘Š‡Ž’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘‰ƒ‹‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ†•‹ŽŽ•–‘—•‡
‹†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‡™‡†‹ƒ’Žƒ–ˆ‘”•ˆ‘”’”‘’‡”‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘†‡Ž‹˜‡”›Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘•‘—” ‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ˆ”‘

‡™‡†‹ƒƒ†—•‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ‘”—•–‘ ‘—‹ ƒ–‡Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͷ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ • ‡ƒ†ƒ„”ƒ‹•–‘”‹‰
• †‡ˆ‹‡• ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”› ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›‡†‹ƒ •‡••‹‘‘–Š‡
‡†‹ƒǤ • ‡ƒ–—”‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‡™ †‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• ‡†‹ƒ ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›‡†‹ƒǤ
‘ˆ–Š‡‡†‹ƒǤ - †‹‰‹–ƒŽ • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ†
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡‡™ - ‹–‡”ƒ –‹˜‹–› –ƒ•–Š‡–‘†‹• —••
ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ - Š›’‡”Ǧ–‡š–—ƒŽ –Š‡ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‘ˆƒ‡™
™‘”Ǥ - ˜‹”–—ƒŽ ‡†‹ƒǤ
- ‡–™‘”‡† • —‹†‡ƒ†‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘
- •‹—Žƒ–‡† ‘–Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
–Š‡‡™ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‘ˆ
‡†‹ƒ™‘”Ǥ

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘”‡•‡ƒ” Šƒ††‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‡™‡†‹ƒ

ƒ†ƒ‡™”‹–‡Ǧ—’Ǥ

• ‡†‹ƒ‡“—‹’‡–
• ”‹––‡–‡š–
• ‰ƒ†‰‡–•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͶ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡„•‹–‡• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • ‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
‘‘Ž›—•‡† • Ž‹‡‡™•’ƒ’‡” –›’‡•‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ
–›’‡•‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ • ‹‰‹–ƒŽ‰ƒ‡• –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ
–‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ • ‹”–—ƒŽ‹Ǥ‡ǤǡˆŽƒ•Šǡ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• —•‡•‘†‡” ‡‘”›Ƭ‡š–‡”ƒŽ –Š”‘—‰Š†‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘•
–‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›–‘ †”‹˜‡• –‘’”ƒ –‹•‡–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ
†‹••‡‹ƒ–‡ • ‘’—–‡”‹–‡”ˆƒ ‡‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ‘†‡”–‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›–‘
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ›’‡ †‹••‡‹ƒ–‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ ‡™• ™”‹–‡Ǧ—’• ƒ† ’‘•– –Š‡ ‘ –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡
™‡„•‹–‡‘”•Šƒ”‡‘Šƒ–•’’Ǥ

• ‘’—–‡”
• •
• Žƒ•Š†‹••
• ‡‘”› ƒ”†•
• š–‡”ƒŽ†”‹˜‡•
• –‡”‡–

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ˜‘Ž—–‹‘‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ • ‘’ƒ”‹•‘ ‘–Š‡‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‘ˆ‡†‹ƒǤ
‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ „‡–™‡‡‡™ • ••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‡†‹ƒǤ ‡†‹ƒƒ† ‘’ƒ”‡–Š‡‡™‡†‹ƒ
• ‘’ƒ”‡•–Š‡ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ ƒ†–Š‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‡†‹ƒǤ
–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽƒ†–Š‡ • †˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ† • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‘†‡”‡†‹ƒǤ †‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ †‹• —••‹‰”‘—’•–Š‡
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ ‡™‡†‹ƒ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ†

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ • ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ˆƒ ‡†‹ †‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‡™
‡†‹ƒ–”ƒ•‹–‹‘•Ǥ ‡†‹ƒ–”ƒ•‹–‹‘ ‡†‹ƒ‘˜‡”–Š‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡• • ‘Ž‡‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ‹ ‡†‹ƒǤ
‡†‹ƒ‹ ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”› • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
‘–‡’‘”ƒ”› Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ • ‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆ ƒ—•‡†„›–Š‡‡†‹ƒ
• •‡Ž‡ –•–Š‡ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡‡†‹ƒ –”ƒ•‹–‹‘•Ǥ
ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡‡†‹ƒ •  —‹†‡ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
ˆ‘”ƒ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ”‘Ž‡‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ‹
‘–‡’‘”ƒ”› ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ –‹˜‹–›Ǥ ‹–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ ‘—–”‹‡•
Ž‹‡‰ƒ†ƒǤ

‹Ȍ ••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‹• —•• –Š‡ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡• ƒ† †‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ ‡™
‡†‹ƒǤ
‹‹Ȍ ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘‡šƒ‹‡–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ‹ ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ


• ‰ƒ†‰‡–•
• ‡†‹ƒ‡“—‹’‡–
• –‡”‡–

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ’ƒ –‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡‹’ƒ – ‡†‹ƒ‘‡™• †‹• —••–Š‡‹’ƒ –‘ˆ
‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ‘ • ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ •‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ‘‡™•
‡™•ƒ†‘ ‡†‹ƒ‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ƒ†‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•™‘”Ǥ
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•™‘”Ǥ ȋŠ‘™Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–• • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–‘–Š‡
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡••‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡ǡ‰ƒ–Š‡”ƒ† Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘™–‘—•‡
•‡”˜‹ ‡•‹ †‹•–”‹„—–‡‡™•Ȍ •‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ‹
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•™‘”•— Š • •‹‰•‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ‹ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†–ƒ•
ƒ•—’Ž‘ƒ†‹‰ƒ† Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•™‘” –Š‡–‘—’Ž‘ƒ†ƒ†
†‘™Ž‘ƒ†‹‰ ȋƒ—†‹‘ǡ˜‹†‡‘ †‘™Ž‘ƒ†‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘–‘”‡’‘”– —’Ž‘ƒ†‹‰ƒ† • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
‡™•Ǥ †‘™Ž‘ƒ†‹‰Ȍ ’”ƒ –‹•‡‡™•”‡’‘”–‹‰
• ”‡’‘”–•‡˜‡–• • ‡’‘”–‹‰ˆ”‘ —•‹‰•‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒǤ
–Š”‘—‰Š•‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒǤ •‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••–‘‰ƒ–Š‡”‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†”‡’‘”–‡™•—•‹‰•‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ
’Žƒ–ˆ‘”•Ǥ

• ‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ
• ‰ƒ†‰‡–•
• ‡†‹ƒ‡“—‹’‡–
• –‡”‡–

‡™•‘ Ƭ ‘ŽŽ‡”– ȋʹͲͲͺȌǤ ‡†‹ƒ ”‹–‹‰ǣ ”‡’ƒ”‹‰ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ••
‡†‹ƒǤ‡™‘”ǡƒ†•™‘”–Š  Ǥ

‹ŽŽ‹ƒȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ”‹–‹‰‡ŽŽǡʹ†‡†Ǥ‡™‘”ǡ ƒ”’‡”ƒ†‘™Ǥ

ƒ’ Ƭ ƒ––‡™Š‹–‡ ȋʹͲͲͺȌǤ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‡™ ‘”ǡ Ž‡ ‘‡  ”ƒ™
‹ŽŽǤ
ƒ ‘—‰ƒŽŽǡǤǤȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ –‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹˜‡‡’‘”–‹‰Ǥ‡™‘”ǡƒ ‹ŽŽƒ—„Ǥ‘Ǥ
 Ǥ
ƒ›‡ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǣ ˆ‘” ‡”•‘ƒŽ ƒ† ”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ
‘–‡š–ǤǡŽƒ”—„Ž‹•Š‹‰Ǥ
‹‡”ǡ ”–Š—” ȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ ƒ†‹‘ Ƭ Ǣ ‡™• †‹–‹‰ ƒ† ”‹–‹‰Ǥ ǡ ”‘™
—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
›†‡ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲͲȌǤ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ƒ†ƒ†‹‘‘— ‹‰Ǥ‡™‘”ǡ”‡–‹ ‡ ƒŽŽǤ
’ƒǡŠƒ”Ž‡•ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ‘—†ƒ†‹‰Š–‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ—‰—ǡ”‹œ‡Ǥ—„Ž‹•Š‡”•

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 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN JOURNALISM & MEDIA STUDIES

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶͷ ‘—”•

Š‹• ‘†—Ž‡ ‹–”‘†— ‡• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ –Š‡ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– Žƒ™•ǡ ’‘Ž‹ ‹‡• ƒ† ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘•
‰‘˜‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ‡†‹ƒ •‡ –‘”Ǥ – •ŠƒŽŽ ‡“—‹’ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ™‹–Š ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ
—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ǡ ƒ† ƒƒŽ›–‹ ƒŽ •‹ŽŽ• ”‡“—‹”‡† ‹ †‡ƒŽ‹‰ ™‹–Š Ž‡‰ƒŽ ‹••—‡•
‡ ‘—–‡”‡†‹Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ••‡†‹ƒǡƒ†–Š‡”‡’‡” —••‹‘•‘ˆƒ›˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ †‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡ƒ–—”‡ƒ† ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆ‡†‹ƒŽƒ™Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‡šŠ‹„‹–‡–Š‹ ƒŽ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”‡š’‡ –‡†‘ˆƒŒ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–Ǥ
iii) ƒ’’Ž›‡†‹ƒŽƒ™‹†‡Ž‹˜‡”‹‰Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ••‡†‹ƒ•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ƒ† • ƒ••–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•Žƒ™Ǥ ƒ–—”‡‘ˆŽƒ™‹ †‡ˆ‹‡Žƒ™Ǥ
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ ‰ƒ†ƒ • ‡ƒ†ƒ„”ƒ‹•–‘”‹‰
Žƒ™‹ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ • —”’‘•‡‘ˆŽƒ™ •‡••‹‘‘–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ • ‘—” ‡•‘ˆŽƒ™‹ Žƒ™Ǥ
Žƒ™‹‰ƒ†ƒǤ ‰ƒ†ƒ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ • ›’‡•Ȁ Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘–Š‡•‘—” ‡•ƒ†–›’‡•‘ˆ
Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ ‘ˆŽƒ™ Žƒ™‹‰ƒ†ƒǤ
‰ƒ†ƒŽƒ™•Ǥ • —ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ‰‘‘† • ˜‹–‡ƒƒ‰‹•–”ƒ–‡–‘
• „•‡”˜‡•–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• Žƒ™ ‰—‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡
‘ˆ‰‘‘†Žƒ™Ǥ • ‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹‡•—•‡† “—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ‰‘‘†Žƒ™ǡƒ†
• ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡”‹‰Š–‡†‹ƒ ‹‡†‹ƒŽƒ™ –Š‡–‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹‡•–‘„‡
–‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹‡•Ǥ  —•‡†‹‡†‹ƒŽƒ™Ǥ

ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆŽƒ™ƒ•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‹Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ••
‡†‹ƒǤ

• ‘•–‹–—–‹‘‘ˆ‰ƒ†ƒ
• ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ••‡†‹ƒ•–ƒ†‹‰‘”†‡”•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • Š‡ ‘•–‹–—–‹‘‘ˆ •  —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡ ‰ƒ†ƒͳͻͻͷ –Š”‘—‰Š†‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
”‡“—‹”‡‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡ • Ž‡ –”‘‹ ‡†‹ƒ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ
‘•–‹–—–‹‘™Š‡ •–ƒ–—–‡ͳͻͻ͸ȋ – Žƒ™Ǥ
’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰‡†‹ƒ ͳͻͻ͹Ȍ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š”‘—‰Š ƒ•‡
™‘”Ǥ • ‡ƒŽ ‘†‡ •–—†‹‡•ǡŠ‘™–‘ƒ’’Ž›
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•ƒŽŽ–Š‡ • Š‡–‹Ǧ–‡””‘”‹• ‡†‹ƒŽƒ™Ǥ
”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡†‹ƒŽƒ™•  –ʹͲͲʹ
‹‡†‹ƒ’”ƒ –‹ ‡Ǥ • ‘’—–‡”‹•—•‡ƒ –
 • ‘”‘‰”ƒ’Š›„‹ŽŽ
• —„Ž‹ ‘”†‡”
ƒƒ‰‡‡–„‹ŽŽ

•‡ ƒ•‡•–—†‹‡•–‘ƒ••‡••–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡†‹ƒŽƒ™Ǥ

• ‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Žƒ™•ƒ†ƒ –•
• ‘•–‹–—–‹‘‘ˆ‰ƒ†ƒ
• ƒ•‡•–—†‹‡•
• ƒ•– ƒ•‡•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͷ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‘—”–•›•–‡ƒ† • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡•–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ Š‹‡”ƒ” Š› „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡’‘™‡”•
’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† • ‘’‘•‹–‹‘ƒ† ƒ†Œ—”‹•†‹ –‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ Š
‹Šƒ†Ž‹‰„—•‹‡•• Œ—”‹•†‹ –‹‘‘ˆ ‘—”–Ǥ
‹••—‡•Ǥ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘—”–• • ˜‹–‡ƒ ‘—”–ƒ‰‹•–”ƒ–‡
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡ –‘‰‹˜‡ƒ–ƒŽ–‘–Š‡
‘’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘—”–•ƒ† ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†‹
–Š‡’‘™‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‹” Šƒ†Ž‹‰ ƒ•‡•Ǥ
Œ—”‹•†‹ –‹‘•Ǥ

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‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ•–‘‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡ ‘—”–•›•–‡ƒ†Š‹‡”ƒ” Š›‹‰ƒ†ƒǤ

• ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒ†Žƒ™•‘ˆ‰ƒ†ƒ
• Š‡‘ ƒŽ ‘˜‡”‡– –

—”ƒ–‹‘ͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• †‡ˆ‹‡•ˆˆ‡ ‡Ǥ ‘ˆˆ‡ ‡ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ • ›’‡•‘ˆ‘ˆˆ‡ ‡• †‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ‘ˆˆ‡ ‡•Ǥ
‡†‹ƒ”‡Žƒ–‡†‘ˆˆ‡ ‡•Ǥ • ƒ—•‡•‘ˆ‘ˆˆ‡ ‡• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ ƒ—•‡•‘ˆ • ƒ‰‡”•‘ˆ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡–›’‡•
‡†‹ƒ”‡Žƒ–‡†‘ˆˆ‡ ‡•Ǥ ‘ˆˆ‡ ‡• ƒ† ƒ—•‡•‘ˆ‘ˆˆ‡ ‡•
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ • ‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‹Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ••
‘ˆˆ‡ ‡•‘–Š‡‡†‹ƒ ‘ˆˆ‡ ‡• ‡†‹ƒǤ
ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ†–Š‡ ‘—–”›Ǥ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• •‡–•‡ƒ•—”‡•–‘ ‘–”‘Ž †‹• —••‹‰”‘—’•–Š‡
ƒ –‹‘•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‘ˆˆ‡•‹˜‡Ǥ †ƒ‰‡”•‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ
”‡Žƒ–‡†‘ˆˆ‡ ‡•ƒ†
•—‰‰‡•–‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘
‡ƒ•—”‡•Ǥ


”‘˜‹†‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ™‹–Š ƒ•‡ •–—†› ‘ˆ ‘‹––‡† ‘ˆˆ‡ ‡• ƒ† –ƒ• –Š‡ –‘
ƒ†˜‹•‡–Š‡’ƒ”–‹‡•‹˜‘Ž˜‡†ǡ“—‘–‹‰”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– ƒ•‡•ˆ‘””‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡Ǥ

• šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ‘ˆˆ‡•‡•
• ƒ•– ƒ•‡•

98
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—”ƒ–‹‘ͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•†‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘Ǥ †‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ
• ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•†‡ˆƒƒ–‘”› • ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•‘ˆ †‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘Ǥ
•–ƒ–‡‡–•Ǥ †‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘ • ƒ‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•‹••—‡•‘ˆ • ‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•‘ˆ†‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘ƒ†
†‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘Ǥ ƒ•‡• †‹• —••–Š‡‹”Ž‡‰ƒŽ‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ • ‡‰ƒŽ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ ƒ•‡•‘ˆ†‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘Ǥ
†‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘Ǥ †‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘•—‰‰‡•––Š‡
• •‡‡•”‡‡†›ˆ‘” • ‡‡†‹‡•–‘ ’‘••‹„Ž‡”‡‡†‹‡•–‘ ƒ•‡•‘ˆ
†‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘Ǥ †‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘ †‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘Ǥ


‹˜‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ•‡• ‘ˆ †‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘ –‘ ƒƒŽ›•‡ ƒ† †‹• —•• –Š‡‹” ‹’ƒ – –‘ –Š‡
’ƒ”–‹‡•Ǥ

• ƒ’Ž‡ ƒ•‡‘ˆ†‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘
• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•ˆ‘”Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ –‹‘‘†‡ˆƒƒ–‹‘

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategy
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‘˜‡”‡– ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ Ǧ ‰ƒ†ƒ ‘–Š‡‡›ƒ –‘”‹–Š‡
‹•–‹–—–‹‘•–Šƒ– ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘• ‡†‹ƒƒ†–Š‡‹””‘Ž‡•Ǥ
‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ǡ”‡‰—Žƒ–‡ǡ ‘‹••‹‘ 
ƒ†‰—‹†‡–Š‡‡†‹ƒ Ǧ ‰ƒ†ƒ‡†‹ƒ‘— ‹Ž
‹†—•–”›Ǥ Ǧ ‰ƒ†ƒ‡†‹ƒ‡–”‡
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡• • ”‹˜ƒ–‡Ƭ’—„Ž‹ ‡†‹ƒ
’Žƒ›‡†„›‡ƒ Š‡› Š‘—•‡•
ƒ –‘”‹–Š‡‡†‹ƒ • ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–•
ƒˆˆƒ‹”•Ǥ • ”ƒ‹‹‰‹•–‹–—–‹‘•
 • ‘Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‡›
ƒ –‘”•‹–Š‡‡†‹ƒ

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ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ƒ””› ‘—– ‰”‘—’ †‹• —••‹‘• –‘ ƒƒŽ›•‡ –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ –‘”•‹‡†‹ƒǤ

• ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒ†Žƒ™•‘ˆ‰ƒ†ƒ
• Šƒ”–‘ˆ‡›ƒ –‘”•

‘‘”‡ǡǤǤȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ‡†‹ƒƒ™ƒ†–Š‹ •ǡͷ–Š†‹–‹‘
—•–‹‡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ  ‡†‹ƒ ƒ™ ƒ†„‘‘ ‘ˆ ƒ•–‡” ˆ”‹ ƒ ‘Ž—‡ ʹǢ ‘”ƒ†
—„Ž‹•Š‹‰– ‘Šƒ‡•„—”‰Ǥ


100
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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸Ͳ ‘—”•

Š‡ ‘†—Ž‡ ‹• †‡•‹‰‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• •‡‡‹‰ –‘ ‰‡– ƒ “—ƒ‹–‡† ™‹–Š
’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š›Ǥ –•ŠƒŽŽ‡“—‹’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”™‹–Š•‹ŽŽ•‘ˆ–ƒ‹‰ƒ†’”‘†— ‹‰’‹ –—”‡•
ˆ‘” ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǣ ‡š’Ž‘”‹‰ ‘—‹–‹‡• ƒ† –‡ŽŽ‹‰ ‡™• •–‘”‹‡• –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡
‡†‹—‘ˆ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š›Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ™ƒŽ–‘’Žƒ ‡•ƒ†‡š’Ž‘”‡‡˜‡–•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‘’‡”ƒ–‡ƒ ƒ‡”ƒƒ†–ƒ‡’‹ –—”‡•Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ ƒƒŽ›•‡ƒ† ”‹–‹“—‡’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š•Ǥ
‹˜Ȍ ‡†‹–’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š•Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
• †‡ˆ‹‡• ’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ • ˜‘Ž—–‹‘‘ˆ ‡ƒ‹‰ƒ†‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘
• –”ƒ •–Š‡‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹ ‘ˆ’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹
‘ˆ’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•‹ ‰ƒ†ƒ ‰ƒ†ƒǤ
‰ƒ†ƒǤ • ‹‰Š–•ƒ† • —‹†‡ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡”‹‰Š–• ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ –Š‡”‹‰Š–•ƒ†
ƒ†”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡• ’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•– ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ
‘ˆƒ’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–Ǥ • –Š‹ •‹ ’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–Ǥ
• ‡šŠ‹„‹–•–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡† ’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‡–Š‹ •‹ • ’ƒ –‘ˆ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š• †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡‡–Š‹ ƒŽ
’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ ‹•‘ ‹‡–› ‘†‡‘ˆ ‘†— –
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡‹’ƒ – ”‡“—‹”‡†‹
‘ˆ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š•‹ ’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ
•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
ƒ””›‘—–”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘
–Š‡‹’ƒ –‘ˆ
’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š•‹•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ

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••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘ ƒ””›‘—–‰”‘—’”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡•‹–Š‡’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š›

‹†—•–”›ƒ† ‘’‹Ž‡”‡’‘”–•ˆ‘”’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘–‘ Žƒ••Ǥ

• ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š•
• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•ˆ‘”’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ›’‡•‘ˆ ƒ‡”ƒ• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ • Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‘–Š‡–›’‡•ƒ†
ƒ‡”ƒ•Ǥ ƒ‡”ƒ• Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ƒ‡”ƒ•Ǥ
• Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡• ƒ‡”ƒ•Ǥ • —ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ ƒ‡”ƒ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• ˆ‘”’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•
‘ˆƒ ƒ‡”ƒ•—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ ™‘”Ǥ ‘ˆƒ’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•
ˆ‘”Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• • ƒ”–•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ‡”ƒ ƒ‡”ƒǤ
’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š›Ǥ ƒ†ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆ‡ƒ Š • Š‘™–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š‡
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡’ƒ”–•‘ˆ ’ƒ”– †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’ƒ”–•‘ˆ–Š‡
–Š‡’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• • ‡ Š‹“—‡•‘ˆ—•‹‰ƒ ƒ‡”ƒƒ†–ƒ•–Š‡–‘
ƒ‡”ƒƒ†–Š‡‹” ƒ‡”ƒ ‹†‡–‹ˆ›–Š‡‹”’—”’‘•‡•Ǥ
ˆ— –‹‘•Ǥ • †˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ† • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•–Š‡ †‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆƒ –Š”‘—‰Š†‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘
–‡ Š‹“—‡•ˆ‘”—•‹‰ƒ ƒ‡”ƒ ‘ˆ–Š‡–‡ Š‹“—‡•ˆ‘”
ƒ‡”ƒ–‘ —•‹‰ƒ ƒ‡”ƒǤ
’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’ŠǤ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•†‹• —••
• †‹• —••‡•–Š‡ ‹‰”‘—’•–Š‡ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•
ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ† ƒ††‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆƒ
†‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆƒ ƒ‡”ƒǤ
ƒ‡”ƒǤ

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••–Š‡ǣ
‹Ȍ ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’ƒ”–•‘ˆƒ ƒ‡”ƒǤ
‹‹Ȍ “—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ ƒ‡”ƒˆ‘”’Š‘–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•™‘”Ǥ


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• ‹ˆˆ‡”‡–“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š•
• ƒ‡”ƒ
• ‘’—–‡”

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‹ –—”‡‹†‡ƒ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• †‡˜‡Ž‘’•–Š‡‹†‡ƒ • ”‡’ƒ”‹‰–‘–ƒ‡’‹ –—”‡• „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡”‡ƒ•‘•
–‘–ƒ‡’‹ –—”‡•Ǥ • ƒ –‘”•–‘ ‘•‹†‡”™Š‡ ™Š›’‡‘’Ž‡–ƒ‡
• ”‡’ƒ”‡•–‘–ƒ‡ –ƒ‹‰’‹ –—”‡•ȋ’Žƒ ‡ǡ ’‹ –—”‡•Ǥ
’‹ –—”‡•Ǥ ’—”’‘•‡ǡ’‡‘’Ž‡Ȍ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
• ƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ • ‡™•˜ƒŽ—‡• ’”‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘•‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹
ˆƒ –‘”•–Šƒ– –ƒ‹‰’‹ –—”‡•Ǥ
‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡–Š‡ • —‹†‡ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘
†‡ ‹•‹‘–‘–ƒ‡ –Š‡ˆƒ –‘”•–Šƒ–‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡
’‹ –—”‡•Ǥ –Š‡–ƒ‹‰‘ˆ’‹ –—”‡•Ǥ
• •‡•’‹ –—”‡•–‘ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –
ƒ††˜ƒŽ—‡–‘–Š‡ ‘ˆ’‹ –—”‡•‘–Š‡‡™•Ǥ
‡™•Ǥ

ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‹• —•• ˆƒ –‘”• –Šƒ– •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† ™Š‡ –ƒ‹‰
’‹ –—”‡•ˆ‘”’—„Ž‹  ‘•—’–‹‘Ǥ

• ƒ’Ž‡’‹ –—”‡•
• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•ˆ‘”–ƒ‹‰’‹ –—”‡•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͺ ‘—”•
Competence Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ›’‡•‘ˆ’‹ –—”‡• • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•„”ƒ‹•–‘”
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–›’‡• • ‘—” ‡•‘ˆ’‹ –—”‡• –Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––›’‡•ƒ†
ƒ†•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ • ‘™‡”‘ˆ’‹ –—”‡• •‘—” ‡•‘ˆ’‹ –—”‡•Ǥ
’‹ –—”‡•Ǥ • —ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ‰‘‘† • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•†‹• —••–Š‡

103

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Competence Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡’‘™‡” ’‹ –—”‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ’‹ –—”‡•‹
‘ˆ’‹ –—”‡•‹ - ‹ƒ‰‡•Šƒ”’‡•• Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ǥ - ‘–‡– • ‹•’Žƒ›•ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ’‹ –—”‡•
• ‡šƒ‹‡•–Š‡ - ‘’‘•‹–‹‘ ˆ‘”–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• ‘˜‡”
“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ‰‘‘† - •—„Œ‡ – –Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ‰‘‘†
’‹ –—”‡Ǥ • ‹ –—”‡–ƒ‹‰ƒ† ’‹ –—”‡•Ǥ
• †‡˜‡Ž‘’•“—ƒŽ‹–› ’”‘ ‡•• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
’‹ –—”‡•Ǥ  ’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘’”‘ ‡••’‹ –—”‡•
ˆ‘”’—„Ž‹ ˜‹‡™‹‰Ǥ

ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘–ƒ‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•’‹ –—”‡•ƒ† ‘’ƒ”‡–Š‡‹”“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‹”‡‰ƒ”†–‘

’—„Ž‹ †‹•’Žƒ›Ǥ

• ƒ’Ž‡’‹ –—”‡•
• ƒ‡”ƒ
• ‘’—–‡”

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͺ ‘—”•
Competence Content Teaching and Learning
Strategy
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”—•‡•–Š‡ • ‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
˜ƒ”‹‘—••‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡–‘ • †‘„‡’Š‘–‘Ǧ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘—•‡•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡–‘
†‡˜‡Ž‘’ƒ†’”‘ ‡•• •Š‘’• ’”‘†— ‡’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š•Ǥ
’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š•Ǥ • Š‘–‘
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
• ”‹–‹‰ ƒ’–‹‘•
• ”‹–‹‰

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘–ƒ‡ǡ‡†‹–ǡƒ†’”‘†— ‡’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š•—•‹‰–Š‡•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ǥ

• ƒ’Ž‡’‹ –—”‡• • ƒ‡”ƒ

• ”‘ ‡••‹‰•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ • ‘’—–‡”

104
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”‘‘•ǡǤet al.ȋͳͻͻ͸ȌǤ‡™•‡’‘”–‹‰ƒ†”‹–‹‰.‡™‘”ǡ–ǤMartin’s”‡••

‡™‹––ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͷȌǤ ”‹–‹‰ ˆ‘” ”‘ƒ† ƒ•– ‡™•. (ʹ† †ǤȌǤ ‘†‘ǡ ƒ›ˆ‹‡Ž†
—„Ž‹•Š‹‰‘’ƒ›Ǥ

‡ŽŽ‡”ǡ Ǥ Ƭ ƒ™‹•ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ ‡™• – ƒ†„‘‘ ˆ‘” ™”‹–‹‰ǡ
‡’‘”–‹‰ǡ Š‘‘–‹‰ ƒ† †‹–‹‰Ǥ  ‘––•†ƒŽ‡ǡ ”‹œ‘ƒǡ ‘Ž ‘„ ƒ–Š™ƒ›
—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
™‘†—ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ”ƒ –‹ ‡ǣ ‡™•ǡ ‡•–Š‡–‹ •ǡ –Š‹ • ƒ† ƒ™•Ǥ
—‰—ǡŠ› ‡‡”‡š—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
O’Donell,Ǥǡ‡‘‹–ǡ‘†‡”ǤƬƒ†‹‘ ƒ—•ƒǡ”‘†— –‹‘ǡ ʹ†   ‡†‹–‹‘Ǥ
ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǡƒ†•™‘”–Š—„Ž‹•Š‹‰
‘’ƒ›Ǥ
‰ƒ†‡ǡ Ǥ  ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ”‘ƒ† ƒ•– ”‘‰”ƒ‡ ”‹–‹‰ ƒ† ”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ ƒ—”†‹ǡ •ƒ
‘†”‹–‡”•Ǥ
Š‹–‡ǡǤȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ”‘ƒ† ƒ•–‡™•”‹–‹‰ǡ‡’‘”–‹‰ƒ†”‘†— –‹‘ǡʹ†‡†‹–‹‘ǡ
‘ ƒŽ”‡••‘•–‘Ǥ







105

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶͷ ‘—”•

Š‡‘†—Ž‡‹–”‘†— ‡•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘–Š‡„ƒ•‹  ‘ ‡’–•‘ˆƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ǤŠ‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”

™‹ŽŽƒ “—‹”‡•‹ŽŽ•–‘ƒ”‡–ƒ†•‡ŽŽ‰‘‘†•ǡ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡ‹ƒ‰‡•ǡƒ†‹†‡ƒ•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡
Šƒ‡Ž‘ˆ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†’‡”•—ƒ•‹‘Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ †‡•‹‰ƒ†˜‡”–•ƒ†‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡’”‘ ‡••Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ •‡Ž‡ –ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‡†‹—Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡’”‘†— –•ǡ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡ‘”‹†‡ƒ•Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competence Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ǥ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰
• Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡• • Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ƒ† Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ǥ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ǥ
• Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • ’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ †‹• —••–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ǥ • †˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ† ‘ˆƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ǥ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ †‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ†
ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ† ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ ƒ••‹‰–Š‡–‘†‹• —••
†‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ • Žƒ›‡”•‹–Š‡ –Š‡ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ†
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ǥ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‹†—•–”› †‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡‡› ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ǥ
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰’Žƒ›‡”• • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
‹–Š‡‡†‹ƒ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡‡›
‹†—•–”›Ǥ ’Žƒ›‡”•‹ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰
ƒ†•–ƒ–‡–Š‡‹””‘Ž‡•Ǥ

••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‹• —•• ƒ† ƒ‡ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• ‘ –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ǥ

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• ”‹––‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•
• ƒ’Ž‡ƒ†˜‡”–•


—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͻ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡™•’ƒ’‡”ƒ†• • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • ƒ†‹‘ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ ‹†‡–‹ˆ›ƒ††‹• —••–Š‡
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ • ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ –‡ Š‹“—‡•—•‡†ˆ‘”
–‡ Š‹“—‡•Ǥ • ‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒƒ”‡–‹‰ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ǥ
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– • ‘‘”Šƒ‰‡”•ƒ†ˆŽ›‡”• • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ • —„Ž‹ •’‡ƒ‹‰ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•‘‡‘ˆ
–‡ Š‹“—‡•–‘ ”‡ƒ–‡ • ‘„‹Ž‡ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ –Š‡ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰
ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ƒ† • –‡”‡–ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ –‡ Š‹“—‡•–Š‡›Šƒ˜‡
•—•–ƒ‹†‡ƒ†ˆ‘” • ƒ†™ƒ‰‘ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ •‡‡Ǥ
’”‘†— –•‘”•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ

••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ƒ Š‘‡™‘” –‘ ƒ””› ‘—– ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‘ –Š‡ –‡ Š‹“—‡• —•‡† –‘
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‰‘‘†•ƒ†•‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡƒ†ƒ‡ Žƒ••’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

• ”‹––‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•
• ƒ’Ž‡ƒ†˜‡”–•
• –‡”‡–

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ • ”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡–›’‡• ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‡†‹ƒ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ǥ
ƒ†”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ • ›’‡•‘ˆƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‡†‹ƒǤ ‡†‹ƒ –Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––›’‡•‘ˆ
• ‰—‹†‡•‘–Š‡ • ƒ –‘”• ‘•‹†‡”‡† ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‡†‹ƒǤ
’”‘’‡”•‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆ ‹ Š‘‘•‹‰ • ‡ƒ†ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‡†‹ƒǤ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‡†‹— ˆƒ –‘”• ‘•‹†‡”‡†™Š‡

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
• ‘Ž‡•‘ˆƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ Š‘‘•‹‰ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‡†‹ƒǤ
• ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••
–Š‡”‘Ž‡•‘ˆƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰
‡†‹ƒǤ

••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ƒ””› ‘—– ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ –‘”• ‘•‹†‡”‡† ‹ Š‘‘•‹‰
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‡†‹—ƒ†–Š‡”‘Ž‡•‹–’Žƒ›•‹•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ

• ”‹––‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•
• ƒ’Ž‡ƒ†˜‡”–•
• –‡”‡–

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆƒ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡ ‰‘‘†ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡– ‘–Š‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆƒ
Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆƒ • ”‘ ‡••‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹‰ ‰‘‘†ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡–Ǥ
‰‘‘†ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡–Ǥ ƒƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡– • ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡’”‘ ‡••‘ˆ
• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡† • ‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰˜‹•—ƒŽ ”‡ƒ–‹‰ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡–•Ǥ
’”‘ ‡†—”‡‘ˆ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡– • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰–‘’”‘‘–‡ • ‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ƒ—†‹‘ –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘
’”‘†— –•ƒ†•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡– †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†‹ƒǡ˜‹•—ƒŽƒ†
• †‡˜‡Ž‘’•ƒ—†‹‘ǡ˜‹•—ƒŽǡ • ‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰‡†‹ƒ ƒ—†‹‘ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡–•Ǥ
ƒ†‡†‹ƒ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡– • ƒ‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡–•Ǥ • ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘•‹ –Š‡”‡“—‹”‡‡–•–‘
• ƒ†Š‡”‡•–‘–Š‡ †‹••‡‹ƒ–‹‰ƒ ‘•‹†‡”ˆ‘”
”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ˆ‘” ƒ†˜‡”– †‹••‡‹ƒ–‹‰
†‹••‡‹ƒ–‹‰ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡–•Ǥ
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡–Ǥ

‹˜‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –ƒ•• –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ ‡†‹ƒǡ ˜‹•—ƒŽ ƒ† ƒ—†‹‘ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡–• ˆ‘” ƒ
‰‹˜‡’”‘†— –‘”•‡”˜‹ ‡Ǥ

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• ƒ’Ž‡ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡–•
• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•ˆ‘”†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰˜‹•—ƒŽǡƒ—†‹‘ǡƒ†‡†‹ƒƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡–•



—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•ƒŽ‡• •ƒŽ‡• „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰
• ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡•–Š‡’—”’‘•‡ • —”’‘•‡‘ˆ•ƒŽ‡• ‘ˆ•ƒŽ‡•Ǥ
ˆ‘”•ƒŽ‡•’”‘‘–‹‘Ǥ ’”‘‘–‹‘ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡–‡”‹‡•–Š‡ • ‡ Š‹“—‡•‘ˆ †‹• —••–Š‡’—”’‘•‡•ƒ†
–‡ Š‹“—‡ƒ†‡†‹— •ƒŽ‡•’”‘‘–‹‘ –‡ Š‹“—‡•‘ˆ•ƒŽ‡•
‘ˆ’”‘‘–‹‰•ƒŽ‡•Ǥ • ‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• ’”‘‘–‹‘Ǥ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• „‡–™‡‡ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
„‡–™‡‡ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ƒ† ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ƒ† †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡„‡–™‡‡
•ƒŽ‡•’”‘‘–‹‘Ǥ ’”‘‘–‹‘ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ƒ†
• ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡•–Š‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘• • ‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•–‘ ’”‘‘–‹‘Ǥ
–‘•ƒŽ‡•’”‘‘–‹‘Ǥ •ƒŽ‡•’”‘‘–‹‘ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•†‹• —••‹
• •‡Ž‡ –•ƒ†—•‡• ‰”‘—’•–Š‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•–‘
ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡–‡ Š‹“—‡• •ƒŽ‡•’”‘‘–‹‘Ǥ
‹•ƒŽ‡•’”‘‘–‹‘Ǥ • ˜‹–‡•ƒŽ‡•’”‘‘–‡”•–‘
‡Ž‹‰Š–‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘
•ƒŽ‡•’”‘‘–‹‘Ǥ

‹˜‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –ƒ•• –‘ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ –Š‡ –‡ Š‹“—‡• ˆ‘” ’”‘‘–‹‰ ‰‘‘†• ƒ†
•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ

• ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•‘•ƒŽ‡•’”‘‘–‹‘
• ‹ ”‘’Š‘‡
• ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘
• ƒ†‹‘
• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•


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Ž–•–‹‡ŽǡǤƒ† ‡ƒǤ ǤǡȋʹͲͳʹȌǤ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ǣ–”ƒ–‡‰›ǡ‘’›ǡƒ†‡•‹‰Ǣ

Š‹”††‹–‹‘ǡ —„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ  Ǥ
‡Ž ŠƬ‡Ž ŠǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ƭ”‘‘–‹‘ǡͷ–Š‡†‹–‹‘Ǣ ”ƒ™ ‹ŽŽƒ–ƒ
ƒŠ‡†”ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ǧ‘ ‡’–Ƭƒ•‡•ǡ ”ƒ™ ‹ŽŽ
ƒ–ƒǤ
‹ Šƒ‡ŽǡǤȋʹͲͲͻȌǤƒ— ŠǨ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ƒ†”‘‘–‹‘‹‡ƒŽ‹‡Ǣƒ›Ž‘”
‘—†ƒ–‹‘ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒǤ
ƒ””›ǡǤȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤŠ‡†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‘ ‡’–‘‘ǣ‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒƒ†‘”‡Ǣ͵”†
†‹–‹‘ǡŠƒ‡•Ƭ —†•‘—„Ž‹•Š‡”•–‘†‘Ǥ
‹˜‹•ǡǤǡȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ‹š‡†‡†‹ƒǣ‘”ƒŽ‹•–‹ –‹‘•‹†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ǡ—„Ž‹ ‡Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ
ƒ† ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ʹ††‹–‹‘Ǣ‘—–Ž‡†‰‡–—‰‡‡Ǥ

110
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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹͲ ‘—”•

Š‹•‘†—Ž‡‹•‹–‡†‡†–‘‡ƒ„Ž‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘‹’”‘˜‡‘–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•
ƒ†‡š’ƒ†–Š‡™‘”„ƒ•‡Ǥ –™‹ŽŽ‹˜‘Ž˜‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹‘—••‹ŽŽ•–‘ƒ††˜ƒŽ—‡
–‘–Š‡’”‘†— –•Ȁ•‡”˜‹ ‡•”‡†‡”‡†Ǥ

› –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‹• ’”‘Œ‡ – Ž‡˜‡Žǡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ‡šŠ‹„‹– •‹ŽŽ• ‘ˆ ƒ
‹†‡’‡†‡– ’Žƒ‡”ǡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ –Š‹‡” ƒ† Ž‹ˆ‡Ž‘‰ ‹‘˜ƒ–‘” ƒ’ƒ„Ž‡ ‘ˆ •‡––‹‰ —’
‘™’”‘Œ‡ –•Ǥ

Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ Sample projects • ‘‹–‘”–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –
• ‹’”‘˜‡• • ƒ†‹‘’”‘†— –‹‘ ’”‘‰”‡••Ǥ
’”‘†— –Ȁ•‡”˜‹ ‡ • ‡™•™”‹–‹‰ • —’‡”˜‹•‡–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ
“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ • —„Ž‹ •’‡ƒ‹‰‘‡˜‡–• ”‡•‘—” ‡•Ǥ
• †‹˜‡”•‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • ‹†‡‘’”‘†— –‹‘ƒ†ˆ‹Ž• 
‡š‹•–‹‰ • ‡™•’ƒ’‡”ƒ†ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡
’”‘†— –•Ȁ•‡”˜‹ ‡• ’”‘†— –‹‘
–‘‡š’ƒ†–Š‡ • Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š‹‰
’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ • ‡•‹‰‹‰ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡–•ǡ
• ’”‘˜‹†‡• „”‘ Š—”‡•ǡˆŽ›‡”•
‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ • ‡ƒŽ‹‰‹‡†‹ƒ
—•–‘‡” ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡“—‹’‡–ƒ†–‘‘Ž•




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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͹ͷ ‘—”•

Š‹• ‘†—Ž‡ ‹–”‘†— ‡• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ –Š‡ ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ• ‘ˆ –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›
ƒ† Š‘™ –Š‡ „”‘ƒ† ƒ•– ‹†—•–”› ™‘”•Ǥ Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ™‹ŽŽ ƒ “—‹”‡ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ƒ†
–‡ Š‹“—‡•–‘ ”‡ƒ–‡–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘’”‘‰”ƒ‡•ƒ†‘˜‡” ‘‡ ‘‘Ž›‡ ‘—–‡”‡†
’”‘„Ž‡•‹–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ †‡•‹‰ƒ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘•–—†‹‘Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ”‡ ‘”†Ž‹˜‡–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘–‘Ž‹˜‡˜‹†‡‘–ƒ’‡•Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ ƒ””›‘—–ˆ‹Ž•Š‘‘–‹‰ƒ†‡†‹–‹‰Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶ ‘—”•
Competence Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ˜‡”˜‹‡™‘ˆ • —‹†‡ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
• –”ƒ •–Š‡Š‹•–‘”› –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡‘ˆ
‘ˆ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘‹ ’”‘†— –‹‘ –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘‹‰ƒ†ƒǤ
‰ƒ†ƒǤ • ‹•–‘”›‘ˆ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•Œƒ”‰‘• ‹‰ƒ†ƒ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘
ƒ†–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ • ƒ”‰‘•ƒ† ‘ˆ–Š‡–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘Œƒ”‰‘•
Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹ –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ†Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ
–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ • –—†‹‘ˆŽ‘‘” • ƒ‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘ƒ
’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ • ”‘†— –‹‘ ‘–”‘Ž •–—†›–‘—”ƒ–ƒ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘
• Žƒ›•–Š‡•–—†‹‘ ”‘‘ •–ƒ–‹‘–‘‘„•‡”˜‡–Š‡
ˆŽ‘‘”ǡ’”‘†— –‹‘ • ƒ•–‡” ‘–”‘Ž •‡–—’‘ˆ”‘‘•ƒ†–Š‡‹”
‘–”‘Ž”‘‘ǡ ”‘‘ ˆ— –‹‘•Ǥ
ƒ†–Š‡ƒ•–‡”
‘–”‘Ž”‘‘Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••–‘†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ƒŽƒ›‘—–‘ˆ–Š‡–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘’”‘†— –‹‘ ‘–”‘Ž

”‘‘Ǥ

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• Šƒ”–‘ˆ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘Œƒ”‰‘•
• ‹†‡‘”‡ ‘”†‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘•–ƒ–‹‘•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‘‡” ‹ƒŽ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ –Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘
–›’‡•‘ˆ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ • –ƒ–‡‘™‡† •–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
•–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘„—œœ‘
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ • ‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•„ƒ•‡† –Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆ‡ƒ Š –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘•–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘•–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••–Š‡”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ‡ƒ Š–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡‹”‡ˆˆ‡ –•

–‘–Š‡ ‘—‹–‹‡•Ǥ

• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•‘–Š‡•‡––‹‰‘ˆ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘•–ƒ–‹‘•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategy
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‘Ž‡–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ • ‡ƒ†–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‹ƒ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ –‘™ƒ”†•ǣ ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
”‘Ž‡•’Žƒ›‡†„› Ǧ ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘‹
–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ Ǧ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –Š‡‹” ‘—‹–‹‡•ǡƒ†
’”‘†— –‹‘‹ Ǧ •‡•‹–‹•ƒ–‹‘ Ž‡––Š‡’”‘˜‹†‡
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ Ǧ ‡–‡”–ƒ‹‡– ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡šƒ’Ž‡•Ǥ
• ’”‘‘–‡•–Š‡ Ǧ ‘„‹Ž‹•ƒ–‹‘ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
”‘Ž‡•’Žƒ›‡†„› †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡”‘Ž‡•
–Š‡‡†‹ƒǤ ’Žƒ›‡†„›–Š‡‡†‹ƒ–‘
–Š‡’—„Ž‹ Ǥ

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••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ† ”‡’‘”– ‘ –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡• ‘ˆ –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ ‹ ‡ ‘‘‹ 
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ

• ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘‰—‹†‡
• ”‹––‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ›’‡• ‘ˆ –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ • ‡– –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡• –Š‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡•ǣ „”ƒ‹•–‘” –Š‡ –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘
ƒ–—”‡ ‘ˆ - †‹• —••‹‘Ȁ–ƒŽ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡• ‘‘ ‘
–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ •Š‘™ ƒŽŽ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘•‹‰ƒ†ƒǤ
’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ - —•‹ 
- ‡™• • ”‘—’ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ†
• †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡• - —„Ž‹ ˆˆƒ‹”• –ƒ• –Š‡ –‘ ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›
’”‘˜‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ - †‘ —‡–ƒ”› –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡• ‘ˆ
–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ - •’‘”–•‡– Ǥ –Š‡‹”‹–‡”‡•–•Ǥ
’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ 


••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ Š‘‘•‡ ƒ –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ ƒ† ƒ‡ ƒ ™”‹––‡
†‡• ”‹’–‹‘‘ˆŠ‘™‹–‹•”—ƒ†–Š‡•–”‡‰–Š‹–ƒ›Šƒ˜‡‘˜‡”‘–Š‡”’”‘‰”ƒ‡•Ǥ

• ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘‰—‹†‡
•  Š‡†—Ž‡‘ˆ’”‘‰”ƒ‡•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ƒ‡”ƒƒǣ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ - ”‘Ž‡‘ˆƒ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•
’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ’”‘ˆ‹Ž‡ ƒ‡”ƒƒ ’‡”ˆ‘”‡†„›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
‘ˆ–Š‡–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ - ”‘Ž‡•ƒ† –‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘•–ƒˆˆǤ
’‡”•‘‡ŽǤ “—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• • ˜‹–‡ƒ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡• • ”‘†— ‡” ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ–‘‰—‹†‡–Š‡
ƒ†“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ - ”‘Ž‡•ƒ† Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡”‘Ž‡•ƒ†
‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ “—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• “—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ
ƒ‡”ƒƒǤ • ”‡•‡–‡” ƒ‡”ƒƒǡ’”‘†— ‡”ǡ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡• - ”‘Ž‡•ƒ† ƒ†’”‡•‡–‡”Ǥ
ƒ†“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆƒ “—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡’”‘†— ‡”Ǥ ‡—Žƒ–‡–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ
• †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•–Š‡ ƒ ƒ‡”ƒƒǡ’”‘†— ‡”ǡ
”‘Ž‡•ƒ†“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ ƒ†’”‡•‡–‡”Ǥ
ƒ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡
’”‡•‡–‡”Ǥ

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘ Š‘‘•‡ƒ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘’”‘†— –‹‘†—–›ƒ†™”‹–‡ƒ†‡• ”‹’–‹˜‡

„”‡ƒ†‘™‘ˆ‹–•”‘Ž‡•Ǥ

• ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘‰—‹†‡
• ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘’‡”•‘‡Žƒ—ƒŽ•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‹†‡‘ ƒ‡”ƒ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•ƒ† • ”‹’‘†•–ƒ† „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡–›’‡•‘ˆ
†‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡—•‡ • ‘•‘Ž‡ •–—†‹‘‡“—‹’‡–Ǥ
–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– • ’‹š‡” • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡Š‘™–Š‡
–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ • •–—†‹‘ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‡“—‹’‡–™‘”Ǥ
‡“—‹’‡– ‹ ”‘’Š‘‡ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡Ž› • •–—†‹‘Ž‹‰Š–• –Š‡ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
• ’”‘˜‹†‡•‰‘‘† • ‹•—ƒŽ‘‹–‘” ‡“—‹’‡–Ǥ
ƒ”‡ƒ† • ‡‘”› ƒ”†• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š
ƒ‹–‡ƒ ‡‘ˆ • — –‹‘•‘ˆ‡ƒ Š †‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘•‘–Š‡ ƒ”‡
–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ ‡“—‹’‡–Ȁ–‘‘Ž ƒ†ƒ‹–‡ƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ Š
’”‘†— –‹‘ ’”‘†— –‹‘‡“—‹’‡–Ǥ
‡“—‹’‡– • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘’”ƒ –‹•‡
• ‘’‡”ƒ–‡•–Š‡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰‡ƒ Š‡“—‹’‡–Ǥ
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
’”‘†— –‹‘
‡“—‹’‡–Ǥ

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••–Š‡ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’”‘†— –‹‘‡“—‹’‡–

ƒ†–‘‘Ž•Ǥ 

• ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘‡“—‹’‡– ƒ–ƒŽ‘‰—‡
• ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘‡“—‹’‡–ƒ—ƒŽ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ƒ”–•‘ˆ–Š‡†‹‰‹–ƒŽ ƒ‡”ƒǣ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡’ƒ”–•‘ˆ - ‘†‡†‹ƒŽ ‹†‡–‹ˆ›–Š‡’ƒ”–•‘ˆƒ
–Š‡†‹‰‹–ƒŽ˜‹†‡‘ - •–‘”ƒ‰‡ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ˜‹†‡‘ ƒ‡”ƒǤ
ƒ‡”ƒǤ - ƒ‡”ƒŠ‡ƒ†ǡ ‘–•Š‘‡ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡ - œ‘‘”‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š
ˆ— –‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡ - ˆ‘ —•”‹‰ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘•Š‘™
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’ƒ”–•‘ˆ–Š‡ - ƒ‡”ƒŽ‡• ‡ƒ Š’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡
†‹‰‹–ƒŽ˜‹†‡‘ ƒ‡”ƒǤ • — –‹‘•‘ˆ‡ƒ Š’ƒ”–‘ˆ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ˜‹†‡‘ ƒ‡”ƒ
• ’”‘˜‹†‡••ƒˆ‡–›ǡ ƒ”‡ –Š‡†‹‰‹–ƒŽ˜‹†‡‘ ƒ‡”ƒ ˆ— –‹‘•Ǥ
ƒ†ƒ‹–‡ƒ ‡‘ˆ • ƒˆ‡–›ǡ ƒ”‡ƒ† • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
–Š‡†‹‰‹–ƒŽ˜‹†‡‘ ƒ‹–‡ƒ ‡‘ˆƒ†‹‰‹–ƒŽ –Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡‘ˆ
ƒ‡”ƒǤ ˜‹†‡‘ ƒ‡”ƒǤ –Š‡’”‘’‡”—•‡ǡ ƒ”‡
• ƒ••‡„Ž‡•–Š‡†‹‰‹–ƒŽ • ••‡„Ž‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ‡”ƒǤ ƒ†ƒ‹–‡ƒ ‡‘ˆ
˜‹†‡‘ ƒ‡”ƒ –Š‡†‹‰‹–ƒŽ˜‹†‡‘
‘””‡ –Ž›Ǥ ƒ‡”ƒǤ

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••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡—•‡ƒ†‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ†‹‰‹–ƒŽ˜‹†‡‘ ƒ‡”ƒǤ
 

• ‹‰‹–ƒŽ˜‹†‡‘ ƒ‡”ƒ ƒ–ƒŽ‘‰—‡

• ‹‰‹–ƒŽ˜‹†‡‘ ƒ‡”ƒƒ—ƒŽ
• ƒˆ‡–›ǡ ƒ”‡ǡƒ†ƒ‹–‡ƒ ‡–‘‘Ž‹–

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and
Learning Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ˜‡”˜‹‡™‘ˆ ƒ‡”ƒ•Š‘–• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ • ›’‡•‘ˆ ƒ‡”ƒ•Š‘–•ǣ †‹• —••‹‘‘
ƒ‡”ƒ•Š‘–•Ǥ - Ž‘‰•Š‘– ƒ‡”ƒ•Š‘–•Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ - ‡†‹—•Š‘– • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
–›’‡•‘ˆ ƒ‡”ƒ - ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡–•Š‘– –‘„”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡
•Š‘–•Ǥ - Ž‘•‡—’•Š‘– –›’‡•‘ˆ ƒ‡”ƒ
• ƒ‡•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– - ‡š–”‡‡ Ž‘•‡—’•Š‘– •Š‘–•Ǥ
ƒ‡”ƒ•Š‘–•Ǥ - ˜‹†‡‘ˆ‹Ž‹‰Ȁ•Š‘‘–‹‰ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
–Š”‘—‰Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘
ƒ‡ ƒ‡”ƒ
•Š‘–•Ǥ


••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ‘†— – ˜‹†‡‘ •Š‘‘–‹‰Ȁˆ‹Ž‹‰ ƒ† ‘’‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ˆ‘‘–ƒ‰‡
‘•‹†‡”‹‰–Š‡ ƒ‡”ƒ•Š‘–•Ǥ

• ‹†‡‘ ƒ‡”ƒƒ†•–‘”ƒ‰‡†‡˜‹ ‡•

• ’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒ—ƒŽ

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‡ŽŽ‡”ǡǤƬ ƒ™‹•ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘‡™•ǣ ƒ†„‘‘ˆ‘””‹–‹‰ǡ

‡’‘”–‹‰ǡŠ‘‘–‹‰ƒ††‹–‹‰ǡ ‘Ž ‘„ ƒ–Š™ƒ›—„Ž‹•Š‡”•ǡ”‹œ‘ƒǤ
™‘†—ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•”ƒ –‹ ‡ǣ‡™•ǡ‡•–Š‡–‹ •ǡ–Š‹ •ƒ†ƒ™•Ǥ
—‰—ǡŠ› ‡‡”‡š—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
O’Donell,L., Benoit, M.ǤƬ ƒ—•ƒǡȋʹͲͳʹȌǤƒ†‹‘ƒ†‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘”‘†— –‹‘ǡ
ʹ†‡†‹–‹‘ǡƒ†•™‘”–Š—„Ž‹•Š‹‰‘’ƒ›ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǤ
‰ƒ†‡ǡ ǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ”‘ƒ† ƒ•–”‘‰”ƒ‡”‹–‹‰ƒ†”‘†— –‹‘Ǥǡ•ƒ ‘†
”‹–‡”•ƒ—”†‹


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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͹ͷ ‘—”•

Š‡ ‘†—Ž‡ ‹–”‘†— ‡• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” –‘ –Š‡ ‘ ‡’– ‘ˆ ’”‘†— ‹‰ ˜‹†‡‘ ‘–‡–Ǥ –
™‹ŽŽ‡“—‹’–Š‡Š‹ȀŠ‡”™‹–Š–Š‡•‹ŽŽ•–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’ǡ‡†‹–ǡƒ†’”‘†— ‡“—ƒŽ‹–›˜‹†‡‘
ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•Ǥ – ‹˜‘Ž˜‡• ’Žƒ‹‰ǡ ƒ””ƒ‰‹‰ǡ ƒ††‹‰ ƒ† ‘” ”‡‘˜‹‰ •‡ –‹‘• ‘ˆ
˜‹†‡‘ Ž‹’•Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ˆ‹Ž–Š‡˜‹†‡‘•—„Œ‡ –Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ƒ‹’—Žƒ–‡˜‹†‡‘•Š‘–•–‘ ”‡ƒ–‡ Ž‡ƒ”’‹ –—”‡•Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ –—””ƒ™˜‹†‡‘ˆ‘‘–ƒ‰‡‹–‘ƒ‹’”‡••‹˜‡‘˜‹‡• ‡‡Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹‡• —•‡† ‹ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡• –Š‡ ˜‹†‡‘ ‡†‹–‹‰ ƒ† ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˜‹†‡‘
–‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹‡• ’”‘†— –‹‘ ‡†‹–‹‰ ƒ† ’”‘†— –‹‘
—•‡† ‹ ˜‹†‡‘ • ›’‡•‘ˆ˜‹†‡‘• –‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹‡•Ǥ
‡†‹–‹‰ ƒ† • ’‘”–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ˜‹†‡‘ • ‡– –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
’”‘†— –‹‘ ‡†‹–‹‰ „”ƒ‹•–‘” –Š‡ –›’‡• ‘ˆ
‘””‡ –Ž›Ǥ • ‘’—–‡” •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ˆ‘” ˜‹†‡‘•Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡• –Š‡ ˜‹†‡‘‡†‹–‹‰ • ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘
–›’‡•‘ˆ˜‹†‡‘•Ǥ  †‹• —•• ‹ ‰”‘—’• –Š‡
• ƒƒŽ›•‡• –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ˜‹†‡‘
‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ‡†‹–‹‰Ǥ
˜‹†‡‘‡†‹–‹‰Ǥ • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ
• ‡†‹–• ƒ† ‘’—–‡” •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ –‘
’”‘†— ‡• ˜‹†‡‘• ‡†‹–˜‹†‡‘•Ǥ
—•‹‰ –Š‡ ˜‹†‡‘ 
•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••–‘‡†‹–˜‹†‡‘•—•‹‰–Š‡ ‘’—–‡”•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ǥ

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• ƒ’Ž‡˜‹†‡‘•
• ‘’—–‡”
• ‘’—–‡”•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡
• ‹†‡‘ Ž‹’•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͷ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ƒ‡”ƒ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ • ‡ƒ† ƒ ‰—‹†‡† †‹• —••‹‘
• ’”‡’ƒ”‡• –Š‡ • ”‡Ǧ’”‘†— –‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡•• ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹
ƒ‡”ƒ ˆ‘” ˜‹†‡‘ • ”‘†— –‹‘ ’”‘†— –‹‘‘ˆƒ˜‹†‡‘Ǥ
™‘”Ǥ • ‘•–Ǧ’”‘†— –‹‘ • —‹†‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ’Žƒ• –Š‡ ˜‹†‡‘ • ‡ Š‹“—‡•‘ˆ˜‹†‡‘ –Š”‘—‰Š ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ –‘ ƒ””›
’”‘†— –‹‘ ’”‘†— –‹‘ ‘—– –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ˜‹†‡‘
’”‘ ‡••Ǥ • ƒ‹‰ ˜‹†‡‘ ’”‘†— –‹‘ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ
• ƒ’–—”‡• –Š‡ ˜‹†‡‘ ƒ†˜‡”–• ƒ† • ‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ –Š‡
‘–‡–Ǥ •™‡‡’‡”• –‡ Š‹“—‡• ‘ˆ ’”‘†— ‹‰ ƒ
• ‡†‹–•–Š‡˜‹†‡‘‹–‘ • Ž‹‰‹‰ ƒ—†‹‘ ˜‹†‡‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘
ƒˆ‹‹•Š‡†’”‘†— –Ǥ ˆ‘‘–ƒ‰‡ ‡—Žƒ–‡Ǥ
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡• ˜ƒ”‹‘—•
–‡ Š‹“—‡• –‘
’”‘†— ‡ƒ˜‹†‡‘Ǥ

••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘‡™‘”–‘†‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡˜‹†‡‘’”‘†— –‹‘’”‘ ‡••Ǥ

• ƒ’Ž‡˜‹†‡‘•
• ‘’—–‡”•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡•
• –‡”‡–

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • †‹–‹‰ ‘˜‡–‹‘• • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ ȋ†‹‰‹–ƒŽƒ† –Š‡–‡ Š‹“—‡•—•‡†‹
–‡ Š‹“—‡•—•‡†‹ ƒƒŽ‘‰—‡Ȍ ‡†‹–‹‰˜‹†‡‘•Ǥ
‡†‹–‹‰˜‹†‡‘•Ǥ • ‡’‘”ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š”‘—‰Š

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•˜ƒ”‹‘—• • ’ƒ–‹ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• ’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘ ƒ””›‘—–˜‹†‡‘
–‡ Š‹“—‡•–‘ • ”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–›‹‡†‹–‹‰ ‡†‹–‹‰—•‹‰†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›‡†‹– • Š›–Š –‡ Š‹“—‡•Ǥ
˜‹†‡‘•Ǥ • ‘—•‡•–›Ž‡

ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ƒŠ‘—•‡•–›Ž‡‡–Š‘†‘ˆ‡†‹–‹‰˜‹†‡‘Ǥ

• †‹–‹‰ ‘˜‡–‹‘•
• ƒ’Ž‡˜‹†‡‘•
• †‹–‹‰•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘•‘ˆ‹ƒ‰‡ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•‹ƒ‰‡ƒ† ƒ† ‘’‘•‹–‹‘ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡
‘’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ • ›’‡•‘ˆ‹ƒ‰‡ ‡ƒ‹‰•‘ˆ‹ƒ‰‡ƒ†
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡ ‘’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––›’‡•‘ˆ • —”’‘•‡‘ˆ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
‹ƒ‰‡ ‘’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ ‘’‘•‹–‹‘ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡–›’‡•
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡’—”’‘•‡ • Ž‡‡–•‘ˆ‹ƒ‰‡ ƒ†’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ‹ƒ‰‡
‘ˆ‹ƒ‰‡ ‘’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ ‘’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • —Ž‡•‘ˆ’‹ –—”‡ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‡Ž‡‡–•‘ˆƒ‹ƒ‰‡ ‘’‘•‹–‹‘ ƒ””›‘—–”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘
‘’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ • ‘’‘•‹–‹‘ –Š‡‡Ž‡‡–•ƒ†”—Ž‡•
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡”—Ž‡•‘ˆ –‡ Š‹“—‡• ‘ˆ‹ƒ‰‡ ‘’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ
‹ƒ‰‡ ‘’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ  • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•˜ƒ”‹‘—• –Š”‘—‰Š†‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘
–‡ Š‹“—‡•–‘ ‘–Š‡–‡ Š‹“—‡•ˆ‘”
‘’‘•‡ƒ‹ƒ‰‡Ǥ ‘’‘•‹‰ƒ‹ƒ‰‡Ǥ

‹Ȍ ••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‹• —•• ‹ ‰”‘—’• –Š‡ ‡Ž‡‡–• ƒ† ”—Ž‡• ‘ˆ ‹ƒ‰‡
‘’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘ ‘’‘•‡ƒ’‹ –—”‡—•‹‰ƒ–‡ Š‹“—‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹” Š‘‹ ‡Ǥ

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• ƒ’Ž‡‹ƒ‰‡•
• ‘’‘•‹–‹‘‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ• ”‹’– • ƒ•–Š‡‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡•• ”‹’–‹–Š‡ • ›’‡•‘ˆ• ”‹’– „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ
˜‹†‡‘’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡Ǥ ™”‹–‹‰ȋƒ—†‹‘ƒ† • ”‹’–‹˜‹†‡‘’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–›’‡• ˜‹†‡‘Ȍ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘‘
‘ˆ• ”‹’–•–‘„‡ • ƒ –‘”•–‘ ‘•‹†‡” –Š‡–›’‡•ƒ†ˆƒ –‘”•
’”‘†— ‡†Ǥ ™Š‡™”‹–‹‰ƒ ‘•‹†‡”‡†™Š‡™”‹–‹‰
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•ˆƒ –‘”•–‘ ˜‹†‡‘• ”‹’– ˜‹†‡‘• ”‹’–•Ǥ
‘•‹†‡”‹™”‹–‹‰ • –‡’•–‘™”‹–‹‰ƒ • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‹• —••
• ”‹’–•Ǥ ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡˜‹†‡‘ ‹‰”‘—’•–Š‡•–‡’•
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•–Š‡ • ”‹’– ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†‹™”‹–‹‰˜‹†‡‘
’”‘ ‡†—”‡ˆ‘”  • ”‹’–•Ǥ
™”‹–‹‰‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡
˜‹†‡‘• ”‹’–•Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ••‹‰‡––‘†”ƒˆ–•‹’Ž‡˜‹†‡‘• ”‹’–•ƒ†ƒ‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•
‹ Žƒ••Ǥ

• ƒ’Ž‡• ”‹’–•ȋƒ—†‹‘ƒ†˜‹†‡‘Ȍ
•  ”‹’–ƒ—ƒŽ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ• ‡‡”› • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡ˆ‹‡••–—†‹‘• ‡‡”›Ǥ • ‘Ž‡•‘ˆ• ‡‡”› „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰
• ‡šƒ‹‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ •  ‡‡”› ”‡ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ• ‡‡”›‹
• ‡‡”›‹–Š‡•–—†‹‘ • ƒ –‘”• ‘•‹†‡”‡†‹ –Š‡•–—†‹‘Ǥ
†‡•‹‰Ǥ • ‡‡”›†‡•‹‰ • •–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘˜‹•‹–

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
• †‡•‹‰•‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ƒ›’Š‘–‘•–—†‹‘ƒ†
• ‡‡”›–‘•—’’‘”––Š‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡–Š‡• ‡‡”›Ǣ
‰‘ƒŽ•‘ˆ–Š‡ –Š‡—•‡–Š‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡
’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ ƒ “—‹”‡†–‘†‡•‹‰–Š‡‹”
• ‘„•‡”˜‡•ˆƒ –‘”•–Šƒ– ‘™• ‡‡”‹‡•‹–Š‡
ƒˆˆ‡ –• ‡‡”›†‡•‹‰Ǥ Žƒ••Ǥ
• ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
‘–Š‡ˆƒ –‘”•–Šƒ–
‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡–Š‡†‡•‹‰‘ˆ
•–—†‹‘• ‡‡”›Ǥ

ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘†‡•‹‰•‹’Ž‡˜‹†‡‘• ‡‡”‹‡•‹–Š‡‹” Žƒ••Ǥ

• Šƒ”–•‘ˆ˜‹†‡‘• ‡‡”‹‡•
• ƒ—ƒŽ•ˆ‘” ”‡ƒ–‹‰• ‡‡”‹‡•
• ƒ‡”ƒ•

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”‘‘•ǡǤ‡–ƒŽǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ‡™•‡’‘”–‹‰ƒ†”‹–‹‰Ǥ‡™‘”ǣ–Ǥƒ”–‹•”‡••
‹ŽŽ‡”•‘ǡ ‡”ƒŽ†Ǥ‹†‡‘ ’”‘†— –‹‘ Šƒ†„‘‘ Ȁ ‡”ƒŽ† ‹ŽŽ‡”•‘ǡ ‹ ™‡•Ǥ —
Ͷ–Š‡†Ǥ’Ǥ Ǥ
‡™‹––ǡ ǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ”‹–‹‰ˆ‘””‘ƒ† ƒ•–‡™•ǡʹ†‡†Ǥ‘†‘ǡƒ›ˆ‹‡Ž†—„Ž‹•Š‹‰
‘’ƒ›Ǥ
‡ŽŽ‡”ǡ Ǥ Ƭ ƒ™‹•ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ ‡™• – ƒ†„‘‘ ˆ‘” ”‹–‹‰ǡ
‡’‘”–‹‰ǡ Š‘‘–‹‰ ƒ† †‹–‹‰Ǥ  ‘––•†ƒŽ‡ǡ ”‹œ‘ƒǡ ‘Ž ‘„ ƒ–Š™ƒ›
—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
‡ Š‡”ǡǤȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ‡™•”‡’‘”–‹‰ƒ†”‹–‹‰ǡ͹–Š‡†‹–‹‘Ǥ‡™‘”ǡ ”ƒ™
‹ŽŽǤ

™‘†—ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ”ƒ –‹ ‡ǣ ‡™•ǡ ‡•–Š‡–‹ •ǡ –Š‹ • ƒ† ƒ™•Ǥ
—‰—ǡŠ› ‡‡”‡š—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
O’Donell,L., Benoit, ‘†‡” Ǥ  Ƭ ƒ†‹‘ ƒ—•ƒǡ    ”‘†— –‹‘ǡ ʹ†   ‡†Ǥ
ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǡƒ†•™‘”–Š—„Ž‹•Š‹‰‘’ƒ›Ǥ
‰ƒ†ƒǡ Ǥ  ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ”‘ƒ† ƒ•– ”‘‰”ƒ‡ ”‹–‹‰ ƒ† ”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ ƒ—”†‹ǡ
•ƒ ‘†”‹–‡”•Ǥ

Š‹–‡ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ”‘ƒ† ƒ•– ‡™• ”‹–‹‰ǡ ‡’‘”–‹‰ ƒ† ”‘†— –‹‘ǡ ʹ† ‡†Ǥ
‘•–‘ǣ ‘ ƒŽ”‡••Ǥ






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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ Ͷͷ ‘—”•

Š‹•‘†—Ž‡‹–”‘†— ‡•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘–Š‡„ƒ•‹ ‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ƒ•—•‡†‹–Š‡‹†—•–”›

ƒ† „› –Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ’—„Ž‹ Ǥ – ™‹ŽŽ ‡ƒ„Ž‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ƒ””› ‘—– –Š‡ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•
ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• ‹ ƒ› ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ ƒ•– ˆ”‹ ƒ ƒ† ƒ› ‘–Š‡” ‘—–”› ™Š‡”‡ ‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ ‹• –Š‡
ƒŒ‘”Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‘ˆ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ƒ‡•‹’Ž‡‡š’”‡••‹‘•‹‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‘—–ƒ† ‘•–”— – ‘Š‡”‡–‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹•‡–‡ ‡•Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ —†‡”•–ƒ†ǡ•’‡ƒǡ”‡ƒ†ǡƒ†™”‹–‡„ƒ•‹ ‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ”‹‰‹ƒ†•’”‡ƒ†‘ˆ • ŽŽ‘™–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡•–Š‡ ‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ „—œœ‘˜‡”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ • ’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ ‰”‡‡–‹‰•–›Ž‡•Ǥ
Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ†—•‹‰ –‘‰ƒ†ƒ• • •–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ • ”‡‡–‹‰•ǣ ƒ‡•‡ŽˆǦ
• ‘””‡ –Ž›‰”‡‡–• - ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––‹‡• ‹–”‘†— –‹‘•„‡ˆ‘”‡
‡Ž†‡”•ǡ’‡‡”•ƒ†–Š‡ - –‘‡Ž†‡”•ǡ’‡‡”•ǡ–Š‡ –Š‡ Žƒ••Ǥ
›‘—‰ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ›‘—‰
–‹‡•Ǥ - –‘‘‡’‡”•‘
• ƒ‡•‹–”‘†— –‹‘ - –‘ƒ›’‡‘’Ž‡
‘ˆ‘‡•‡Žˆƒ†‘ˆ • ‡‡”ƒŽ –”‘†— –‹‘
‘–Š‡”’‡”•‘•Ǥ ‘ˆǣ
- ‘‡•‡Žˆ
- ‘–Š‡”•

••‡••–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘ǣ
‹Ȍ –Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆŽ‡ƒ”‹‰‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹‹–Š‡ ‘–‡š–‘ˆƒ ‘—–‹‰ƒ†
ˆ‹ƒ ‡Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›‹‰‰”‡‡–‹‰‘ˆ’‡‡”•ǡ‡Ž†‡”•ƒ†•—’‡”˜‹•‘”•ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––‹‡•ƒ†
–ƒ‡‘–‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹”’”‘— ‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹–‘ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

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• Š‡‹–‡”‡–
• ‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹†‹ –‹‘ƒ”›


—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͲ͸ ‘—”•
‘’‡–‡ ‡• ‘–‡– ‡ƒ Š‹‰ƒ†‡ƒ”‹‰
–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‘™‡Ž•ƒ† • •‡–ƒ’‡•Ȁ ‘’ƒ –†‹••
• ƒ‡• ‘””‡ –—•‡‘ˆ ‘•‘ƒ–•ǡ ˆ‘”–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘Ž‹•–‡
–Š‡™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ƒŽ’Šƒ„‡–Ǥ ˜‡”„•ƒ†‘—• –‘™‘”†•‘—†•ƒ†
• ’”‘‘— ‡•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ • ”‘†— –‹‘‘ˆ ’”‘— ‹ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
˜‡”„•ƒ†ƒ‡•‹ ™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –ƒ ‡–Ǥ •‘—†•Ȁƒ ‡– ƒ‡•‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’Žƒ ‡•
• •–ƒ–‡•’Š”ƒ•‡•‹–Š‡ ƒ† ‘‘–‹–Ž‡•‹–Š‡
‘””‡ ––‡•‡Ǥ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†‡†‹ƒ
’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘Ǥ
• ‡–‘—–ƒ—„‡”‘ˆ
™ƒŠ‹Ž‹˜‘™‡Ž•ǡ˜‡”„•ƒ†
‘—•ˆ‘”–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
’”ƒ –‹•‡–Š‡‹”ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
• •‡ƒ–ƒ’‡”‡ ‘”†‹‰–‘
’”‘†— ‡‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹•‘—†•
ˆ‘”–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‡—Žƒ–‡Ǥ

••‡••–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ™‘”†’”‘— ‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ —•‡‘ˆ˜‡”„•ƒ†‘—•Ǥ

• ‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹†‹ –‹‘ƒ”›
• Šƒ”–•‘ˆ˜‘™‡Ž•ƒ† ‘•‘ƒ–•ǡ˜‡”„•ƒ†‘—•
• —†‹‘”‡ ‘”†‹‰•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͹ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡Ž ‘‹‰ • ”‰ƒ‹œ‡ƒ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›‹
• ‡š’”‡••‡• ˜‹•‹–‘”• ™Š‹ Š–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”••ŠƒŽŽ
ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘–‘ • ƒ‹‰”‡“—‡•–• ƒ‡•‹’Ž‡‡š’”‡••‹‘•
‘–Š‡”•Ǥ • š’”‡••‹‰ ‹˜‘Ž˜‹‰ƒ•‹‰ˆ‘”ƒ
• ƒ‡•”‡“—‡•–•ˆ‘” ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”’”‘†— –•ǡ•‡”˜‹ ‡ǡ
’”‘†— –•ǡ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡ • †˜‡”–‹•‹‰‘ˆ ’Žƒ ‡‘”†‹”‡ –‹‘ƒ†
‘”’Žƒ ‡•„›ƒ‡•Ǥ ’”‘†— –• ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ƒ••‹•–ƒ ‡
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•’‡‘’Ž‡ • ‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‰ˆ‘” ‘ˆˆ‡”‡†Ǥ
„›–Š‡‹” „‡––‡”–‡”• • ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘ƒ•ˆ‘”
’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ–‹–Ž‡•Ǥ • •‹‰ˆ‘”’ƒ”†‘ ˆ‘”‰‹˜‡‡••ˆ‘”–Š‡™”‘‰
†‘‡Ǥ

ƒ•Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›–Š‡”‡ ‡‹˜‹‰‘ˆ Ž‹‡–•ƒ†’”‘˜‹†‹‰‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘–Š‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡
‰‘‘†•Ȁ•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ †‡•‹‰ƒ†ˆ‘”ƒ–ƒ‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ƒ†˜‡”–ˆ‘”ƒ›„—•‹‡••Ǥ

• Š‡ –‡”‡– ‘‡ –‹‘

• ‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹†‹ –‹‘ƒ”›
• ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡‡–•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • –”‘†— –‘”› • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘—•‡–Š‡
• ‘„‹‡•™‘”†• ˜‘ ƒ„—Žƒ”› ‹†‡ˆ‹‹–‡ƒ”–‹ Ž‡–‘ ‘•–”— –
–‘ ‘•–”— – • ‡–‡ ‡ •‡–‡ ‡•Ǥ
‘””‡ –•‡–‡ ‡•Ǥ ’ƒ––‡” • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›
• ƒ••“—‡•–‹‘• • —‡•–‹‘•ƒ† –Š‡ƒ•‹‰ƒ†ƒ•™‡”‹‰‘ˆ
ƒ†”‡•’‘†•–‘ ”‡•’‘•‡• “—‡•–‹‘•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•
‹“—‹”‹‡•Ǥ • š’”‡••‹‰Ž‹‡• ƒ†‡†‹ƒ•‡”˜‹ ‡•Ǥ
• ‡š’”‡••‡•Ž‹‡• ƒ††‹•Ž‹‡• • •–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘‡š’”‡••–Š‡‹”
ƒ††‹•Ž‹‡•Ǥ Ž‹‡•ƒ††‹•Ž‹‡•‹ƒ”‘Ž‡Ǧ’Žƒ›Ǥ

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••‡••–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘–Š‡ ‘•–”— –‹‘‘ˆ•‡–‡ ‡•‹”‡•’‘•‡–‘“—‡•–‹‘•Ǥ

ƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆǣ
Ǧ •‡–‡ ‡’ƒ––‡”•
Ǧ “—‡•–‹‘•ƒ†ƒ•™‡”•
Ǧ Ž‹‡•ƒ††‹•Ž‹‡•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͲ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‘—–‹‰ • ‡ƒ†–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‹–Š‡
• ‘—–•ƒ†—„‡”• ƒ”†‹ƒŽ ‘—–‹‰‡š‡” ‹•‡Ǥ
‹–‡•—•‹‰–Š‡ —„‡”• • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‹
ƒ”†‹ƒŽƒ†‘”†‹ƒŽ • ‘—–‹‰‘”†‹ƒŽ •–ƒ–‹‰–‹‡ƒ††ƒ–‡•Ǥ
—„‡”•Ǥ —„‡”• • •–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘•–ƒ–‡
• •–ƒ–‡•–Š‡–‹‡ǡ†ƒ–‡ǡ • ‹‡ǡ†ƒ–‡•ǡ –Š‡‹”†ƒ–‡•‘ˆ„‹”–ŠǤ
†ƒ›•ƒ†‘–Š• †ƒ›•ǡ‘–Š•
‘””‡ –Ž›Ǥ

••‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ‘—– —•‹‰ ‘”†‹ƒŽ ƒ† ƒ”†‹ƒŽ —„‡”• ƒ† –‘ •–ƒ–‡
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’‡”‹‘†•‹‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹Ǥ

• Šƒ”–•‘ˆ—„‡”•ǡ†ƒ–‡•ƒ††ƒ›•
• ƒŽ‡†ƒ”
• Ž‘ 
• ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ ƒŽ•›„‘Ž•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͲͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ƒ•‹ •‡–‡ ‡ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ƒ‡•ƒŽ‘‰‹ ƒŽˆŽ‘™‘ˆ ‡Ž‡‡–• ƒ‡•‡–‡ ‡•‹
•‡–‡ ‡ ‘•–”— –‹‘Ǥ • ‡–‡ ‡Ž‘‰‹  ‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹—•‹‰ˆ‹”•–
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡•‹‰—Žƒ”ƒ† • ‹‰—Žƒ”ƒ†’Ž—”ƒŽ ’‡”•‘•‹‰—Žƒ”ƒ†

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Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
’Ž—”ƒŽ‘—•Ȁ˜‡”„• • ‡•‡• ˆ‹”•–’‡”•‘’Ž—”ƒŽǤ
‘””‡ –Ž›Ǥ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡• ‘””‡ –‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡
–‡•‡•‹•‡–‡ ‡ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
‘•–”— –‹‘Ǥ
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––‡•‡•‹
•‡–‡ ‡
‘•–”— –‹‘Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‡š‡” ‹•‡•‘–Š‡ǣ
‹Ȍ ™ƒ›–Š‡›ƒ””ƒ‰‡–Š‡™‘”†•‹ƒ•‡–‡ ‡Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ”—Ž‡‘ˆ•‹‰—Žƒ”ƒ†’Ž—”ƒŽǤ
‹‹‹Ȍ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–‡•‡•Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͲͺ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹‡•—•‡†‹ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ•• ‹†‡–‹ˆ›ƒ†ƒ‡
–‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹‡•—•‡†‹ ‡†‹ƒǤ –Š‡–‘‘Ž•ǡƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ǡ
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ•• • ƒ‡•‘ˆ–‘‘Ž•ǡ ƒ†‡“—‹’‡–—•‡†
‡†‹ƒǤ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ǡƒ† ‹Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•ƒ†ƒ‡• ‡“—‹’‡–—•‡†‹ ƒ••‡†‹ƒǤ
–Š‡–‘‘Ž•ǡƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ǡ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ•• • •–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
ƒ†‡“—‹’‡–—•‡† ‡†‹ƒǤ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹
‹Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ† • ”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ–‹–Ž‡•Ž‹‡ǣ –‹–Ž‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡•–ƒˆˆ
ƒ••‡†‹ƒǤ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–ǡ’”‡•‡–‡”ǡ –Šƒ–™‘”‹
• ”‡ˆ‡”•–‘‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”•„› ’”‘†— ‡”ǡ ƒ‡”ƒƒǡ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ••
–Š‡‹”–‹–Ž‡•Ǥ ˜‹†‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‡”ǡ ‡†‹ƒǤ
• †‡• ”‹„‡•–Š‡–ƒ•• ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š‡”ǡƒ† • ‹• —••™‹–Š–Š‡
’‡”ˆ‘”‡†„› Ž‹‡–ǡ‡– Ǥ Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–Š‡–ƒ••
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ•‹ • ƒ••’‡”ˆ‘”‡†‹ ’‡”ˆ‘”‡†„›
Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ•• Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ•• †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–•
‡†‹ƒǤ ‡†‹ƒǤ ƒ†ƒ••‡†‹ƒ
’‡”•‘‡ŽǤ

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••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘™”‹–‡–Š‡–‹–Ž‡•ƒ†–ƒ••’‡”ˆ‘”‡†„›˜ƒ”‹‘—•’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ•
‹Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ••‡†‹ƒǤ

• ‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹†‹ –‹‘ƒ”›
• Šƒ”–•–‘‘Ž•ǡƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ǡƒ†‡“—‹’‡–—•‡†‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ••‡†‹ƒ
• —†‹‘’ƒ •
• ‹†‡‘–ƒ’‡•

Žƒ•‹ǡǤ ǤȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ ”ƒƒ”ˆ‘” –”‘†— –‘”›ƒ† –‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡‡˜‡Ž•Ǥ

‘ƒ˜ƒǡǡƬ—–œǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ǣ‘’Ž‡–‡‘†—Ž‡ˆ‘”‡‰‹‡”•ǡʹ†‡†Ǥ
ƒ”Ǧ‡•ǦƒŽƒƒǡ‹˜‹‰ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
ƒ™ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͳʹȌǤ™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ˆ‘”•–ƒ”–‡”•ǣ”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ –”‘†— –‘”›ƒ† –‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡
‡˜‡ŽǤ
‡””‘–ǡǤǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ••‡–‹ƒŽ•‘ˆ—•‹‡••‹•™ƒŠ‹Ž‹Ǥ–‡ƒ Š›‘—”•‡Žˆ —‹†‡Ǥ
ƒ‹”‘„‹ǡ‡›ƒ—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
‡–‡”ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ‹’Ž‹ˆ‹‡†™ƒŠ‹Ž‹Ǥ‡™‘”ǡ‘‰ƒ ”‘—’Ǥ

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‘–ƒ –ǣ͵Ͳ ‘—”•

Š‡‘†—Ž‡‹–”‘†— ‡•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”–‘–Š‡‡› ‘ ‡’–•ǡ‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ǡƒ†–Š‡‡•‘ˆ

’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ • ‹‡ ‡ –Šƒ– ’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” –‘ ‹–‡”’”‡– —””‡– ‡˜‡–• ‹ –Š‡
’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒǤ – ™‹ŽŽ ‡Šƒ ‡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”’• —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ–—”‡ǡ ƒ—•‡•
ƒ† ‘•‡“—‡ ‡• ‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹˜‡ †‡ ‹•‹‘• ƒ† ƒ –‹‘• –ƒ‡ „› ‰”‘—’• ‘ˆ ’‡‘’Ž‡
‡„‡††‡†‹ —Ž–—”‡•ƒ†‹•–‹–—–‹‘•–Šƒ–•–”— –—”‡’‘™‡”ƒ†ƒ—–Š‘”‹–›Ǥ

Learning Outcomes
›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‘†—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ǣ
‹Ȍ ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ† ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›ƒ••‡••‡˜‡–•ǡ’ƒ––‡”•ƒ†•–”— –—”‡•‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ •Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡–‘’‘Ž‹ ›ƒ‡”•ǡˆ‡ŽŽ‘™ ‹–‹œ‡•ǡƒ†–Š‡
‰Ž‘„ƒŽ ‘—‹–‹‡•Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ ‘’”‡Š‡†ƒŽŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–”ƒ•ˆ‡”‘ˆ’‘™‡”‹†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰Ǥ
‹˜Ȍ ‘—‹ ƒ–‡ Ž‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ†’‡”•—ƒ•‹˜‡Ž›‹„‘–Š‘”ƒŽƒ†™”‹––‡ˆ‘”Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• †‡ˆ‹‡•’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡ „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰
• ‹‡ ‡Ǥ • ‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡‘ˆ ‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡Ǥ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡‹ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ›‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ •‘ ‹‡–› ‘–Š‡”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡‘ˆ
• ‹‡ ‡‹ •  ‹‡–‹ˆ‹ ‡–Š‘†• ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡–‘–Š‡
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ ‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡ ‹–‹œ‡•‘ˆƒ ‘—–”›Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ • Š‡‘”‹‡•‘ˆ • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‡–Š‘†•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‹ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡ †‹• —••–Š‡‡–Š‘†•ƒ†
’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡Ǥ  –Š‡‘”‹‡•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‹
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡–Š‡‘”‹‡• ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡Ǥ
‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡‹
Šƒ†Ž‹‰ƒ––‡”•‘ˆ
’‘Ž‹–‹ •Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••–‘†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡–Š‡‘”‹‡•‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ

• ‹‡ ‡‹–Š‡‰ƒ†ƒ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

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Š‡‘”‹‡•‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͶ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‘”•‘ˆ • ˜‹–‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽ‡ƒ†‡”
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ˆ‘”• ‰‘˜‡”‡–• –‘–ƒ‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
‘ˆ‰‘˜‡”‡–•ƒ† • Ž‡ –‹‘• –Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ
–Š‡‹””‘Ž‡•Ǥ • ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•ƒ† •›•–‡•‹‰ƒ†ƒƒ†
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–› Š‘™–Š‡›ˆ— –‹‘Ǥ
’Žƒ›‡†„›‡Ž‡ –‹‘• ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘• • —‹†‡ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘
‹–Š‡•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ • ‘Ž‡•‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ –Š‡”‘Ž‡•’Žƒ›‡†„›
–Š‡•–ƒ–‡Ǥ ’ƒ”–‹‡•‹ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•‹
• ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡•–Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒ† †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒ†’‡ƒ ‡
”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ’‡ƒ ‡„—‹Ž†‹‰ „—‹Ž†‹‰Ǥ
’ƒ”–‹‡•ƒ† ‹˜‹Ž  
•‘ ‹‡–›‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘
‹‡ ‘‘‹ 
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–

ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‹• —•• –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡• ‘ˆ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ’ƒ”–‹‡• ƒ† ‹˜‹Ž •‘ ‹‡–›
‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•‹’‡ƒ ‡ƒ‹‰Ǥ

‘ —‡–ƒ”‹‡•‘’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competence Content Teaching and Learning
Strategy
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡” • ‹„‡”ƒŽ‹•ǡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹•ǡ ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ†–ƒ•
ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽ‹• –Š‡–‘†‹• —••–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹‡• • ƒ• ‹• ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ƒ†
ƒ†–Š‡‹””‘Ž‡‹ • ‡‹‹•ǡ ƒ‡ Žƒ••’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
•Šƒ’‹‰–Š‡•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ‹•ǡƒ†
 ’‘•–‘†‡”‹•
• ‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ •›•–‡•

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ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ †‹• —•• ‹ ‰”‘—’• ƒ† ƒ‡ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• ‘ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ƒ†–Š‡‹””‘Ž‡‹•Šƒ’‹‰•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ

—‹†‡Ž‹‡•‘’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹‡•

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ‡•‹•–ƒ ‡–‘ Šƒ‰‡ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‹ƒ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•ˆƒ –‘”•–Šƒ– • ‹‘Ž‡ ‡ȋ‹ Ž—†‹‰ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡ˆƒ –‘”•
ƒ—•‡”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ –‡””‘”‹•Ȍ –Šƒ– ƒ—•‡”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ
˜‹‘Ž‡ ‡ƒ†ƒ„—•‡‘ˆ • —ƒ”‹‰Š–•ƒ† ˜‹‘Ž‡ ‡ƒ†ƒ„—•‡‘ˆ
Š—ƒ”‹‰Š–•‹–Š‡ –Š‡‹”’”‘–‡ –‹‘ Š—ƒ”‹‰Š–•‹–Š‡
’”‘ ‡••‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ • ˆŽ—‡ ‡–‘ ’”‘ ‡••‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ
Šƒ‰‡Ǥ ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘• Šƒ‰‡Ǥ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ  • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡††‹• —••‹‘
’‘Ž‹–‹ •‹‹ˆŽ—‡ ‹‰ ‘–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ •‹
‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‹‰
Šƒ‰‡Ǥ ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡Ǥ

ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• –‘ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› ˆƒ –‘”• –Šƒ– ƒ—•‡ ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ ˜‹‘Ž‡ ‡ ƒ† ƒ„—•‡ ‘ˆ
Š—ƒ”‹‰Š–•‹–Š‡’”‘ ‡••‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡Ǥ

• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•
• —‹†‡Ž‹‡•‘Š—ƒ”‹‰Š–•

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͲ͸ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • •–‹–—–‹‘•‘ˆ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ ‰‘˜‡”ƒ ‡ǣ –Š”‘—‰Š„”ƒ‹•–‘”‹‰
‹•–‹–—–‹‘•‘ˆ - ‡š‡ —–‹˜‡• –‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›–Š‡
‰‘˜‡”ƒ ‡‹–Š‡ - Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–—”‡• ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•‘ˆ
’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•›•–‡•‘ˆ - ‘—”–• ‰‘˜‡”ƒ ‡‹ƒ
ƒ‰‘˜‡”‡–Ǥ • ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•ǡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•›•–‡•‘ˆ
• ”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡• ‹–‡”‡•–‰”‘—’•ƒ† ‰‘˜‡”‡–Ǥ
‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡• ‡Ž‡ –‹‘• • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
ƒ†‘–Š‡”‹–‡”‡•– • ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—” †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡”‘Ž‡•
‰”‘—’•‹–Š‡ ƒ† —Ž–—”‡ ‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•ƒ†
‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ • ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡• ‘–Š‡”‹–‡”‡•–‰”‘—’•‹
Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Ǥ ƒ†–ƒ –‹ • –Š‡‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –  Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Ǥ
‘ˆ–Š‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—” • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ†
ƒ† —Ž–—”‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ –ƒ•–Š‡–‘†‹• —••–Š‡
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ–Š‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”
’ƒ”–‹‡•‘‡ ‘‘‹  ƒ† —Ž–—”‡•‘ˆ–Š‡
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ
• ƒ†Š‡”‡•–‘–Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹‡•‘‡ ‘‘‹ 
’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ
ƒ†–ƒ –‹ ••‡–„› • ‡––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
–Š‡‰‘˜‡”‡–ˆ‘” „”ƒ‹•–‘”–Š‡ ‘‘
‡š‡ —–‹‰–Š‡‹” ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•ƒ†
†—–‹‡•Ǥ –ƒ –‹ ••‡–„›–Š‡
‰‘˜‡”‡–‘ˆ‰ƒ†ƒ
ˆ‘”‡š‡ —–‹‰–Š‡‹”
†—–‹‡•Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ••‹‰‡––‘ƒƒŽ›•‡–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•ƒ†–ƒ –‹ •—•‡†„›

’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘• ‹ ‰ƒ†ƒ ‹ ‡š‡ —–‹‰ –Š‡‹” †—–‹‡• ƒ† ƒ‡ Žƒ••
’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

• –‡”‡– ‘‡ –‹‘•

• ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘’‡†‹—

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͲͶ ‘—”•

Competences Content Teaching and Learning

Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • –”‘†— –‹‘–‘ • ‡ƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡†
• ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡•–Š‡ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ †‹• —••‹‘‘–Š‡
”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡‘ˆ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡‘ˆ
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• • ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”› ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•
ƒ‘‰–Š‡•–ƒ–‡•Ǥ ‹••—‡•‹’‘Ž‹–‹ •Ǥ ƒ‘‰–Š‡•–ƒ–‡•Ǥ
• ƒƒŽ›•‡•–Š‡ • ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ • • ”‘—’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›‹••—‡•‹ ‘‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ †‹• —••–Š‡
–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ •‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›‹••—‡•‹
‘—–”‹‡•Ǥ ’‘Ž‹–‹ •ƒ†–Š‡‹”‡ˆˆ‡ –•
• ‡šƒ‹‡•–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
’‘Ž‹–‹ •‘–Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•ƒ‘‰ 
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•–ƒ–‡•Ǥ

‹˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–ƒ••–‘ ƒ””›‘—–”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘–Š‡ ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›‹••—‡•‹’‘Ž‹–‹ •

–Šƒ–ƒˆˆ‡ –‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

• –‡”‡– ‘‡ –‹‘

• ‹†‡‘••Š‘™•‘’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽƒˆˆƒ‹”•
• ‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘•‡–
• ƒ†‹‘•‡–
• ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•

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•ŠŽ‡›ǡ Ǥ ”‡•–‡‹ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ ‘ ‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ –Š‡‘”›Ǣ Žƒ••‹ ƒŽ –ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ ͸–Š
‡†‹–‹‘Ǥ‘•–‘ǡƒ••ƒ Š—•‡––•ǡǣ‡ƒ”•‘†— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ’’ǤͻͶǦͻͺǡͳͲͲǦͳͲͶǤ

”— ƒǡ Ǥǡ ”‡‡ǡ Ǥǡ —Ž‹•‹ǡ Ǥ ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ȋ‡†•ǤȌ ȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ ƒ„”‹†‰‡ ƒ†„‘‘ ‘ˆ
š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‹‡ ‡ǡƒ„”‹†‰‡‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••‡™‘”Ǥ

’•–‡‹ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ ‡‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ ‹ƒŽ –—†‹‡• ‹ ‰‡–Ǧƒ•‡† ‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ

‘†‡Ž‹‰”‹ ‡–‘ǣ”‹ ‡–‘‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ ͲǦ͸ͻͳǦͳʹͷͶ͹Ǧ͵Ǥ

‹Ž„‡”–ǡ Ǥ Ƭ ”‘‹–œ• Šǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ “‹—Žƒ–‹‘n and Social Science”. Simulation fo”
‘ ‹ƒŽ ‹‡–‹•–•ǡʹ†‡†‹–‹‘Ǥ

‹ Šƒ‡ŽǡǤǤȋʹͲͳͳȌ̶Š‡‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”›’•› Š‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆƒ••’‘Ž‹–‹ •̶Ǥ ‘„‡”–•ǡǤ

Ǥ

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹͲ ‘—”•

Š‹•’”‘Œ‡ –‹•‹–‡†‡†–‘‡“—‹’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”™‹–Š•‹ŽŽ•ƒ†‘™Ž‡†‰‡–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›
‘—‹–› ‡‡†• ƒ† ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡ ‹ –Š‡ ’—„Ž‹  ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• –Š”‘—‰Š Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ƒ†
ƒ••‡†‹ƒ–‘‹ˆ‘”ǡ ƒ—•‡ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ƒ† ƒŽŽˆ‘”ƒ –‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‡’—„Ž‹ Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•’”‘Œ‡ –Ž‡˜‡Žǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘‰‡‡”ƒ–‡ƒ”‡’‘”–‘
–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•’‡”ˆ‘”‡†ƒ†™‹†—’–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ

—”ƒ–‹‘ǣͳʹͲ ‘—”•
Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • ”‘Œ‡ –ƒ’’”ƒ‹•ƒŽ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
• †‡•‹‰•ƒ’’”ƒ‹•ƒŽˆ‘”•Ǥ • ”‘Œ‡ –”‡’‘”– †‡˜‡Ž‘’’”‘Œ‡ –
• ƒ’’”ƒ‹•‡•–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –Ǥ • ”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ’’”ƒ‹•ƒŽˆ‘”•Ǥ
• ™”‹–‡•’”‘Œ‡ –”‡’‘”–Ǥ ’”‘Œ‡ – • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘
• ƒ‡•’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ  –Š‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡
–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –ȋ•Ȍ–‘ ’”‘Œ‡ –”‡’‘”–Ǥ
‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽǤ • ”‡’ƒ”‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•
ˆ‘”’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
–Š‡‹”’”‘Œ‡ –•–‘
‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ•Ǥ

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—”ƒ–‹‘ǣʹͶͲ ‘—”•

Š‹•‘†—Ž‡’”‘˜‹†‡•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”™‹–Š‘’’‘”–—‹–›‘ˆ’Žƒ ‡‡–‹‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•
–‘Šƒ˜‡’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ‡š’‘•—”‡–‘—ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‡˜‹”‘‡–•ƒ† ”‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›ƒ••‡••‡š‹•–‹‰
’”ƒ –‹ ‡• ‹ ™‘”’Žƒ ‡• ƒ• Š‡Ȁ•Š‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡• •‹ŽŽ• ƒ “—‹”‡† ‹ Žƒ•• ‹–‘ Š‹•ȀŠ‡”
ƒ”‡‡”Ǧ”‡Žƒ–‡†ƒ”‡ƒ•Ǥ

›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‹•‡š‡” ‹•‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†ǣ
‹Ȍ †‡˜‡Ž‘’–Š‡‹–‡”’‡”•‘ƒŽǡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–‡ƒ™‘”•‹ŽŽ•Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‡Šƒ ‡–Š‡™‘”‡–Š‹ •ƒ†’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ‹•Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ „‡–ƒŽ‡–Ǧ•’‘––‡†„›–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘™Š‡”‡Š‡Ȁ•Š‡‹–‡”‡†ˆ”‘Ǥ

Competences Content Teaching and Learning
Strategies
Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǣ • —”’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‡ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘
• ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–• ‹–‡”•Š‹’ –Š‡’Žƒ ‡‡–
Ž‡ƒ”–‹ Žƒ••–‘ • Žƒ ‡‡– ’”‘ ‡†—”‡•Ǥ
’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽŽ›’‡”ˆ‘”–Š‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡• • ‡ƒ†ƒˆ‹‡Ž†˜‹•‹––‘
ƒ••‹‰‡†–ƒ••‹–Š‡ • –‡”‡‡ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• ‡š’‘•‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘
‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ • ‘Ž‡•‘ˆ –Š‡™‘”‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ
• ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡ •—’‡”˜‹•‘”• • —’‡”˜‹•‡–Š‡‹–‡”‡‡•
ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ƒ––Š‡™‘” • ‘”ƒ–‘ˆ ‘–Š‡ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•
’Žƒ ‡Ǥ ‹–‡”•Š‹’”‡’‘”– —†‡”–ƒ‡‹–Š‡‹”
• ƒ†Š‡”‡•–‘–Š‡ –”ƒ‹‹‰Ǥ
–‹‡ˆ”ƒ‡Ǥ • —‹†‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘
• ™”‹–‡•ƒ‹–‡”•Š‹’ –Š‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‘ˆ™”‹–‹‰
”‡’‘”–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡ ‹–‡”•Š‹’”‡’‘”–•Ǥ
‰—‹†‡†ˆ‘”ƒ–Ǥ

‘‡•–ƒ†Ǥ ǤƬ‘˜Š‘Ž–ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰’”ƒ –‹–‹‘‡”•ǡͷ–Š‡†Ǥ

‘™ƒ”†ǡ†‡”•‘—„Ž‹•Š‹‰Ǥ
–—†‡”ǡ ǤǤƬ‹ƒ„”ƒǡ Ǥ ǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ‰—‹†‡–‘’”ƒ –‹ —Ƭ‹–‡”•Š‹’ˆ‘”• Š‘‘Ž
‘—•‡ŽŽ‘”•Ǧ‹Ǧ–”ƒ‹‹‰ǡͳ•–‡†Ǥ‘†‘ǡ‘—–Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ

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‰„‡•‡ǡǤȋʹͲͲͺȌǤThe Reporter’s Companionǡ‡™•™ƒ– Šƒ‰‘•

’ƒǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ‘—† ƒ† ‹‰Š– ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ —‰—ǡ Ž‹‰ƒ”Š —•Ž‹
‹˜‡”•‹–›.
Žƒ•‹ǡǤ ǤȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ ”ƒƒ”ˆ‘” –”‘†— –‘”›ƒ† –‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡‡˜‡Ž•
Ž–•–‹‡ŽǡǤƒ† ‡ƒǤ ǤǡȋʹͲͳʹȌǤ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ǣ–”ƒ–‡‰›ǡ‘’›ǡƒ†‡•‹‰Ǣ
Š‹”††‹–‹‘ǡ —„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ  Ǥ
’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘
•ŠŽ‡›ǤǡƬ”‡•–‡‹ǤǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ‘ ‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽŠ‡‘”›ǢŽƒ••‹ ƒŽ•–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ͸–Š
‡†Ǥ‘•–‘ǡƒ••ƒ Š—•‡––•ǡǡ‡ƒ”•‘†— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ƒ”ƒǡǤ ǤȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ –”‘†— –‹‘–‘ƒ••‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ‡™‘”ǡ ”ƒ™ ‹ŽŽǤ
ƒ””›ǡǤȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤŠ‡†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‘ ‡’–‘‘ǣ‘ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒƒ†‘”‡Ǣ͵”†
†‹–‹‘ǡŠƒ‡•Ƭ —†•‘—„Ž‹•Š‡”•–‘†‘Ǥ
ƒœ‹ǡ Ǥǡ ƒ‰—ƒǡ Ǥ Ƭ Œ‘‰ƒǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ ƒ•‹‰ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘
‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡͳ•–‡†ǡƒ’ƒŽƒǡ‰ƒ†ƒǤ
‡Ž ŠƬ‡Ž ŠǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ƭ”‘‘–‹‘ǡͷ–Š‡†Ǥƒ–ƒ ”ƒ™ ‹ŽŽǤ
‡Ž ŠƬ‡Ž ŠǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ƭ”‘‘–‹‘ǡͷ–Š‡†‹–‹‘Ǣ ”ƒ™ ‹ŽŽƒ–ƒ
‡”‰‡”ǡ Ǥ Ƭ ƒ–”ƒ•ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ ƒ† †‹ ƒ–‘”• ˆ‘” —ƒŽ‹–› Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•
”ƒ‹‹‰ •–‹–—–‹‘•ƒ† †‡–‹ˆ›‹‰‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡–”‡•‘ˆš ‡ŽŽ‡ ‡‹ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•
”ƒ‹‹‰‹ˆ”‹ ƒǣ Š‘‘Ž‘ˆ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•Ƭ‡†‹ƒ•–—†‹‡•ǡŠ‘†‡•‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ‘—–Š
ˆ”‹ ƒƬ ‘Ž‡—’‡”‹‡—”‡†‡Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹•†‡‹ŽŽ‡ȋ Ȍǡ ”ƒ ‡Ǥ
‡”ƒ†‹ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͺȌǤ ‡™•”‘‘ –Š‹ • ‹ ˆ”‹ ƒǣ —‡•– ˆ‘” ƒ ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡
”ƒ‡™‘”ǡ‘Ž—‡ͳǡ‘Ǥʹǡ–Ǥ—‰—•–‹‡‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡƒœƒ‹ƒǤ
‹”—‰‹ǡǤƬ—–‡›‘ǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ ‘‘‹ •ǡƒ’ƒŽƒǡ‰ƒ†ƒǤ
‹˜‹•ǡǤǡȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ‹š‡†‡†‹ƒǣ‘”ƒŽ‹•–‹ –‹‘•‹†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ǡ—„Ž‹ ‡Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ
ƒ† ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ʹ††‹–‹‘Ǣ‘—–Ž‡†‰‡–—‰‡‡Ǥ
‘†‡”ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ƒ˜‡’‘”–ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ƭ ”ƒ‰‡”ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ ‡’‘”–‹‰ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ••
‡†‹ƒǡ ͺ–Š‡†Ǥ‡™‘”ǡšˆ‘”†‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ
”‘Ž‡›ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤŠ‡†‘ˆ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ǫŠƒ‰‡•‹‘”’Žƒ ‡”ƒ –‹ ‡•‹–Š‡
”‡•• ƒ† ”‘ƒ† ƒ•–Ǧing in the 1990s. In M. Bromley & T. O’Malley (Eds.), A
Journalism Readerȋ’’Ǥ͵͵Ͳ–ͷͲȌǤ‘†‘ǡ‘—–Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ
”‘‘•ǡǤet al.ȋͳͻͻ͸ȌǤ‡™•‡’‘”–‹‰ƒ†”‹–‹‰.New York, St. Martin’s Press.
”› Šƒǡ Ǥǡ ‹ŽŽ‡”ǡ Ǥ Ƭ ›†‘ǡ Ǥǡ ȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ ‘˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ƒŽŽ —•‹‡••‡•ǡ
‘†‘ǡ‘‘‘‘‘—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
ƒ’ ƒ† ƒ––‡™Š‹–‡ ȋͳͻͻͺȌǤ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Ž‡ ‘‡  ”ƒ™ ‹ŽŽ ‡™
‘”Ǥ

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ƒ”‡›ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋͳͻͺͻȌǤ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ƒ• —Ž–—”‡ǣ ••ƒ›• ‘ ‡†‹ƒ ƒ† ‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ
‘—–Ž‡†‰‡‡™‘”Ǥ
ƒ”‡›ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ‘”‡™‘”†Ǥ  Ǥ ƒ”†–ȋ†ǤȌǡSocial theories of the pressȋ’’Ǥ‹š–
š‹˜ȌǤƒŠƒǡǣ‘™ƒƬ‹––Ž‡ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ
Šƒ”Ž‡›ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻ͸ȌǤ ‡’‘”–‹‰Ǥ ‘”‘–‘ǡ ‘Ž–ǡ ‹‡Šƒ”– Ƭ ‹•–‘ ‹˜‹Ž‡–‹
–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘’ƒ›Ǥ
Conti, J. A. & O’Neil, M. (2007). –—†›‹‰’‘™‡”ǣ—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡‡–Š‘†•ƒ†–Š‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽ
‡Ž‹–‡ǤQualitativeResearchǡ 7ǡ͸͵–ͺʹǤ
‘‘„•ǡǤǤƬ ‘ŽŽƒ†ƒ›ǡǤ ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ”‘ ‡‡†‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹•–‘”›‘ˆ
—„Ž‹  ‡Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡Ǣ ’”‹˜‹Ž‡‰‹‰ ƒ ƒ –‹˜‹•– ˜•Ǥ ƒ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡ ˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ’—„Ž‹ 
”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹•–‘”›‹–Š‡ǤǤ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‡–”ƒŽ Ž‘”‹†ƒ”Žƒ†‘ǡ ǡ͵ʹͺͳ͸Ǧ
ͳ͵ͶͶ
‘––Ž‡ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ‡†‹ƒ–‹œ‡†‘ˆŽ‹ –Ǥƒ‹†‡Š‡ƒ†ǡǡ’‡‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ
—•Š‹‘ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͺȌǤ ”—Ž› ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǫ  ‘–‡– ƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ǣ
Š‡‘”›ǡ ”ƒ –‹ ‡ ƒ† ”‹–‹ ‹• ƒ† ‘—”ƒŽ‹• –—†‹‡•Ǥ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ”ƒ –‹ ‡ǡ ʹ ȋʹȌ
ʹͺͲ–ʹͻ͵Ǥ
‡ˆŽ‡—”ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ƭ ‡‹•ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͶȌǤ †‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ƒ•• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘. ‘•–‘ǡ
‘—‰Š–‘‹ˆˆŽ‹Ǥ

‘ǡǤǤǡȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ”‹‡”‘ˆ—„Ž‹ ‡Žƒ–‹‘•‡•‡ƒ” ŠǡŠ‹”††‹–‹‘ǢŠ‡ —‹Žˆ‘”†

”‡••– Ž‘”‹†ƒǤ
‘ƒ˜ƒǡǤƬ—–œǡǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ™ƒŠ‹Ž‹ǣ‘’Ž‡–‡‘†—Ž‡ˆ‘”‡‰‹‡”•.ʹ†‡†Ǥ
ƒ”Ǧ‡•ǦƒŽƒƒǡ‹˜‹‰ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
”— ƒǡ Ǥǡ ”‡‡ǡ Ǥǡ —Ž‹•‹ǡ Ǥ ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ȋ‡†•ȌǤ ȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ ƒ„”‹†‰‡ ƒ†„‘‘ ‘ˆ
š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‹‡ ‡Ǥ‡™‘”ǡƒ„”‹†‰‡‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ
—‡œ‡ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ Ž‘„ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• †— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Journalism Studiesǡ ‘ŽǤ ͹ǡ ‘ ͳǡ
‘—–Ž‡†‰‡ǡƒ›Ž‘”Ƭ ”ƒ ‹•Ǥ
Entman, R. M. (2003). “ ”ƒ‹‰ǣ ‘™ƒ”† Žƒ”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ˆ”ƒ –—”‡† ’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰.”
Journal of communicationǤͶ͵ǣͷͳǦͷͺ
–ƒǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ Cascading Activation: Contesting the White House’s Frame
ƒˆ–‡”ͻȀͳͳ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ǤʹͲǣͶͳͷǦͶ͵ʹ
’•–‡‹ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ ‡‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ ‹ƒŽ –—†‹‡• ‹ ‰‡–Ǧƒ•‡† ‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‘†‡Ž‹‰Ǥ”‹ ‡–‘ǣ”‹ ‡–‘‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ ͲǦ͸ͻͳǦͳʹͷͶ͹Ǧ͵Ǥ
™‡Ž—™ƒǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǤ –”‘†— –‹‘ –‘ ‹‰‡”‹ƒ ”‡•• ƒ™. ‹–•Šƒǣ ƒ”ƒƒ–Š
”‡••‹‹–‡†Ǥ
ƒ””‡ŽŽǡǤ ǤƬ ƒ””‡ŽŽǡǤǤȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ—„Ž‹ ’‡ƒ‹‰ǣ‹ŽŽƒ†ˆ‘”— ‡••.
‘Žƒ”‹ǡ et alǤ ȋ†•ǤȌǤ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ Š‡‡• ‹ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ”‹–‹‰Ǥ ƒ‰‘•ǡ Ǥ
”ƒ ‹• ‘ǣǦ ‹ŽŽ ”ƒ™Ǥ

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”ƒŽ‹ǡ Ǥ ȋ†ǤȌǤ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ‘ ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ƒ† ‘ ƒŽ ‡†‹ƒǣ ƒ‹‰ –Š‡ ‘ ƒŽ
‡™•.‘†‘ǡ‘—–Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ
”ƒŽ‹ǡ Ǥǡ ƒ‡”ǡ Ǥǡ ƒƒǡ Ǥǡ ‹•‡›ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ‹ Šƒ”†•‘ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ Key
concepts in journalism
”‡‹”‡ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻ͹ͳȌǤ ‡†ƒ‰‘‰› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’’”‡••‡†Ǥ ‡™ ‘”ǡ Š‡ ‘–‹——
–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ—„Ž‹•Š‹‰ ”‘—’–†Ǥ
”‡‰ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ‹š‹‰ƒˆ‘”ƒŽŽ—•‹‡••Ǣ–”‡’”‡‡—””‡••–‡šƒ•Ǥ
ƒ„‡”ƒ•ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ‡†‹ƒ •‘ ‹‡–›ǣ ‘‡• †‡‘ ”ƒ ›
•–‹ŽŽ ‡Œ‘› ƒ ‡’‹•–‡‹  †‹‡•‹‘ǫ Š‡ ‹’ƒ – ‘ˆ ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ –Š‡‘”› ‘ ‡’‹”‹ ƒŽ
”‡•‡ƒ” ŠǤCommunication Theoryǡ16ȋͶȌǡͶͳͳ–Ͷʹ͸Ǥ
ƒ” —’ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤŠ‡–Š‹ ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–Ǥ‘†‘ǡƒ‰‡—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•
ƒ””‹‡•ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ƒŠŽǦ ‘”‰‡•‡ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ Š‡ —Ž–—”‡ ‘ˆ ”–• ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–•ǣ Ž‹–‹•–•ǡ
ƒ˜‹‘”•‘”ƒ‹ ‡’”‡••‹˜‡•ǫ ‘—”ƒŽ‹•ǡ8ȋ͸Ȍǡ͸ͳͻ–͸͵ͻǤ
ƒ””‹•‘ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͲȌǤ ‡””‡•–”‹ƒŽ  ‡™• ‹ ”‹–ƒ‹ǣ Š‡ —Ž–—”‡ ‘ˆ ”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ
ƒ Š‡•–‡”ǣƒ Š‡•–‡”‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ
ƒ”˜‡›ǡ Ǥǡȋͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ‘†‡” ‘‘‹ •Ǥ‘†‘ǡƒ ‹ŽŽƒ†— ƒ–‹‘’—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
‡Ž‡•‹ ‘˜‹ƒǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͷȌǤ ʹͲ–Š ‡–—”› ‡”‹ ƒ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• ƒ• ƒ ‹””‘” ‘ˆ ‘ ‹‡–›
ƒ Š‡Ž‘”ǡ ƒ•ƒ”› ‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ —Ž–› ‘ˆ †— ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‰Ž‹•Š ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ†
‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡ‡”‹ ƒ
‡™‹––ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͷȌǤ Writing for Broadcast News. (ʹ† ‡†ǤȌǢ ƒ›ˆ‹‡Ž† —„Ž‹•Š‹‰
‘’ƒ›‘†‘Ǥ
‘ŽŽ‹ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡ ǤǤǡ ƒ‡•ǡ Ǥǡ ‘šǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ The Effects of Political, Economic and
Organizational Factors On the Performance of Broadcast Media in Developing
CountriesǤ ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ ‡‘”‰‹ƒǡǣ–Š‡•ǡ
Š––’ǣȀȀ–Š‡ ‘‘™‡ƒŽ–ŠǤ‘”‰Ȁ‘—”Ǧ‡„‡”Ǧ ‘—–”‹‡•Ȁ—‰ƒ†ƒȀŠ‹•–‘”›ǡ Žƒ•–
ƒ ‡••‡†ͳͶ —Ž›ʹͲͳ͸
—Ž‡ǡǤǤƬ†‡”•‘ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤNews Writing and Reporting forToday’s Media.
‘•–‘ǣ ”ƒ™Ǧ ‹ŽŽ ‹‰Š‡”†— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
›„‡Ž•ǡǤƬ‡ƒ˜‡” ǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤCommunicating EffectivelyǤ‘•–‘ǣ
 ͻ͹ͺǦͲǦʹͶͲǦͷʹͲͺͲǦ͵ ȋ’„Ǥ ƒŽǤ ’ƒ’‡”Ȍ ͳǤ ‹†‡‘ ”‡ ‘”†‹‰Ǥ ʹǤ ‹†‡‘
”‡ ‘”†‹‰•—”‘†— –‹‘ ƒ† †‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥ Ǥ ™‡•ǡ ‹ǡ ͳͻͷ͹Ǧ Ǥ ‹–Ž‡Ǥ
͸͸ͷͷǤͷͷͷʹͲͲͺ͹͹ͺǤͷ† ʹʹ

ƒ‹•ǡ Ǥǡ ȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ –”‘†— –‹‘ –‘ –”ƒ–‡‰‹  —„Ž‹  ‡Žƒ–‹‘•ǣ ‹‰‹–ƒŽǡ Ž‘„ƒŽǡ ƒ†
‘ ‹ƒŽŽ› ‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǣ ͳ•– †‹–‹‘Ǣ   —„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ  Ǥ –
Ž‘”‹†ƒǤ

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‡•‡ǡǤƬ ƒ‘™•‹ǡǤǤ ƒ‘™•‹ǡǤǤȋͳͻͻͳȌǤ ƒ†‘‘‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡

‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ˆ‘”ƒ•• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ ‘—–Ž‡†‰‡ͳͳ‡™ ‡––‡”ƒ‡ǡ
‘†‘ͶͶǡ‘†‘
‘Š ”‡••™‡ŽŽ ȋʹͲͲͲȌǤ ‡•‡ƒ” Š ‡•‹‰ǣ —ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ —ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† ‹š‡†
‡–Š‘†•’’”‘ƒ Š‡•ǤŠ‘—•ƒ†ƒ•ǣƒ‰‡—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•
‘Š•–‘ǡ ǤƬƒ™ƒ™‹ǡǤȋʹͲͲͶȌǤPublic Relations Theory andJournal of Mass Media
Ethics, ͳͺǡͳ͵Ǧͳͷ
—•–‹‡‹’‹–Žƒ™‡†‹ƒƒ™ ƒ†„‘‘‘ˆƒ•–‡”ˆ”‹ ƒʹ—„Ž‹•Š‡†„›
‘”ƒ†Ǧ†‡ƒ—‡”Ǧ
ƒ”‘‘”‘ǡ ǤǤ ȋʹͲͳʹȌǤ “Uganda deserves trained journalists”.  ‹ ‡„”—ƒ”›
ʹͻͳʹƒ–Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™‡†‹ƒ ‡–”‡Ǥ‰‘Ǥ—‰Ȁ†‡–ƒ‹Ž•Ǥ’Š’ǫ ƒ–Ž†αʹƬ‹–‡αͳ͵ͺ͵Ǥ
‹”•Š‡„Žƒ––Ǧ ‹„Ž‡––ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤWhat Is Research Design? The Context of Design.
PerformanceStudies Methods Programme syllabusǤ‡™‘”‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ•’”‹‰
—”ƒ–‘ǡ ȋʹͲͲͺȌǤŠ‡ ‡”‰‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ †— ƒ–‹‘ǣ ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ
”‡†•ƒ†ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•Ǥͻ–Š†‹–‹‘
ƒ––‹‘”‡et alȋʹͲͲͶȌǤPublic Relations: The Profession and thePractice.
Law.

‡‡ǡ Ǥǡ ȋʹͲͳͺȌ †‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ —„Ž‹  ‡Žƒ–‹‘•ǣ Š‡‘”›ǡ —Ž–—”‡ǡ ƒ† ‘ ‹‡–›Ǣ ͳ•–
†‹–‹‘ǡ —„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•–†ǤǦ‘ Š‡•–‡”Ǥ
‡˜›ǡǤǡȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤŠ‡‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘• ‘Ž†‡ ‘—”ǣŠ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ —‹†‡–‘—„Ž‹ 
ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Š‡˜‡”› ‘—”‘—–•Ǣ—„Ž‹ ƒˆ‡–›”‡••–‡™‘”
‹’•‡› Ǥ Ǥǡ ȋʹͲͲͲȌǤ –”‘†— –‹‘ –‘ ‘•‹–‹˜‡  ‘‘‹ •ǡ ͳʹ–Š ‡†‹–‹‘Ǣ Š‡
††‹•‘Ǧ‡•Ž‡›—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǧ‘•–‘Ǥ
ƒŠ‡†”  ‘Šƒ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǣ †˜‡”–‹•‹‰ ƒƒ‰‡‡– Ǧ ‘ ‡’– Ƭ ƒ•‡•Ǣ ƒ–ƒ
 ”ƒ™ ‹ŽŽǢƒ—”†‹ǣ•ƒ ‘†”‹–‡”•Ǥ
ƒŠ‡†”ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ǧ‘ ‡’–Ƭƒ•‡•ǡ ”ƒ™ ‹ŽŽ
ƒ–ƒǤ
ƒŽ‡‹ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻͻȌǤ Mass Media Law: Cases and MaterialsǤ ƒ‰‘•ǣ ”ƒ ‡ —„Ž‹•Š‡”•
 ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡†Ǥ
Management: Principles Strategies, Issues and Cases.
ƒ”›‹ƒǡǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤGlobal Journalism, News in the Ugandan PressǣŠ‡ƒ•‡‘ˆThe
NewVisionǣY”‡„”‘‹˜‡”•‹–› Š‘‘Ž‘ˆ —ƒ‹–‹‡•ǡ†— ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‘ ‹ƒŽ ‹‡ ‡•
Mass Media in the Information Age (Instructor’s Edition), ‡™ ‡”•‡›ǣ”‡–‹ ‡ ƒŽŽǡ
ʹ͸ʹǤ
ƒ™ǡ ʹͲͳʹSwahili for starters:A practical introductory and intermediate level.
 ‘„•ǡǤǡƬŠƒ™ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲʹȌǤŠ‡ƒ‰‡†ƒǦ•‡––‹‰ˆ— –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‡†‹ƒǤ
Public OpinionQuarterlyǡ 36ȋʹȌǡͳ͹͸–ͳͺ͹ ”ƒ™ ‹ŽŽǤ

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‡ Š‡”ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤNews Reporting and Writingȋͻ–Š†ǤȌǤƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǣ ”ƒ™Ǧ ‹ŽŽǤ

‡ Š‡”ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ Mencher’s News Writing and reporting ȋͳͳ–Š †ǤȌǤ ‘•–‘ǣ
 ”ƒ™Ǧ ‹ŽŽ ‹‰Š‡”†— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹ Šƒ‡Žƒ‰‡–‡”•‡Ǥ̶Š‡‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”›’•› Š‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆƒ••’‘Ž‹–‹ •̶Ǥ ‘„‡”–•ǡ
ǤǤȋʹͲͳͳȌ
‹ Šƒ‡ŽǡǤȋʹͲͲͻȌǤƒ— ŠǨ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ƒ†”‘‘–‹‘‹‡ƒŽ‹‡Ǣƒ›Ž‘”
‘—†ƒ–‹‘ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒǤ
‘‡‡ƒǡ”‡ porter’sǤȋʹͲͲͲȌǤHandbook: unction Anto
‘›ƒǡ Ǥ ƒ† ›‡‘ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‡ Š‘Ž‘‰› ‹
„—•‹‡••ǡͳ•–†‹–‹‘Ǥ
—””ƒ›ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ‡ƒ Š ‘—”•‡Žˆ ƒ•‹  ‘’—–‡” ‹ŽŽ•Ǥ ‡™ †‹–‹‘Ǣ ‡ƒ Š
‘—”•‡Žˆ‘‘•Ǥ
™‡•‹‰‡ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǤ ‹••‡‹ƒ–‘”•ǡ †˜‘ ƒ–‡• ƒ† ƒ– Š†‘‰•ǣ  ’”‘ˆ‹Ž‡ ‘ˆ
‰anda’s journalists in the new millennium, P. 69Ǧͻ͸͸Ǥ
ƒ••ƒ‰ƒǡ ǤȋʹͲͲͺȌǤReshaping the Agenda for media training and research, global
mediajournal: Mediterranean Edition ͵ȋʹȌ’ǤͳʹǦʹͲǤ
†‘Ž‘ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤUnderstanding Business Communication™‘†—ǡǤCorporate
Public Relations Management.
‡—‡†‘”ˆǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ Š‡ ‘–‡– ƒŽ›•‹• —‹†‡„‘‘ ‹„‡”Ž›ǦŽ‡˜‡” Žƒ†
–ƒ–‡‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡƒ‰‡—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǦǤ
‡™•‘ ƒ† ‘ŽŽ‡”– ȋʹͲͲͺȌǤ Media Writing: Preparing Information for the Mass
Media. ‡™‘”ǣƒ†•™‘”–Š  Ǥ
™‘†—ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤJournalism Practice: News, Aesthetics, Ethicsand Laws. —‰—ǣ
Š› ‡‡”‡š—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
™‘•—ǡ ǡ  Ƭ †‡‹Ž‹ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ Public Relations: Speech, Media Writing and
Copy.
O’Donnell. ‡‘‹–ǡModern ǤƬRadio ƒ—•ƒǡǤProduction. ȋʹ† ‡†‹–‹‘ǤȌǤ
ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǣƒ†•™‘”–Š—„Ž‹•Š‹‰‘’ƒ›Ǥ
—ƒǡǤǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤEthics of Mass Communication,—‰—ǣ‡™ ‡‡”ƒ–‹‘‘‘•ǡ
’ǤͻǤ
‘Ž‘ǡǤȋʹͲͲͺȌǡCommunication and journalism curricula in Africa.Š‡ ƒ•‡‘ˆ
‡›ƒ‰ƒ†ƒƒ†ƒœƒ‹ƒǤƒ‹”‘„‹ǡ‡›ƒǤ
•–‡”ƒǡȋʹͲͳͶȌǡArticle Mwesige, PhD ’04, promoting quality journalism across
Africaǡ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‡„”ƒ•ƒǦ‹ ‘Ž‹‰‹–ƒŽǤ
ƒ‹‰‡ǡ Ǥǡ ‘‘‡ǡ ǤǤǡ Ƭ ‹‡Ž†‹‰ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͷȌǤŠ‹Ž†Š‘‘† ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǣ Š‡ ”‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ
–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ’”ƒ –‹–‹‘‡”Ǥ” Š‡†‹ƒ–”ͳʹǣͺ͸͵–ͷǤ
‡””‘–ǡǤǤǡȋʹͲͳͲȌǤEssentials of Business Kiswahili. A teach yourself Guide.ƒ‹”‘„‹ǡ
‡›ƒ—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘

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‡–‡”ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ Simplified SwahiliǤ ‡™ ‘”ǡ ‘‰ƒ ”‘—’ ”‡–‹ ‡ ƒŽŽ
”‹œ‡—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ
ƒ‹•‹ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͳȌǤƒ•‹  ‘’—–‡” ‹ŽŽ•Ǥ ͳ•– †‹–‹‘Ǣ —Ž–ƒ ƒ„‘‘•ǡ ‹˜‡”•‹–›
‘ŽŽ‡‰‡‘ˆ ‹‡ ‡Ǥ
‡††‹ǡǤǤǤȋʹͲͲͻȌǤEffective Public Relations and Media Strategy.
‡‡•‡ǡ ǤǤ ȋͳͻͻͻȌǤ The International Journal of Press / Politics. The progressive
Potential of Journalism Education: Recasting the Academic versus Professional
DebateǤƒ‰‡—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•
‡‡•‡ǡǤǤǡƬƒŽŽ‹‰‡”ǡ ǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤŠ‡”‘‘–•‘ˆƒ•‘ ‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ‡™•ǣ‡‡„‡”‹‰
”Ǥ ƒ–‡• ƒ† •‘ ‹ƒŽ ‘–”‘Ž ‹ –Š‡ ‡™•”‘‘Ǥ Journalism & Mass Communication
Quarterlyǡ78ȋͶȌǡ͸Ͷͳ–͸ͷͺǤ

‡‰‹ƒǡ ǤǤ ƒ† ƒ’‹œœ‘ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͺȌǤ —„Ž‹  ‡Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ’ƒ‹‰•ǣ  –‡‰”ƒ–‡†
’’”‘ƒ Šǡ ‹”•–†‹–‹‘Ǣ —„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ  ǤǢ›”ƒ —•‡Ǥ
‹– Š‹‡ǡ ǤƬ‡™‹‹•ǡ ǤȋʹͲͲͲȌ—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š’”ƒ –‹ ‡ƒ‰—‹†‡ˆ‘”•‘ ‹ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡
•–—†‡–•ƒ†”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”•Ǥ
ƒŽ‡‡‹ Ǥ ǡ ȋʹͲͳͳȌ  ‘‘‹ • •‹’Ž‹ˆ‹‡†Ǣ †™ƒ”† Ž‰ƒ” —„Ž‹•Š‹‰ –† –
‘”–Šƒ’–‘Ǥ
ƒŽ‡‡‹ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤŽ‡ –”‘‹ †ƒ–ƒ’”‘ ‡••‹‰•‹’Ž‹ˆ‹‡†ǤǤƒŽ‡‡‹—„Ž‹•Š‡”•ǡ
ƒ‹”‘„‹ǡ‡›ƒǤ
ƒ„‡ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤIntroduction to Mass Communication Practice inNigeriaǤ „ƒ†ƒǣ
’‡ –”—‘‘•
ƒ†‡Ž‘™•‹ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͲȌǤ Focus on Research Methods combining Qualitative and
Quantitative Sampling, Data Collection, and Analysis Techniques in Mixed-Method
Studies. ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒƒ–Šƒ’‡Ž ‹ŽŽǤ
‡ŽˆǡǤǤ ȋʹͲͳͷȌǤ Ž‘„ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ‹• †— ƒ–‹‘ǣ  ‹••‡† ’’‘”–—‹–› ˆ‘” ‡†‹ƒ
‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ‡–”‡ˆ‘”‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡†‹ƒƒ••‹•–ƒ ‡ȋ Ȍ
”‹˜ƒ•–ƒ˜ƒǤǤǢȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ‰—‹†‡–‘‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Ǣ—Ž–ƒŠƒ†
Ƭ‘•Ǧ‡™‡ŽŠ‹Ǥ
•‡–ƒ—ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ ƒ•‹   ‘‘‹ • ˆ‘” ƒ•– ˆ”‹ ƒǣ ‘ ‡’–•ǡ ƒŽ›•‹• ƒ†
’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǣ ‘—–ƒ‹ ‘—•‡’—„Ž‹•Š‡”•–ƒ’ƒŽƒ
–‘˜ƒŽŽǡWriting Ǥ ǤȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍ for .the. NewMass ‘”ǣMe p‹’‡studiesǤ‘†‘ǣƒ‰‡Ǥ
Style.

™ƒǡǤǡȋʹͲͳͶȌǤƒ•‡•‹—„Ž‹ ‡Žƒ–‹‘•ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǡʹ††‹–‹‘Ǣ‘—–‡Ž‡†‰‡
—„Ž‹•Š‡”•–‡™‘”Ǥ
ƒ„ƒ‹”‡ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤThe Press and Political Repression in Uganda:Journal of Eastern
AfricanStudies. ‘ŽǤͳǡ‘Ǥʹǡͳͻ͵Ǧʹͳͳ

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ƒ›‡„™‡ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤƒ•‹ ‡ ‘‘‹ •ǡƒ’ƒŽƒǡ‰ƒ†ƒthe Mass ȋͺ–Š‡†MediaǤȌǤ

ƒ›‡‡„™ƒǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͻȌǤLetter from Quebec; Journalism training in the era of Indy
media,masscom@20 June.
ƒ›‡‡„™ƒǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳʹȌǤ (Re) framing Mass Media Values: The Prospects and
Challenges of PeaceMedia in UgandaǤŠ–Š‡•‹•ǡ‘ ‘”†‹ƒ‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ
Š‡ʹͲͳͲ”‡••ƒ† ‘—”ƒŽ‹•–‹ŽŽȋ‡†‡–Ȍ
Š‡ ‹–‡† ƒ–‹‘• †— ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ  ‹‡–‹ˆ‹  ƒ† —Ž–—”ƒŽ –—†‹‡•Ǥ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘
”ƒ‹‹‰‹ˆ”‹ ƒǣ‘†‡Ž—””‹ —ŽƒǡʹͲͲʹ
‰ƒ†ƒǡ Ǥ  ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ”‘ƒ† ƒ•– Programme Writing and Production. Makurdiǣ •ƒ
‘†”‹–‡”•Ǥ
‰ƒ†‡ǡ ǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ”‘ƒ† ƒ•– Programme Writing and Production.
‡”ƒ”†ƒ‹•ǡ ‡‘”‰‡ ȋͳͻͻͺȌǤ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ †— ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ‘Ž‹–‹ • ‹˜‡”•‹–› ”‡•• ‘ˆ
‡”‹ ƒǤ’Ǥ͹͹Ǥ
‹—ŽǡǤȋʹͲͳʹȌǤPolitical Economy of Mass Media: Media and Mass Communication-
Handout;
Š‹–‡ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ Broadcast News Writing, Reporting and Production.ȋʹ† ‡†ǤȌǤ
‘•–‘ǣ ‘ ƒŽ”‡••Ǥ
‹‡”ǡ ”–Š—” ȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ Radio & TV; News Editing and WritingǤ  ǣ ”‘™
—„Ž‹•Š‡”•Ǥ




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Š‡‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•„‡Ž‘™•Š‘—Ž†„‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡††—”‹‰‹–‡”•Š‹’ǣ
• –•–ƒ”–•ƒ––Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡ʹ†‡‡•–‡”‘ˆ›‡ƒ”ʹ
• ––ƒ‡•ƒ‹‹—’‡”‹‘†‘ˆͺ™‡‡•Ǥ
• –‹• ƒ””‹‡†‘—–ƒ––Š‡™‘”Ž†‘ˆ™‘”Ž‘ ƒ–‡†‹ƒ›’ƒ”–‘ˆ‰ƒ†ƒ‹ Ž—†‹‰
–Š‡–”ƒ‹‹‰‹•–‹–—–‹‘•Ǥ

Š‡–”ƒ‹‹‰‹•–‹–—–‹‘Šƒ•–Š‡†—–›‘ˆǣ
‹Ȍ „—†‰‡–‹‰ˆ‘”‹–‡”•Š‹’Ǥ
‹‹Ȍ ‘„–ƒ‹‹‰‘‡›ˆ”‘‰‘˜‡”‡–ˆ‘”‰‘˜‡”‡–•’‘•‘”‡†Ž‡ƒ”‡”•Ǥ
‹‹‹Ȍ ‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰–‘–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•™Šƒ––Š‡›ƒ”‡‡š’‡ –‡†–‘†‘Ǥ
‹˜Ȍ ˆ‹†‹‰’Žƒ ‡‡–•ˆ‘”‹–‡”•Š‹’Ǥ
˜Ȍ ’‘•–‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•–‘‹–‡”•Š‹’Ǥ
˜‹Ȍ •—’‡”˜‹•‹‰ƒ†ƒ••‡••‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•†—”‹‰‹–‡”•Š‹’Ǥ

• Š‡”‡ •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ ™‘”Ž† ‘ˆ ™‘” ‘” ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘” ‹†—•–”› •—’‡”˜‹•‘” ƒ† ƒ
ƒ ƒ†‡‹ •—’‡”˜‹•‘”ˆ”‘–Š‡–”ƒ‹‹‰ •–‹–—–‹‘Ǥ
• Š‡ ƒ ƒ†‡‹  •—’‡”˜‹•‘” ˜‹•‹–• –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡” ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– ‘ ‡Ǥ —”‹‰ –Š‡•‡ ˜‹•‹–ǡ
•Š‡ȀŠ‡ ‹–‡”ƒ –• ™‹–Š –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”ǡ ˆ‹‡Ž† •—’‡”˜‹•‘”Ǣ ƒ† ˜‹•‹–• –Š‡
ƒ––ƒ Š‡–•‹–‡‘”™‘”’Žƒ ‡ƒ••Š‡ȀŠ‡ ƒ””‹‡•‘—––Š‡ƒ••‡••‡–Ǥ

Assessment
••‡••‡–ƒ”••Š‘—Ž†„‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œ‡†ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ
• ••‡••‡–„›ˆ‹‡Ž†•—’‡”˜‹•‘”   ͷͲΨ
• ••‡••‡–„›ƒ ƒ†‡‹ •—’‡”˜‹•‘” ͵ͲΨ
• ‹‡Ž†ƒ––ƒ Š‡–”‡’‘”–   ʹͲΨ

ŽŽ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ ƒ••‡••‡– ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡• •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– ˆ‘” ‘‡ –‘ ‘’Ž‡–‡
‹–‡”•Š‹’Ǥ Š‡ ƒ”• ƒ™ƒ”†‡† „› ‡ƒ Š ƒ–‡‰‘”› •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ˜‡”‹ˆ‹‡† „› 
–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†–Š‡”‡’‘”–•Ǥ



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ƒ‡‘ˆ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤƒ‡‘ˆˆ‹”ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
ƒ‡‘ˆŽ‡ƒ”‡”ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ‹‰ƒ–—”‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤƒ‡‘ˆ•—’‡”˜‹•‘”ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
‹‰ƒ–—”‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤƒ–‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
Area of Assessment Marks Score Area of Improvement


A Attendance (% age of days 5  

and times within the days
present)
B Work Performance 30  
Involvement
ͳǤ ‘Ǧ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š‘–Š‡” ͷ  
•–ƒˆˆ
ʹǤ ‡‡”ƒŽƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘—•‡ ͳͲ  
˜ƒ”‹‘—•‡“—‹’‡–ǡ
ƒ Š‹‡•ƒ†–‘‘Ž•‹–Š‡
ˆ‹”
͵Ǥ Ž‡š‹„‹Ž‹–›Ǧ™‹ŽŽ‹‰‡••–‘ ͹  
Ž‡ƒ”ˆ”‘˜ƒ”‹‘—••‡ –‹‘•
‹–Š‡ˆ‹”
ͶǤ ‘„’Žƒ‹‰ ͺ  
C Initiative and Innovations 15  
1. ”‘„Ž‡Ǧ•‘Ž˜‹‰ ͺ  
ʹǤ
‡™‹†‡ƒ•‘ ͹  
‹’”‘˜‡‡–ˆ‘”‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡ ›
‘ˆ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡‘”
‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•
D Time Management 5  
ͳǤ ‹‡ƒƒ‰‡‡– ͳ  
ʹǤ ‡ƒ˜‹‰ƒ–•’‡ ‹ˆ‹‡†„”‡ƒǦ ͳ  
‘ˆˆ‘”•–‘’’ƒ‰‡–‹‡
͵Ǥ ‡‡–‹‰†‡ƒ†Ž‹‡•‘ ͵  
ƒ••‹‰‡–•‰‹˜‡„›
•—’‡”˜‹•‘”•
E Discipline and Safety 15
Observation

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ͳǤ •‡‘ˆ”‹‰Š–ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ˆ‘” Ͷ  
”‹‰Š–Œ‘„
ʹǤ „‡›‹‰‹•–”— –‹‘• Ͷ  
͵Ǥ ”‘’‡”Šƒ†Ž‹‰‘ˆ ʹ  
‡“—‹’‡–ƒ†ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•
ͶǤ „‹Ž‹–›–‘’”ƒ –‹•‡•ƒˆ‡–› ͵  
‡ƒ•—”‡•ƒ––Š‡™‘”’Žƒ ‡
ͷǤ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹”•–ƒ‹† ʹ  
’”‘ ‡†—”‡•‹ ƒ•‡‘ˆ
ƒ ‹†‡–
F Practical Skills 20
ͳǤ „‹Ž‹–›–‘’—–‹–‘’”ƒ –‹ ‡ Ͷ  
–”ƒ‹‹‰‹•–”— –‹‘•ˆ”‘
•—’‡”˜‹•‘”•
ʹǤ „‹Ž‹–›–‘”‡Žƒ–‡–Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽ Ͷ  
‘™Ž‡†‰‡™‹–Š’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ
ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•
͵Ǥ ”‘’‡”—•‡‘ˆƒ—ƒŽ•ƒ† Ͷ  
‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
‹•–”— –‹‘•
ͶǤ „‹Ž‹–›–‘ ƒ””›‘—– Ͷ  
–”‘—„Ž‡•Š‘‘–‹‰‘
‡“—‹’‡–ǡȋ’—–”‹‰Š–
‹•–ƒ‡‹™‘”‘”
ˆ‹‹•Š‹‰Ȍ
ͷǤ „‹Ž‹–›–‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹ Ͷ  
‡“—‹’‡–ȋ Ž‡ƒƒ†
ƒ‹–ƒ‹–‘‘Ž•ƒ†
™‘”’Žƒ ‡Ȍ
G General Remarks (other 5  
assessment at discretion
of assessor)

Š‡ƒ••‡••‡–•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ ƒ””‹‡†‘—–ƒ•‹†‹ ƒ–‡†‹‡ƒ Šƒ”‡ƒ–Š‡–Š‡–‘–ƒŽƒ”‘„–ƒ‹‡†
™‹ŽŽ„‡ ‘’—–‡†‘—–‘ˆͷͲΨǤ




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ƒ‡‘ˆ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤƒ‡‘ˆˆ‹”ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
ƒ‡‘ˆŽ‡ƒ”‡”ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ‹‰ƒ–—”‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤƒ‡‘ˆ•—’‡”˜‹•‘”ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
‹‰ƒ–—”‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤƒ–‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
Area of Assessment Marks Score Area of Improvement

A Attendance (was the 5  

learner at the work
place?)
B Understanding of tasks 21  
ͳǤ ‹†–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡” ʹ  
’”‘˜‹†‡™‡‡Ž›
•—ƒ”›‘ˆ™‘”
’‡”ˆ‘”‡†ǫ
ʹǤ ‘™†‹†–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡” Ͷ  
†‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡–ƒ••
’‡”ˆ‘”‡†ǫ
͵Ǥ ‘™™ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡” ͵  
ƒ„Ž‡–‘‡š’Žƒ‹™Š›
–ƒ••™‡”‡„‡‹‰
†‘‡‹ƒ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”
™ƒ›ǫ
ͶǤ ‘™†‹†–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡” ͵  
‡š’Žƒ‹’”‘„Ž‡•
‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†™Š‡
ƒ””›‹‰‘—––Š‡™‘”
ƒ†Š‘™–Š‡›™‡”‡
•‘Ž˜‡†ǫ
ͷǤ ‘™†‹†–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡” ʹ  
‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‡
‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ†•‹ŽŽ•
ƒ “—‹”‡†ƒ––Š‡

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‹•–‹–—–‡–Šƒ–‡ƒ„Ž‡†
Š‹ȀŠ‡”–‘’‡”ˆ‘”ǫ
͸Ǥ ‘™†‹†–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡” ͵  
†‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡‡™
‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ†•‹ŽŽ•
‰ƒ‹‡†ǫ
͹Ǥ ‘™†‹†–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡” ʹ  
‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‡
”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’™‹–Š–Š‡
‘Ǧ™‘”‡”•ƒ†
•—’‡”˜‹•‘”•ƒ†Š‘™
–Š‡’Žƒ•–‘‹’”‘˜‡
‘”ƒ‹–ƒ‹‹–ǫ
ͺǤ ‘™†‹†–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‡” ʹ  
”‡Žƒ–‡–Š‡‹–‡”•Š‹’
–ƒ••–‘–Š‡
Žƒ••”‘‘–”ƒ‹‹‰ǫ
C General Remarks 4  
(other assessment at
discretion of
examiner)
Total mark 30  

Š‡ ƒ••‡••‡– •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– ƒ• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡† ‹ ‡ƒ Š ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ† –Š‡ –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ
ƒ”‘„–ƒ‹‡†•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ ‘’—–‡†‘—–‘ˆ͵ͲΨǤ



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Š‡”‡’‘”–•Š‘—Ž†„‡™”‹––‡‹‰Ž‹•Šƒ† ‘–ƒ‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–‘„‡ƒ••‡••‡†ƒ•
•Š‘™ǣ
No Contents Maximum
Score
ͳ Cover page: ͳƒ”
i) ƒ‡‘ˆ‹•–‹–—–‹‘
ii) ƒ‡‘ˆ†‡’ƒ”–‡–
iii) ƒ‡‘ˆŽ‡ƒ”‡”ƒ†›‡ƒ”‘ˆ•–—†›
iv) Žƒ ‡‘ˆ‹–‡”•Š‹’
v) ‡”‹‘†‘ˆ –‡”•Š‹’‡Ǥ‰Ǥ —Ž›Ǧ‡’–‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲ
vi)  ƒ†‡‹ ƒ†ˆ‹‡Ž†•upervisor’s signatures
ʹ Acknowledgements ͲǤͷƒ”•
i)  ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒŽŽƒ••‹•–ƒ ‡†—”‹‰ˆ‹‡Ž†–”ƒ‹‹‰
ii)  ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ••‹•–ƒ ‡†—”‹‰”‡’‘”–™”‹–‹‰
͵ Executive summary or abstract ʹƒ”•
i) ‘‹ Ž—†‡•–ƒ–‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‘•–’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ™‘” ƒ””‹‡†‘—–
ii) ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•
iii) ‘ Ž—•‹‘•
Ͷ Table of contents ͲǤͷƒ”•
‘ •Š‘™ –Š‡ ‘–‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡’‘”– ƒ† ’ƒ‰‡ —„‡”• ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡›
ˆ‹”•–‘ —”
ͷ List of figures ͲǤͷƒ”•
i) ŽŽˆ‹‰—”‡•‹–Š‡”‡’‘”–•Š‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡ƒ—„‡”ƒ†ƒ ƒ’–‹‘
ii) ‹‰—”‡••Š‘—Ž†„‡—„‡”‡†ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡ Šƒ’–‡”• ™Š‡”‡
–Š‡› ‘ —” ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡Ǣ ‹‰—”‡ ͶǤͳǡ –‘ ”‡ˆ‡” –‘ ˆ‹”•– ˆ‹‰—”‡ ‹
Šƒ’–‡”Ͷ
iii) Š‡’ƒ‰‡•™Š‡”‡–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡•‘ —”•Š‘—Ž†„‡•Š‘™‹–Š‡Ž‹•–
‘ˆˆ‹‰—”‡•
͸ List of tables ͲǤͷƒ”•
i) ŽŽ–ƒ„Ž‡•‹–Š‡”‡’‘”–•Š‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡ƒ—„‡”ƒ†ƒŠ‡ƒ†‹‰
ii) ƒ„Ž‡• •Š‘—Ž† „‡ —„‡”‡† ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ Šƒ’–‡”• ™Š‡”‡
–Š‡› ‘ —”ǡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ  ƒ„Ž‡ ʹǤͳǡ –‘ ”‡ˆ‡” –‘ ˆ‹”•– –ƒ„Ž‡ ‹
Šƒ’–‡”ʹ
iii) Š‡’ƒ‰‡•™Š‡”‡–Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡•‘ —”•Š‘—Ž†„‡•Š‘™‹–Š‡Ž‹•–‘ˆ
–ƒ„Ž‡•
͹ List of acronyms or abbreviations ͲǤͷƒ”•
 ”‘›•—•‡†•Š‘—Ž†„‡‰‹˜‡‹ƒŽ’Šƒ„‡–‹ ƒŽ‘”†‡”™‹–Š–Š‡‹”ˆ—ŽŽ
”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡

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ͺ Introduction ʹƒ”•
i) ‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒ††‡• ”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ’Žƒ ‡‘ˆˆ‹‡Ž†ƒ––ƒ Š‡–
ii) „Œ‡ –‹˜‡•‘ˆˆ‹‡Ž†ƒ––ƒ Š‡–
iii) –”— –—”‡ǡ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘
iv) ƒ•• ƒ””‹‡†‘—–„›–Š‡’Žƒ ‡ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘‡Ǥ‰Ǥ‹ˆ‹•–”‹ –‘ ƒŽ
‘˜‡”‡–†‡• ”‹„‡‹–•”‘Ž‡‹•‘ ‹‡–›
ͻ Main body of the report ͺƒ”•
i) ‡• ”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ™‘” ƒ””‹‡†‘—–
ii) —–‹‡•ƒ†”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ƒ••‹‰‡†ƒ†Š‘™–Š‡›™‡”‡ ƒ””‹‡†
‘—–
iii) ‡™‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ†•‹ŽŽ•‰ƒ‹‡†
iv) ‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’™‹–Š‘–Š‡”•–ƒˆˆƒ†•—’‡”˜‹•‘”
v) ”‘„Ž‡•‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†ƒ†Š‘™–Š‡›™‡”‡Šƒ†Ž‡†
ͳͲ Conclusions ͳƒ”
„”‹‡ˆ•—ƒ”›‘ˆ‘™Ž‡†‰‡‰ƒ‹‡†ƒ•‘—–Ž‹‡†‹–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡•
ͳͳ Recommendations ͳǤͷƒ”•
i) ‘” ‹’”‘˜‹‰ ‹–‡”•Š‹’ǡ —•—ƒŽŽ› †‡”‹˜‡† ˆ”‘ ’”‘„Ž‡•
‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†
ii) ‘”‹’”‘˜‡‡–‘ˆ™‘”‘—–’—–ƒ––Š‡’Žƒ ‡‘ˆ™‘”ȋ–Š‹•‹•
‹ Ž—†‡†‹ˆƒŽŽ‘™‡†„›–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†•—’‡”˜‹•‘”Ȍ
ͳʹ References ͳƒ”
i) ‡•‹‰•–ƒ†ƒ”†•ƒ†‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•—•‡††—”‹‰–”ƒ‹‹‰
ii) ‘‘•ƒ†‹–‡”‡–ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•—•‡†
iii) •–›Ž‡‘ˆ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‹‰•Š‘—Ž†„‡—•‡†ˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡›ƒŽ‹‹•ƒǡ
ǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ“Effect of window net on the reduction of Malaria,”
‘—”ƒŽ ‡ƒŽ–Š‘•–”— –‹‘ǡ‘Žͳ͹ǡƒ‰‡ͳʹ͵Ǧͳʹ͹
ͳ͵ Appendices ͳƒ”
i) ”ƒ™‹‰•
ii) Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š•ǡ‡– Ǥ

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152
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Kampala.
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