Rel.

date
0NN EUCIP Elective
Profile
2004
1 Business
Analyst

2007
2 Client Manager

2006
3 Data Centre &
Configuration
Manager

2006
4 Database
Manager

2006
5 Enterprise
Solutions
Consultant

2006
6 Help Desk
Supervisor

2004
7 Information
Systems Analyst

2007
8 Information
Systems Auditor

2006
9 Information
Systems
Manager

2006
10 Information
Systems Project
Manager

2006
11 IT Systems
Architect
2007
12 IT Trainer

2006
13 Logistics &
Automation
Consultant

2004
14 Network
Manager

2007
15 Sales and
Application
Consultant

2006
16 Security Adviser

2004
17 Software
Developer

2006
18 Systems
Integration &
Testing Engineer

2006
19 Telecom-
munications
Architect

2006
20 Web &
Multimedia
Master

2006
21 X-Systems
Engineer
 Short description

A EUCIP Business Analyst is expected to be very effective in understanding business cases, eliciting
requirements, modelling business processes and identifying the appropriate type of ICT solutions. For this role, a
high level professional attitude and the ability to communicate are as vital as a wide and thorough ICT
competence.
plan
A EUCIP Client Manager is expected to combine a broad knowledge of ICT and information systems with
advanced marketing, planning and account management concepts. Essential skills include the ability to
negotiate and convince, as well as to monitor the quality of products and services provided to the client, either in
single projects or in ongoing service contracts, up to ASP.

plan
A EUCIP Data Centre and Configuration Manager is expected to have a structured approach to design, set-up
and maintenance of an IT-enabled working environment, both in case of a development environment and in case
of a "live" system for end-users; this requires specific competences on quality procedures and on workflow
management systems and tools.

operate
A EUCIP Database Manager is expected to play a key role both in designing data structures and in daily DB
administration; therefore, skills requirements include a deep competence in all aspects of database
technologies, a teamworking approach to project environments, proficiency in data modelling techniques, but
also effectiveness in defining and applying procedures and organising routine operations.

build
A EUCIP Enterprise Solutions Consultant is expected to combine business analysis skills with a specific
effectiveness in customising and configuring the features of business software packages like CRM suites and
the administrative modules of ERP systems. Professional consultancy skills and a general competence in the
integration of enterprise applications are also vital.

plan
A EUCIP Help Desk Supervisor is expected to be effective in providing technical support; this requires
competence in a specific technology (context-dependent e.g. web services), but also familiarity with SLA
contracts, awareness on client business operational priorities and on typical user issues, as well as a positive
attitude to problem response and customer relations.

operate
A EUCIP Information Systems Analyst is expected to be very effective in identifying requirements for ICT
systems and defining models of information flows and business objects. A wide and thorough ICT competence
has to be combined with the ability to interact with users and colleagues.

build
A EUCIP Information Systems Auditor provides an independent assurance of security, quality, compliance and
value contribution of information systems to a specific organisation (reporting to the highest corporate or board
responsibility). An IS Auditor is expected to demonstrate sound technical competence, independence of opinion,
compliance to the Code of Professional Ethic.

plan
An EUCIP Information Systems Manager is expected to have a broad competence both in ICT and in
organisational issues related to an effective and efficient use of information in a business environment. Skills of
planning and innovating must be combined with a steady service-oriented approach and the ability to react and
solve practical problems using available resources.

plan
A EUCIP Information Systems Project Manager is expected to be very effective in organising people and
technical resources to achieve essential project goals in compliance with agreed constraints on quality, time and
costs. This requires a specific competence in project management techniques (both in case of packaged
solutions and custom development) and a broad knowledge of ICT and Information Systems.

plan
A EUCIP IT Systems Architect is expected to play a key role in designing performing and secure IT systems -
with a special focus on software architectures - integrating and upgrading them; besides a thorough competence
in ICT (all domains: software, hardware and networks), this requires specific design techniques and the ability to
describe a system in terms of components and logical flows.

build
A EUCIP IT Trainer is expected to be very effective in communicating IT concepts, training users and motivating
them to make the most of IT systems; requirements include a broad ICT culture, a focus on a specific technology
(context-dependent, e.g. groupware products), excellent presentation skills and proficiency in training
techniques, including design and preparation of effective courseware.

operate
A EUCIP Logistics and Automation Consultant is expected to combine process analysis skills with a specific
effectiveness in identifying and implementing IT solutions for industrial operations. This requires a thorough
competence on CIM architectures, MES, packages for SCM and the logistic modules of ERP systems.
Professional consultancy skills and a general competence in systems development are also vital.

plan
A EUCIP Network Manager is expected to be very effective in managing a networked information system of
medium complexity, and improving its performances. Should also be proficient in interactions with network
architects and possible external suppliers across all phases of a network‟s lifecycle.

operate
A EUCIP Sales and Application Consultant is expected to combine competence in a specific technology
(context-dependent, e.g. CAD) with advanced marketing concepts and a general knowledge of typical client
needs. Effectiveness in persuading when presenting solutions, practical demonstrations and commercial
proposals is a must.

plan
A EUCIP Security Adviser is expected to be very effective in identifying security requirements for ICT systems
and defining reliable and manageable solutions. A wide and thorough ICT competence has to be combined with
the ability to interact with other ICT functions to foster the integration of security technologies within the ICT
infrastructure.

operate
A EUCIP Software Developer is expected to play a considerable technical role in information systems design
and to be very effective in carrying out the creation and maintenance of complex software modules that typically
need to be integrated into a wider information system. Different specialisations are possible, either in the field of
applications and web services or in system-level software.

build
A EUCIP Systems Integration and Testing Engineer is expected to be very effective in several different areas of
systems development: preparing end-user documentation, setting up IT systems, testing their functionality as a
whole and as single component modules, identifying anomalies and diagnosing possible causes. Requirements
include a specific knowledge on how interfaces between software modules are built.

build
A EUCIP Telecommunication Architect is expected to combine telecommunication skills with a specific
effectiveness in identifying and implementing IT solutions for digital convergence. This requires a thorough
competence on wireless digital communications over analogue media as on transfer of analogue signals over
digital networks. Professional consultancy skills and a general competence in systems development are also
important.
operate
A EUCIP Web & Multimedia Master is expected to combine design, development and administration skills for
multimedia applications and websites; all aspects benefit from a thorough understanding of web systems and
technologies, but creativity required for finding nice graphics and animation must be balanced by assessments
on usability and accessibility, and a structured approach to publishing and administration.

build
A EUCIP X-Systems Engineer is expected to have a specific competence on various operating systems and
related troubleshooting methods, performance tuning, system-level programming and cross-platform integration;
diagnosing and problem solving attitudes are required in order to provide support both on proprietary and open
systems, including hybrid configurations.

operate
A1
A1
A1
A1
A1
A1
A1
A1

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
<- Количестово вхождения skill в профили

1
2
1
1
2
8
8
9
1. Business Analyst

+
+
+
2. Client Manager

+
3. Data Centre & Configuration Manager

+
+
4. Database Manager

5. Enterprise Solutions Consultant

+
+
+
+
+
6. Help Desk Supervisor

+
+
7. Information Systems Analyst

+
+
+
9. Information Systems Auditor

+
10. Information Systems Manager

+
+
11. Information Systems Project Manager

+
12. IT Systems Architect

+
+
+
12. IT Trainer
17 18 23 21 14 20 19 19 20 23 20 12
IT Professional Profile Sp
A1 9 1 +
A1 10 2 +
A1 11 1
A1 12 1 +
A2 1 7 + + + + + +
A2 2 1 +
A2 3 2 + +
A2 4 1 +
A2 5 1
A2 6 2 +
A2 8 1 +
A3 1 5 + + + + +
A3 2 3 + + +
A3 3 2
A3 4 2 + +
A3 5 1
A3 6 2 +
A3 7 1 +
A4 1 10 + + + + + + + +
A4 2 8 + + + + + + +
A4 3 4 +
A4 4 1
A4 5 1 +
A4 6 1
A4 7 1
A5 1 10 + + + + + + +
A5 2 6 + + + + +
A5 3 3 +
A5 4 1 +
A5 5 1 +
A5 6 1 +
A5 7 1 +
A5 8 1 +
A5 9 1 +
A5 10 1 +
A5 11 2 + +
A5 12 1 +
A5 13 2 + +
A5 14 1 +
A6 1 9 + + + + + + + +
A6 2 2 +
A6 3 3 + +
A6 4 1 +
A6 5 2 +
A6 7 1 +
A6 8 1 +
A6 9 1
A7 1 2 + +
A7 2 4 + + +
A7 3 3 + +
A7 4 2 + +
A7 5 2 + +
A7 6 1
A7 7 1
A7 9 2 +
A7 10 1 +
A7 11 1 +
A7 12 1 +
B1 1 7 + + + + + +
B1 2 3 + +
B1 3 3 + + +
B1 4 4 + + +
B1 5 6 + + + + +
B1 6 3 + +
B1 7 1
B1 8 6 + + + +
B1 9 3 +
B1 10 3 +
B1 11 3 +
B1 12 8 + + +
B1 13 2 + +
B1 14 6 + + +
B1 15 2 + +
B2 1 4 + + +
B2 2 2 +
B2 3 3 + +
B2 4 2 +
B2 5 3 +
B2 6 3 + +
B2 7 3 +
B2 8 2 + +
B2 9 1 +
B2 10 1 +
B2 11 1 +
B2 12 1 +
B2 13 1
B3 1 2
B3 2 3
B3 3 3 +
B3 4 3
B3 5 6 + + + + +
B3 6 1
B3 7 2 +
B3 8 2 +
B3 9 1
B4 1 2 +
B4 2 2
B4 3 3 +
B4 4 2 +
B4 5 2 +
B4 6 1
C1 1 2 + +
C1 2 3 + +
C2 1 4 +
C2 2 1
C2 3 1
C2 4 3 + +
C2 5 1
C3 1 7 + + +
C3 2 3
C3 3 2
C3 4 4
C3 5 1
C3 6 4 +
C3 7 2
C3 8 1
C3 10 1
C4 1 2
C4 2 4 +
C4 3 3 +
C4 4 2
C4 5 2 + +
C4 6 1
C4 7 1
C5 1 2
C5 2 1
C5 3 1
C5 4 1
C6 1 1
C6 2 2
C7 1 7 + + + + + + +
C7 2 7 + + + + +
C7 3 3 + + +
C7 4 2 + +
C7 5 1 +
C7 6 1 +
C7 7 1 +
C7 8 1 +
 13. Logistics & Automation Consultant

+
+
+
+
+
+
14. Network Manager

+
15. Sales and Application Consultant

16. Security Adviser

17. Software Developer

18. Systems Integration & Testing Engineer

+
19. Telecom- munications Architect

20. Web & Multimedia Master

21. X-Systems Engineer

+
rofile Specification

16 18 13 15 18 21 14 18 15 <
< < < < <- Количестово вхождения skill в профили

1
2
1
1
2
8
8
9
<
 1
+ 2
+ 1
1
+ 7
1
2
1
+ 1
+ 2
1
5
3
+ + 2
2
+ 1
+ 2
1
+ + 10
+ 8
+ + + 4
+ 1
1
+ 1
+ 1
+ + + 10
+ 6
+ + 3
1
1
1
1
1
 1
1
2
1
2
1
+ 9
+ 2
+ 3
1
+ 2
1
1
+ 1
2
+ 4
+ 3
2
2
+ 1
+ 1
+ 2
1
1
1
+ 7
+ 3
3
+ 4
+ 6
+ 3
+ 1
+ + 6
 + + 3
+ + 3
+ + 3
+ + + + + 8
2
+ + + 6
2
+ 4
+ 2
+ 3
+ 2
+ + 3
+ 3
+ + 3
2
1
1
1
1
+ 1
+ + 2
+ + + 3
+ + 3
+ + + 3
+ 6
+ 1
+ 2
+ 2
+ 1
+ 2
+ + 2
+ + 3
+ 2
 + 2
+ 1
2
+ 3
+ + + 4
+ 1
+ 1
+ 3
+ 1
+ + + + 7
+ + + 3
+ + 2
+ + + + 4
+ 1
+ + + 4
+ + 2
+ 1
+ 1
+ + 2
+ + + 4
+ + 3
+ + 2
2
+ 1
+ 1
+ + 2
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ + 2
7
+ + 7
3
2
1
1
1
1
 http://ects.org.ua
Представлены 21 профиль IT специалистов.
По приведенной таблице можно определить
какие умения (skills) необходимы для
специалистов каждого профиля.
Детализацию каждой строчки competence
можно скоро будет посмотреть на сайте
http://ects.org.ua
Там же можно свободно скачать эту таблицу.
CC-BY-NC-SA
Богачков Ю.Н., Ухань П.С.
Лицензия «С указанием авторства —
Некоммерческая — С сохранением условий»

<- Количество skills в кажом профиле 1-21

IT Professional competence
A1.01 Business activity and business process modelling [ 2,5 ]
A1.02 Requirements engineering [2]
A1.03 Organisational strategies and related IT system selection [ 1,5 ]
A1.04 Accounting standards and processes [ 2,5 ]
A1.05 Marketing and sales administration processes [ 3 ]
A1.06 Product/Process engineering and costing [ 2,5 ]
A1.07 Planning and inventory control [ 2 ]
A1.08 Purchasing and production processes [ 2,5 ]
A1.09 Help Desk program definition [ 1,5 ]
A1.10 Marketing of IT products and services [ 1,5 ]
A1.11 Product expertise for offer marketing [ 1,5 ]
A1.12 Training needs analysis [ 2 ]
A2.01 Information Systems in the business environment [ 1,5 ]
A2.02 Information Systems management [ 1,5 ]
A2.03 Business intelligence & data warehousing [ 1,5 ]
A2.04 Human resources and working environment [ 2 ]
A2.05 Business continuity planning [ 2 ]
A2.06 Key IT process control [ 1 ]
A2.08 IT Governance [ 1,5 ]
A3.01 Accounting and financial management [ 2 ]
A3.02 IT organisational structure and measuring benefits [ 1,5 ]
A3.03 Solution envisaging [ 1,5 ]
A3.04 Customer Management and Retention [ 1 ]
A3.05 IT security economics and business strategies [ 2 ]
A3.06 Customer and contract acquisition [ 2 ]
A3.07 Risk Management [ 1,5 ]
A4.01 New technology opportunities and business needs [ 4 ]
A4.02 Package selection and implementation lifecycle [ 1 ]
A4.03 Package implementation techniques [ 2,5 ]
A4.04 Technology opportunities and package selection [ 1 ]
A4.05 Call center technologies [ 1,5 ]
A4.06 Web marketing [ 2 ]
A4.07 Preparing an IT product demonstration [ 1,5 ]
A5.01 Project Management essentials [ 1,5 ]
A5.02 Estimating for system development [ 1 ]
A5.03 Project coordination [ 1 ]
A5.04 Integration management [ 1 ]
A5.05 Scope management [ 1 ]
A5.06 Time management [ 1 ]
A5.07 Cost management [ 1 ]
A5.08 Quality management [ 1 ]
A5.09 Human resource management [ 1 ]
A5.10 Communication management [ 1 ]
A5.11 Risk management [ 1 ]
A5.12 Procurement management [ 1 ]
A5.13 Project Management tools [ 2 ]
A5.14 Training programme design [ 2 ]
A6.01 Managing business change [ 1,5 ]
A6.02 Develop in a collaborative environment [ 1,5 ]
A6.03 Communication professionalism [ 1,5 ]
A6.04 Human resource and team management [ 1,5 ]
A6.05 Selling techniques [ 1 ]
A6.07 Training delivery [ 2,5 ]
A6.08 Training evaluation [1,5]
A6.09 Demonstrating an IT solution [ 1,5 ]
A7.01 Health and safety [ 1 ]
A7.02 Business risk and IT security [ 1,5 ]
A7.03 Data protection [ 1 ]
A7.04 Managing Business risk and IT security [ 1,5 ]
A7.05 Managing Data protection [ 1,5 ]
A7.06 Access-control policies, models and mechanisms [ 2 ]
A7.07 Risk analysis and management [ 2 ]
A7.09 IS audit process [ 2 ]
A7.10 Gathering evidence through sampling [ 1,5 ]
A7.11 Compliance evaluation [ 1,5 ]
A7.12 IT Security Assurance [ 1,5 ]
B1.01 System development lifecycles [ 1,5 ]
B1.02 User centred analysis and development [ 1 ]
B1.03 RAD approaches to the system development lifecycle [ 1 ]
B1.04 Tools and techniques for development, testing IT systems [ 1 ]
B1.05 Systems design and implementation [ 1,5 ]
B1.06 Object oriented approach to systems analysis [ 1 ]
B1.07 Object oriented approach to systems development [ 1,5 ]
B1.08 Software engineering principles [ 1 ]
B1.09 Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) and IDE tools [ 1 ]
B1.10 “Dry run” application testing [ 1,5 ]
B1.11 Enterprise Applications Integration [ 1 ]
B1.12 Defining a solution architecture [ 1 ]
B1.13 Managing a development environment [ 1,5 ]
B1.14 System deployment methods [ 1 ]
B1.15 Managing enterprise applications integration [ 1 ]
B2.01 Information modelling techniques and tools [ 1 ]
B2.02 Designing and implementing databases [ 2 ]
B2.03 Working with databases [ 1 ]
B2.04 Designing business solutions with transactional support [ 1,5 ]
B2.05 Data migration [ 2 ]
B2.06 Data warehousing [ 2,5 ]
B2.07 Database creation and maintenance [ 1,5 ]
B2.08 Database administration [ 1,5 ]
B2.09 Configuring a database in a network environment [ 1,5 ]
B2.10 Database performance tuning [ 1,5 ]
B2.11 Data mining [ 1,5 ]
B2.12 Semi-structured data and information retrieval [ 1,5 ]
B2.13 Database security [ 3 ]
B3.01 Programming [ 4,5 ]
B3.02 Languages [ 4,5 ]
B3.03 Software development process [ 1,5 ]
B3.04 Designing distributed and critical applications [ 1,5 ]
B3.05 Principles of testing [ 1,5 ]
B3.06 Secure programming [ 2 ]
B3.07 Build reports [ 1 ]
B3.08 Writing technical documentation and procedures [ 1,5 ]
B3.09 Testing management [ 1 ]
B4.01 Web site development and usage [ 1,5 ]
B4.02 Designing and developing web applications [ 1,5 ]
B4.03 Build internet applications [ 1 ]
B4.04 Image editing [ 2 ]
B4.05 Multimedia editing [ 3 ]
B4.06 Web-based applications [ 1,5 ]
C1.01 Computer hardware selection and management [ 1,5 ]
C1.02 Distributed computing architecture [ 2 ]
C2.01 Operating Systems [ 2 ]
C2.02 Resource sharing [ 3,5 ]
C2.03 Operating System tailoring [ 4 ]
C2.04 Essentials of Operating Systems & resource sharing [ 2 ]
C2.05 Operating Systems security [ 2 ]
C3.01 Network principles and standards [ 1,5 ]
C3.02 Ethernet [ 1,5 ]
C3.03 Apparatus and structured cabling [ 1 ]
C3.04 IP communications [ 2,5 ]
C3.05 Non-IP network protocols [ 1,5 ]
C3.06 Modem and modulations [ 1,5 ]
C3.07 Routing [ 1,5 ]
C3.08 Network segmenting and VLANs [ 1 ]
C3.10 Data representation and protocols [ 2 ]
C4.01 Network security [ 3 ]
C4.02 World Wide Web [ 2 ]
C4.03 E-Mail principles and management [ 2 ]
C4.04 VOIP/QOS [ 1 ]
C4.05 Web exploitation essentials [ 1 ]
C4.06 Network attack prevention [2,5]
C4.07 Web application security [ 2,5 ]
C5.01 Wireless networking protocols [ 1,5 ]
C5.02 Wireless security [ 2 ]
C5.03 Modulation schemes and characteristics [ 2 ]
C5.04 Transmission and propagation [ 2,5 ]
C6.01 Network management [ 1 ]
C6.02 Network troubleshooting [ 1 ]
C7.01 IT service delivery [ 1,5 ]
C7.02 Service Management essentials [ 1,5 ]
C7.03 Change and configuration management [ 2 ]
C7.04 Quality and performance standard [ 1,5 ]
C7.05 Customer interaction techniques [ 1,5 ]
C7.06 Troubleshooting and problem prevention [ 1,5 ]
C7.07 Service survey [ 1 ]
C7.08 Controlling and communicating the scope of IT services [ 1 ]
 Industries
Accounting
Airlines/Aviation
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Alternative Medicine
Animation
Apparel & Fashion
Architecture & Planning
Arts and Crafts
Automotive
Aviation & Aerospace
Banking
Biotechnology
Broadcast Media
Building Materials
Business Supplies and Equipment
Capital Markets
Chemicals
Civic & Social Organization
Civil Engineering
Commercial Real Estate
Computer & Network Security
Computer Games
Computer Hardware
Computer Networking
Computer Software
Construction
Consumer Electronics
Consumer Goods
Consumer Services
Cosmetics
Dairy
Defense & Space
Design
Education Management
E-Learning
Electrical/Electronic Manufacturing
Entertainment
Environmental Services
Events Services
Executive Office
Facilities Services
Farming
Financial Services
Fine Art
Fishery
Food & Beverages
Food Production
Fund-Raising
Furniture
Gambling & Casinos
Glass, Ceramics & Concrete
Government Administration
Government Relations
Graphic Design
Health, Wellness and Fitness
Higher Education
Hospital & Health Care
Hospitality
Human Resources
Import and Export
Individual & Family Services
Industrial Automation
Information Services
Information Technology and Services
Insurance
International Affairs
International Trade and Development
Internet
Investment Banking
Investment Management
Judiciary
Law Enforcement
Law Practice
Legal Services
Legislative Office
Leisure, Travel & Tourism
Libraries
Logistics and Supply Chain
Luxury Goods & Jewelry
Machinery
Management Consulting
Maritime
Market Research
Marketing and Advertising
Mechanical or Industrial Engineering
Media Production
Medical Devices
Medical Practice
Mental Health Care
Military
Mining & Metals
Motion Pictures and Film
Museums and Institutions
Music
Nanotechnology
Newspapers
Nonprofit Organization Management
Oil & Energy
Online Media
Outsourcing/Offshoring
Package/Freight Delivery
Packaging and Containers
Paper & Forest Products
Performing Arts
Pharmaceuticals
Philanthropy
Photography
Plastics
Political Organization
Primary/Secondary Education
Printing
Professional Training & Coaching
Program Development
Public Policy
Public Relations and Communications
Public Safety
Publishing
Railroad Manufacture
Ranching
Real Estate
Recreational Facilities and Services
Religious Institutions
Renewables & Environment
Research
Restaurants
Retail
Security and Investigations
Semiconductors
Shipbuilding
Sporting Goods
Sports
Staffing and Recruiting
Supermarkets
Telecommunications
Textiles
Think Tanks
Tobacco
Translation and Localization
Transportation/Trucking/Railroad
Utilities
Venture Capital & Private Equity
Veterinary
Warehousing
Wholesale
Wine and Spirits
Wireless
Writing and Editing
 Индустрии
Бухгалтерский учет
Авиакомпании / Авиация
Альтернативное урегулирование споров
Нетрадиционная медицина
Анимация
Одежда и мода
Архитектура и планирование
Искусства и ремесла
Автомобилестроение
Авиация и авиакосмическая промышленность
Банковское дело
Биотехнологии
Радио и телевидение
Строительные материалы
Бизнес принадлежности и оборудование
Рынки капитала
Химическая промышленность
Благотворительные и общественные организации
Гражданское строительство
Коммерческая недвижимость
Компьютерная и сетевая безопасность
Компьютерные игры
Компьютеры и комплектующие
Построение компьютерных сетей
Программное обеспечение
Строительство
Бытовая электроника
Потребительские товары
Бытовые услуги
Косметика
Молочные продукты
Военная и космическая промышленность
Дизайн
Управление образованием
Дистанционное обучение
Электротехническая и радиоэлектронная промышленность
Развлечения
Утилизация и переработка отходов
Обслуживание мероприятий
Административные услуги
Коммунальные службы
Сельское хозяйство
Финансовые услуги
Изобразительное искусство
Рыбная промышленность
Предприятия питания
Пищевая промышленность
Привлечение денежных средств
Мебель
Азартные игры и казино
Стекло, керамика и бетон
Государственное управление
Сопровождение деятельности компании в политической среде
Графический дизайн
Здравоохранение, безопасность жизнедеятельности, фитнес
Система высшего образования
Больницы и здравоохранение
Гостиничное хозяйство
Управление человеческими ресурсами
Импорт и экспорт
Индивидуальные и семейные услуги
Промышленная автоматизация
Информационные услуги
Информационные технологии и услуги
Страхование
Международные отношения
Международная торговля и развитие
Интернет
Инвестиционно-банковские услуги
Управление инвестициями
Судебная власть
Правоохранительные органы
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