ក្រសួងអប់រ ំ យុវជន និងរីឡា

វិទ្យាស្ថានបច្ចេរវិទ្យារម្ពជា
ុ
ម្ហាវិទ្យាល័យសំណង់

ច្េប៉ាតឺម្៉ាង់ ច្ទ្យពច្ោសលយសំណង់សវ
ី ុ ិល

គច្ក្ោងសញ្ញ
ា បក្តវិសរ
វ រ

ក្បធានបទ្យ : ការសិក្សាក្សម្រាលខណ្ឌពីប្ម្រេក្សុងម្ររ ាំង

និសស ិត : ប្ ន
៉េ ច័នទថ្លាឆានុន
ឯរច្ទ្យស : ច្ទ្យពច្ោសលយសុវ
ី ិល
ស្ថស្រ្ស្ថាចារយទ្យទ្យួលបនទរ
ុ : េណ្ឌិត ហុន
ិ រ៉េប្េទ
ឆ្ន ំសិរា : ២០២៣-២០២៤

MINISTERE DE L’EDUCATION,
DE LA JEUNESSE ET DES SPORTS

INSTITUT DE TECHNOLOGIE DU CAMBODGE

FACULTÉ DE GENIE CIVIL

DEPARTEMENT DE GENIE CIVIL

MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES INGENIEUR

Titre : Étude de la Dalle en Béton Précontrainte

Etudiant : YEN Chanthlachhanun
Spécialité : Génie Civil
Tuteur de stage : Dr. HIN Raveth
Année scolaire : 2023-2024
 ក្រសួងអប់រ ំ យុវជន និងរីឡា

វិទ្យាស្ថានបច្ចេរវិទ្យារម្ពជា
ុ

ម្ហាវិទ្យាល័យសំណង់

ច្េប៉ាតឺម្៉ាង់ ច្ទ្យពច្ោសលយសំណង់សវ
ី ុ ិល

គច្ក្ោងសញ្ញ
ា បក្តវិសរ
វ រ
របស់នស
ិ សិ ត: យ ន
៉េ ច័នថ្ល
ទ ា ឆានុន

ោលបរ ិច្ចេទ្យោរពារនិច្រខបបទ្យ: ថ្ងៃទ្យី ០៨ ខខ ររកដា ឆ្ន ំ ២០២៤

អនុញ្ញ
ា តឲ្យោរពារគច្ក្ោង

ជ.នាយរវិទ្យាស្ថាន:

ថ្ងៃទ្យី ខខ ឆ្ន ំ ២០២៤

ក្បធានបទ្យ: ោរសិរារក្ោលខណឌពីច្បតុងច្ក្បរុងក្រ ំង

សហក្ាស: ច្សេបច្េរ ខនស្ថល់ច្េន ឯ.រ

ក្ពឹទ្យធបុរស : បណឌិត ហាន វីរៈ

ក្បធានច្េប៉ាតឺម្៉ាង់ : ច្ោរ លី ហាវ

ស្ថស្រ្ស្ថាចារយេឹរនា ំគច្ក្ោង : បណឌិត ហុន

ិ រ៉ាច្វទ្យ

អនរទ្យទ្យួលខុសក្តូវរនងសហក្ាស
ុ : ច្ោរ ឈិន គីម្ហារ់

រជធានីភ្នំច្ពញ, ២០២៤
 MINISTERE DE L’EDUCATION,
DE LA JEUNESSE ET DES SPORTS

INSTITUT DE TECHNOLOGIE DU CAMBODGE

FACULTÉ DE GENIE CIVIL

DEPARTEMENT DE GENIE CIVIL

MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES INGÉNIEUR

DE M. YEN Chanthlachhanun

Date de soutenance : le 08 juillet 2024

« Autorise la soutenance du mémoire »

P.Directeur de l’Institut :
Phnom Penh, le 2024

Titre : Étude de la Dalle en Béton Précontrainte

Etablissement du stage : SLABCHECK CONSULTANT CO., LTD

Doyen de faculté : Dr. HAN Virak

Chef du département : M. LY Hav
Tuteur de stage : Dr. HIN Raveth
Responsable de l’établissement : M. CHHIN Kemhak
PHNOM PENH, 2024
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, I would like to express my deepest and most respectful thanks to my parents for
giving birth to me, for their invaluable advice and encouragement, and for their financial
support, which was extremely important in enabling me to pursue my studies.

Secondly, my sincere appreciation goes out to Dr. HAN Virak, dean of the Civil
Engineering faculty, and Mr. LY Hav, the deputy dean of the faculty. Despite all the challenges
and setbacks, we are grateful for their kind support during our studies and for their excellent
help with our internship this second semester.

Special thanks to Dr. HIN Raveth, my internship advisor, for his insightful
recommendations and dedication to ensuring the quality of my thesis, and to Dr. CHEA
Savuth, my prestressed concrete subject professor, for his clear explanations and foundational
knowledge that were vital in my thesis development.

I would also like to express my warmest thanks to Mr. CHHIN Kemhak of

SLABCHECK Co., Ltd, for his permission to carry out internships and research at the
company, and for his responsibility and sympathy during my internship.

Lastly, I owe a debt of gratitude to all the faculty members at ITC for imparting essential
knowledge and skills that have shaped my professional path, and to my peers for their
camaraderie and enriching discussions throughout my academic journey and internship.

i
 RÉSUMÉ

Cette thèse indique la méthode de calcul de la structure du bâtiment qui est une dalle
en béton précontraint ; de plus, elle inclut le calcul de l'estimation du prix de chaque étage.

L'objectif de ce mémoire est d'étudier la dalle en béton précontraint au 9ème étage d'un
bâtiment de 12 étages. Ce mémoire couvre les points principaux qui sont l'étude des actions sur
la structure, le pré-dimensionnement, la méthode analytique, et la conception de la dalle en
béton précontraint en utilisant l'Eurocode 2. En outre, j'analyserai la dalle en fonction de
différents types de charges et de combinaisons de charges.

De plus, j'analyserai et concevrai la dalle en béton précontraint en sélectionnant une

bande porteuse qui est plus critique. Après cela, je pourrai conclure sur ma pratique pendant
mon stage et comparer avec la conception de l'entreprise en raison de l'application de différents
codes de construction.

Enfin, j'étudierai l'estimation des coûts et le devis quantitatif de ce bâtiment comme

dernière partie de mon mémoire.

ABSTRACT

This dissertation indicates the method for calculating the building structure which is
slab with prestressed concrete; moreover, it includes the calculation of price estimation of each
floor.

The objective of this dissertation is to study the slab with prestressed concrete on 9th
floor of 12-floor building. This dissertation covers the main points which are the study of the
actions on the structure, pre-dimension, analytical method, and design of the prestressed
concrete slab using Eurocode 2. In addition, I will analyse the slab according to different types
of loads and load combinations.

Plus, I will analyse and design the prestressed concrete slab by selecting a load-bearing
strip which is more critical. After that, I can conclude on my practice during my internship and
compare with the company's design due to the application of different building codes.

Last but not least, I will study the cost estimation and bill of quantity of this building
as the final part of my dissertation.

ii
 Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ i

RÉSUMÉ ...................................................................................................................................ii

ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................ii

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. vi

LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... x

SYMBOLS...............................................................................................................................xii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1

1.1. General ....................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Internship Presentation............................................................................................... 1

1.3. Enterprise Presentation .............................................................................................. 2

1.4. Project Presentation ................................................................................................... 2

1.5. Dissertation Objective ................................................................................................ 3

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................... 4

2.1. General ............................................................................................................................ 4

2.2. Concept ........................................................................................................................... 4

2.3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Prestressed Concrete ................................................ 5

2.4. Type of Post-Tensioned Floor ......................................................................................... 6

2.5. Types of Prestressing ...................................................................................................... 6

2.6. Procedure of Designing Post-Tensioned Slab ................................................................. 8

2.7. Method of analysis .......................................................................................................... 9

2.8. Process of Designing Post-tensioned Slab ...................................................................... 9

2.8.1. Pre-dimension of Post-tensioned Slab ..................................................................... 9

2.8.2. Checking Vibration ................................................................................................ 10

2.8.3. Determine the Number of Prestressing Strands ..................................................... 12

2.8.4. Determine the Prestressed Losses .......................................................................... 13

iii
 2.8.5. Verification in Serviceability Limit State............................................................... 16

2.8.6. Verification in Ultimate State Limit ....................................................................... 18

CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 27

3.1. Study Condition ............................................................................................................ 27

3.2. Pre-Dimension of Post-Tensioned Slab ........................................................................ 27

3.3. Dead Load ..................................................................................................................... 28

3.2.1. Self-Weight ............................................................................................................ 28

3.2.2. Super Dead Load.................................................................................................... 28

3.4. Live Load ...................................................................................................................... 28

3.5. Wind Load ..................................................................................................................... 28

3.6. Load Combination ........................................................................................................ 29

CHAPTER IV: CALCULATION OF POST-TENSION SLAB .............................................. 31

4.1. Hypothesis..................................................................................................................... 31

4.1.1. Concrete ................................................................................................................. 31

4.1.2. Steel Reinforcement ............................................................................................... 31

4.1.3. Prestressing Steel ................................................................................................... 31

4.1.4. Drape ...................................................................................................................... 31

4.2. Checking Vibration ....................................................................................................... 32

4.3. Calculation of the Selected Strips ................................................................................. 33

4.3.1. Strips of Calculation .............................................................................................. 33

4.3.2. Pre-number of Strands ........................................................................................... 33

4.3.3. Determine Prestressed Loss ................................................................................... 34

4.3.4. Verify Stress ........................................................................................................... 40

4.3.5. Verify Deflection .................................................................................................... 43

4.3.6. Verify Moment Capacity (ELU) ............................................................................ 44

4.3.7. Verify Ductility ...................................................................................................... 46

iv
 4.3.8. Verify Shear Resistance ......................................................................................... 46

4.3.9. Verify Punching Resistance ................................................................................... 47

CHAPTER V: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ....................................................................... 49

CHAPTER VI: BILL OF QUANTITY.................................................................................... 50

5.1. Description of Building................................................................................................. 50

5.2. Quotation....................................................................................................................... 50

5.2.1. Band Beam ............................................................................................................. 50

5.2.2. Slab ........................................................................................................................ 51

5.3. Quantity......................................................................................................................... 51

5.4. Dry Disbursement ......................................................................................................... 53

5.4.1. Unit Price ............................................................................................................... 53

5.4.2. Summary of Dry Disbursement ............................................................................. 54

5.5. Cost Estimation ............................................................................................................. 55

CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 57

References ................................................................................................................................ 58

ANNEX A: LOAD COMBINATION ...................................................................................... 59

ANNEX B: CHECKING VIBRATION ................................................................................... 64

ANNEX C: PRE-NUMBER OF STRANDS AND PRESTRESSED LOSSES ...................... 68

ANNEX D: CHECK SEVICEABILITY ................................................................................. 88

ANNEX E: ULTIMATE STRENGTH VERIFICATION ........................................................ 96

ANNEX F: BILL OF QUANTITY ........................................................................................ 134

ANNEX G: SLIDE PRESENTATION .................................................................................. 135

v
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Enterprise Logo .......................................................................................................... 2

Figure 2: Sivilai Building........................................................................................................... 2

Figure 3: Location of Project Building ...................................................................................... 3

Figure 4: Principle of Prestressed Concrete ............................................................................... 5

Figure 5: Relative Cost on Slab RC vs. PT................................................................................ 6

Figure 6: Types of Floor Slab .................................................................................................... 6

Figure 7: Bonded and Unbonded Tendon .................................................................................. 7

Figure 8: Equivalent Frame ....................................................................................................... 9

Figure 9: Floor plan with equivalent frame (x direction) .......................................................... 9

Figure 10: Dynamic Load Factor for Walking Force ............................................................... 11

Figure 11: Chart for Perception and Acceptability of Floor Vibration .................................... 12

Figure 12: The Prestressing is Considered Completely from the Resistance Cable ................ 19

Figure 13: Definition of Asl ..................................................................................................... 21

Figure 14: Punching Failure..................................................................................................... 23

Figure 15: Types of Strips of Post-Tensioned Slab .................................................................. 23

Figure 16: Types of Columns ................................................................................................... 24

Figure 17: Coefficient β ........................................................................................................... 25

Figure 18: Post-Tensioned Slab at 9th Floor............................................................................ 27

Figure 19: Plan View of Zones D and E .................................................................................. 29

Figure 20: Calculation Strip ..................................................................................................... 33

Figure 21: Tendon Profile ........................................................................................................ 34

Figure 22: Diagram of Stress due to Friction Loss .................................................................. 35

Figure 23: Result of Anchorage Slip from ADAPT Builder .................................................... 36

Figure 24: Diagram of Stress due to Friction and Anchorage Slip Losses .............................. 36

Figure 25: Diagram of Stress due to Elastic Shortening Loss ................................................. 37

vi
Figure 26: Stress due to Time-Dependent Losses .................................................................... 39

Figure 27: Diagram of Stress Verification at Transfer Stage ................................................... 40

Figure 28: Diagram of Stress Verification for Characteristic Combination............................. 41

Figure 29: Diagram of Stress Verification for Quasi-Permanent Combination ....................... 42

Figure 30: Flanged Sections Subjected to the Design Flexural Resistance ............................. 44

Figure 31: Diagram of Moment Resistance and Moment ELU ............................................... 45

Figure 32: Diagram of Moment Resistance and Moment ELU+Wind .................................... 45

Figure 33: Columns for Punching Resistance Calculation ...................................................... 47

Figure 34: u0 of Interior Column ............................................................................................. 47

Figure 35: u0 of Corner Column .............................................................................................. 47

Figure 36: u1 of Interior Column ............................................................................................. 48

Figure 37: u1 of Corner Column .............................................................................................. 48

Figure 38: Equivalent Loads of Pi after Anchorage Slip Loss................................................. 75

Figure 39: Moment of Equivalent Load Pi after Anchorage Slip Loss.................................... 76

Figure 40: Equivalent load of Pi after immediate Losses ........................................................ 83

Figure 41: Moment of Equivalent Load of Pi after immediate losses ..................................... 83

Figure 42: PP+G Load ............................................................................................................. 84

Figure 43: Moment from PP+G ............................................................................................... 84

Figure 44: Self-Weight ............................................................................................................. 88

Figure 45: Self-weight moment ............................................................................................... 88

Figure 46: PP+G+Q Combination ........................................................................................... 90

Figure 47: PP+G+Q Moment ................................................................................................... 90

Figure 48: Equivalent Load of Pmt ........................................................................................... 90

Figure 49: Moment of Pmt ........................................................................................................ 91

Figure 50: PP+G+0.3Q Load ................................................................................................... 92

Figure 51: Moment of PP+G+0.3Q ......................................................................................... 92

vii
Figure 52: Short-term Deflection [cm] .................................................................................... 95

Figure 53: Long-term Deflection [cm] .................................................................................... 95

Figure 54: ELU Load Combination ......................................................................................... 98

Figure 55: Moment ELU .......................................................................................................... 98

Figure 56: 3D Model of Sivilai Building ................................................................................. 99

Figure 57: Moment of ELU+Wind Envelope .......................................................................... 99

Figure 58: Shear for ELU ...................................................................................................... 105

Figure 59: Shear for Pmt ........................................................................................................ 105

Figure 60: Strip X-X .............................................................................................................. 113

Figure 61: Tendon Profile Strip X-X ..................................................................................... 114

Figure 62: Equivalent Pi after anchorage slip loss strip X-X (per strand) ............................. 116

Figure 63: Moment of Pi after anchorage slip loss strip X-X (per strand) ............................ 116

Figure 64: Load PP+G Strip X-X .......................................................................................... 119

Figure 65: Moment of PP+G Strip X-X................................................................................. 119

Figure 66: Moment of PP+G direction X-X .......................................................................... 121

Figure 67: Moment of PP+G+Q Direction X-X .................................................................... 121

Figure 68: Moment of PP+G+0.3Q Direction X-X ............................................................... 121

Figure 69: Moment of Pi Direction X-X................................................................................ 121

Figure 70: Moment of Pmt Direction X-X ............................................................................ 122

Figure 71: Deflection Short-Term Direction X-X ................................................................. 125

Figure 72: Deflection Long-Term Direction X-X .................................................................. 125

Figure 73: Moment Verification from ADAPT Builder ......................................................... 127

Figure 74: Top Stress Verification from ADAPT Builder ...................................................... 127

Figure 75: Bottom Stress Verification from ADAPT Builder ................................................ 127

Figure 76: Deflection Verification from ADAPT Builder ..................................................... 128

Figure 77: Moment Verification from ADAPT Builder Direction X-X................................. 128

viii
Figure 78: Top Stress Verification Direction X-X ................................................................. 128

Figure 79: Bottom Stress Verification Direction X-X ........................................................... 129

Figure 80: Deflection Verification Direction X-X ................................................................. 129

ix
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Recommended Damping Factors for Various Occupancies ....................................... 11

Table 2: Weight of Super Dead Load ....................................................................................... 28

Table 3: Result of Peak Ground Acceleration Ratio ................................................................ 32

Table 4: Pre-number of Strands ............................................................................................... 33

Table 5: Stress due to Friction Loss Each Point ...................................................................... 34

Table 6: Stress due to Anchorage Slip Loss ............................................................................. 35

Table 7: Comparation of Result of Manual Calculation with ADAPT Builder ....................... 36

Table 8: Stress due to Elastic Shortening Loss ........................................................................ 37

Table 9: Stress due to Immediate Losses ................................................................................. 37

Table 10: Stress due to Time-Dependent Losses ..................................................................... 38

Table 11: Stress Verification at Transfer Stage ........................................................................ 40

Table 12: Stress Verification for Characteristic Combination ................................................. 41

Table 13: Stress Verification for Quasi-Permanent Combination ............................................ 42

Table 14: Result of Short-Term Deflection .............................................................................. 43

Table 15: Result of Long-Term Deflection .............................................................................. 43

Table 16: Result of Positive Moment Resistance .................................................................... 44

Table 17: Result of Negative Moment Resistance ................................................................... 44

Table 18: Moment for ELU Combination ................................................................................ 45

Table 19: Result of Ductility Verification ................................................................................ 46

Table 20: Result of Shear Resistance Verification for Element ............................................... 46

Table 21: Result of Maximum Shear Resistance Verification ................................................. 47

Table 22: Result of Punching Resistance Right on the Column .............................................. 48

Table 23: Result of Punching Resistance at the Distance 2d from the Column ...................... 48

Table 24: Comparison of Result between Manual Calculation and Enterprise ....................... 49

Table 25: Quantity of Slab and Band Beam of Each Floor...................................................... 51

x
Table 26: Unit Price of Labor, Material, and Equipment ......................................................... 53

Table 27: Summary of Material and Equipment Cost Each Floor ........................................... 54

Table 28: Stress due to Friction Loss Strip X-X .................................................................... 114

Table 29: Stress due to Anchorage Slip Loss Strip X-X ........................................................ 115

Table 30: Stress due to Elastic Shortening Loss Strip X-X ................................................... 117

Table 31: Stress due to Immediate Losses Strip X-X ............................................................ 118

Table 32: Stress due to Time-dependent Losses Strip X-X ................................................... 119

xi
 SYMBOLS

Symbol Unit

𝑓𝑐𝑘 Characteristic value of concrete compressive strength at 28 days MPa

𝑓𝑐𝑚 Mean value of concrete compressive strength MPa

𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 Mean value of concrete tensile strength MPa

𝑓𝑐𝑗 Concrete compressive strength at transfer stage MPa

𝑓𝑝𝑡𝑘 Characteristic tensile strength of prestressing steel MPa

𝑓𝑦𝑘 Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement MPa

𝐴𝑐 Area of concrete section m2

𝐴𝑃 Area of prestressing steel mm2

𝐸𝑐𝑚 Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete MPa

𝐸𝑃 Design value of modulus of elasticity of prestressing steel MPa

𝐼𝑐 Moment inertia of area of concrete section m4

Δ𝑙 Elongation mm

ℎ𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 Slab thickness m

ℎ𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 Beam depth m

𝑒 Eccentricity m

𝛾 Partial security coefficient

𝐶 Cover of slab mm

𝛿 Value of deflection mm

𝛼 Angular deviation rad

xii
 𝜇 Friction coefficient

𝑊𝑃 Equivalent load of prestressing force kN/m

kN/m2,
𝑄 Live load
kN/m

kN/m2,
𝐺 Super-imposed dead load
kN/m

𝑃𝑖 Prestressing force in the tendon after immediate losses kN

𝑃𝑚𝑡 Effective force in the tendon at time t after the long-term losses kN

kN/m2,
𝑃𝑃 Self-weight
kN/m

𝜎𝑃𝑖 Initial stress in the prestressing steel immediately after tensioning MPa

𝜌1000 The rate of prestressing steel relaxation

𝑛 Number of strands

𝑢0 Perimeter of control contour considered m

𝑢1 Perimeter of control contour distance 2d from face column m

The stress of the concrete at the location of the center of gravity of

𝜎𝑐𝑝𝑖 MPa
cable after transfer

The stress of the concrete at the center of gravity of the cable

𝜎𝑐𝑔𝑜 MPa
under the permanent load effect

𝑀 Moment kNm

xiii
 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1. General

Apparently, Cambodia is home to about 2,500 high-rise structures that are five floors or
higher, with over 50 of those structures reaching 40 stories or higher. The building sector in
Cambodia has significantly improved, according to a senior official at the Ministry of Land
Management, and development is anticipated to continue through 2023 (Lee & Lee, 2023).

As construction projects proliferate, it is imperative that the buildings’ quality aligns with
the project owner’s expectations. Architects are tasked with optimizing the building’s living
space, which traditionally necessitated a wide slab span, leading to the recommendation of
thicker slabs. However, thanks to advancements in prestressed concrete technology, it is now
possible to achieve the same structural effectiveness with thinner slabs which is called post-
tensioned slab.

1.2.Internship Presentation

Senior students at Institute of Technology of Cambodia have the opportunity to engage in

a three-month internship at either public or private companies, followed by the composition of
a dissertation to finalize their last year of study. The subject of the dissertation is chosen based
on the company’s ongoing projects or the student’s research interests. This practical experience
enables students to apply their theoretical knowledge, thoroughly comprehend the work, and
devise solutions for various situations. Moreover, being involved in the company’s projects
fosters teamwork and imparts technical knowledge, which further enhances their ability to
generate innovative ideas and strategies for future construction endeavours.

With this purpose, I, as a senior student at Institute of Technology of Cambodia, have taken
an internship program in the fifth year second semester 2023-2024 at Slabcheck Consultant
Co., Ltd on office building project with the system of prestressed concrete. Moreover, as an
intern Structural Designer, I basically work 5 days a week starting from 8:30 am to 5:00 pm; I
have been entrusted to detailed plan of the structure, check drawing plan, redraw the error
drawing plan, and study some projects that provides me a great insight of practical work.

• Dissertation Subject : The Study of Prestressed Concrete Slab

• Advisor : Dr. HIN Raveth
• Duration of Internship : 13 February to 13 May 2024
• Responsibility of the establishment : Mr. CHHIN Kemhak

1
1.3. Enterprise Presentation

SLABCHECK CONSULTANT CO., LTD is a local consulting firm that was founded in
2019 and has completed several successful projects, ranging from villas and high-rise
buildings. Construction project management, construction supervision, design, quality control,
and building evaluation are the areas of expertise for Slabcheck Consultant Co., Ltd. This
organization oversees projects from inception to completion, paying close attention to budget,
schedule, and quality. SLABCHECK CONSULTANT CO., LTD's headquarters are also located
in Phnom Penh, where:

• Address: #5, Street 200, Sangkat Phsar Tmey III, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh,
Cambodia
• Website: https://slabcheckconsultant.com/
• Email: [email protected]
• Tel/Fax: +855 78 655 552/ +855 969 892 111

Figure 1: Enterprise Logo

1.4. Project Presentation

The construction site of “Sivilai Community” building is located in Sangat Boeung Kak 1,
Khan Toul Kouk, Phnom Penh. It is a 12-storey office building with the working room, meeting
room, waiting lobby, fitness room, and Salon. In this project, I will make a case study on the
9th floor with dimension 10.4m x 38.1m.

Figure 2: Sivilai Building

2
 Location of project

Figure 3: Location of Project Building

1.5. Dissertation Objective

The objective of this dissertation is to study of the post-tensioned slab at 9th floor by
considering the following points:

• Estimation of the action on the slab

• Analysis method for the prestressed concrete slab
• Trace profile and calculate prestressing losses
• Check the SLS based on the admissible stresses
• Check the ULS in bending and punching per column
• Compare the results in manual calculation with software and check with the
company
• Bill of Quantity of slab and band beam of every floor.

3
 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. General

Prestressed concrete is a construction technique where concrete is pre-compressed

using high-strength steel tendons that are tensioned and anchored to the concrete. This pre-
compression allows the concrete to withstand the loads it will experience during its service life.

The prestressing continued to develop in Europe and France, notably thanks to the
ingenuity of Eugène Freyssinet, who proposed from 1926 to 1928 methods for overcome
prestress losses through the use of high-strength, high-strength steel ductility. In 1940 he
introduced the well-known and accepted Freyssinet system, comprising tapered corner anchors
for 12 metal cables.

Nowadays, prestressed concrete is a fundamental part of modern construction, enabling

longer spans, reduced structural thicknesses, and material savings compared to conventional
reinforced concrete. It is widely used in various structures, including buildings, bridges, and
foundations.

2.2. Concept

Prestressed concrete, a construction material that is strengthened by tensioning its

reinforcements before or after setting, comes in two varieties.

• The first method, known as pre-tensioning, involves applying tension to the

reinforcements prior to pouring the concrete. This approach is commonly employed in
the production of prefabricated concrete elements in a factory setting.
• The second method, post-tensioning, is applied once the concrete has hardened. In this
technique, reinforcements such as strands, cables, or bars are threaded through ducts
that prevent them from bonding with the concrete until they are tensioned. In
pretensioned concrete, the force from the tensioned cables is transferred directly to the
concrete through the bond between them, eliminating the need for separate anchoring
mechanisms. Conversely, post-tensioned concrete requires anchoring devices to
facilitate the transfer of force from the reinforcements to the concrete (CHEA, 2010).

4
 Figure 4: Principle of Prestressed Concrete
By applying the compressive force eccentrically to the concrete section, another stress
distribution, due to the bending effect of the couple, is thus created. This effect is illustrated
and offers other advantages when attempting to produce working constraints with the required
limits.

2.3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Prestressed Concrete

According to Lawrence and John (2006), there are many advantages of using
prestressed concrete such as:

- It can reduce self-weight of members,

- It produces no cracks at service load and consequently better durability,
- It can also increase shear resistance.

However, there are also the disadvantages regarding the use of prestressed concrete
which are:

- It can increase the cost of materials and shuttering,

- It has a greater supervision required to ensure correct concrete strength and magnitude
of prestress force,
- Design calculations are more extensive.

5
 Figure 5: Relative Cost on Slab RC vs. PT
2.4. Type of Post-Tensioned Floor

There are many types of post-tensioned floor or slab:

One-way slab Flat Slab Edge-supported Two-way Slab

Flat Slab with Drop Panels Band Beam and Slab

Figure 6: Types of Floor Slab

2.5. Types of Prestressing

To obtain prestressing concrete structures, concrete and prestressing tendon must be

stuck together. Adherence or bonded system comes into play at this point, allowing the concrete
and prestressing tendon to stick together and create a tension force between them. The
prestressing can be “bonded” or “unbonded”.

- The "pretension" is the bonded prestress because the transfer of the force is done by the
adhesive between the reinforcement and the concrete.

6
 - The "post-tensioning" can be bonded or unbonded depending on whether the cement
grout is injected into the sheath after tensioning the cables.

Figure 7: Bonded and Unbonded Tendon

Types of
Advantages Disadvantages
Prestressing

• Less reliance on the anchorages

once the duct has been grouted. • The injection of
cement grout has to
Bonded System • Lower requirement for the use
be carried out on
of unstressed reinforcement.
site.
• Contribute to the concrete shear
capacity.
• Can be prefabricated off site.
• Can be installed on site quicker
due to prefabrication and the
reduced site operations.
• flexible and can be curved easily
in the horizontal direction to • Requires special
prestressing when
Unbonded accommodate curved buildings
creating openings
System or divert around openings in the
after casting and
slab.
tensioning.
• Friction loss is lower due to the
action of the grease.
• The force in an unbonded
tendon does not increase
significantly above that of the
prestressing load.

7
2.6. Procedure of Designing Post-Tensioned Slab

Choose the Architectural Drawing Plan

Yes

Pre-Dimension of PT Slab

Yes

Check Vibration

Yes

Determine the Number of Strands

Yes

Adjust Concrete Strength

Determine Prestressed Losses

Yes
Serviceability Limit

Verify Stress

Yes No

Verify Deflection

Yes
Increase AP
No
Verify Moment Capacity
Ultimate Strength Limit

Add AS
Yes
No
Verify Ductility
Add A’S

Yes

No Punching
Verify Punching Resistance
Reinforcement
Yes

Verify Shear Resistance

Flowchart of Designing PT Slab

8
2.7. Method of analysis

The equivalent frame analysis approach is utilized to design post-tensioned slabs by

using a series of two-dimensional frames to describe the three-dimensional slab system. The
equivalent frame analysis method includes the columns and the strips of the slab in both
direction x and y. Moreover, it can be used to design as a system of beams and columns.

Figure 8: Equivalent Frame

Figure 9: Floor plan with equivalent frame (x direction)

2.8. Process of Designing Post-tensioned Slab
2.8.1. Pre-dimension of Post-tensioned Slab

According to SEDIP (2015), post-tensioned slab can be pre-dimension as following:

Schema Live Load kN/m2 Span to Depth Ratio

a) Flat Slab 1.5 30 – 45

2.5 25 – 40

5 20 – 35

9
 b) Flat Slab with Drop Panels 1.5 35 – 50

2.5 30 – 45

5 25 – 40

c) One-way Slab with Beams 1.5 55

2.5 45

5 35

d) Two-way Slab with beams 1.5 70

2.5 60

5 50

2.8.2. Checking Vibration

Post-tensioned floors are usually thinner or span further than reinforced floors. Hence,
they are likely to have lower natural frequencies and greater consideration must be given to
their dynamic performance. There are 6 steps to calculate the vibration which are (Corporation,
2011):

• Natural Frequency

By using ADAPT Builder, we can define the natural frequency of post-tensioned

floor.

• Exiting Force of Vibration

Then we need to select the probable weight of person, (P), which tends to be the source
of vibration and number of steps that a person tends to take to find Dynamic Load Factor (DLF)
using below graph.

10
 Figure 10: Dynamic Load Factor for Walking Force

• Floor Type

Next, we select the appropriate damping factor (β) of the floor system from the table
below:

Table 1: Recommended Damping Factors for Various Occupancies

Occupancy Damping Factor β

Bare concrete floor 0.02

Furnished, low partition 0.03

Furnished, full height partition 0.05

Shopping malls 0.02

• Weight of Vibration Floor Panel

After that, we calculate the effective weight W of the panel under the consideration and
the superimposed dead load that follows its vibration.

• Acceleration Caused by Walking Person

Determine the peak acceleration ratio caused by the footfall on the floor 𝑎𝑃 /𝑔 by using
the equation below:

11
 𝑎𝑝 𝑒 −0.35∙𝑓𝑛 [Ref. (3). Page 2]
= 𝑃0 ∙
𝑔 𝛽∙𝑊

Where:

ap = Peak acceleration

g = Gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/sec2)

P0 = Constant force representing the walking force

β = Modal damping ratio, recommended in Table 1.

W = Effective weight of the panel and the superimposed dead load

fn = First natural frequency (Hz)

• Evaluation

Determine the acceptability of the vibration by referring the ATC chart with the natural
frequency (Hz) and the peak acceleration.

Figure 11: Chart for Perception and Acceptability of Floor Vibration

2.8.3. Determine the Number of Prestressing Strands

There are many ways to pre-determine the number of tendons such as load balancing
method. However, in this study, I have chosen one method to determine pre-number of tendons
which is to do it via stress admissible.

12
 𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑃𝑖 ′ 𝑀0 ′ ̅̅̅0 [Ref. (2), Page 39]
𝜎𝑡0 = − + ∙𝜈 − ∙ 𝜈 ≤ 𝜎𝑡
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐

̅̅̅0 + 𝑀0 ∙ 𝜈 ′
𝜎 𝑡 𝐼𝑐
𝑃𝑖;𝑡𝑜𝑡 =
1 𝑒 ∙ 𝜈′
(− 𝐴 + 𝐼 )
𝑐 𝑐

𝑃𝑖;𝑡𝑜𝑡
𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑛 =
𝑃𝑖
2.8.4. Determine the Prestressed Losses

The losses of prestress that occur in a tendon are categorized as either immediate losses
(short-term losses) or time-dependent losses (long-term loss).

• Immediate Losses: occur when the prestress is transferred to the concrete at time t0
such as:
o Friction Loss
o Anchorage Slip Loss
o Elastic Shortening Loss
• Time-dependent Losses: occur with time over the life of the structure, which are:
o Shrinkage
o Creep
o Relaxation of prestressing steel.

2.8.4.1. Immediate Losses

• Friction Loss:

𝜎𝜇 = 𝜎𝑃;𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 −𝜇(𝛼+𝜃∙𝑥) [Ref. (2), Page 27]

μ: friction coefficient

α: the sum in radians of the absolute value of successive angular deviation of the tendon

x: length of tendon of the calculating point

θ: angular deviation (rad/m)

o Fils: μ = 0.17; θ = 0.005 to 0.01 rad/m

o Tendon: μ = 0.19; θ = 0.005 to 0.01 rad/m
• Anchorage Slip Loss:

In general, the slip of strand may be 2mm < δs <8mm.

13
 Using Hook law:

𝛿(𝑑𝑥) 𝛿𝑃 [Ref. (2), Page 30]

𝛿𝜎𝑃 = 𝐸𝑃 ∙ ⇒ 𝛿(𝑑𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝐴𝑃 ∙ 𝐸𝑃

Length of draw-in line

𝑥
𝛿𝑠 = ∫ 𝛿(𝑑𝑥)
0

𝑥
1
𝛿𝑠 = ∫ 𝛿𝑃 ∙ 𝑑𝑥
𝐴𝑃 ∙ 𝐸𝑃 0
𝑥
∫ 𝛿𝑃 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝛿𝑠 ∙ 𝐴𝑃 ∙ 𝐸𝑃
0

For: 𝛿𝑃 = 2 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ 𝑥

𝑝 ∙ 𝑙𝑠2
𝛿𝑠 =
𝐸𝑃 ∙ 𝐴𝑃

𝛿𝑠 ∙ 𝐸𝑃 ∙ 𝐴𝑃
𝑙𝑠 = √
𝑝

𝑃𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑃𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 − 2 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ 𝑙𝑠

𝜎𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝜎𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 − 2 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ 𝑙𝑠

AP: Area section of strand

p: the slope of profile force

EP: the module elastic of strand (MPa)

• Elastic Shortening Loss:

o For post-tensioned member with one tendon, or more tendons stressed
simultaneously, the elastic deformation of the concrete occurs during the stressing
operation before the tenons are anchored. In this case, elastic shortening losses are
zero.
o To calculate the elastic shortening losses in tendon, we first need to know the
stressing sequence. For most cases, it is sufficient to determine the average loss of
stress as follow:

14
 𝑛−1 [Ref. (2). Page 32]
Δ𝜎𝑒𝑙 = 𝛼𝑒 ∙ ∙ 𝜎𝑐𝑝;𝑡𝑜𝑡
2𝑛

Which:
𝑀𝑃𝑖 ∙ 𝑒 𝑃𝑖
𝜎𝑐𝑝;𝑡𝑜𝑡 = +
𝐼𝑐 𝐴𝑐

𝐸𝑃
𝛼𝑒 =
𝐸𝑐𝑚

𝐼𝑐
𝑟2 =
𝐴𝑐

• Immediate Losses:

Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 = Δ𝜎𝜇 + Δ𝜎𝑔 + Δ𝜎𝑒𝑙

2.8.4.2. Time-dependent Losses

The time-dependent losses due to creep, shrinkage, and relaxation at any location x
under permanent loads may be approximately by:

Δ𝜎̅𝑝𝑟 + 𝜀𝑐𝑠 ∙ 𝐸𝑃 + 𝛼𝑒 ∙ 𝜑 ∙ (𝜎𝑐𝑔𝑜 + 𝜎𝑐𝑝𝑖 )

ΔσP,csr = [Ref. (2), Page 37]
𝐴 𝑒2
1 + 𝑃,𝑡𝑜𝑡 ∙ 𝛼 𝑒 ∙ (1 + 2 ) ∙ (1 + 𝜒 ∙ 𝜑)
𝐴𝑐 𝑖

Ghali and Favre propose the replacement of Δ𝜎𝑝𝑟 by Δ𝜎̅𝑝𝑟 = 𝜒 ∙ Δ𝜎𝑝𝑟 which χ is a
coefficient equal to 1 for the value of relaxation Δ𝜎𝑝𝑟 .

o εcs: the deformation due to concrete shrinkage

o φ: the creep coefficient of concrete

𝑡 0.75(1−𝜇)
o Δσpr = 𝜎𝑝𝑖 ∙ 𝑘1 ∙ 𝜌1000 ∙ 𝑒 𝑘2 ∙𝜇 ∙ [1000] ∙ 10−3

o Concrete stress at the center of gravity of the cables after transfer:

𝑃𝑖 𝑒𝑖2
σcpi = (1 + 2 )
𝐴𝑐 𝑟

o Stress of the concrete at the center of gravity of the cable under the effect of
permanent load:
ei
σcgo = MPP+G ∙
𝐼𝑐

15
 2.8.5. Verification in Serviceability Limit State
2.8.5.1. Stress Verification

Negative Stress = compression

Positive Stress = Traction

• Transfer stage:

𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑃𝑖 ′ 𝑀0 ′ ̅̅̅0
𝜎𝑡0 = − + ∙𝜈 − ∙ 𝜈 ≤ 𝜎𝑡
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐
𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑃𝑖 𝑀0 ̅̅̅0
𝜎𝑐0 = − − ∙𝜈+ ∙ 𝜈 ≥ −𝜎 𝑐
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐

Admissible stress of concrete:

For compression: ̅̅̅

𝜎𝑐0 = 0.6 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑗,𝑐𝑦𝑙 [Ref. (2), Page 38]

2 [Ref. (2), Page 38]

For traction: ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡0 = 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚,𝑗 = 0.3 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑗3

• At Service Stage:
o Characteristic Combination:

𝜂𝑃𝑖 𝜂𝑀𝑃𝑖 ′ 𝑀𝑇 ′ ̅̅̅𝑡

𝜎𝑐𝑡 = − + ∙𝜈 − ∙ 𝜈 ≥ −𝜎 𝑐
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐
𝜂𝑃𝑖 𝜂𝑀𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑇
𝜎𝑡𝑡 = − − ∙𝜈+ ∙ 𝜈 ≤ ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡𝑡
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐

Admissible stress of concrete:

For compression: ̅̅̅

𝜎𝑡𝑡 = 0.5 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 [Ref. (2), Page 38]

2 [Ref. (2), Page 38]

For traction: ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑐𝑡 = 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 0.3 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘
3

16
 o Quasi-permanent Combination:

𝜂𝑃𝑖 𝜂𝑀𝑃𝑖 ′ 𝑀𝑞𝑝 ′ ̅̅̅̅̅

𝜎𝑐𝑞𝑝 = − 𝑞𝑝
+ ∙𝜈 − ∙ 𝜈 ≥ −𝜎 𝑐
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐
𝜂𝑃𝑖 𝜂𝑀𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑞𝑝
𝜎𝑡𝑡 = − − ∙𝜈+ ∙ 𝜈 ≤ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡𝑞𝑝
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐

Admissible stress of concrete:

For compression: ̅̅̅̅̅

𝑞𝑝
𝜎𝑡 = 0.45 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 [Ref. (2), Page 38]

2 [Ref. (2), Page 38]

For traction: ̅̅̅̅̅
𝜎𝑐𝑞𝑝 = 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 0.3 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘
3

Note: 𝑓𝑐𝑗,𝑐𝑦𝑙 = 0.75 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 (General)

2.8.5.2. Verification Cracked Section

According to EN 1992-1-1 [1], if the maximum tensile stress in concrete due to service
load combination (after the effect of creep, shrinkage and relaxation have been considered) is
less than the tensile strength of the concrete fctm(t), the section may be considered to be
uncracked and no further consideration needs to be given to crack control (Gilbert, Colin, &
Ranzi, 2017).

2
• Transfer: 3
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚,𝑗 = 0.3 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑗 ≥ 𝜎𝑡,𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖

2
• Long-term: 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 0.3 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘
3
≥ 𝜎𝑡,𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑒

The section is not cracked, when both conditions above is verified.

2.8.5.3. Verification of Deflection

We use the following formula for calculation:

𝐾𝐿2 𝑘𝑀𝐿2 [Ref. (2), Page. 50]

𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑟𝑏 𝐸𝐼𝑐

Where,

o For Cantilever: 𝑘 = 0.25

𝛽 𝑀𝐴 +𝑀𝐵
o For Continuous Span: 𝑘 = 0.104 ∙ (1 + 10) ; 𝛽 = 𝑀𝐶

17
 • Short-term Deflection:

Short-term deflection is occurred by load combination (PP+G) and Wpi after immediate
losses.

We use:

𝑓𝑐𝑚 0.3
𝐸𝑐𝑚 = 22000 ∙ ( )
10
𝐿
The allowable deflection: 250

• Long-term deflection:

Long-term deflection happens due to the load combination quasi-permanent and Wpmt of
prestress after long-term losses.

We use:

𝐸𝑐𝑚
𝐸𝑐𝑚,𝑒𝑓𝑓 =
1+𝜑
𝐿
The allowable deflection: 250

2.8.6. Verification in Ultimate State Limit

2.8.6.1. Verify Moment Capacity

After checking the service limit state, we must check the ultimate limit state (resistance
to bending of section).

We must compare the loading moment MEd with the resistance moment MRd with the
quantity of active prestressing steel calculated to satisfy the different criteria in ELS, we must
verify that:

𝑀𝐸𝑑 ≤ 𝑀𝑅𝑑

If this condition is verified, it means that the quantity of prestressing steel is sufficient
to resist the loading moment or moment solicitation. Otherwise, if the moment of resistance
MRd is less that the moment of solicitation, we must:

• Increase the quantity of the prestressing steel,

• Or add passive reinforcement, which is not prestressing steel.

18
 There are 3 methods to verify ELU, which are:

• The prestressing is considered completely from the resistance cable.

• The prestressing is considered completely from the cable of the actions.
• The prestressing is considered partially as an action and partially as a resistance.

Figure 12: The Prestressing is Considered Completely from the Resistance Cable
Hypothesis for calculating moment capacity to verify ELU moment:

o The compression zone is in the form of rectangular.

o The prestressing steel is σpud.
o The prestressing steel area is As and fyd.
o Strain of prestressing steel: εcu = 0.0035
• For rectangular section, the resultant of compression force is defined as:

𝐹𝑐𝑑 = 𝜂 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 ∙ 𝜆 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑏 [Ref. (7), Page 225]

• The resultant of traction force on the cross section is the force of the tendon.

𝐹𝑝𝑡𝑑 = 𝜎𝑝𝑢𝑑 ∙ 𝐴𝑃 [Ref. (7), Page 225]

• Moment resistance obtained is:

𝜆∙𝑥 [Ref. (7), Page 225]
𝑀𝑅𝑑 = 𝐹𝑝𝑢𝑑 ∙ (𝑑𝑃 − )
2

• Assuming that As = 0

𝐹𝑐𝑑 = 𝐹𝑝𝑡𝑑

[Ref. (7), Page 225]

- 𝜆 = 0.8 for 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ≤ 50𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓𝑐𝑘 −50 [Ref. (7), Page 225]

- 𝜆 = 0.8 − for 50𝑀𝑃𝑎 ≤ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ≤ 90𝑀𝑃𝑎
400

19
 [Ref. (7), Page 225]
- 𝜂 = 1 for 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ≤ 50 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓𝑐𝑘 −50 [Ref. (7), Page 225]

- 𝜂 = 1− for 50𝑀𝑃𝑎 ≤ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ≤ 90𝑀𝑃𝑎
200

If MRd ≥ MEd, it is not necessary to add non-prestressing steel. However, it is practically

necessary to use minimum passive rebar.

2.8.6.2. Ductility

A structure or structural member is said to be ductile if it can withstand major plastic

deformations without significantly losing its ability to support loads. As the collapse load
approaches, it can redistribute internal actions and offer indeterminate structure with different
load paths.

In the verification of moment solicitation, when MEd ≥ MRd, we need to add passive
reinforcement to provide adequate strength; plus, ensuring that section is ductile is also
important.

[Ref. (7), Page 243]

𝑥 < 0.3 ∙ 𝑑𝑃

If the condition above is verified, the section is large enough to provide ductility
sufficient.

2.8.6.3. Shear Resistance

Prestressing force generally has a favourable effect on the ultimate limit state of the shear
force:

• Resistance: by compressive stress

• Loading: if reinforcement is inclined.

The rules of Eurocode 2 are the same as for reinforced concrete. General condition to check
is:

𝑉𝑅𝑑 ≥ 𝑉𝐸𝑑

VEd: design value of the shear force acting at the ULS.

VRd: calculation value of the shear force resisting the ULS.

We distinguish:

20
 o 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 : calculation value of the resistant shear force of an element without shear
reinforcement.
o 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑠 : is the design shear force that can be taken up by the force reinforcements
cutting edge working at the elastic limit.
o 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 : calculation value of the maximum resistant shear force that can be taken
up by the element corresponding to the crushing of the compressed connecting rods.
• Elements for which no shear reinforcement is required:

The resistant shear force 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 is calculated by:

1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 ∙ 𝑘 ∙ (100 ∙ 𝜌1 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 + 𝑘1 ∙ 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ] ∙ 𝑏𝑤 ∙ 𝑑 >
[Ref. (2), Page 74]
(𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 ∙ 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ) ∙ 𝑏𝑤 ∙ 𝑑

Which:

0.18
- 𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 𝛾𝑐

- 𝑘1 = 0.15
3 1
- 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 ∙ 𝑘1 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 2

200
- 𝑘 =1+√ < 2; d is in mm
𝑑

𝐴𝑠𝑙
- 𝜌𝑙 = 𝑏 ≤ 0.02
𝑤 ∙𝑑

- 𝐴𝑠𝑙 : section of tension reinforcement extended longer than

d+lbd beyond the section considered.
𝑁𝐸𝑑
- 𝜎𝑐𝑝 = < 0.2 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑
𝐴𝑐

Figure 13: Definition of Asl

21
 • The Maximum Resistant Shear Force (Corresponding to the Crushing of the
Connecting Rods)

The limit of the concrete resistance of the connecting rods to compression is determined
by:

𝛼𝑐𝑤 ∙ 𝑏𝑤 ∙ 𝑍 ∙ 𝑣1 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 [Ref. (2), Page 76]

𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

Which:

- 𝑣1 = 0.6 for 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ≤ 60𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓
- 𝑐𝑘
𝑣1 = 0.9 − 200 > 0.5 for 𝑓𝑐𝑘 > 60𝑀𝑃𝑎

- 𝛼𝑐𝑤 : is a coefficient considering the state of stress in the

compressed member. The following values are the
recommended value of 𝛼𝑐𝑤 :

- 𝛼𝑐𝑤 = 1 for non-prestressed structures

𝜎𝑐𝑝
- 𝛼𝑤 = 1 + 𝑓 for 0 < 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ≤ 0.5 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑
𝑐𝑑

- 𝛼𝑤 = 1.25 for 0.25 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 < 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ≤ 0.5 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑

𝜎𝑐𝑝
- 𝛼𝑤 = 2.5 ∙ (1 − 𝑓 ) for 0.5 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 < 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ≤ 𝑓𝑐𝑑
𝑐𝑑

• Minimum Shear Reinforcement

According to EN 1992-1-1 (2004), minimum quantity of transversal reinforcement is:

0.5
𝐴𝑠𝑤 0.08 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∙ 𝑏𝑤 [Ref. (2), Page 78]
=
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑘
2.8.6.4. Punching Resistance of Post-Tensioned Slab

The deflection, bending, and punching resistance of a post-tensioned slab conditionally

determine its thickness.

22
 Figure 14: Punching Failure

Post-tensioned slab is divided into 3 types of strips such as:

o Edge strip
o Intermediate strip near the edge of slab
o Intermediate strip of slab.

Figure 15: Types of Strips of Post-Tensioned Slab

23
 Figure 16: Types of Columns

For A, the support locating at the edge of strip in both directions.

[Ref. (8), Page 56]

𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝛽 × 𝜇 × 𝜌 × 𝐿 × 𝑙

For B, the support locating at the strip near the edge in a single direction with 𝑙 ≤ 𝐿
(direction N to S)

𝑙2 𝑙2 [Ref (8), Page 57]

𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝛽 × 𝜌 × [𝜇 × + (𝐿 × 𝑙 − )]
2 2

For C, the support locating at the strip near the edge in a single direction with 𝑙 ≤ 𝐿
(direction E to W)

𝑙2 𝑙2 [Ref (8), Page 57]

𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝛽 × 𝜌 × [ + 𝜇 × (𝐿 × 𝑙 − )]
2 2

Elsewhere,

[Ref (8), Page 57]

𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝛽 × 𝜌 × 𝐿 × 𝑙

Where:

𝑙 is half sum of the lengths of the spans located on either side of the column in one
direction.

24
 𝐿 is half sum of the lengths of the spans located on either side of the column in other
direction with 𝐿 ≥ 𝑙

𝜌 = (1.35𝑔 + 1.5𝑞) = Load in Ultimate State Limit

𝜇 is coefficient of continuity retained for the support near the edge support of a
continuous beam. 𝜇 = 1.1 for more than two spans.

𝛽 is the coefficient of increase of the punching force to consider the eccentric loading
because of moment transmitted by the slab in the column.

Figure 17: Coefficient β

• Right on the Column

Verification of shear:

o The Central Column of Intermediate Strip

𝑉𝐸𝑑 [Ref. (8), Page 57]
𝑣𝐸𝑑,0 = ≤ 𝑣𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.4 ∙ 𝜈 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑
𝑢0 ∙ 𝑑

𝑢0 = 2 ∙ (𝑐1 + 𝑐2 )
𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝜈 = 0.6 ∙ (1 − )
250

o Intermediate Strip End Column (Edge Column)

𝑉𝐸𝑑 [Ref. (8), Page 58]
𝑣𝐸𝑑,0 = ≤ 𝑣𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.5 ∙ 𝜈 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑
𝑢0 ∙ 𝑑

𝑢0 = min(𝑐2 + 3 ∙ 𝑑, 𝑐2 + 2 ∙ 𝑐1 )

25
 o Corner Column
𝑉𝐸𝑑 [Ref. (8), Page 59]
𝑣𝐸𝑑,0 = ≤ 𝑣𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.5 ∙ 𝜈 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑
𝑢0 ∙ 𝑑

𝑢0 = min(3 ∙ 𝑑, 𝑐2 + 𝑐1 )

• At Distance 2d from Column

𝑉𝐸𝑑
𝑣𝐸𝑑 = ≤ 𝑣𝑅𝑑,𝑐 [Ref. (8), Page 59]
𝑢1 ∙ 𝑑
For slab that is not reinforced for punching

Which:

- 𝑢1 = 2 ∙ (𝑐1 + 𝑐2 ) + 4 ∙ 𝜋 ∙ 𝑑 For central column

For edge column

- 𝑢1 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + 2 ∙ 𝑐3 + 2 ∙ 𝜋 ∙ 𝑑

For corner column

- 𝑢1 = 0.5 ∙ 𝑐1 + 0.5 ∙ 𝑐2 + 𝑐3 + 𝑐4 + 𝜋

As for 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐

[Ref. (8), Page 57]

𝑣𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 × 𝜎𝑐𝑃

Which:

3 1
- 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 × 𝑘 × 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 2

0.2
- 𝑘 =1+√𝑑 ≤2

- 𝑘1 = 0.10

𝑃
- 𝜎𝑐𝑃 = ℎ

𝑃 is compressive force due to prestressing for a slab width 𝑚

ℎ thickness of slab

26
 CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
3.1. Study Condition

• Type of building: Post-Tensioned Slab

• Type of studying slab: Post-tensioned slab at 9th floor

Figure 18: Post-Tensioned Slab at 9th Floor

• LTotal = 34.775 m
• BTotal = 10.4 m
• Height of each floor: hfloor = 3.95m

3.2. Pre-Dimension of Post-Tensioned Slab

Based on SEDIP (2015), we can do a pre-dimension of slab as well as band beam. We

have:

- Maximum span of slab: 𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 9.6𝑚

- Live load on slab: 𝑢𝐿𝐿 = 2.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

For live load: 𝑢𝐿𝐿 = 2.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 9.6
⇒ ℎ𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = = = 0.213𝑚
45 45
𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥
⇒ ℎ𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = = 0.32𝑚
30

⇒ 𝑏𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 3 ∙ ℎ𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 1.5𝑚

We choose ℎ𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 0.25𝑚, ℎ𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 0.45𝑚 and 𝑏𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 2.5𝑚

27
3.3. Dead Load

Permanent loads include the weight of all construction materials incorporated into the
building, including, but not limited to, walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairs, partitions, finishes,
coverings, other architecture, similar structures fixed service items and equipment, including
crane weights.

3.2.1. Self-Weight

• Self-weight of slab: 𝑃𝑃𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 𝜌𝑐 ∙ ℎ𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 25 × 0.25 = 6.25𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

• Self-weight of band beam: 𝑃𝑃𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝜌𝑐 ∙ ℎ𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 25 ∙ 0.45 = 11.25𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

3.2.2. Super Dead Load

Table 2: Weight of Super Dead Load

- Weight of Lintel 7.79 kN

- Weight of Glass 79.485 kN

- Weight of brick 10 279.307 kN

- Weight of brick 20 170.416 kN

We assume the lump sum of tile with mortar, ceiling and MEP: 1.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

Total Super Dead Load:

𝑊𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑙 + 𝑊𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 + 𝑊𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑘10 + 𝑊𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑘20

𝐺= + 𝑊𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒,𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔,𝑀𝐸𝑃 = 3.190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

3.4. Live Load

Variable load or live load refers to the load that can change over time or loads imposed
are temporary of short duration such as people, tables, chairs, all equipment, etc.

[Ref. (5), Page 22]

𝑄 = 2.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

3.5. Wind Load

The wind load assumption is based on EN 1991-1-4:

• Height of building: 47.4 m

• Width of floor: 10.4 m
• Length of floor: 34.775 m

28
 • Number of storeys: 12 floors
• Type of roof: Terrace
• Category: IV (Area in which at least 15% of the surface is covered with
buildings and their average height exceeds 15m) [Annex A]
• 𝐶0 (𝑧) = 1: is the orography factor.
• 𝑉𝑏,0 = 24 𝑚/𝑠: [Ref. (9), Page 55]
• 𝐶𝑠 𝐶𝑑 = 1 [Annex A]
• 𝜌 = 1.25 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 [Ref. (9), Page 51]

Figure 19: Plan View of Zones D and E

ℎ 47.4
• Direction X: 𝑑 = 34.775 = 1.363

o Zone D: 𝑐𝑝𝑒 = +0.8

o Zone E: 𝑐𝑝𝑒 = −0.51815
ℎ 47.4
• Direction Y: 𝑑 = 10.4 = 4.557

o Zone D: 𝑐𝑝𝑒 = +0.8

o Zone E: 𝑐𝑝𝑒 = −0.67785

For this wind action, I will apply it building using ETABS software to get the results to
use in ultimate limit state (moment capacity verification).

3.6. Load Combination

• Serviceability Limit State:

o Combination Quasi-Permanent: 1.0(𝑃𝑃 + 𝐺) + 0.3𝑄

29
 o Combination Characteristic: 1.0(𝑃𝑃 + 𝐺) + 1.0𝑄
• Ultimate Limit State:
o 1.35(𝑃𝑃 + 𝐺) + 1.5𝑄
o 1.35(𝑃𝑃 + 𝐺) + 1.5𝑄 + 0.9𝑊
o 1.35(𝑃𝑃 + 𝐺) + 1.5𝑄 − 0.9𝑊
o 1.35(𝑃𝑃 + 𝐺) + 1.05𝑄 + 1.5𝑊
o 1.35(𝑃𝑃 + 𝐺) + 1.05𝑄 − 1.5𝑊

30
 CHAPTER IV: CALCULATION OF POST-TENSION SLAB
4.1. Hypothesis
4.1.1. Concrete

• Unit weight of concrete: 𝜌𝑐 = 25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3

• Characteristic compressive strength at 28days: 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 35 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (Cylinder)
• Concrete strength at transfer: 𝑓𝑐𝑗,𝑐𝑦𝑙 = 75% ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 26.25 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2/3
• Characteristic tensile strength: 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 0.3 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 3.21 𝑀𝑃𝑎
• Mean compressive strength: 𝑓𝑐𝑚 = 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 8 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 43 𝑀𝑃𝑎
• Modulus of elasticity: 𝐸𝑐𝑚 = 2200 ∙ (𝑓𝑐𝑚 /10𝑀𝑃𝑎)0.3

𝐸𝑐𝑚 = 34077.146 𝑀𝑃𝑎

4.1.2. Steel Reinforcement

• Characteristic tensile strength: 𝑓𝑦 = 390 𝑀𝑃𝑎

• Mean compressive strength: 𝐸𝑆 = 2 ∙ 105 𝑀𝑃𝑎

4.1.3. Prestressing Steel

• Type of strand: 7-wire-strand with diameter of 12.7 mm

• Area of strand: 𝐴𝑝 = 98.7𝑚𝑚2
• Characteristic tensile strength: 𝑓𝑝𝑡𝑘 = 1860 𝑀𝑃𝑎
• Modulus of elasticity: 𝐸𝑃 = 195000 𝑀𝑃𝑎
• Maximum Stress: 𝜎𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1395 𝑀𝑃𝑎

4.1.4. Drape

• Cover of slab: 𝐶 = 25𝑚𝑚

• Diameter of duct: 𝑑 = 30𝑚𝑚
• Height of duct: ℎ𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 20𝑚𝑚
• Diameter of shrinkage rebar: 𝑑𝜙 = 10𝑚𝑚
20
• Minimum cover of tendon: 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 25 + 10 + = 45𝑚𝑚
2

31
4.2. Checking Vibration

The peak ground acceleration ratio of ground acceleration “g”:

𝑎𝑃 𝑃0 ∙ 𝑒 −0.35∙𝑓𝑛
=
𝑔 𝛽∙𝑊

The process of calculation of peak ground acceleration is described in ANNEX B.

Table 3: Result of Peak Ground Acceleration Ratio

Mode Natural Frequency W [kN] 𝒂𝑷 /𝒈 [%]

#1 12.19 3900.988 0.00479

#2 13.31 1438.112 0.00879

#3 15.08 719.056 0.00946

From this figure, we can say that the floor panels are acceptable for office and
residential occupation.

32
4.3. Calculation of the Selected Strips
4.3.1. Strips of Calculation

Figure 20: Calculation Strip

4.3.2. Pre-number of Strands

Using the formula:

̅̅̅0 + 𝑀0 ∙ 𝜈 ′
𝜎 𝑡 𝐼𝑐
𝑃𝑖;𝑡𝑜𝑡 =
1 𝑒 ∙ 𝜈′
(− 𝐴 + 𝐼 )
𝑐 𝑐

𝑃𝑖;𝑡𝑜𝑡
𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 =
𝑃𝑖

Assume that the instantaneous loss is 15%, so that 𝑃𝑖 = 117𝑘𝑁/𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑. In this

calculation, I propose the eccentricity of tendon as below and finally we get the result:

Table 4: Pre-number of Strands

x M0 Ac Ic e v' Pi; tot

Point nstrand
m kNm m2 m4 m m kN
A 0 0.000 2 0.0284 0 0.18125 -5299.53 45.30
B 0.4 -290.720 2 0.0284 0.16 0.18125 -525.74 4.49
C 5.2 285.280 2 0.0284 0.16 0.18125 -2940.63 25.13
D 10 -290.720 2 0.0284 0.16 0.18125 -525.74 4.49
E 10.4 0.000 2 0.0284 0 0.18125 -5299.53 45.30
The detailed calculation is in ANNEX C. From this table, we get 𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑,𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
5 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 and 𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 46 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠

By this, I would like to use 12 strands (𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 12).

33
4.3.3. Determine Prestressed Loss
4.3.3.1. Immediate Losses

• Friction Loss

Figure 21: Tendon Profile

Using the formula:

[Ref. (2), Page 27]

𝜎𝜇 = 𝜎𝑃;𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 −𝜇(𝛼+𝜃∙𝑥)

For strand: 𝜇 = 0.19 and 𝜃 = 0.005 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑚

μ = 0.19

θ = 0.005 rad/m

α: angular deviation of the tendon

x: length of tendon of the calculating point

The detailed calculation of friction loss is in ANNEX C.

Table 5: Stress due to Friction Loss Each Point

x α σP, max σμ Δσμ

Point
m m Mpa Mpa Mpa
A 0.000 0.000 1395.000 1395.000 0.000
B1 0.360 0.153 1395.000 1354.534 40.466
B 0.400 0.294 1395.000 1318.826 76.174
B2 1.360 0.495 1395.000 1268.195 126.805
C 5.200 0.495 1395.000 1263.491 131.509
D1 9.040 0.696 1395.000 1211.658 183.342
D 10.000 0.837 1395.000 1178.541 216.459
D2 10.040 0.991 1395.000 1144.632 250.368
E 10.400 0.991 1395.000 1144.241 250.759

34
 Friction Loss
1450

1400 1395.000

1350
Stress  (MPa)

1300
Friction Loss
1250

1200

1150 1144.241

1100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Distance x (m)

Figure 22: Diagram of Stress due to Friction Loss

• Anchorage Sip Loss:

We have 2𝑚𝑚 < 𝛿𝑠 < 8𝑚𝑚 so we assume that 𝛿𝑠 = 6𝑚𝑚.

After the calculation in ANNEX C, we got 𝑙𝑠 = 9.463𝑚 and the result below:

Table 6: Stress due to Anchorage Slip Loss

x σμ σg σg
Point
m MPa MPa MPa
A 0.000 1395.000 999.109 395.891
B1 0.360 1354.534 1039.574 314.960
B 0.400 1318.826 1075.283 243.543
B2 1.360 1268.195 1125.913 142.282
C 5.200 1263.491 1130.618 132.873
D1 9.040 1211.658 1211.658 0.000
Ls 9.463 1197.054 1197.054 0.000
D 10.000 1178.541 1178.541 0.000
D2 10.040 1144.632 1144.632 0.000
E 10.400 1144.241 1144.241 0.000
o Elongation after slipping:

1 𝑥
Δ𝑙𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 = Δ𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 − 𝛿𝑠 = ∫ 𝜎 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 − 6𝑚𝑚 = 55.032𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝑃 0 𝑥

35
 Table 7: Comparation of Result of Manual Calculation with ADAPT Builder

Manual Calculation ADAPT Builder

σg/fptk (MPa) 0.605 0.60

Elongation 55.032 mm 62 mm

Figure 23: Result of Anchorage Slip from ADAPT Builder

Anchorage Slip Loss

1500

1400

1300 1211.658 Friction Loss

Stress  (MPa)

Seating Loss
1200

1100 1144.241

1000 999.109

900
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)
Figure 24: Diagram of Stress due to Friction and Anchorage Slip Losses

• Elastic Shortening Loss

Using the following formula,

𝑛−1 [Ref. (2). Page 32]

Δ𝜎𝑒𝑙 = 𝛼𝑒 ∙ ∙ 𝜎𝑐𝑝;𝑡𝑜𝑡
2𝑛
𝑀𝑃𝑖 ∙𝑒 𝑃 𝐸
Where, 𝜎𝑐𝑝;𝑡𝑜𝑡 = + 𝐴𝑖 and 𝛼𝑒 = 𝐸 𝑃
𝐼𝑐 𝑐 𝑐𝑚

After the calculation in ANNEX C, we got the result as the table below:

36
 Table 8: Stress due to Elastic Shortening Loss

x MPi cp el el, moy +g el

Point
m kNm MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa
A 0.000 135.480 1.068 2.800 999.109 995.398
B1 0.360 135.480 1.349 3.537 1039.574 1035.863
B 0.400 251.640 2.051 5.380 1075.283 1071.572
B2 1.360 95.040 0.987 2.589 1125.913 1122.203
C 5.200 -182.520 1.696 4.447 1130.618 1126.907
3.711
D1 9.040 95.040 0.827 2.169 1211.658 1207.948
Ls 9.463 161.640 1.494 3.919 1197.054 1193.344
D 10.000 251.640 2.112 5.540 1178.541 1174.830
D2 10.040 135.480 1.411 3.700 1144.632 1140.921
E 10.400 135.480 1.154 3.026 1144.241 1140.530

Elastic Shortening Loss

1500

1400

1300
Stress (MPa)

1200

1100
1140.530
1000
Friction Loss
995.398
900 Anchorage Loss
Elastic Shortening Loss
800
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Distance x (m)

Figure 25: Diagram of Stress due to Elastic Shortening Loss

After all the immediate losses, we can find stress after immediate losses:
Table 9: Stress due to Immediate Losses

 g el inst inst Pi

Point
MPa MPa MPa MPa MNm MPa
A 0.000 395.891 2.800 398.691 0.000 996.309

37
B1 40.466 314.960 3.537 358.963 136.378 1036.037
B 76.174 243.543 5.380 325.097 13.681 1069.903
B2 126.805 142.282 2.589 271.676 286.451 1123.324
C 131.509 132.873 4.447 268.829 1037.770 1126.171
D1 183.342 0.000 2.169 185.511 872.333 1209.489
Ls 197.946 0.000 3.919 201.865 81.996 1193.135
D 216.459 0.000 5.540 221.999 113.736 1173.001
D2 250.368 0.000 3.700 254.068 9.521 1140.932
E 250.759 0.000 3.026 253.785 91.414 1141.215
o Average immediate losses:

0 + 136.378 + 13.681 + ⋯ + 9.521 + 91.414

Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = = 254.161 𝑀𝑃𝑎
10.4

o Percentage of Immediate Loss:

Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 254.161
%Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = × 100 = × 100 = 18.219%
𝜎𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 1395

o Stress after immediate losses:

𝜎𝑃𝑖 = 𝜎𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 − Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 1395 − 254.161 = 1140.839𝑀𝑃𝑎

o Prestressing Force after immediate losses:

𝑃𝑖 = 𝜎𝑃𝑖 × 𝐴𝑃 = 1140.839 × 98.7 × 0.001 = 112.601𝑘𝑁

4.3.3.2. Time-Dependent Losses

Using the following formula:

Δ𝜎̅𝑝𝑟 + 𝜀𝑐𝑠 ∙ 𝐸𝑃 + 𝛼𝑒 ∙ 𝜑 ∙ (𝜎𝑐𝑔𝑜 + 𝜎𝑐𝑝𝑖 )

ΔσP,csr = [Ref. (2), Page 37]
𝐴 𝑒2
1 + 𝑃,𝑡𝑜𝑡 ∙ 𝛼 𝑒 ∙ (1 + 2 ) ∙ (1 + 𝜒 ∙ 𝜑)
𝐴𝑐 𝑖

After the calculation in ANNEX C, we got the result as below table:

Table 10: Stress due to Time-Dependent Losses

x MPP+G Pi σcgo σcpi Δσpcsr σpmt

Point
m kNm kN MPa MPa MPa MPa
A 0.000 0 1180.028 0.000 1.065 66.258 939.422
B1 0.360 -4.48 1227.082 -0.024 1.345 69.293 979.151

38
 B 0.400 -402.01 1267.193 -2.260 2.043 50.819 1013.017
B2 1.360 -115.13 1330.465 -0.388 0.985 62.076 1066.438
C 5.200 394.48 1333.837 -2.217 1.688 47.689 1069.285
D1 9.040 -115.13 1432.519 -0.133 0.826 64.669 1152.603
Ls 9.463 -235.27 1413.149 -1.143 1.486 59.422 1136.249
D 10.000 -402.01 1389.302 -2.260 2.104 52.827 1116.114
D2 10.040 -4.48 1351.320 -0.024 1.407 71.338 1084.046
E 10.400 0.000 1351.655 0.000 1.151 69.108 1084.329

Time-dependent Losses
1500

1400

1300
Stress (MPa)

1200 Friction Loss

1100 Anchorage Loss

Elastic Shortening Loss
1000 1084.329
939.422 Long-term Losses
900

800
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

Figure 26: Stress due to Time-Dependent Losses

o Average time-dependent losses:

0 + 24.399 + ⋯ + 25.280
Δ𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = = 56.886𝑀𝑃𝑎
10.4

o Percentage of time-dependent losses:

Δ𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 56.886
%Δ𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = × 100 = × 100 = 4.986%
𝜎𝑃𝑖 1140.839

o Stress after time-dependent losses:

𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡 = 𝜎𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 − Δ𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 1140.839 − 56.886 = 1083.952𝑀𝑃𝑎

o Prestressing force after time-dependent losses:

𝑃𝑚𝑡 = 𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡 × 𝐴𝑃 = 1085.115 × 98.7 × 0.001 = 106.986𝑘𝑁

By this, we get: 𝑃𝑖 = 112.601𝑘𝑁/𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 and 𝑃𝑚𝑡 = 106.986𝑘𝑁/𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑

39
 4.3.4. Verify Stress

• Transfer Stage:
𝑃 𝑀 𝑃𝑖 𝑀0
o 𝜎𝑡0 = − 𝐴 𝑖 + ∙ 𝜈′ − ∙ 𝜈 ′ ≤ ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡0
𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐

𝑃 𝑀 𝑃𝑖 𝑀0
o 𝜎𝑐0 = − 𝐴 𝑖 − ∙𝜈+ ̅̅̅0
∙ 𝜈 ≥ −𝜎
𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝑐
𝑐

o ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑐0 = 0.6 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑗,𝑐𝑦𝑙 = 0.6 × 0.75 × 35 = 15.75 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2
o ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡0 = 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚,𝑗 = 0.3 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑗3 = 0.3 × (0.75 × 35)3 = 2.65 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Where: 𝐴𝑐 = 2𝑚2 and 𝐼𝑐 = 0.0285𝑚4

After the calculation in ANNEX D, we got the result in the following table:

Table 11: Stress Verification at Transfer Stage

X v v' M0 Mpi σ0 t σ0 c
Point
m m m kNm kNm MPa MPa
A 0.000 0.2688 0.1813 0.000 135.120 0.178 -1.958
B 0.400 0.2688 0.1813 -290.720 250.680 -0.937 -0.304
C 5.200 0.2688 0.1813 285.280 -181.680 -0.022 -1.660
D 10.000 0.2688 0.1813 -290.720 250.680 -0.937 -0.304
E 10.400 0.2688 0.1813 0.000 135.120 0.178 -1.958

Transfer Stage
3.00
1.00 0.178 -0.022 0.178

-1.00
-1.958 -1.958
-3.00 -1.660
Stress (MPa)

-5.00
-7.00
-9.00 Sigma_t_0
Sigma_c_0
-11.00
Sigma_c_0_bar
-13.00
Sigma_t_0_bar
-15.00
-17.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

Figure 27: Diagram of Stress Verification at Transfer Stage

40
 • Serviceability:
▪ Characteristic Combination
𝜂𝑃𝑖 𝜂𝑀𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑇
o 𝜎𝑐𝑡 = − + ∙ 𝜈′ − ̅̅̅𝑡
∙ 𝜈 ′ ≥ −𝜎
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝑐

𝜂𝑃𝑖 𝜂𝑀𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑇
o 𝜎𝑡𝑡 = − − ∙𝜈+ ∙ 𝜈 ≤ ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡𝑡
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐

o ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑐𝑡 = 0.5 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.5 × 35 = 17.50 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2
o ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡𝑡 = 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 0.3 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘
3
= 0.3 × (35)3 = 3.210 𝑀𝑃𝑎

After the calculation in ANNEX D, we got the result in the table below:

Table 12: Stress Verification for Characteristic Combination

x v v' Mpmt MT σt t σt c
Point
m m m kNm kNm MPa MPa
A 0.000 0.2688 0.1813 128.382 0.000 0.171 -1.859
B 0.400 0.2688 0.1813 238.180 -489.230 -2.245 1.724
C 5.200 0.2688 0.1813 -172.621 480.060 1.311 -3.549
D 10.000 0.2688 0.1813 238.180 -489.230 -2.245 1.724
E 10.400 0.2688 0.1813 128.382 0.000 0.171 -1.859

Characteristic Combination
5.0

2.0 1.724 1.724

-1.0 1.311

-4.0
Stress (MPa)

-2.245 -2.245
-3.549
-7.0
Sigma_t_t
-10.0 Sigma_c_t
Sigma_c_t_bar
-13.0
Sigma_t_t_bar
-16.0

-19.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

Figure 28: Diagram of Stress Verification for Characteristic Combination

41
 ▪ Quasi-Permanent Combination
𝜂𝑀𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑞𝑝
o 𝜎𝑐𝑞𝑝 = −
𝜂𝑃𝑖
+ ∙ 𝜈′ − ̅̅̅̅̅
∙ 𝜈 ′ ≥ −𝜎 𝑞𝑝
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝑐

𝜂𝑀𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑞𝑝
∙ 𝜈 ≤ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝜂𝑃𝑖
o 𝜎𝑡𝑞𝑝 = − − ∙𝜈+ 𝜎𝑡𝑞𝑝
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐

o ̅̅̅̅̅
𝜎𝑐𝑞𝑝 = 0.5 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.45 × 35 = 15.75 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2
o ̅̅̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡𝑞𝑝 = 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 0.3 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘
3
= 0.3 × (35)3 = 3.210 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Table 13: Stress Verification for Quasi-Permanent Combination

x v v' Mpmt MQP σqpt σqpc

Point
m m m kNm kNm MPa MPa
A 0.000 0.2688 0.1813 128.382 0.000 0.171 -1.859
B 0.400 0.2688 0.1813 238.180 -428.180 -1.856 1.148
C 5.200 0.2688 0.1813 -172.621 420.160 0.930 -2.984
D 10.000 0.2688 0.1813 238.180 -428.180 -1.856 1.148
E 10.400 0.2688 0.1813 128.382 0.000 0.171 -1.859

Quasi-Permanent Combination
6.00

3.00
1.148 1.148
0.00
0.930
Stress (MPa)

-3.00
-1.856 -1.856
-6.00 -2.984
Sigma_t_qp
-9.00 Sigma_c_qp
Sigma_c_qp_bar
-12.00
Sigma_t_qp_bar
-15.00

-18.00
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0
Distance x (m)

Figure 29: Diagram of Stress Verification for Quasi-Permanent Combination

42
 4.3.5. Verify Deflection

Using the following formula,

𝐾𝐿2 𝑘𝑀𝐿2 [Ref. (2), Page. 50]

𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑟𝑏 𝐸𝐼𝑐

• Short-term deflection
𝐿2
𝛿𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 = 𝛿𝑃𝑃+𝐺 − 𝛿𝑃𝑖 = ∙ (𝑘𝑃𝑃+𝐺 ∙ 𝑀𝑃𝑃+𝐺 − 𝑘𝑃𝑖 ∙ 𝑀𝑃𝑖 )
𝐸𝑐𝑚 ∙ 𝐼𝑐

𝑓𝑐𝑚 0.3
𝐸𝑐𝑚 = 22000 ∙ ( ) = 34077.146 𝑀𝑃𝑎
10
After the calculation in ANNEX D, we got the result in the table below:

Table 14: Result of Short-Term Deflection

Length δPP+G δPi δinst δadm

Span Verify
m mm mm mm mm
L1 0.4 -0.016 0.010 -0.006 1.600 OK
L2 9.6 3.104 -1.300 1.804 38.400 OK
L3 0.4 -0.016 0.010 -0.006 1.600 OK

• Long-term deflection
𝐿2
𝛿𝐿𝑇 = 𝛿𝑞𝑝 − 𝛿𝑃𝑚𝑡 = ∙ (𝑘𝑞𝑝 ∙ 𝑀𝑞𝑝 − 𝑘𝑃𝑚𝑡 ∙ 𝑀𝑃𝑚𝑡 )
𝐸𝑐𝑚,𝑒𝑓𝑓 ∙ 𝐼𝑐

𝐸𝑐𝑚 34077.146
𝐸𝑐𝑚,𝑒𝑓𝑓 = = = 10671.513 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1+𝜑 1 + 2.193

After the calculation in ANNEX D, we got the result:

Table 15: Result of Long-Term Deflection

Length δqp δPmt δLT δadm

Span Verify
m mm mm mm mm
L1 0.4 -0.056 0.031 -0.025 1.600 OK
L2 9.6 10.556 -3.944 6.612 38.400 OK
L3 0.4 -0.056 0.031 -0.025 1.600 OK

43
 4.3.6. Verify Moment Capacity (ELU)

Since the section in the Y-direction is T section, we consider the calculation as figure
below:

Figure 30: Flanged Sections Subjected to the Design Flexural Resistance

After the calculation in ANNEX E, we got the positive moment resistance as below:

Table 16: Result of Positive Moment Resistance

x dp σpud Fptd Fcd X MRd+

Point
m m MPa MN MN m kNm
A 0 0.125 1564.630 1.853 1.853 0.017 219.378
B 0.4 0.065 1468.926 1.740 1.740 0.016 102.276
C 5.2 0.385 1895.347 2.245 2.246 0.020 846.262
D 10 0.065 1468.926 1.740 1.740 0.016 102.276
E 10.4 0.125 1564.630 1.853 1.853 0.017 219.378
Table 17: Result of Negative Moment Resistance

x dp σpud Fptd Fcd X MRd-

Point
m m MPa MN MN m kNm
A 0 0.325 1827.524 2.165 2.165 0.019 -686.732
B 0.4 0.385 1895.387 2.245 2.246 0.020 -846.281
C 5.2 0.065 1468.926 1.740 1.740 0.016 -102.276
D 10 0.385 1895.347 2.245 2.246 0.020 -846.262

44
 E 10.4 0.325 1827.524 2.165 2.165 0.019 -686.732
Getting the result from ROBOT Structural Analysis, we got the result MEd:

Table 18: Moment for ELU Combination

e Pmt Mpmt Mhyper MEd M*Ed M*Ed_Wind

Point
m kN kNm kNm kNm kNm kNm
A 0.100 1112.652 128.382 17.117 0.000 17.117 17.117
B 0.160 1199.817 238.180 46.210 -673.540 -627.330 -759.931
C -0.160 1266.461 -172.621 30.013 660.920 690.933 638.692
D 0.160 1321.926 238.180 26.672 -673.540 -646.868 -779.469
E 0.100 1284.279 128.382 -0.045 0.000 -0.045 -0.045

Moment Verification for ELU

-1000
-800
-600
-400 -646.868
Moment (kNm)

-200 -627.330
MRd+
0
200 MRd-
690.933 M*Ed
400
600
800
1000
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

Figure 31: Diagram of Moment Resistance and Moment ELU

Moment Verification for ELU+Wind

-1000
-800
-600
Moment (kNm)

-400
-759.931 -779.469
-200
MRd+
0
200 MRd-
638.692
400 M*Ed+Wind
600
800
1000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

Figure 32: Diagram of Moment Resistance and Moment ELU+Wind

45
 4.3.7. Verify Ductility

We verify the strip section using the following formula:

[Ref. (7), Page 243]

𝑥 < 0.3 ∙ 𝑑𝑃

Table 19: Result of Ductility Verification

x dp X
Point Verify
m m m
A 0 0.125 0.0165 Ok
B 0.4 0.065 0.0155 Ok
C 5.2 0.385 0.0201 Ok
D 10 0.065 0.0155 Ok
E 10.4 0.125 0.0165 Ok
Based on the result from the table, we can say that the section is satisfied in terms of
ductility.

4.3.8. Verify Shear Resistance

To verify shear resistance, we need to satisfy the following condition:

∗
𝑉𝑅𝑑 ≥ 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑,0 + 𝑉𝐸𝑑 (𝑃𝑚𝑡 )

• Elements for which no shear force reinforcement is required:

After the calculation in ANNEX E, we got the result as below:

Table 20: Result of Shear Resistance Verification for Element

d bw σcp VRd,c Ved,0 VEd,pmt V*Ed

Support Verify
mm mm MPa kN kN kN kN
B (Left) 420 2500 0.64192 653.181 -35.3 0 -35.3 Ok
B (Right) 420 2500 0.64192 653.181 521.31 -160.8 360.51 Ok
D (Left) 420 2500 0.64192 653.181 -521.31 160.8 -360.51 Ok
D (Right) 420 2500 0.64192 653.181 -35.3 0 -35.3 Ok

• The Maximum Resistant Shear Force (Corresponding to the Crushing of

the Connecting Rods)

After the calculation in ANNEX E, we got the result as below:

46
 Table 21: Result of Maximum Shear Resistance Verification

Z bw σcp VRd, max Ved,0 VEd, pmt V*Ed

Support Verify
mm mm MPa kN kN kN kN
B (Left) 378 2500 0.642 6796.983 -35.3 0 -35.3 Ok
B (Right) 378 2500 0.642 6796.983 521.31 -160.8 360.51 Ok
D (Left) 378 2500 0.642 6796.983 -521.31 160.8 -360.51 Ok
D (Right) 378 2500 0.642 6796.983 -35.3 0 -35.3 Ok
∗
After the verification, we can see that 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 is greater than 𝑉𝐸𝑑 . Hence, the condition
is satisfied. However, in actual construction, the minimum shear reinforcement 𝐴𝑠𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 is
required which is 6 legs DB12@200 [ANNEX E].

4.3.9. Verify Punching Resistance

Figure 33: Columns for Punching Resistance Calculation

• Right on the column:
𝑉𝐸𝑑 [Ref. (8), Page 57]
𝑣𝐸𝑑,0 = ≤ 𝑣𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑢0 ∙ 𝑑

C2=500mm

C1=600mm

Figure 34: u0 of Interior Column

u0

Figure 35: u0 of Corner Column

47
 After the calculation in ANNEX E, we got the result as in table below:

Table 22: Result of Punching Resistance Right on the Column

VEd vEd,0 vRd, max

Column Type Verify
kN MPa MPa
F1 Interior 436.868 0.612 6.020 OK
A3 Corner 421.517 0.304 6.020 OK

• At the distance of 2d from the column:

𝑉𝐸𝑑
𝑣𝐸𝑑 = ≤ 𝑣𝑅𝑑,𝑐 [Ref. (8), Page 59]
𝑢1 ∙ 𝑑
For slab that is not reinforced for punching

u1 2d

Figure 36: u1 of Interior Column

u1 2d

2d

Figure 37: u1 of Corner Column

Table 23: Result of Punching Resistance at the Distance 2d from the Column

VEd vEd vRd, c

Column Type Verify
kN MPa MPa
F1 Interior 436.868 0.239 0.554 OK
A3 Corner 421.517 0.249 0.519 OK
From the verification, the selected column required no punching shear reinforcement.

48
 CHAPTER V: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
After the calculation of post-tensioned slab above, we got the result as in the table
below:
Table 24: Comparison of Result between Manual Calculation and Enterprise

Description Manual calculation Enterprise

Dimension of slab 0.25m 0.25m
Band beam thickness 0.45m 0.45m
Band beam width 2.5m 2.5m
Number of strands 12 strands 20 strands
Immediate losses 18.219% -
Time-dependent losses 4.986% -
Elongation 55.032mm 65mm
Short-term deflection 1.804mm -
Long-term deflection 6.612mm -
As,min= 4520.697mm2 As: 26DB16@200
Passive reinforcement
As,pro= 5227.610mm2 As= 5227.610mm2
Transversal reinforcement Asw=678.24mm2 Asw=452.160mm2
Bottom reinforcement DB12@450 DB12@450

In this dissertation, I have studied only resistance of post-tensioned slab with gravity
and wind loads. For this calculation of mine, it is not sufficient for the design of prestressed
concrete slab because:

• I do not check moment every point except the control and inflection points.
• I only focus on the single band strip which is in Direction Y-Y.
• Moment capacity is the only verification that I consider wind load.
• I have checked only 2 columns which are interior and corner column.

As it can be seen in the table above, the number of strands from manual calculation is
less than enterprise’s result for two main results:

• The calculation I used is following Eurocode which is contrast to what

enterprise used which is ACI Code.
• Difference between loads and load combinations.

49
 CHAPTER VI: BILL OF QUANTITY
5.1. Description of Building

For this project, I will conduct a study of post-tensioned slab elements which are SLAB
and BAND BEAM for only super-structure which includes:

- First floor - Sixth floor - Eleventh floor

- Second floor - Seventh floor - Roof Floor

- Third floor - Eighth floor

- Fourth floor - Ninth floor

- Fifth floor - Tenth floor

5.2. Quotation

In terms of measurement, it is crucial that it consists of both precise and consistent. For
that, I do the calculations only on slab and band beam which are the structural parts of the
building; furthermore, all calculations are the same for every floor.

5.2.1. Band Beam

• Volume of concrete (m3):

𝑉 =𝑎×𝑏×𝑙×𝑛

o a × b: section of band beam (m2)

o l: length of band beam (m)
o n: number of band beam
• Formwork (m2):

𝑆 = (2 ∙ 𝑏 + 𝑎) × 𝑙 × 𝑛 l
b
o b: height of band beam a
o a: width of band beam
o l: length of band beam
o n: number of band beam
• Rebar (kg):

𝐷2
𝑊 = 𝜋 × ( ) × 7850 × 𝐿 × 𝑁
4

o D: diameter of rebar (m)

50
 o L: length of rebar (m)
o N: number of rebar

5.2.2. Slab

• Volume of concrete (m3):

𝑉 =𝑆×𝑒

o S: area of slab (m2)

o e: thickness of slab (m)
• Formwork (m2):
e
𝑆 = 𝑆 + (𝑃 × 𝑒)

o S: area of slab (m2)

o P: perimeter of slab (m)
o e: thickness of slab (m)
• Weight of rebar (kg):

𝐷2
𝑊 =𝜋×( ) × 7850 × 𝐿 × 𝑁
4

o D: diameter of rebar (m)

o L: length of rebar (m)
o N: number of rebar

5.3. Quantity

The detailed calculation of the below table is in ANNEX F.

Table 25: Quantity of Slab and Band Beam of Each Floor

No Description Unit Quantity

I Super-Structure

1 1st Floor to 11th Floor

1.1 Slab

1.1.1 Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) m3 83.938

1.1.2 Formwork m2 201.324

51
 1.1.3 Reinforcement

DB12 Tons 2.845

1.2 Band Beam

1.2.1 Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) m3 32.136

1.2.2 Formwork m2 191.820

1.2.3 Reinforcement

DB12 Tons 0.699

DB16 Tons 2.626

2 Roof floor

2.1 Slab

2.1.1 Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) m3 66.034

2.1.2 Formwork m2 144.214

2.1.3 Reinforcement

DB12 Tons 1.745

DB16 Tons 0.369

2.2 Band Beam

2.2.1 Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) m3 27.976

2.2.2 Formwork m2 170.220

2.2.3 Reinforcement

DB12 Tons 0.511

DB16 Tons 2.232

Because each floor from 1st floor to 11th floor is typical floor, I only put the quantity of
1st floor. However, the detailed calculation of each floor is in ANNEX F.

52
5.4. Dry Disbursement
5.4.1. Unit Price

The below table is the unit price of labour, material, and equipment.

Table 26: Unit Price of Labor, Material, and Equipment

Unit Price
No Description Unit
[USD/unit]
1 Labor

1.1 Ordinary temporary workers p.d. 9.000

1.2 Qualified temporary workers p.d. 15.000

1.3 Ordinary contract workers p.d. 7.500

1.4 Qualified contract workers p.d. 12.000

2 Material

2.1 Reinforcement DB12 Tons 715.000

Reinforcement DB16 Tons 715.000

2.2 Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) m3 81.000

2.3 Wooden Formwork m3 455.000

2.4 Shimming m3 455.000

2.5 Nail kg 1.500

2.6 Soldering wire kg 4.000

2.7 Wire tie kg 1.500

3 Equipment

3.1 Welding machine 23 kW d 20.000

3.2 Hanger machine 5kW d 45.000

3.3 Mobile Crane 0.8T d 120.000

3.4 Vibrator 1.5W d 30.000

53
 3.5 Construction elevator d 70.000

3.6 Crane 25T d 200.000

4 Prestressing Work

4.1 Material and Equipment m2 15.500

4.2 Workers m2 2.500

5.4.2. Summary of Dry Disbursement

The detailed calculation regarding the dry disbursement according to Norm of

Construction Work (2009) can be found in ANNEX F.

Table 27: Summary of Material and Equipment Cost Each Floor

Equipment
Labour Cost Material Cost Total
Cost
No Description
USD USD USD USD

1 1st floor 7015.843 22861.314 2251.642 32128.798

2 2nd floor 7030.621 22861.314 2270.386 32162.321

3 3rd floor 7030.621 22861.314 2270.386 32162.321

4 4th floor 7030.621 22861.314 2270.386 32162.321

5 5th floor 7109.417 22861.314 2300.509 32271.239

6 6th floor 7109.417 22861.314 2300.509 32271.239

7 7th floor 7109.417 22861.314 2300.509 32271.239

8 8th floor 7109.417 22861.314 2300.509 32271.239

9 9th floor 7109.417 22861.314 2300.509 32271.239

10 10th floor 7109.417 22861.314 2300.509 32271.239

11 11th floor 7109.417 22861.314 2300.509 32271.239

12 Roof Floor 5741.669 18904.106 2165.423 26811.199

Total 83615.292 270378.558 27331.786 381325.636

54
 The labour cost from the above table is added 10% of each labour cost. Moreover, we
can see that the total dry disbursement for all floor is $ 381,325.636.

5.5. Cost Estimation

Using the following formula:

𝑃𝑉𝐻𝑇 = 𝐷𝑆 + 𝐹𝐶 + 𝐹𝑜𝑝 + 𝐹𝐺 + 𝐵&𝐴 [Ref. (11), Page 22]

Where:

DS: Dry disbursement

FC: Site Cost = 6.5% of DS [Ref. (11), Page 136]

Fop: Operational Cost = 2% of DS [Ref. (11), Page 135]

FG: General Cost = 13% of DS

B&A: Profit = 15% of Cost Price

Table 28: Cost Estimation

No Description Amount

1 Dry Disbursement $ 381,325.64

2 Site Cost = 6.5% of Dry Disbursement $ 24,786.17

3 Operation Cost = 2% of Dry Disbursement $ 7,626.51

4 General Cost = 13% of Dry Disbursement $ 49,572.33

5 Cost Price =1+2+3+4 $ 463,310.65

6 Profit = 15% of Cost Price $ 69,496.60

7 Unforeseen expenditure or contingencies = 3% of Cost Price $ 13,899.32

8 Price excluding tax (PVHT) = 5+6+7 $ 546,706.56

9 Tax (TVA) = 10% of PVHT $ 54,670.66

10 Price including tax = 8+9 $ 601,377.22

55
By using the price above, we can find the unit price per m2:

• Surface total = 3957.405 m2

• Price including tax = 601,377.22$
601377.22
Unit price = = 𝟏𝟓𝟏. 𝟗𝟐$/𝒎𝟐
3957.405

56
 CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSION

This dissertation has taught me a lot about post-tensioned slab for both the calculation
and bill of quantity. From the calculation of post-tensioned slab I have done, I notice some
remarkable points which are:

• The number of strands is less than those of the enterprise.

• The tendon profile from what I propose to find number of strands is not really
useable since I have to model it in ADAPT Builder and adjust it to make it
economical and verified before use it for the calculation.
• Prestressed losses are acceptable compared to ADAPT Builder.
• The stress of the selected strip is verified and economical.
• The verification of moment capacity, shear resistance, and punching shear
resistance are verified.
• The equivalent frame method, which is to transform 3D structure to 2D,
provides results which differs from finite elements method. However, in most
design calculation of post-tensioned floor, finite elements method modelled in
ADAPT Builder is used.

Moreover, after finding bill of quantity of post-tensioned slab and band beam, I have
discovered that:

• The quantity of structure elements such as concrete, reinforcement, and

formwork are calculated using the help of AutoCAD to make the result precise.
• The quantity of labours, materials, and equipment is estimated using the
calculated quantity of structure and Norm of Construction Work (2009).
• However, there is no exact estimation from Norm of Construction work (2009)
regarding the prestressing work, so I use the information from the company for
estimating the price of prestressing system and labour.

In conclusion, internship is very crucial for students to have the opportunity to immerse
themselves in professional experience because engineering job requires a very competent
person in theorical and practical. Hence, these experiences are essential for my work in the
future.

57
 References

[1]. Chamreon, S. (2009). Norm of Construction Work.

[2]. CHEA, S. (2010). Note de cours de Béton Précontrainte.

[3]. Corporation, A. (2011). TECHNICAL NOTE TN388: VIBRATION EVALUATION OF

FLOOR SYSTEMS. Redwood.

[4]. EN-1990. (2002). Eurocode: Basic of Structural Design. CEN.

[5]. EN-1991-1-1. (2002). Eurocode 1: Actions on Structures-Part 1-1: General Actions-

Densities, Self-weight, Imposed Loads for Buildings. CEN.

[6]. EN-1992. (2004). Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures-Part 1-1: General rules
and rules for buildings. CEN.

[7]. Gilbert, R. L., Colin, N., & Ranzi, G. (2017). Design of Prestressed Concrete to
Eurocode 2 (2nd ed.). CRC Press.

[8]. SEDIP. (2015). La précontrainte dans le bâtiment (1st ed.). FNTP.

[9]. SOVANVICHET, L. (2019). BÉTON ARMÉ PARTIE 1 - SUIVANT L’EUROCODE 2.

[10]. Lee, & Lee. (2023, June 26). Building for Growth: Cambodia’s construction sector

sees 138% investment increase - Estatedia | Economy & Real Estate Media in

Cambodia. Estatedia | Economy & Real Estate Media in Cambodia - Economy &

Real Estate Media in Cambodia. https://estatedia.com/building-for-growth-

cambodias-construction-sector-sees-138-investment-increase/

[11]. WIDLOECHER, Y. & CUSANT, D. (2017). Manuel de L’ÉTUDE DE PRIX

Entreprises du BTP (4th ed.). CFC.

58
 ANNEX A: LOAD COMBINATION

1. Live Load: (EN 1991-1-1, 2002)

Table: Category of Use

Category Specific Use Example

Rooms in residential
buildings and houses;
Areas for domestic and residential bedrooms and yards in
A
activities hospitals; bedrooms in
hotels and hostels kitchens
and toilets.

B Office areas

C1: Area with tables, etc.

e.g. areas in schools, cafés,
restaurants, dinning halls,
reading rooms, receptions.

C2: Areas with fixed seats,

e.g. areas in churches,
theatres or cinemas,
conference rooms, lecture
Areas where people may congregate (with
halls, assembly halls,
C the exception of areas defined under
waiting rooms, railway
category A, B, and D)
waiting rooms.

C3: Areas without obstacles

for moving people, e.g.
areas in museums exhibition
rooms, etc. and access areas
in public and administration
buildings, hotels, hospitals,
railway station forecourts.

59
 C4: Areas with possible
physical activities, e.g.
dance halls, gymnastic
rooms, stages.

C5: Area susceptible to large

crowds, e.g. in buildings for
public events like concert
halls, sport halls including
stands, terraces and access
areas and railway platforms.

D1: Areas in general retail

shops
D Shopping Areas
D2: Areas in department
stores

Table: Imposed Load on Floor, Balconies and Stairs in buildings

60
 Table: Recommended Values of ψ Factor for Building

Table: Terrain Categories and Terrain Parameters

z0 zmin
Terrain Category
m m

0. Sea or coastal area exposed to the open sea 0.003 1

I. Lakes or flat and horizontal area with negligible

0.01 1
vegetation and without obstacles

II. Area with low vegetation such as grass and

isolated obstacles (trees, buildings) with 0.05 2
separations of at least 20 obstacles heights

III. Area with regular cover of vegetation or buildings

or with isolated obstacles with separations of
0.3 5
maximum 20 obstacle heights (such as villages,
suburban terrain, permanent forest)

61
 IV. Area in which at least 15% of the surface is
covered with buildings and their average height 1.0 10
exceeds 15m

NOTE: The terrain categories are illustrated in A.1.

2. Wind Load
• 𝑐0 (𝑧): the orography factor.
• 𝑐𝑠 𝑐𝑑 : Structural factor [Ref. (9), Page 51]

The structural factor cscd should take into account the effect on wind actions from the non-
simultaneous occurrence of peak wind pressures on the surface (cs) together with the effect of
the vibrations of the structure to turbulence (cd).

o For buildings with a height less than 15m the value of cscd may be taken as 1.0.
o For façade and roof elements having a natural frequency greater than 5 Hz, the value
of cscd may be taken as 1.0.
o For frame buildings which have structural walls, and which are less than 100m high
and whose heights less than 4 times the in-wind depth, the value of cscd may be
taken as 1.
o For chimneys with circular cross-sections whose height is less than 60m and 6.5
times the diameter, the value of cscd may be taken as 1.0.
• 𝑐𝑝𝑒 : Pressure coefficient for buildings

The figure is based on the following:

For 1 m2 < A < 10 m2 𝑐𝑝𝑒 = 𝑐𝑝𝑒,1 − (𝑐𝑝𝑒,1 − 𝑐𝑝𝑒,10 ) log10 𝐴

62
 Table: Recommended values of external pressure coefficients for vertical walls of
rectangular plan

3. Ultimate Limit State Load Combination

∑ 𝛾𝐺𝑗,𝑠𝑢𝑝 ∙ 𝐺𝑘𝑗,𝑠𝑢𝑝 + ∑ 𝛾𝐺𝑗,𝑖𝑛𝑓 ∙ 𝐺𝑘𝑗,𝑖𝑛𝑓 + 𝛾𝑄,1 ∙ 𝑄𝑘1 + ∑ 𝛾𝑄,𝑖 ∙ 𝜓0,𝑖 ∙ 𝑄𝑘,𝑖 [Ref. (5), Page 64]
𝑗 𝑗 𝑖>1

• In the case when we consider only the most unfavorable variable action:

∑ 1.35 ∙ 𝐺𝑘𝑗,𝑠𝑢𝑝 + ∑ 𝐺𝑘,𝑖𝑛𝑓 + 1.5 ∙ 𝑄𝑘,1 [Ref. (5), Page 64]

𝑗 𝑗

• In the case when we consider all variable action:

∑ 1.35 ∙ 𝐺𝑘𝑗,𝑠𝑢𝑝 + ∑ 𝐺𝑘,𝑖𝑛𝑓 + 1.5 ∙ 𝑄𝑘,1 + 1.5 ∙ ∑ 𝜓0,𝑖 ∙ 𝑄𝑘,𝑖 [Ref. (5), Page 64]
𝑗 𝑗 𝑖>1

4. Serviceability Limit State Load Combination

• Characteristic Combination: Checking the stresses of concrete and steel.

∑ 𝐺𝑘,𝑗 + 𝑄𝑘,1 + ∑ 𝜓0,𝑖 ∙ 𝑄𝑘,𝑖 [Ref. (5), Page 66]

𝑗 𝑖>1

• Quasi-Permanent Combination: Checking deflection and crack width.

∑ 𝐺𝑘,𝑗 + ∑ 𝜓2,𝑖 ∙ 𝑄𝑘,𝑖 [Ref. (5), Page 66]

𝑗 𝑖>1

63
 ANNEX B: CHECKING VIBRATION

1. Natural Frequency:

10.4m

31.75m

10.4m

12m

10.4m 10.4m

6m 12.2m

64
 2. Exiting Force of Vibration:

Assume that a person is likely to use the space which is 75kg (0.735 kN) and walking with
2 steps per second (2Hz).

• 𝐷𝐿𝐹 = 0.53
• Constant force representing the walking force:

𝑃0 = 𝐷𝐿𝐹 ∙ 735 = 0.53 ∙ 735 = 389.55 (0.4𝑘𝑁)

3. Floor Type:

Since the floor is furnished with low partition, so the damping ratio β = 0.03

Occupancy Damping Factor β

Bare concrete floor 0.02

Furnished, low partition 0.03

Furnished, full height partition 0.05

Shopping malls 0.02

4. Weight of Vibrating Floor Panel:

𝑊 = 𝑆𝐷𝐿 + 𝑆𝑊

o Superimposed dead load: 𝐺 = 3.19𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

65
Mode SDL

#1 𝑆𝐷𝐿 = 3.19 × 31.75 × 10.4 = 1053.338𝑘𝑁

#2 𝑆𝐷𝐿 = 3.19 × 12 × 10.4 = 398.112𝑘𝑁

#3 𝑆𝐷𝐿 = 3.19 × 6 × 10.4 = 199.056𝑘𝑁

o Self-weight of panel:

Mode SW

#1 𝑆𝑊 = 25 × [(16 × 10.4 × 0.25) + (15.45 × 10.4 × 0.45)] = 2847.65𝑘𝑁

#2 𝑆𝑊 = 25 × [(7 × 10.4 × 0.25) + (5 × 10.4 × 0.45)] = 1040𝑘𝑁

#3 𝑆𝑊 = 25 × [(3.5 × 10.4 × 0.25) + (2 × 1.25 × 10.4 × 0.45)] = 520𝑘𝑁

o Total weight

Mode W

#1 𝑊 = 1053.338 + 2847.65 = 3900.988𝑘𝑁

#2 𝑊 = 398.112 + 1040 = 1438.112𝑘𝑁

#3 𝑊 = 199.056 + 520 = 719.056𝑘𝑁

5. Acceleration Caused by Walking Panel:

Mode 𝑎𝑃 /𝑔

𝑎𝑃 𝑒 −0.35×12.19
#1 = 0.4 × = 0.00479%
𝑔 0.03 × 3900.988

𝑎𝑝 𝑒 −0.35×13.31
#2 = 0.4 × = 0.00879%
𝑔 0.03 × 1438.112

𝑎𝑝 𝑒 −0.35×15.08
#3 = 0.4 × = 0.00946%
𝑔 0.03 × 719.056

66
6. Evaluation:

67
 ANNEX C: PRE-NUMBER OF STRANDS AND PRESTRESSED LOSSES

1. Pre-number of strands
o Admissible stress:
̅̅̅0 = 0.3 × 𝑓 2/3 = 2.650𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜎 𝑡 𝑐𝑗

𝑃 𝑀 𝑃𝑖 𝑀0
𝜎𝑡0 = − 𝐴 𝑖 + ∙ 𝜈′ − ∙ 𝜈 ′ ≤ ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡0
𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐

̅̅̅ 𝑀
𝜎𝑡0 + 𝐼 0 ∙ 𝜈 ′
𝑐
𝑃𝑖;𝑡𝑜𝑡 =
1 𝑒 ∙ 𝜈′
(− + )
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐
𝑃𝑖;𝑡𝑜𝑡
𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝑃𝑖

o Strip Section:
o 𝐴𝑐 = 2 𝑚2
o 𝐼𝑐 = 0.02846 𝑚4

Using the equation above, we got the result as table below:

X MPP Ac Ic (m4) e(m) v' (m) Pi; tot

Point nstrand
m kNm m2 m4 m m kN
A 0 0.000 2 0.0284 0 0.18125 -5299.53 45.30
B 0.4 -290.720 2 0.0284 0.16 0.18125 -525.74 4.49
C 5.2 285.280 2 0.0284 0.16 0.18125 -2940.63 25.13
D 10 -290.720 2 0.0284 0.16 0.18125 -525.74 4.49
E 10.4 0.000 2 0.0284 0 0.18125 -5299.53 45.30

68
 From the calculation above, we got the minimum strands 5 and the maximum strand
46. In this case, I choose 𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 12 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠.

2. Friction Loss

For this calculation, I will input the following span:

Length Length
Span 0.1× Span
m m
L1 0.4 0.1×L1 0.04
L2 9.6 0.1×L2 0.96
L3 0.4 0.1×L3 0.04
o Parameters:
o μ = 0.19
o θ = 0.005
o Find α angular deviation.
o Find equation of profile by using EXCEL
▪ Inflection points

Point x y
A 0 0.3250
B1 0.36 0.3790
B 0.4 0.3850
B2 1.36 0.3210
C 5.2 0.0650
D1 9.04 0.3210
D 10 0.3850
D2 10.04 0.3790
E 10.4 0.3250

69
 Tendon Profile
y = -0.2167x2 + 0.3147x + 0.2938 y = -0.2167x2 + 4.192x - 19.868

y = 0.15x + 0.325 y = -0.15x + 1.885

y = 0.0174x2 - 0.1806x + 0.5344

From the above graph, we got:

Graph Equation

#1 𝑦 = 0.15𝑥 + 0.325

#2 𝑦 = −0.2167𝑥 2 + 0.3147𝑥 + 0.2938

#3 𝑦 = 0.0174𝑥 2 − 0.1806𝑥 + 0.5344

#4 𝑦 = −0.2167𝑥 2 + 4.192𝑥 − 19.868

#5 𝑦 = −0.15𝑥 + 1.885

o Determine angular deviation α

Graph Point x y'(x)=tan(φ) φ α

A 0 0.0000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000
Cantilever
B1 0.36 0.1500
0.15434 0.153130 0.153130
B1 0.36 0.1587
Parabola 1 B 0.4 0.1413 0.14134 0.140410 0.293540
B2 1.36 -0.2747
-0.20400 -0.201237 0.494777
B2 1.36 -0.1333
Parabola 2 C 5.2 0.0004 0.00036 0.000360 0.495137
D1 9.04 0.1340 0.20403 0.201266 0.696402

70
 D1 9.04 0.2741
Parabola 3 D 10 -0.1420 -0.14200 -0.141057 0.837459
D2 10.04 -0.1593
-0.15467 -0.153452 0.990911
D2 10.04 -0.1500
Cantilever
E 10.4 0.0000 0.00000 0.000000 0.990911
o Find stress after friction loss

Using the following formula,

𝜎𝜇 = 𝜎𝑃;𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 −𝜇(𝛼+𝜃∙𝑥)

Where, 𝜎𝑃;𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1395 𝑀𝑃𝑎

x α σμ
Point
m rad MPa
A 0 0.0000 1395.000
B1 0.36 0.1531 1354.534
B 0.4 0.2935 1318.826
B2 1.36 0.4948 1268.195
C 5.2 0.4951 1263.491
D1 9.04 0.6964 1211.658
D 10 0.8375 1178.541
D2 10.04 0.9909 1144.632
E 10.4 0.9909 1144.241

Friction Loss
1450

1400 1395.000

1350
Stress  (MPa)

Friction Loss
1300

1250

1200

1150 1144.241

1100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Distance x (m)

71
3. Anchorage Slip Loss

Using the following formula

𝑥
𝛿𝑠 = ∫ 𝛿(𝑑𝑥)
0

𝑥
1
𝛿𝑠 = ∫ 𝛿𝑃 ∙ 𝑑𝑥
𝐴𝑃 ∙ 𝐸𝑃 0
𝑥
∫ 𝛿𝑃 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝛿𝑠 ∙ 𝐴𝑃 ∙ 𝐸𝑃
0

For: 𝛿𝑃 = 2 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ 𝑥

𝑥
∫ 2 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝛿𝑠 ∙ 𝐴𝑃 ∙ 𝐸𝑃
0

AP: Area section of strand

p: the slope of profile force

EP: the module elastic of strand (MPa)

So that,

Point σμ p
A 1395.000
B1 1354.534 112.405
B 1318.826 892.712
B2 1268.195 52.740
C 1263.491 1.225
D1 1211.658 13.498
D 1178.541 34.497
D2 1144.632 847.721
E 1144.241 1.087

0.36 0.4 1.36 5.2

⇒∫ 2 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑑𝑥
0 0.36 0.4 1.36
9.04 𝑙𝑠
+∫ 2 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝛿𝑠 ∙ 𝐴𝑃 ∙ 𝐸𝑃
5.2 9.04

72
 ⇒ 899.772 − 2819.179 + 34.497 ∙ 𝑙𝑠2 = 1170

1170 + 1919.408
⇒ 𝑙𝑠 = √ = 9.463𝑚
34.497

After we got 𝑙𝑠 = 9.463𝑚, we got to find stress after the anchorage slip following:

𝜎𝑔 = 𝜎𝜇 − 2 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ 𝑙𝑠

x σμ σg
Point
m MPa MPa
A 0.000 1395.000 999.109
B1 0.360 1354.534 1039.574
B 0.400 1318.826 1075.283
B2 1.360 1268.195 1125.913
C 5.200 1263.491 1130.618
D1 9.040 1211.658 1211.658
Ls 9.463 1197.054 1197.054
D 10.000 1178.541 1178.541
D2 10.040 1144.632 1144.632
E 10.400 1144.241 1144.241

Anchorage Slip Loss

1500

1400

1300 1211.658 Friction Loss

Stress  (MPa)

Seating Loss
1200

1100 1144.241

1000 999.109

900
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

73
 o Determine the elongation
o Elongation before slipping:

1 𝑥
Δ𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = ∫ 𝜎 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 = 61.032𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝑃 0 𝑥

o Elongation after slipping:

Δ𝑙𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 = Δ𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 − 𝛿𝑠 = 61.032𝑚𝑚 − 6𝑚𝑚 = 55.032𝑚𝑚

x σg Elongation
Point σg/fu
m MPa mm
A 0.000 999.109 0.537 0.000
B1 0.360 1039.574 0.559 1.882
B 0.400 1075.283 0.578 0.217
B2 1.360 1125.913 0.605 5.418
C 5.200 1130.618 0.608 22.218
D1 9.040 1211.658 0.651 23.062
Ls 9.463 1197.054 0.644 2.615
D 10.000 1178.541 0.634 3.269
D2 10.040 1144.632 0.615 0.238
E 10.400 1144.241 0.615 2.113
𝜎𝑔 𝜎𝑔
From this table, we got average = 0.605 and maximum = 0.651. Comparing it
𝑓𝑢 𝑓𝑢

to ADAPT BUILDER:

Manual Calculation ADAPT Builder

σg/fptk (average) 0.605 0.60

σg/fptk (maximum) 0.651 0.65

Elongation 55.032 mm 62 mm

74
4. Elastic Shortening Loss
o Find Pi after anchorage slip loss:

𝑃𝑖 = 𝜎𝑔,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 × 𝐴𝑃

x σg σg;moyen
Point
m MPa MN/m
A 0.000 999.109 0.000
B1 0.360 1039.574 366.963
B 0.400 1075.283 42.297
B2 1.360 1125.913 1056.574
C 5.200 1130.618 4332.540
D1 9.040 1211.658 4497.170
Ls 9.463 1197.054 509.851
D 10.000 1178.541 637.445
D2 10.040 1144.632 46.463
E 10.400 1144.241 411.997
0 + 366.963 + 42.297 + ⋯ + 411.997
𝜎𝑔,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 = = 1144.356𝑀𝑃𝑎
10.4

⇒ 𝑃𝑖 = 1144.356 × 98.7 × 10−3 = 112.948 𝑘𝑁

𝑃𝑖
⇒ 𝑊𝑃𝑖 = 8 × 𝑓 × = 3.137𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑙2

o Apply Pi to robot to find MPi

Figure 38: Equivalent Loads of Pi after Anchorage Slip Loss

75
 Figure 39: Moment of Equivalent Load Pi after Anchorage Slip Loss

o Find elastic shortening loss

Using the following formula,

𝑛−1 [Ref. (2). Page 32]

Δ𝜎𝑒𝑙 = 𝛼𝑒 ∙ ∙ 𝜎𝑐𝑝;𝑡𝑜𝑡
2𝑛
𝑀𝑃𝑖 ∙𝑒 𝑃𝑚𝑖 𝐸
Where, 𝜎𝑐𝑝;𝑡𝑜𝑡 = + and 𝛼𝑒 = 𝐸 𝑃
𝐼𝑐 𝐴𝑐 𝑐𝑚

With 𝐸𝑃 = 195000𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝐸𝑐𝑚 = 34077.15𝑀𝑃𝑎

195000
⇒ 𝛼𝑒 = 34077.15 = 5.722

𝑃𝑚𝑖 = 𝐴𝑃,𝑡𝑜𝑡 ∙ [𝜎𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 − (Δ𝜎𝜇 + Δ𝜎𝑔 )]

𝑛 = 12 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠

x Pmi e Mpi σcp Δσel

Point
m kN m kNm MPa MPa
A 0.000 1183.344 0.100 135.480 1.068 2.800
B1 0.360 1231.272 0.154 135.480 1.349 3.537
B 0.400 1273.565 0.160 251.640 2.051 5.380
B2 1.360 1333.532 0.096 95.040 0.987 2.589
C 5.200 1339.104 -0.160 -182.520 1.696 4.447
D1 9.040 1435.088 0.033 95.040 0.827 2.169
Ls 9.463 1417.791 0.138 161.640 1.494 3.919
D 10.000 1395.864 0.160 251.640 2.112 5.540

76
 D2 10.040 1355.702 0.154 135.480 1.411 3.700
E 10.400 1355.239 0.100 135.480 1.154 3.026

From this table, we got Δ𝜎𝑒𝑙,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 = 3.711𝑀𝑃𝑎

By this, we got stress after elastic shortening 𝜎𝑒𝑙 = 𝜎𝑔 − Δ𝜎𝑒𝑙,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛

x Δσel Δσel,moyen σg σel

Point
m MPa MPa MPa MPa
A 0.000 2.800 999.109 995.398
B1 0.360 3.537 1039.574 1035.863
B 0.400 5.380 1075.283 1071.572
B2 1.360 2.589 1125.913 1122.203
C 5.200 4.447 1130.618 1126.907
3.711
D1 9.040 2.169 1211.658 1207.948
Ls 9.463 3.919 1197.054 1193.344
D 10.000 5.540 1178.541 1174.830
D2 10.040 3.700 1144.632 1140.921
E 10.400 3.026 1144.241 1140.530

Elastic Shortening Loss

1500

1400

1300
Stress (MPa)

1200

1100
1140.530
1000
995.398 Friction Loss

900 Anchorage Loss

Elastic Shortening Loss
800
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Distance x (m)

5. Immediate Losses
o Determine σPi

Using the following formula,

77
 𝜎𝑃𝑖 = 𝜎𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 − Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡

With

Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 = Δ𝜎𝜇 + Δ𝜎𝑔 + Δ𝜎𝑒𝑙

x Δσμ Δσg Δσel Δσinst σP,max σPi

Point
m MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa
A 0.000 0.000 395.891 2.800 398.691 996.309
B1 0.360 40.466 314.960 3.537 358.963 1036.037
B 0.400 76.174 243.543 5.380 325.097 1069.903
B2 1.360 126.805 142.282 2.589 271.676 1123.324
C 5.200 131.509 132.873 4.447 268.829 1126.171
1395
D1 9.040 183.342 0.000 2.169 185.511 1209.489
Ls 9.463 197.946 0.000 3.919 201.865 1193.135
D 10.000 216.459 0.000 5.540 221.999 1173.001
D2 10.040 250.368 0.000 3.700 254.068 1140.932
E 10.400 250.759 0.000 3.026 253.785 1141.215

o Determine Pi

Using the following formula,

𝑃𝑖 = 𝜎𝑃𝑖,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 × 𝐴𝑃
With

𝜎𝑃𝑖,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 = 𝜎𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 − Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛

Where,

Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝐴 + Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝐴
Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛,𝐴𝐵1 = × (𝑥𝐵1 − 𝑥𝐴 )
2

Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛,𝐴𝐵1 + Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛,𝐵1𝐵 + ⋯ + Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛,𝐷2𝐸

Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 =
𝐿

78
 x Δσinst Δσinst
Point
m MPa MN/m
A 0.000 398.691 0.000
B1 0.360 358.963 136.378
B 0.400 325.097 13.681
B2 1.360 271.676 286.451
C 5.200 268.829 1037.770
D1 9.040 185.511 872.333
Ls 9.463 201.865 81.996
D 10.000 221.999 113.736
D2 10.040 254.068 9.521
E 10.400 253.785 91.414

0 + 136.378 + 13.681 + ⋯ + 91.414

Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 = = 254.161𝑀𝑃𝑎
10.4

⇒ 𝜎𝑃𝑖,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 = 1395 − 254.161 = 1140.839MPa

⇒ 𝑃𝑖 = 1140.839 × 98.7 × 10−3 = 112.601𝑘𝑁

6. Time-dependent Losses
o Input
ℎ𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 +ℎ𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
o ℎ𝑒𝑞 = = 0.35𝑚
2

(Section Area)
o 𝐴𝑐 = 2𝑚2
(Perimeter)
o 𝑢 = 12.9𝑚

2∙𝐴𝑐
o ℎ0 = = 0.3101𝑚
𝑢

79
 o Creep

Using AutoCAD to find creep factor,

We got creep factor, 𝜑(𝑡, 𝑡0 ) = 2.193

o Shrinkage
o Autogenous shrinkage

Using the following formula,

0.5
𝜀𝑐𝑎 (𝑡) = 𝜀𝑐𝑎 (∞) ∙ (1 − 𝑒 −0.2∙𝑡 )
Where,

- 𝜀𝑐𝑎 (∞) = 2.5 ∙ (𝑓𝑐𝑘 − 10) ∙ 10−6 = 2.5 ∙ (35 − 10) ∙ 10−6 = 0.0000625
- Time when load applied 𝑡 = 7 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
0.5
⇒ 𝜀𝑐𝑎 (𝑡) = 0.0000625 ∙ (1 − 𝑒 −0.2∙7 ) = 0.000025681

o Drying shrinkage

Using the following formula,

𝜀𝑐𝑑 (𝑡) = 𝛽𝑑𝑠 (𝑡, 𝑡𝑠 ) ∙ 𝑘ℎ ∙ 𝜀𝑐𝑑,0

Where,

- 𝛽𝑑𝑠 (𝑡, 𝑡𝑠 ) = 1 (for calculating the final shrinkage value)

- 𝜀𝑐𝑑,0 = 0.25 (from the table below)
- 𝑘ℎ = 0.747 (interpolation from the table below)

80
 ⇒ 𝜀𝑐𝑑 (𝑡) = 1 × 0.747 × 0.25 = 0.00018687
o Total Shrinkage

⇒ 𝜀𝑐𝑠 = 𝜀𝑐𝑎 (𝑡) + 𝜀𝑐𝑑 (𝑡) = 0.000212551

o Relaxation of Prestressing Steel

Using the following formula,

Δ𝜎̅𝑝𝑟 + 𝜀𝑐𝑠 ∙ 𝐸𝑃 + 𝛼𝑒 ∙ 𝜑 ∙ (𝜎𝑐𝑔𝑜 + 𝜎𝑐𝑝𝑖 )

ΔσP,csr = [Ref. (1), Page 37]
𝐴 𝑒2
1 + 𝑃,𝑡𝑜𝑡 ∙ 𝛼 𝑒 ∙ (1 + 2 ) ∙ (1 + 𝜒 ∙ 𝜑)
𝐴𝑐 𝑖
o Determine 𝜌1000
- Find k1 and k2

From the table above, we got k1=0.66 and k2=9.1.

81
 - Find σpi

We use the following equation:

𝜎𝑃𝑖 = 𝜎𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 − Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 = 1395 − 254.161 = 1140.839𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜎𝑃𝑖 1140.839
= = 61.335%
𝑓𝑃𝑡𝑘 1860

From this graph, we do the interpolation:

(61.335−60)∙(2.5−1)
𝜌1000 = + 1 = 1.200
(70−60)

o Determine σcpi

𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑃𝑖 ∙ 𝑒𝑖
𝜎𝑐𝑝𝑖 = +
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐

- Find MPi

Applying Pi and WPi to ROBOT STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS:

▪ 𝑃𝑖 = 112.601𝑘𝑁
8×𝑓×𝑃𝑖
▪ 𝑊𝑃𝑖 = = 3.128𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑙2

▪ 𝑃𝑖 ∙ 𝑒 = 11.260𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚

82
 Figure 40: Equivalent load of Pi after immediate Losses

Figure 41: Moment of Equivalent Load of Pi after immediate losses

x Pi MPi σcpi
Point
m kN kNm MPa
A 0.000 1180.028 135.12 1.0647
B1 0.360 1227.082 135.12 1.3446
B 0.400 1267.193 250.68 2.0427
B2 1.360 1330.465 94.8 0.9850
C 5.200 1333.837 -181.68 1.6882
D1 9.040 1432.519 94.8 0.8255
Ls 9.463 1413.149 160.44 1.4861
D 10.000 1389.302 250.68 2.1038
D2 10.040 1351.320 135.12 1.4067
E 10.400 1351.655 135.12 1.1505

83
- Find σcgo

Using the following formula,

ei
σcgo = MPP+G ∙
𝐼𝑐

▪ Apply load PP+G to ROBOT to get moment

Figure 42: PP+G Load

Figure 43: Moment from PP+G

x e Pi Mpp+g σcgo
Point
m m kN kNm MPa
A 0.000 0.1000 1180.028 0 0.000
B1 0.360 0.1540 1227.082 -4.48 -0.024
B 0.400 0.1600 1267.193 -402.01 -2.260

84
 B2 1.360 0.0960 1330.465 -115.13 -0.388
C 5.200 -0.1600 1333.837 394.48 -2.217
D1 9.040 0.0328 1432.519 -115.13 -0.133
Ls 9.463 0.1383 1413.149 -235.27 -1.143
D 10.000 0.1600 1389.302 -402.01 -2.260
D2 10.040 0.1540 1351.320 -4.48 -0.024
E 10.400 0.1000 1351.655 0.000 0.000

- Find Δ𝜎𝑝𝑟

𝑡 0.75(1−𝜇) [Annex B]
Δσpr = 𝜎𝑝𝑖 ∙ 𝑘1 ∙ 𝜌1000 ∙ 𝑒 𝑘2∙𝜇 ∙ [ ] ∙ 10−3
1000

Where,

t: time after tensioning (we use 57 years which is the date for calculation)

t=500000 hours

x e σPi Pi Δσpr
Point
m m MPa kN MPa
A 0.000 0.1000 996.309 1180.028 15.63
B1 0.360 0.1540 1036.037 1227.082 16.25
B 0.400 0.1600 1069.903 1267.193 16.78
B2 1.360 0.0960 1123.324 1330.465 17.62
C 5.200 -0.1600 1126.171 1333.837 17.66
D1 9.040 0.0328 1209.489 1432.519 18.97
Ls 9.463 0.1383 1193.135 1413.149 18.71
D 10.000 0.1600 1173.001 1389.302 18.40
D2 10.040 0.1540 1140.932 1351.320 17.89
E 10.400 0.1000 1141.215 1351.655 17.90
By these, we got Δ𝜎𝑐𝑠𝑝𝑟 and 𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡 = 𝜎𝑃𝑖 − Δ𝜎𝑐𝑠𝑝𝑟,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛

x Δσcspr Δσcspr Δσcspr,moyen σPmt

Point
m MPa MN/m MPa MPa
A 0.000 66.258 0.000 939.422
56.886
B1 0.360 69.293 24.399 979.151

85
 B 0.400 50.819 2.402 1013.017
B2 1.360 62.076 54.190 1066.438
C 5.200 47.689 210.747 1069.285
D1 9.040 64.669 215.727 1152.603
Ls 9.463 59.422 26.266 1136.249
D 10.000 52.827 30.120 1116.114
D2 10.040 71.338 2.483 1084.046
E 10.400 69.108 25.280 1084.329

Time-dependent Losses
1500

1400

1300
Stress (MPa)

1200 Friction Loss

1100 Anchorage Loss

Elastic Shortening Loss
1000 1084.329
939.422 Long-term Losses
900

800
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

- Find Pmt
▪ Determine percentage of time-dependent losses:

Δ𝜎𝑐𝑠𝑝𝑟,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛
Δ𝜎𝑐𝑠𝑝𝑟,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛,𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 = × 100 = 4.986%
𝜎𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 − Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛

▪ Find Pmt

100 − Δ𝜎𝑐𝑠𝑝𝑟,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛,𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑃𝑚𝑡 = 𝑃𝑖 × = 106.986𝑘𝑁
100

x σpmt Pmt
Point
m MPa kN
A 0.000 939.422 1112.652
B1 0.360 979.151 1159.707
B 0.400 1013.017 1199.817

86
 B2 1.360 1066.438 1263.089
C 5.200 1069.285 1266.461
D1 9.040 1152.603 1365.143
Ls 9.463 1136.249 1345.774
D 10.000 1116.114 1321.926
D2 10.040 1084.046 1283.944
E 10.400 1084.329 1284.279

- Find σPmt,moyen

𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 = 𝜎𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 − Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 − Δ𝜎𝑐𝑠𝑝𝑟,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 = 1083.952𝑀𝑃𝑎

87
 ANNEX D: CHECK SEVICEABILITY
1. Check Stress
• Concrete Material

o 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 35𝑀𝑃𝑎

• Transfer Stage:
𝑃 𝑀 𝑃𝑖 𝑀0
o 𝜎𝑡0 = − 𝐴 𝑖 + ∙ 𝜈′ − ∙ 𝜈 ′ ≤ ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡0
𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐

𝑃 𝑀 𝑃𝑖 𝑀0
o 𝜎𝑐0 = − 𝐴 𝑖 − ∙ 𝜈′ + ̅̅̅0
∙ 𝜈 ′ ≥ −𝜎
𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝑐
𝑐

o ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑐0 = 0.6 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑗,𝑐𝑦𝑙 = 0.6 × 0.75 × 35 = 15.75 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2
o ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡0 = 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚,𝑗 = 0.3 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑗3 = 0.3 × (0.75 × 35)3 = 2.65 𝑀𝑃𝑎

- Apply self-weight to find M0 or MPP

Figure 44: Self-Weight

Figure 45: Self-weight moment

88
 Transfer Stage
3.00
1.00 0.178 -0.022 0.178

-1.00
-1.958 -1.958
-3.00 -1.660
Stress (MPa)

-5.00
-7.00
-9.00 Sigma_t_0
Sigma_c_0
-11.00
Sigma_c_0_bar
-13.00
Sigma_t_0_bar
-15.00
-17.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

X v v' M0 Mpi σ0 t σ0 c
Point
m m m kNm kNm MPa MPa
A 0.000 0.2688 0.1813 0.000 135.120 0.178 -1.958
B 0.400 0.2688 0.1813 -290.720 250.680 -0.937 -0.304
C 5.200 0.2688 0.1813 285.280 -181.680 -0.022 -1.660
D 10.000 0.2688 0.1813 -290.720 250.680 -0.937 -0.304
E 10.400 0.2688 0.1813 0.000 135.120 0.178 -1.958

• Characteristics combination:
𝜂𝑃𝑖 𝜂𝑀𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑇
o 𝜎𝑐𝑡 = − + ∙ 𝜈′ − ̅̅̅𝑡
∙ 𝜈 ′ ≥ −𝜎
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝑐

𝜂𝑃𝑖 𝜂𝑀𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑇
o 𝜎𝑡𝑡 = − − ∙𝜈+ ∙ 𝜈 ≤ ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡𝑡
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐

o ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑐𝑡 = 0.5 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.5 × 35 = 17.50 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2
o ̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡𝑡 = 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 0.3 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘
3
= 0.3 × (35)3 = 3.210 𝑀𝑃𝑎

89
- Apply PP+G+Q to ROBOT STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS to get moment

Figure 46: PP+G+Q Combination

Figure 47: PP+G+Q Moment

- Apply WPmt to get moment

Figure 48: Equivalent Load of Pmt

90
 Figure 49: Moment of Pmt

x v v' Mpmt MT σt t σt c
Point
m m m kNm kNm MPa MPa
A 0.000 0.2688 0.1813 128.382 0.000 0.171 -1.859
B 0.400 0.2688 0.1813 238.180 -489.230 -2.245 1.724
C 5.200 0.2688 0.1813 -172.621 480.060 1.311 -3.549
D 10.000 0.2688 0.1813 238.180 -489.230 -2.245 1.724
E 10.400 0.2688 0.1813 128.382 0.000 0.171 -1.859

Characteristic Combination
5.0

2.0 1.724 1.724

-1.0 1.311

-4.0
Stress (MPa)

-2.245 -2.245
-3.549
-7.0
Sigma_t_t
-10.0 Sigma_c_t
Sigma_c_t_bar
-13.0
Sigma_t_t_bar
-16.0

-19.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

91
• Quasi-permanent combination
𝜂𝑀𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑞𝑝
o 𝜎𝑐𝑞𝑝 = −
𝜂𝑃𝑖
+ ∙ 𝜈′ − ̅̅̅̅̅
∙ 𝜈 ′ ≥ −𝜎 𝑞𝑝
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝑐

𝜂𝑀𝑃𝑖 𝑀𝑞𝑝
∙ 𝜈 ≤ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝜂𝑃𝑖
o 𝜎𝑡𝑞𝑝 = − − ∙𝜈+ 𝜎𝑡𝑞𝑝
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑐

o ̅̅̅̅̅
𝜎𝑐𝑞𝑝 = 0.5 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.45 × 35 = 15.75 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2
o ̅̅̅̅̅
𝜎𝑡𝑞𝑝 = 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 0.3 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘
3
= 0.3 × (35)3 = 3.210 𝑀𝑃𝑎
- Apply load PP+G+0.3Q to ROBOT STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS to get moment

Figure 50: PP+G+0.3Q Load

Figure 51: Moment of PP+G+0.3Q

92
 x v v' Mpmt MQP σqpt σqpc
Point
m m m kNm kNm MPa MPa
A 0.000 0.2688 0.1813 128.382 0.000 0.171 -1.859
B 0.400 0.2688 0.1813 238.180 -428.180 -1.856 1.148
C 5.200 0.2688 0.1813 -172.621 420.160 0.930 -2.984
D 10.000 0.2688 0.1813 238.180 -428.180 -1.856 1.148
E 10.400 0.2688 0.1813 128.382 0.000 0.171 -1.859

Quasi-Permanent Combination
6.00

3.00
1.148 1.148
0.00
0.930
Stress (MPa)

-3.00
-1.856 -1.856
-6.00 -2.984
Sigma_t_qp
-9.00 Sigma_c_qp
Sigma_c_qp_bar
-12.00
Sigma_t_qp_bar
-15.00

-18.00
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0
Distance x (m)

2. Verifying Deflection

Using the following formula,

𝐾𝐿2 𝑘𝑀𝐿2 [Ref. (1), Page. 50]

𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑟𝑏 𝐸𝐼𝑐

• Short-term deflection
𝐿2
𝛿𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 = 𝛿𝑃𝑃+𝐺 − 𝛿𝑃𝑖 = ∙ (𝑘𝑃𝑃+𝐺 ∙ 𝑀𝑃𝑃+𝐺 − 𝑘𝑃𝑖 ∙ 𝑀𝑃𝑖 )
𝐸𝑐𝑚 ∙ 𝐼𝑐

𝑓𝑐𝑚 0.3
𝐸𝑐𝑚 = 22000 ∙ ( ) = 34077.146 𝑀𝑃𝑎
10

o Span: L=9.6m
▪ Find kPP+G

93
 𝛽𝑃𝑃+𝐺
𝑘𝑃𝑃+𝐺 = 0.104 × (1 − )
4

Where,

𝑀𝐵 + 𝑀𝐷 402.01 + 402.01
𝛽𝑃𝑃+𝐺 = = = 2.038
𝑀𝐶 394.48
2.038
⇒ 𝑘𝑃𝑃+𝐺 = 0.104 × (1 − ) = 0.0828
4

▪ Find kPi

𝛽𝑃𝑖
𝑘𝑃𝑖 = 0.104 × (1 − )
4

Where,

𝑀𝐵 + 𝑀𝐷 250.68 + 250.68
𝛽𝑃𝑖 = = = 2.759
𝑀𝐶 181.68
2.759
⇒ 𝑘𝑃𝑖 = 0.104 × (1 − ) = 0.0753
4

▪ The total instantaneous deflection

9.62
⇒ 𝛿𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 = 34077.146×0.0285 ∙ (0.0828 ∙ 394.48 − 0.0753 ∙ 181.68) = 1.804𝑚𝑚

• Long-term Deflection
𝐿2
𝛿𝐿𝑇 = 𝛿𝑞𝑝 − 𝛿𝑃𝑚𝑡 = ∙ (𝑘𝑞𝑝 ∙ 𝑀𝑞𝑝 − 𝑘𝑃𝑚𝑡 ∙ 𝑀𝑃𝑚𝑡 )
𝐸𝑐𝑚,𝑒𝑓𝑓 ∙ 𝐼𝑐

𝐸𝑐𝑚 34077.146
𝐸𝑐𝑚,𝑒𝑓𝑓 = = = 10671.513 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1+𝜑 1 + 2.193

o Span L2 = 9.6m
▪ Find kqp
𝛽𝑞𝑝
𝑘𝑞𝑝 = 0.104 × (1 − )
4

Where,

𝑀𝐵 + 𝑀𝐷 428.18 + 428.18
𝛽𝑞𝑝 = = = 2.038
𝑀𝐶 420.16

94
 2.038
⇒ 𝑘𝑞𝑝 = 0.104 × (1 − ) = 0.0828
4

▪ Find kPmt

𝛽𝑃𝑚𝑡
𝑘𝑃𝑚𝑡 = 0.104 × (1 − )
4

Where,

𝑀𝐵 + 𝑀𝐷 238.180 + 238.180
𝛽𝑃𝑚𝑡 = = = 2.759
𝑀𝐶 172.621
2.759
⇒ 𝑘𝑃𝑚𝑡 = 0.104 × (1 − ) = 0.0753
4

▪ The total long-term deflection

9.62
⇒ 𝛿𝐿𝑇 = 10671.513×0.0285 ∙ (0.0828 ∙ 420.16 − 0.0753 ∙ 172.621) = 6.612𝑚𝑚

• Allowable deflection

According to EC2, it is recommended to use 𝐿/250.

𝐿 9.6
𝛿𝑎𝑑𝑚 = = = 0.384𝑚 = 38.4𝑚𝑚
250 250

By this, we can verify that:

Verified
𝛿𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 = 1.804𝑚𝑚 < 𝛿𝑎𝑑𝑚 = 38.4𝑚𝑚
Verified
𝛿𝐿𝑇 = 6.612𝑚𝑚 < 𝛿𝑎𝑑𝑚 = 38.4𝑚𝑚

• Deflection from program [ROBOT STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS]

Figure 52: Short-term Deflection [cm] Figure 53: Long-term Deflection [cm]

95
 ANNEX E: ULTIMATE STRENGTH VERIFICATION

1. Verify Moment Capacity (ELU)

• Determine σPud

We got:

o 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 35𝑀𝑃𝑎

o 𝑓𝑐𝑚 = 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 8𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 43𝑀𝑃𝑎

o 𝐴𝑃 = 98.7𝑚𝑚2

o 𝑓𝑃𝑡𝑘 = 1860𝑀𝑃𝑎

o 𝑓𝑃0.1𝑘 = 1600𝑀𝑃𝑎

o 𝐸𝑃 = 195000𝑀𝑃𝑎

o 𝜀𝑢𝑘 = 0.035

o 𝜆 = 0.8

o 𝜂=1

o 𝛾𝑐 = 1.5

96
 o 𝛾𝑠 = 1.15

o 𝛼𝑐𝑐 = 1

𝑓𝑃0.1𝑘 1600
⇒ 𝑓𝑃𝑑 = = = 1391𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑠 1.15

⇒ 𝜀𝑢𝑑 = 0.9 ∙ 𝜀𝑢𝑘 = 0.9 × 0.035 = 0.0315

𝑓𝑃𝑑 1391
⇒ = = 0.00713
𝐸𝑃 195000

𝑓𝑃𝑘 1860
⇒ = = 1617.39𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑠 1.15

By this, we can plot graph using EXCEL:

1800
1600 σP = 8113.6εP + 1333.4
1400
1200
Stress σP

1000
800 σP = 195000 εP
600
400
200
0
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040
Strain εP

• ∗
Determine design value of applied moment 𝑀𝐸𝑑

By using the following formula,

∗
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 𝑀𝐸𝑑 + 𝑀ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟

Where:

𝑀ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 𝑀𝑃𝑚𝑡 + 𝑃𝑚𝑡 ∙ 𝑒

o Apply load 1.35(PP+G)+1.5Q to ROBOT STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

97
 Figure 54: ELU Load Combination

Figure 55: Moment ELU

∗
By this, we can find 𝑀𝐸𝑑

x e Pmt MPmt Mhyper MEd M*Ed

Point
m m kN kNm kNm kNm kNm
A 0.000 0.100 1112.652 128.382 17.117 0.000 17.117
B 0.400 0.160 1199.817 238.180 46.210 -673.540 -627.330
C 5.200 -0.160 1266.461 -172.621 30.013 660.920 690.933
D 10.000 0.160 1321.926 238.180 26.672 -673.540 -646.868
E 10.400 0.100 1284.279 128.382 -0.045 0.000 -0.045

98
 o Apply load ELU+Wind to ETAB to find moment envelope

Figure 56: 3D Model of Sivilai Building

Figure 57: Moment of ELU+Wind Envelope

x e Pmt Mpmt Mhyper Mwind M*Ed+Wind

Point
m m kN kNm kNm kNm kNm
A 0.000 0.100 1112.652 128.382 17.117 0.000 17.117
B 0.400 0.160 1199.817 238.180 46.210 -806.141 -759.931

99
C 5.200 -0.160 1266.461 -172.621 30.013 608.680 638.692
D 10.000 0.160 1321.926 238.180 26.672 -806.141 -779.469
E 10.400 0.100 1284.279 128.382 -0.045 0.000 -0.045

• Determine 𝑀𝑅𝑑

In this calculation, I will use only prestressing steel with no reinforcement steel AS=0.

Find x to see whether 𝜆𝑥 exceeds 𝑡 or not.

o Considering 𝜆𝑥 < 𝑡
+
▪ Positive moment 𝑀𝑅𝑑
• Find 𝜀𝑃𝑢𝑑

𝜀𝑝𝑢𝑑 = 𝜀𝑝𝑒 + 𝜀𝑐𝑒 + 𝜀𝑝𝑡𝑑

Where:

𝜎𝑝𝑚𝑡 𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 1085.107

o 𝜀𝑝𝑒 = = = = 0.00556
𝐸𝑃 𝐸𝑃 195000

1 𝑃 𝑃𝑚𝑡 ∙𝑒 2
o 𝜀𝑐𝑒 = 𝐸 ∙ ( 𝐴𝑚𝑡 + )≈0
𝑐𝑚 𝑐 𝐼𝑐

𝑑𝑝 −𝑥
o 𝜀𝑝𝑡𝑑 = 𝜀𝑐𝑢3 ∙ 𝑥

• Find 𝜎𝑝𝑢𝑑

100
 𝜎𝑝𝑢𝑑 = min (195000 ∙ 𝜀𝑝𝑢𝑑 , 8113.6 ∙ 𝜀𝑝𝑢𝑑 + 1333.4)

• Find 𝐹𝑝𝑡𝑑

𝐹𝑝𝑡𝑑 = 𝜎𝑝𝑢𝑑 ∙ 𝐴𝑃,𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

• Find 𝐹𝑐𝑑

𝐹𝑐𝑑 = 𝜂 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 ∙ 𝜆 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑏

Where,

𝛼𝑐𝑐 ∙𝑓𝑐𝑘
o 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = 23.333𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑐

Hence,

⇒ 𝐹𝑐𝑑 = 1 × 23.333 × 0.8 × 𝑥 × 6 = 112 ∙ 𝑥

By equilibrium,

𝐹𝑐𝑑 = 𝐹𝑝𝑡𝑑

So that, we can determine 𝑥 each point.

x dp Fptd Fcd X λX
Point
m m MN MN m m
A 0 0.125 1.853 1.853 0.017 0.0132
B 0.4 0.065 1.740 1.740 0.016 0.0124
C 5.2 0.385 2.245 2.246 0.020 0.0160
D 10 0.065 1.740 1.740 0.016 0.0124
E 10.4 0.125 1.853 1.853 0.017 0.0132
With 𝑡 = 0.25𝑚 , we can see that 𝜆𝑥 < 𝑡 for every point so 𝑥 is not exceeded t
flange.

Using the following formula,

+
𝜆∙𝑥
𝑀𝑅𝑑 = 𝜎𝑝𝑢𝑑 ∙ 𝐴𝑃,𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∙ (𝑑𝑃 − )
2

101
 dp σpud X M+Rd
Point
m MPa m kNm
A 0.125 1564.678 0.017 219.378
B 0.065 1468.974 0.016 102.276
C 0.385 1895.395 0.020 846.262
D 0.065 1468.974 0.016 102.276
E 0.125 1564.678 0.017 219.378
−
▪ Negative moment 𝑀𝑅𝑑

To find negative moment, we need to adjust 𝑑𝑝 .

With positive moment 𝑑𝑃 is:

dP

AP

With negative moment 𝑑𝑃 is:

AP
dP

−
We also need to find 𝑀𝑅𝑑 formula:

−
𝜆∙𝑥
𝑀𝑅𝑑 = −𝜎𝑝𝑢𝑑 ∙ 𝐴𝑃,𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∙ (𝑑𝑃 − )
2

By this, we can calculate the negative moment following the same step as positive
moment:

dp σpud X M-Rd
Point
m MPa m kNm
A 0.325 1827.572 0.019 -686.732

102
 B 0.385 1895.435 0.020 -846.281
C 0.065 1468.974 0.016 -102.276
D 0.385 1895.395 0.020 -846.262
E 0.325 1827.572 0.019 -686.732
∗ ∗
With these results, we can compare 𝑀𝑅𝑑 with 𝑀𝐸𝑑 and 𝑀𝐸𝑑+𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑑

Moment Verification for ELU

-1000
-800
-600
-400 -646.868
Moment (kNm)

-200 -627.330
MRd+
0
200 MRd-
690.933 M*Ed
400
600
800
1000
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

Moment Verification for ELU+Wind

-1000
-800
-600
Moment (kNm)

-400
-759.931 -779.469
-200
MRd+
0
200 MRd-
638.692
400 M*Ed+Wind
600
800
1000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

2. Verify Ductility

Using the following formula,

[Ref. (2), Page 243]

𝑥 < 0.3 ∙ 𝑑𝑃

By this, we got the result:

103
 x dp X
Point Verify
m m m
A 0 0.125 0.0165 Ok
B 0.4 0.065 0.0155 Ok
C 5.2 0.385 0.0201 Ok
D 10 0.065 0.0155 Ok
E 10.4 0.125 0.0165 Ok
3. Verify Shear Resistance
• Determine 𝐴𝑠𝑙

Using the following formula,

𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑙 = max (0.26 ∙ ∙ 𝑏 ∙ 𝑑, 0.0013 ∙ 𝑏𝑡 ∙ 𝑑)
𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑡

Where:

o 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 3.210𝑀𝑃𝑎

o 𝑏𝑡 = 2.5𝑚

o 𝑑𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 0.42𝑚; 𝑑𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 0.42𝑚

o 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 390𝑀𝑃𝑎

⇒ 𝐴𝑠𝑙 = 𝐴𝑠𝑙,𝑡𝑜𝑝 + 𝐴𝑠𝑙,𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 2273.723 + 2273.723 = 4547.446𝑚𝑚2

We choose 𝐴𝑠𝑙,𝑝𝑟𝑜 : 26DB16@200

⇒ 𝐴𝑠𝑙,𝑝𝑟𝑜 = 5227.610𝑚𝑚2

⇒ 𝐴𝑠𝑙 = 4547.446𝑚𝑚2 < 𝐴𝑠𝑙,𝑝𝑟𝑜 = 5227.610𝑚𝑚2

104
 We choose 𝐴𝑠𝑙,𝑝𝑟𝑜 = 5227.610𝑚𝑚2 for further calculation.

• Verify shear resistance.

To verify shear resistance, the condition is:

𝑉𝑅𝑑 ≥ 𝑉𝐸𝑑

There are 2 conditions to be considered to verify shear resistance which are:

o For elements which no shear reinforcement is required:

• ∗
Determine 𝑉𝐸𝑑
∗
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑,0 + 𝑉𝑃𝑚𝑡

Applying load 1.35(PP+G)+1.5Q and Pmt to ROBOT STRUCTURAL ANALYSISA:

Figure 58: Shear for ELU

Figure 59: Shear for Pmt

105
 For this calculation, I choose the value of shear from the face of both columns.

VEd,0

VEd,0

VPmt

VPmt

• Determine 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 ∙ 𝑘 ∙ (100 ∙ 𝜌1 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 + 𝑘1 ∙ 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ] ∙ 𝑏𝑤 ∙ 𝑑 >
[Ref. (1), Page 74]
(𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 ∙ 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ) ∙ 𝑏𝑤 ∙ 𝑑

Where:

0.18 0.18
- 𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = = = 0.12
𝛾𝑐 1.5

- 𝑘1 = 0.15
3 1 3 1
- 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 ∙ 𝑘12 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘
2
= 0.035 × 0.152 × 352 = 0.455

200 200
- 𝑘 =1+√ = 1 + √420 = 1.690 < 2
𝑑

𝐴𝑠𝑙 5227.610
- 𝜌𝑙 = 𝑏 = 2500×420 = 0.00498 < 0.02
𝑤 ∙𝑑

𝑁𝐸𝑑 𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
- 𝜎𝑐𝑝 = = < 0.2 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = 0.2 × 23.33 = 4.66𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑐 𝐴𝑐

By this, we can calculate:

106
 d bw σcp VRd,c Ved,0 VEd,pmt V*Ed
Support Verify
mm mm MPa kN kN kN kN
B (Left) 420 2500 0.64192 653.181 -35.3 0 -35.3 Ok
B (Right) 420 2500 0.64192 653.181 521.31 -160.8 360.51 Ok
D (Left) 420 2500 0.64192 653.181 -521.31 160.8 -360.51 Ok
D (Right) 420 2500 0.64192 653.181 -35.3 0 -35.3 Ok
o For element with the Maximum Resistant Shear Force (Corresponding
to the Crushing of the Connecting Rods)
• Determine 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝛼𝑐𝑤 ∙ 𝑏𝑤 ∙ 𝑍 ∙ 𝑣1 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 [Ref. (1), Page 76]
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

Where:

- 𝑣1 = 0.6
𝜎𝑐𝑝 0.642
- 𝛼𝑤 = 1 + 𝑓 = 1 + 23.33 = 1.0275
𝑐𝑑

- 𝑍 = 0.9 ∙ 𝑑 = 0.9 × 420 = 378𝑚𝑚

By this, we can calculate and receive result as table below:

Z bw σcp VRd, max Ved,0 VEd, pmt V*Ed

Support Verify
mm mm MPa kN kN kN kN
B (Left) 378 2500 0.642 6796.983 -35.3 0 -35.3 Ok
B (Right) 378 2500 0.642 6796.983 521.31 -160.8 360.51 Ok
D (Left) 378 2500 0.642 6796.983 -521.31 160.8 -360.51 Ok
D (Right) 378 2500 0.642 6796.983 -35.3 0 -35.3 Ok
Even though the verification shows that the element (Band Beam) requires no shear
reinforcement, still, we need to include minimum stirrup.

• Determine 𝐴𝑠𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛
0.5
𝐴𝑠𝑤 0.08 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∙ 𝑏𝑤
=
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑘

Where:

- 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 35𝑀𝑃𝑎

107
 - 𝑏𝑤 = 2500𝑚𝑚

- 𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑘 = 390𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝐴𝑠𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.08×350.5 ×2500

⇒ = = 3.034𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚𝑚
𝑠 390

We choose Asw: 6 legs DB12.

122
𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 6 × 𝜋 × = 678.24𝑚𝑚2
4

So that, Spacing:

𝐴𝑠𝑤
𝑠= = 223.555𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑠

Maximum spacing:

𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75 ∙ 𝑑 ∙ (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛼)

With α = 90o

⇒ 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75 ∙ 420 ∙ (1 + cot 90) = 315𝑚𝑚

Hence, we choose spacing 250mm so that, the shear reinforcement is 6 legs

DB12@200.

4. Verify Punching Resistance

For this project, I will conduct a calculation of verifying punching resistance for 2 columns.

108
 • Edge column
o Determine 𝑉𝐸𝑑
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 + 𝑉𝐸𝑑,𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝛽 ∙ (𝜌𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 ∙ 𝐴𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 + 𝜌𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 ∙ 𝐴𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 )

For slab: 𝜌𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 1.35 ∙ (𝑃𝑃𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 + 𝐺) + 1.5 ∙ 𝑄 = 16.494𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

For band beam: 𝜌𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 1.35 ∙ (𝑃𝑃𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 + 𝐺) + 1.5 ∙ 𝑄 = 23.244𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

Where:

𝐴𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = (𝐴7 + 𝐴8 ) + 1.1 ∙ (𝐴5 + 𝐴6 ) = 𝑚2

𝐴𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 ) + 1.1 ∙ (𝐴3 + 𝐴4 ) = 𝑚2

⇒ 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 236.983𝑘𝑁 + 226.885𝑘𝑁 = 436.868𝑘𝑁

o Verify punching shear right on the column

Using the following formula:

𝑉𝐸𝑑
𝜈𝐸𝑑,0 = ≤ 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.5 ∙ 𝜈 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑
𝑢0 ∙ 𝑑

Where:

- 𝑢0 = min(𝑐2 + 3 ∙ 𝑑, 𝑐2 + 2 ∙ 𝑐1 ) = min(0.5 + 3 × 0.42,0.5 + 2 × 0.6) = 1.7𝑚

C2=500mm

C1=600mm

109
 𝑓 35
- 𝑐𝑘
𝜈 = 0.6 ∙ (1 − 250 ) = 0.6 × (1 − 250) = 0.516

436.868 × 1000
⇒ 𝜈𝐸𝑑,0 = = 0.6119𝑀𝑃𝑎
1700 × 420

⇒ 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.5 × 0.516 × 23.33 = 6.020𝑀𝑃𝑎

⇒ 𝜈𝐸𝑑,0 = 0.6119𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 6.020𝑀𝑃𝑎 [𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑]

o Verify punching shear in the distance of 2d from face column

Using the following formula:

𝑉𝐸𝑑
𝑣𝐸𝑑 = ≤ 𝑣𝑅𝑑,𝑐
𝑢1 ∙ 𝑑

Where:

- 𝑢1 = 2 ∙ 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + 2 ∙ 𝜋 ∙ 𝑑 = 2 × 0.6 + 0.5 + 2 × 𝜋 × 0.42 = 4.3376𝑚

u1 2d

- 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 𝜈𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 ∙ 𝜎𝑐𝑝

With:

0.2 0.2
- 𝑘 = 1 + √ 𝑑 = 1 + √0.42 = 1.690 < 2

3 1 3 1
- 2
𝜈𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 × 𝑘 2 × 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.035 × 1.692 × 352 = 0.455

- 𝑘1 = 0.1

(𝜎𝑐𝑝,𝑥 +𝜎𝑐𝑝,𝑦 )
- 𝜎𝑐𝑝 = 2

In the control perimeter u1, there are direction-x tendons and direction-y tendons.

110
 ▪ Direction-X: 4 strands
▪ Direction-Y: 12 strands

- 𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑥 = 108.710𝑘𝑁/𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 ⇒ 𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑥,𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 434.84𝑘𝑁

⇒ 𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑦,𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 1283.832𝑘𝑁
- 𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑦 = 106.986𝑘𝑁/𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑

So that,

𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑥 434.84 × 0.001

⇒ 𝜎𝑐𝑝,𝑥 = = = 0.671𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑐𝑥 0.45 × 1.44

𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑦 1283.832 × 0.001

⇒ 𝜎𝑐𝑝,𝑦 = = = 1.308𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑐𝑦 0.45 × 2.18

(𝜎𝑐𝑝,𝑥 +𝜎𝑐𝑝,𝑦 ) 0.671+1.308

Hence, 𝜎𝑐𝑝 = = = 0.9895𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2

436.868×0.001
Thus, 𝜈𝐸𝑑 = = 0.239𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 0.455 + 0.1 × 0.9895 = 0.554𝑀𝑃𝑎
4.3376×0.42

We got:

Verified
𝜈𝐸𝑑 = 0.239𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 0.554𝑀𝑃𝑎

• Corner Column
o Determine 𝑉𝐸𝑑
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 + 𝑉𝐸𝑑,𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝛽 ∙ (𝜌𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 ∙ 𝐴𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 + 𝜌𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 ∙ 𝐴𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 )

Where:

𝐴𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = (𝐴5 + 𝐴6 ) = 2.2255 + 1.7386 = 3.9641𝑚2

𝐴𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 𝐴3 + 𝐴4 = 15.3215𝑚2

111
 ⇒ 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 65.384𝑘𝑁 + 356.133𝑘𝑁 = 421.517𝑘𝑁

o Verify punching shear right on the column

Using the following formula:

𝑉𝐸𝑑
𝜈𝐸𝑑,0 = ≤ 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.5 ∙ 𝜈 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑
𝑢0 ∙ 𝑑

Where:

u0

421.517 × 1000
⇒ 𝜈𝐸𝑑,0 = = 0.304𝑀𝑃𝑎
3300 × 420

⇒ 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.5 × 0.516 × 23.33 = 6.020𝑀𝑃𝑎

⇒ 𝜈𝐸𝑑,0 = 0.304𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 6.020𝑀𝑃𝑎 [𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑]

o Verify punching shear in the distance of 2d from face column

Using the following formula:

𝑉𝐸𝑑
𝑣𝐸𝑑 = ≤ 𝑣𝑅𝑑,𝑐
𝑢1 ∙ 𝑑

Where:

u1

- 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 𝜈𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 ∙ 𝜎𝑐𝑝

With:

112
 (𝜎𝑐𝑝,𝑥 +𝜎𝑐𝑝,𝑦 )
- 𝜎𝑐𝑝 = 2

In the control perimeter u1, there are direction-x tendons and direction-y tendons.

▪ Direction-X: 4 strands
▪ Direction-Y: 10 strands

- 𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑥 = 108.710𝑘𝑁/𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 ⇒ 𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑥,𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 434.84𝑘𝑁

⇒ 𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑦,𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 1069.86𝑘𝑁
- 𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑦 = 106.986𝑘𝑁/𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑

So that,

𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑥 434.84 × 0.001

⇒ 𝜎𝑐𝑝,𝑥 = = = 0.474𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑐𝑥 0.45 × 2.040

𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑦 1069.86 × 0.001

⇒ 𝜎𝑐𝑝,𝑦 = = = 0.809𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑐𝑦 0.45 × 2.940

(𝜎𝑐𝑝,𝑥 +𝜎𝑐𝑝,𝑦 ) 0.474+0.809

Hence, 𝜎𝑐𝑝 = = = 0.6415𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2

421.517×0.001
Thus, 𝜈𝐸𝑑 = = 0.249𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 0.455 + 0.1 × 0.6415 = 0.51915𝑀𝑃𝑎
4.0278×0.42

We got:

Verified
𝜈𝐸𝑑 = 0.249𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 0.51915𝑀𝑃𝑎

5. Determine Pmt,x

Figure 60: Strip X-X

For strip X-X, I choose 11 strands for calculation.

113
5.1.Friction Losses

Figure 61: Tendon Profile Strip X-X

By following the same steps of calculation from direction y-y, we got the result:

Table 29: Stress due to Friction Loss Strip X-X

x α σP, max σμ Δσμ

Point
m m Mpa Mpa Mpa
A 0 0.0000 1395.000 1395.000 0.000
B 1.55 0.0757 1395.000 1374.111 20.889
C 4.55 0.1619 1395.000 1346.947 48.053
D 7.55 0.2356 1395.000 1320.160 74.840
E 10.55 0.3089 1395.000 1290.385 104.615
F 13.55 0.3828 1395.000 1257.351 137.649
G 16.55 0.4563 1395.000 1221.385 173.615
H 19.55 0.5305 1395.000 1182.054 212.946
I 22.55 0.6041 1395.000 1139.881 255.119
J 25.55 0.6787 1395.000 1094.154 300.846
K 28.55 0.7541 1395.000 1044.945 350.055
L 31.55 0.7830 1395.000 1015.169 379.831
M 31.75 0.7830 1395.000 1014.076 380.924

Friction Loss
1500
1395
1400

1300
Stress (MPa)

1200 Friction Loss

1100

1000
1014.076
900
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33
Distance x (m)

114
5.2.Anchorage Slip Loss

Following the same calculation as in Direction Y-Y, we got the result:

Table 30: Stress due to Anchorage Slip Loss Strip X-X

x σμ σg Δσg
Point
m MPa MPa MPa
A 0.000 1395.000 1165.093 229.907
B 1.550 1374.111 1185.982 188.129
C 4.550 1346.947 1213.146 133.801
D 7.550 1320.160 1239.933 80.228
E 10.550 1290.385 1269.707 20.678
Ls 11.342 1280.046 1280.046 0.000
F 13.550 1257.351 1257.351 0.000
G 16.550 1221.385 1221.385 0.000
H 19.550 1182.054 1182.054 0.000
I 22.550 1139.881 1139.881 0.000
J 25.550 1094.154 1094.154 0.000
K 28.550 1044.945 1044.945 0.000
L 31.550 1015.169 1015.169 0.000
M 31.750 1014.076 1014.076 0.000
o Elongation after slipping:

1 𝑥
Δ𝑙𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 = Δ𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 − 𝛿𝑠 = ∫ 𝜎 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 − 6𝑚𝑚 = 185.113𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝑃 0 𝑥

Manual Calculation ADAPT Builder

σg/fptk (MPa) 0.625 0.59

Elongation 185.113 mm 181 mm

115
 Anchorage Slipp Loss
1500

1400
Friction Loss
1300 Anchorage Slip Loss
Stress (MPa)

1200
1280.046

1100 1165.093

1000
1014.076
900
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33
Distance x (m)

5.3.Elastic Shortening Loss

Following the same steps of calculation form Direction Y-Y, we got the result:

Figure 62: Equivalent Pi after anchorage slip loss strip X-X (per strand)

Figure 63: Moment of Pi after anchorage slip loss strip X-X (per strand)

116
 Table 31: Stress due to Elastic Shortening Loss Strip X-X

x MPi σcp Δσel Δσel, moy σμ+g σel

Point
m kNm MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa
A 0.000 0.000 1.355 3.524 1165.093 1161.843
B 1.550 106.920 1.388 3.611 1185.982 1182.732
C 4.550 -25.850 1.651 4.294 1213.146 1209.896
D 7.550 121.660 1.509 3.924 1239.933 1236.683
E 10.550 -23.650 1.695 4.409 1269.707 1266.458
Ls 11.342 -14.080 1.564 4.069 1280.046 1276.797
F 13.550 115.280 1.483 3.857 1257.351 1254.101
3.250
G 16.550 -23.760 1.640 4.266 1221.385 1218.136
H 19.550 120.230 1.463 3.805 1182.054 1178.805
I 22.550 -25.410 1.560 4.059 1139.881 1136.632
J 25.550 109.340 1.343 3.493 1094.154 1090.905
K 28.550 -20.130 1.401 3.645 1044.945 1041.696
L 31.550 66.110 0.889 2.312 1015.169 1011.919
M 31.750 78.870 0.933 2.427 1014.076 1010.827

Elastic Shortening Loss

1450
1400 Friction Loss
1350 Anchorage Slip Loss
1300
1250 Elastic Shortening Loss
Stress (MPa)

1200
1150
1100 1161.843
1050
1000
950 1010.827
900
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33
Distance x (m)

117
 5.4.Immediate Losses

Following the same calculation from Direction Y-Y, we got:

Table 32: Stress due to Immediate Losses Strip X-X

 g el inst inst Pi

Point
MPa MPa MPa MPa MNm MPa
A 0.000 229.907 3.524 233.431 0.000 1161.569
B 20.889 188.129 3.611 212.628 33.471 1182.372
C 48.053 133.801 4.294 186.148 448.285 1208.852
D 74.840 80.228 3.924 158.992 95.431 1236.008
E 104.615 20.678 4.409 129.702 315.975 1265.298
Ls 114.954 0.000 4.069 119.023 98.497 1275.977
F 137.649 0.000 3.857 141.506 84.126 1253.494
G 173.615 0.000 4.266 177.880 415.813 1217.120
H 212.946 0.000 3.805 216.751 129.059 1178.249
I 255.119 0.000 4.059 259.178 607.918 1135.822
J 300.846 0.000 3.493 304.339 181.408 1090.661
K 350.055 0.000 3.645 353.700 827.512 1041.300
L 379.831 0.000 2.312 382.143 228.206 1012.857
M 380.924 0.000 2.427 383.351 68.906 1011.649

o Average immediate losses:

0 + 33.471 + 448.285 + ⋯ + 228.206 + 68.906

Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = = 224.616 𝑀𝑃𝑎
31.75

o Percentage of Immediate Loss:

Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 224.616
%Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = × 100 = × 100 = 16.102%
𝜎𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 1395

o Stress after immediate losses:

𝜎𝑃𝑖 = 𝜎𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 − Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 1395 − 224.616 = 1170.384𝑀𝑃𝑎

o Prestressing Force after immediate losses:

𝑃𝑖 = 𝜎𝑃𝑖 × 𝐴𝑃 = 1170.384 × 98.7 × 0.001 = 115.517𝑘𝑁

118
5.5.Time-dependent Losses

Figure 64: Load PP+G Strip X-X

Figure 65: Moment of PP+G Strip X-X

Table 33: Stress due to Time-dependent Losses Strip X-X

x MPP+G Pi σcgo σcpi Δσpcsr σpmt

Point
m kNm kN MPa MPa MPa MPa
A 0.000 0.000 1261.116 0.000 1.351 74.717 1086.852
B 1.550 -120.580 1283.701 -0.701 1.384 65.709 1116.662
C 4.550 33.330 1312.451 -0.308 1.645 74.718 1134.135
D 7.550 -160.500 1341.934 -0.934 1.504 65.133 1170.875
E 10.550 26.790 1373.734 -0.248 1.690 76.848 1188.450
Ls 11.342 16.190 1385.328 -0.088 1.561 77.746 1198.231
F 13.550 -145.320 1360.918 -0.845 1.478 66.148 1187.346
G 16.550 27.960 1321.427 -0.259 1.635 75.331 1141.789
H 19.550 -145.270 1279.225 -0.845 1.459 64.812 1113.437
I 22.550 26.750 1233.162 -0.248 1.555 73.285 1062.537
J 25.550 -161.220 1184.131 -0.938 1.339 60.955 1029.707
K 28.550 44.440 1130.540 -0.411 1.397 67.949 973.351

119
 L 31.550 -156.280 1099.659 -0.551 0.887 59.618 953.239
M 31.750 -185.830 1098.348 -0.655 0.931 58.864 952.785
o Average time-dependent losses:

0 + 108.830 + 210.64 + ⋯ + 191.351 + 11.848

Δ𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = = 68.970𝑀𝑃𝑎
31.75

o Percentage of time-dependent losses:

Δ𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 68.970
%Δ𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = × 100 = × 100 = 4.873%
𝜎𝑃𝑖 1140.705

o Stress after time-dependent losses:

𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡 = 𝜎𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 − Δ𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 1170.384 − 68.970 = 1101.414𝑀𝑃𝑎

o Prestressing force after time-dependent losses:

𝑃𝑚𝑡 = 𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡 × 𝐴𝑃 = 1101.414 × 98.7 × 0.001 = 108.710𝑘𝑁

By this, we get: 𝑃𝑖 = 115.517𝑘𝑁/𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 and 𝑃𝑚𝑡 = 108.710𝑘𝑁/𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑.

Time-dependent Losses
1500
Friction Loss
1400 Anchorage Slip Loss
Stress (MPa)

1300 Elastic Shortening

Loss
1200 Time-dependent
Losses
1100

1000 1086.852
952.785
900
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33
Distance x (m)

120
5.6. Stress Verification

Following the same calculation as direction Y-Y, we got:

Figure 66: Moment of PP+G direction X-X

Figure 67: Moment of PP+G+Q Direction X-X

Figure 68: Moment of PP+G+0.3Q Direction X-X

Figure 69: Moment of Pi Direction X-X

121
 Figure 70: Moment of Pmt Direction X-X

x Ac Ic M0 Mpi Sigma_t_0 Sigma_c_0

Point
m m2 m4 kNm kNm MPa MPa
A 0 0.934 0.0049 0.000 0.000 -1.361 -1.361
B 1.55 1.681 0.0284 -84.640 106.590 -0.582 -0.930
C 4.55 0.934 0.0049 22.240 -25.850 -1.454 -1.268
D 7.55 1.681 0.0284 -110.980 121.330 -0.674 -0.838
E 10.55 0.934 0.0049 17.920 -23.650 -1.508 -1.214
F 13.55 1.681 0.0284 -101.080 114.950 -0.646 -0.866
G 16.55 0.934 0.0049 18.730 -23.760 -1.490 -1.232
H 19.55 1.681 0.0284 -100.740 119.900 -0.604 -0.908
I 22.55 0.934 0.0049 17.680 -25.300 -1.557 -1.165
J 25.55 1.681 0.0284 -115.580 109.120 -0.807 -0.705
K 28.55 0.934 0.0049 33.280 -20.130 -1.023 -1.699
L 31.55 1.681 0.0284 -116.810 65.890 -1.160 -0.352
M 31.75 1.681 0.0284 -139.840 78.650 -1.241 -0.271

Transfer Stage
5.000

0.000
Stress (MPa)

-5.000 Sigma_t_0
Sigma_c_0
-10.000
Sigma_c_bar
-15.000 Sigma_t_bar

-20.000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance x (m)

122
 x Ac Ic Mpmt MT Sigma_t_t Sigma_c_t
Point
m m2 m4 kNm kNm MPa MPa
A 0 0.934 0.0049 0.000 0.000 -1.281 -1.281
B 1.55 1.681 0.0284 100.309 -148.740 -1.096 -0.327
C 4.55 0.934 0.0049 -24.327 42.030 -0.826 -1.736
D 7.55 1.681 0.0284 114.180 -199.310 -1.387 -0.036
E 10.55 0.934 0.0049 -22.256 33.750 -0.985 -1.576
F 13.55 1.681 0.0284 108.176 -179.980 -1.281 -0.142
G 16.55 0.934 0.0049 -22.360 35.190 -0.951 -1.610
H 19.55 1.681 0.0284 112.834 -180.180 -1.246 -0.177
I 22.55 0.934 0.0049 -23.809 33.870 -1.022 -1.539
J 25.55 1.681 0.0284 102.690 -196.980 -1.459 0.037
K 28.55 0.934 0.0049 -18.944 53.290 -0.398 -2.163
L 31.55 1.681 0.0284 62.007 -186.210 -1.697 0.274
M 31.75 1.681 0.0284 74.015 -221.870 -1.884 0.461

Characteristics Combination
5.000

0.000
Stress (MPa)

-5.000
Sigma_t_t
Sigma_c_t
-10.000
Sigma_c_bar
Sigma_t_bar
-15.000

-20.000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance x (m)

123
 x Ac Ic Mpmt Mqp Sigma_t_qp Sigma_c_qp
Point
m m2 m4 kNm kNm MPa MPa
A 0 0.934 0.0049 0.000 0.000 -1.281 -1.281
B 1.55 1.681 0.0284 100.309 -129.030 -0.939 -0.484
C 4.55 0.934 0.0049 -24.327 35.940 -0.982 -1.579
D 7.55 1.681 0.0284 114.180 -172.140 -1.171 -0.252
E 10.55 0.934 0.0049 -22.256 28.880 -1.110 -1.451
F 13.55 1.681 0.0284 108.176 -155.720 -1.089 -0.334
G 16.55 0.934 0.0049 -22.360 30.130 -1.081 -1.480
H 19.55 1.681 0.0284 112.834 -155.750 -1.052 -0.371
I 22.55 0.934 0.0049 -23.809 28.890 -1.150 -1.411
J 25.55 1.681 0.0284 102.690 -171.940 -1.261 -0.162
K 28.55 0.934 0.0049 -18.944 47.100 -0.557 -2.004
L 31.55 1.681 0.0284 62.007 -164.840 -1.527 0.104
M 31.75 1.681 0.0284 74.015 -196.640 -1.684 0.261

Quasi-permanent Combination
5.000

0.000

-5.000
Stress (MPa)

Sigma_t_qp
Sigma_c_qp
-10.000 Sigma_c_bar
Sigma_t_qp

-15.000

-20.000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance x (m)

124
5.7. Deflection Check

Figure 71: Deflection Short-Term Direction X-X

Figure 72: Deflection Long-Term Direction X-X

5.8.Verifying Moment Capacity

Doing the same procedure as direction Y-Y, we got:

X dp x M+Rd M-Rd M*Ed

Point
m m m kNm kNm kNm
A 0 0.125 0.023 188.645 -188.647 0.000
B 1.55 0.06 0.022 79.208 -722.633 -304.761
C 4.55 0.17 0.024 269.955 -111.814 89.133
D 7.55 0.06 0.022 79.208 -722.633 -370.451
E 10.55 0.17 0.024 269.955 -111.814 82.407
F 13.55 0.06 0.022 79.208 -722.633 -354.656
G 16.55 0.17 0.024 269.955 -111.814 84.240
H 19.55 0.06 0.022 79.208 -722.633 -340.186
I 22.55 0.17 0.024 269.955 -111.814 77.390
J 25.55 0.06 0.022 79.208 -722.633 -358.944
K 28.65 0.17 0.024 269.955 -111.814 104.644

125
 L 31.55 0.125 0.023 188.645 -579.949 -297.980
M 31.75 0.125 0.023 188.645 -579.949 -334.408

Verify Moment Capacity

-800.000

-600.000
Moment (kNm)

-400.000

MRd+
-200.000
MRd-

0.000 M*Ed

200.000

400.000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance x (m)

126
6. Modelling in ADAPT Builder

Figure 73: Moment Verification from ADAPT Builder

Figure 74: Top Stress Verification from ADAPT Builder

Figure 75: Bottom Stress Verification from ADAPT Builder

127
 Figure 76: Deflection Verification from ADAPT Builder

Figure 77: Moment Verification from ADAPT Builder Direction X-X

Figure 78: Top Stress Verification Direction X-X

128
Figure 79: Bottom Stress Verification Direction X-X

Figure 80: Deflection Verification Direction X-X

129
 7. Non-prestressed Reinforcement
• Minimum Bonded Reinforcement in Positive Moment Areas

To determine the minimum bonded reinforcement, we use the following formula:

o According to Technical Note 501 (ADAPT Corporation), EC2 recommends:

𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ 0.0013 ∙ 𝑏𝑡 ∙ 𝑑

In the calculation, we suppose 𝑏𝑡 = 1𝑚. We got the result: 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 292.5𝑚𝑚2.

Moreover, I choose DB12 so the number of rebar is 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 /𝐴𝑠,𝐷𝐵12 = 3/𝑚.

o Spacing:

𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.5 ∙ ℎ ≤ 450𝑚𝑚 [Ref. (6), Page 159]

1000𝑚𝑚
⇒𝑆= = 500𝑚𝑚
3−1

⇒ 𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜 = min(𝑆, 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) = 450𝑚𝑚

Hence, the minimum bonded reinforcement is DB12@450.

• Minimum Bonded Reinforcement in Negative Moment Areas at Column

Support:

To determine the top reinforcement at column, we follow the below formula,

o According to Standard Method of Detailing, we got:

𝐴𝑠 = 0.00075 ∙ 𝐴𝑐

Where: 𝐴𝑐 = max(𝐶1 + (1.5 ∙ ℎ), 𝐶2 + 2 ∙ 1.5 ∙ ℎ)

For column F1, 𝐶1 = 0.6𝑚; 𝐶2 = 0.5𝑚; ℎ = 0.45𝑚

⇒ 𝐴𝑐 = 1.85𝑚2

⇒ 𝐴𝑠 = 0.00075 × 1.85 × 106 = 1387.5𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑠
⇒ 𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 12 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝐴𝑠,𝐷𝐵12

We choose 𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟,𝑝𝑟𝑜 = 14 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠

𝐶1 +1.5∙ℎ
Spacing: 𝑆𝑥 = = 98𝑚𝑚
14−1

130
 𝐶2 +2∙1.5∙ℎ
𝑆𝑦 = = 90𝑚𝑚
14−1

We choose: 𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜 = 100𝑚𝑚

Hence, top reinforcement at column F1 is 14DB@100. The top reinforcement is

recommended to extend from anchorage length to at least 0.2 of span length.

2.6m

14DB@100

2.3m
1.5h

1.5h 1.5h
14DB@100
F1

• Reinforcements in Flange

Longitudinal Reinforcement
beff

x

Transverse Reinforcement

We first need to find 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 .

[Ref. (7), Page 249]

𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓,1 + 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓,2 + 𝑏𝑤

Where:

[Ref. (7), Page 249]

𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓,𝑖 = 0.2 ∙ 𝑏𝑖 + 0.1 ∙ 𝑙0 ≤ 0.2 ∙ 𝑙0

So that,

⇒𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓,1 = 0.2 ∙ 3 + 0.1 ∙ 9.6 = 1.56𝑚 ≤ 0.2 ∙ 9.6 = 1.92𝑚

131
 ⇒𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓,2 = 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓,1 = 1.56𝑚

⇒ 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 1.56𝑚 + 1.56𝑚 + 2.5𝑚 = 5.62𝑚

o Longitudinal Reinforcement

Using the following formula,

𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 [Ref. (6). Page 152]

𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = max (0.26 ∙ ∙ 𝑏 ∙ 𝑑, 0.0013 ∙ 𝑏𝑡 ∙ 𝑑)
𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑡

We got:

⇒ 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛,1 = 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛,2 = 734.448𝑚𝑚2

Choose DB12: 𝐴𝑠,𝐷𝐵12 = 113.04𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛,1
Number of rebars: 𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟 = = 6.49 ≈ 7
𝐴𝑠,𝐷𝐵12

𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓,1
Spacing of rebar: 𝑆 = 𝑛 = 260𝑚𝑚 (We choose 𝑆 = 250𝑚𝑚)
𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟 −1

Hence, we have longitudinal reinforcement for each flange 7DB12@250.

o Transverse Reinforcement
Δ𝐹𝑑 [Ref. (6), Page 91]
𝜈𝐸𝑑 =
(ℎ𝑓 ∙ Δ𝑥)

Δ𝑀 𝑏𝑓0 Δ𝑀 𝑏𝑓 −𝑏𝑤 495.03 5.62−2.5

⇒Δ𝐹𝑑 = ℎ𝑓 × = ℎ𝑓 × = (0.42−0.125) × = 465.798𝑘𝑁
(𝑑− ) 𝑏𝑓 (𝑑− ) 2∙𝑏𝑓 2×5.62
2 2

5.20−1.82
⇒Δ𝑥 = = 1.69𝑚
2

465.798
⇒𝜈𝐸𝑑 = 0.25×1.69 = 1102.480𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 = 1.102𝑀𝑃𝑎

Verify to prevent crushing of the concrete in the compressive struts the longitudinal
shear stress:
[Ref. (6), Page 92]
𝜈𝐸𝑑 ≤ 𝜈 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 ∙ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑓 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑓
Where:

𝑓𝑐𝑘 35
𝜈 = 0.6 × (1 − ) = 0.6 × (1 − ) = 0.516
250 250

𝜃𝑓 = 26.5𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒

132
 ⇒𝜈 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 ∙ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑓 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑓 = 0.516 × 23.33 × sin(26.50 ) × cos(26.50 ) = 4.807𝑀𝑃𝑎

⇒ 𝑣𝐸𝑑 = 1.102𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 𝑣 ∙ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 ∙ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑓 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑓 = 4.807𝑀𝑃𝑎 [Satisfied]

To find the transverse reinforcement, we determine by using the following formula:

𝐴𝑠𝑓 𝑣𝐸𝑑 ∙ ℎ𝑓 [Ref. (6), Page 91]

≥
𝑠𝑓 𝑓𝑦𝑑 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃𝑓
We got:
𝐴 1.102×250
⇒ 𝑠𝑠𝑓 ≥ 0.87×390×cot(26.50) = 0.405𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚𝑚
𝑓

By the length is 9.6m, so we got:

𝐴𝑠𝑓,𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 0.405 × 9600 = 3888𝑚𝑚2

We use: DB12 so that 𝐴𝑠,𝐷𝐵12 = 113.04𝑚𝑚2

𝐴
Number of rebar: 𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 𝐴 𝑠𝑓,𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 34.39 ≈ 35
𝑠,𝐷𝐵12

9600
Spacing: 𝑠𝑓 = 35−1 = 282.35𝑚𝑚

Hence, we choose transverse reinforcement to distribute along the band beam with
DB12@250.

133
ANNEX F: BILL OF QUANTITY

134
ANNEX G: SLIDE
PRESENTATION

135
 DETAILED QUANTITY
Description Qty Thickness Width Length Area Perimeter Opening Diameter Spacing Mass Total Unit
Area Perimeter
2 2
- m m m m m m m mm m kg/m3
I. 1st Floor
1.1. Band Beam
2
Formwork B (450x2500) 5 0.450 2.500 10.400 26.000 25.800 - - - - - 155.800 m
2
B (450x2950) 1 0.450 2.950 10.400 30.680 26.700 - - - - - 36.020 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.450 - - 160.680 - - - - - - 32.136 m
Longitudinal rebar B (450x2500) 130 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 2.134 Tons
B (450x2950) 30 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 0.492 Tons
Shear Rebar B (450x2500) 43 - - 6.000 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.229 Tons
B (450x2950) 43 - - 6.500 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.248 Tons
Face Rebar B (450x2500) 20 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.185 Tons
B (450x2950) 4 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.037 Tons
1.2. Slab
2
Formwork - 0.250 - - 336.816 95.000 1.064 10.009 - - - 201.324 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.250 - - 335.752 - - - - - - 83.938 m
Bottom Rebar 2015 - - - 335.752 - - - 12.000 0.450 7850.000 1.789 Tons
Top Rebar T1 140 - - 3.200 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.398 Tons
T2 140 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.323 Tons
T3 18 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.042 Tons
T4 18 - - 3.800 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.061 Tons
Top Rebar Wall 150 - - - 10.703 - - - 12.000 0.150 7850.000 0.133 Tons
Extra Rebar Diagonal 72 - - 0.600 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.038 Tons
Horizontal - - - 70.282 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.062 Tons
2
Prestressing work - - - - 335.752 - - - - - - 335.752 m
II. 2nd Floor
2.1. Band Beam
2
Formwork B (450x2500) 5 0.450 2.500 10.400 26.000 25.800 - - - - - 155.800 m
2
B (450x2950) 1 0.450 2.950 10.400 30.680 26.700 - - - - - 36.020 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.450 - - 160.680 - - - - - - 32.136 m
Longitudinal rebar B (450x2500) 130 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 2.134 Tons
 B (450x2950) 30 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 0.492 Tons
Shear Rebar B (450x2500) 43 - - 6.000 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.229 Tons
B (450x2950) 43 - - 6.500 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.248 Tons
Face Rebar B (450x2500) 20 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.185 Tons
B (450x2950) 4 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.037 Tons
2.2. Slab
2
Formwork - 0.250 - - 336.816 95.000 1.064 10.009 - - - 201.324 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.250 - - 335.752 - - - - - - 83.938 m
Bottom Rebar 2015 - - - 335.752 - - - 12.000 0.450 7850.000 1.789 Tons
Top Rebar T1 140 - - 3.200 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.398 Tons
T2 140 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.323 Tons
T3 18 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.042 Tons
T4 18 - - 3.800 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.061 Tons
Top Rebar Wall 150 - - - 10.703 - - - 12.000 0.150 7850.000 0.133 Tons
Extra Rebar Diagonal 72 - - 0.600 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.038 Tons
Horizontal - - - 70.282 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.062 Tons
2
Prestressing work - - - - 335.752 - - - - - - 335.752 m
III. 3rd Floor
3.1. Band Beam
2
Formwork B (450x2500) 5 0.450 2.500 10.400 26.000 25.800 - - - - - 155.800 m
2
B (450x2950) 1 0.450 2.950 10.400 30.680 26.700 - - - - - 36.020 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.450 - - 160.680 - - - - - - 32.136 m
Longitudinal rebar B (450x2500) 130 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 2.134 Tons
B (450x2950) 30 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 0.492 Tons
Shear Rebar B (450x2500) 43 - - 6.000 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.229 Tons
B (450x2950) 43 - - 6.500 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.248 Tons
Face Rebar B (450x2500) 20 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.185 Tons
B (450x2950) 4 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.037 Tons
3.2. Slab
2
Formwork - 0.250 - - 336.816 95.000 1.064 10.009 - - - 201.324 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.250 - - 335.752 - - - - - - 83.938 m
Bottom Rebar 2015 - - - 335.752 - - - 12.000 0.450 7850.000 1.789 Tons
Top Rebar T1 140 - - 3.200 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.398 Tons
T2 140 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.323 Tons
 T3 18 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.042 Tons
T4 18 - - 3.800 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.061 Tons
Top Rebar Wall 150 - - - 10.703 - - - 12.000 0.150 7850.000 0.133 Tons
Extra Rebar Diagonal 72 - - 0.600 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.038 Tons
Horizontal - - - 70.282 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.062 Tons
2
Prestressing work - - - - 335.752 - - - - - - 335.752 m
IV. 4th Floor
4.1. Band Beam
2
Formwork B (450x2500) 5 0.450 2.500 10.400 26.000 25.800 - - - - - 155.800 m
2
B (450x2950) 1 0.450 2.950 10.400 30.680 26.700 - - - - - 36.020 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.450 - - 160.680 - - - - - - 32.136 m
Longitudinal rebar B (450x2500) 130 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 2.134 Tons
B (450x2950) 30 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 0.492 Tons
Shear Rebar B (450x2500) 43 - - 6.000 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.229 Tons
B (450x2950) 43 - - 6.500 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.248 Tons
Face Rebar B (450x2500) 20 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.185 Tons
B (450x2950) 4 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.037 Tons
4.2. Slab
2
Formwork - 0.250 - - 336.816 95.000 1.064 10.009 - - - 201.324 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.250 - - 335.752 - - - - - - 83.938 m
Bottom Rebar 2015 - - - 335.752 - - - 12.000 0.450 7850.000 1.789 Tons
Top Rebar T1 140 - - 3.200 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.398 Tons
T2 140 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.323 Tons
T3 18 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.042 Tons
T4 18 - - 3.800 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.061 Tons
Top Rebar Wall 150 - - - 10.703 - - - 12.000 0.150 7850.000 0.133 Tons
Extra Rebar Diagonal 72 - - 0.600 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.038 Tons
Horizontal - - - 70.282 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.062 Tons
2
Prestressing work - - - - 335.752 - - - - - - 335.752 m
V. 5th Floor
5.1. Band Beam
2
Formwork B (450x2500) 5 0.450 2.500 10.400 26.000 25.800 - - - - - 155.800 m
2
B (450x2950) 1 0.450 2.950 10.400 30.680 26.700 - - - - - 36.020 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.450 - - 160.680 - - - - - - 32.136 m
Longitudinal rebar B (450x2500) 130 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 2.134 Tons
B (450x2950) 30 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 0.492 Tons
Shear Rebar B (450x2500) 43 - - 6.000 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.229 Tons
B (450x2950) 43 - - 6.500 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.248 Tons
Face Rebar B (450x2500) 20 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.185 Tons
B (450x2950) 4 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.037 Tons
5.2. Slab
2
Formwork - 0.250 - - 336.816 95.000 1.064 10.009 - - - 201.324 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.250 - - 335.752 - - - - - - 83.938 m
Bottom Rebar 2015 - - - 335.752 - - - 12.000 0.450 7850.000 1.789 Tons
Top Rebar T1 140 - - 3.200 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.398 Tons
T2 140 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.323 Tons
T3 18 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.042 Tons
T4 18 - - 3.800 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.061 Tons
Top Rebar Wall 150 - - - 10.703 - - - 12.000 0.150 7850.000 0.133 Tons
Extra Rebar Diagonal 72 - - 0.600 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.038 Tons
Horizontal - - - 70.282 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.062 Tons
2
Prestressing work - - - - 335.752 - - - - - - 335.752 m
VI. 6th Floor
6.1. Band Beam
2
Formwork B (450x2500) 5 0.450 2.500 10.400 26.000 25.800 - - - - - 155.800 m
2
B (450x2950) 1 0.450 2.950 10.400 30.680 26.700 - - - - - 36.020 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.450 - - 160.680 - - - - - - 32.136 m
Longitudinal rebar B (450x2500) 130 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 2.134 Tons
B (450x2950) 30 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 0.492 Tons
Shear Rebar B (450x2500) 43 - - 6.000 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.229 Tons
B (450x2950) 43 - - 6.500 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.248 Tons
Face Rebar B (450x2500) 20 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.185 Tons
B (450x2950) 4 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.037 Tons
6.2. Slab
2
Formwork - 0.250 - - 336.816 95.000 1.064 10.009 - - - 201.324 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.250 - - 335.752 - - - - - - 83.938 m
Bottom Rebar 2015 - - - 335.752 - - - 12.000 0.450 7850.000 1.789 Tons
Top Rebar T1 140 - - 3.200 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.398 Tons
 T2 140 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.323 Tons
T3 18 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.042 Tons
T4 18 - - 3.800 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.061 Tons
Top Rebar Wall 150 - - - 10.703 - - - 12.000 0.150 7850.000 0.133 Tons
Extra Rebar Diagonal 72 - - 0.600 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.038 Tons
Horizontal - - - 70.282 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.062 Tons
2
Prestressing work - - - - 335.752 - - - - - - 335.752 m
VII. 7th Floor
7.1. Band Beam
2
Formwork B (450x2500) 5 0.450 2.500 10.400 26.000 25.800 - - - - - 155.800 m
2
B (450x2950) 1 0.450 2.950 10.400 30.680 26.700 - - - - - 36.020 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.450 - - 160.680 - - - - - - 32.136 m
Longitudinal rebar B (450x2500) 130 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 2.134 Tons
B (450x2950) 30 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 0.492 Tons
Shear Rebar B (450x2500) 43 - - 6.000 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.229 Tons
B (450x2950) 43 - - 6.500 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.248 Tons
Face Rebar B (450x2500) 20 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.185 Tons
B (450x2950) 4 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.037 Tons
7.2. Slab
2
Formwork - 0.250 - - 336.816 95.000 1.064 10.009 - - - 201.324 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.250 - - 335.752 - - - - - - 83.938 m
Bottom Rebar 2015 - - - 335.752 - - - 12.000 0.450 7850.000 1.789 Tons
Top Rebar T1 140 - - 3.200 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.398 Tons
T2 140 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.323 Tons
T3 18 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.042 Tons
T4 18 - - 3.800 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.061 Tons
Top Rebar Wall 150 - - - 10.703 - - - 12.000 0.150 7850.000 0.133 Tons
Extra Rebar Diagonal 72 - - 0.600 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.038 Tons
Horizontal - - - 70.282 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.062 Tons
2
Prestressing work - - - - 335.752 - - - - - - 335.752 m
VIII. 8th Floor
8.1. Band Beam
2
Formwork B (450x2500) 5 0.450 2.500 10.400 26.000 25.800 - - - - - 155.800 m
2
B (450x2950) 1 0.450 2.950 10.400 30.680 26.700 - - - - - 36.020 m
 3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.450 - - 160.680 - - - - - - 32.136 m
Longitudinal rebar B (450x2500) 130 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 2.134 Tons
B (450x2950) 30 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 0.492 Tons
Shear Rebar B (450x2500) 43 - - 6.000 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.229 Tons
B (450x2950) 43 - - 6.500 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.248 Tons
Face Rebar B (450x2500) 20 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.185 Tons
B (450x2950) 4 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.037 Tons
8.2. Slab
2
Formwork - 0.250 - - 336.816 95.000 1.064 10.009 - - - 201.324 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.250 - - 335.752 - - - - - - 83.938 m
Bottom Rebar 2015 - - - 335.752 - - - 12.000 0.450 7850.000 1.789 Tons
Top Rebar T1 140 - - 3.200 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.398 Tons
T2 140 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.323 Tons
T3 18 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.042 Tons
T4 18 - - 3.800 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.061 Tons
Top Rebar Wall 150 - - - 10.703 - - - 12.000 0.150 7850.000 0.133 Tons
Extra Rebar Diagonal 72 - - 0.600 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.038 Tons
Horizontal - - - 70.282 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.062 Tons
2
Prestressing work - - - - 335.752 - - - - - - 335.752 m
IX. 9th Floor
9.1. Band Beam
2
Formwork B (450x2500) 5 0.450 2.500 10.400 26.000 25.800 - - - - - 155.800 m
2
B (450x2950) 1 0.450 2.950 10.400 30.680 26.700 - - - - - 36.020 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.450 - - 160.680 - - - - - - 32.136 m
Longitudinal rebar B (450x2500) 130 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 2.134 Tons
B (450x2950) 30 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 0.492 Tons
Shear Rebar B (450x2500) 43 - - 6.000 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.229 Tons
B (450x2950) 43 - - 6.500 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.248 Tons
Face Rebar B (450x2500) 20 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.185 Tons
B (450x2950) 4 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.037 Tons
9.2. Slab
2
Formwork - 0.250 - - 336.816 95.000 1.064 10.009 - - - 201.324 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.250 - - 335.752 - - - - - - 83.938 m
Bottom Rebar 2015 - - - 335.752 - - - 12.000 0.450 7850.000 1.789 Tons
Top Rebar T1 140 - - 3.200 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.398 Tons
T2 140 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.323 Tons
T3 18 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.042 Tons
T4 18 - - 3.800 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.061 Tons
Top Rebar Wall 150 - - - 10.703 - - - 12.000 0.150 7850.000 0.133 Tons
Extra Rebar Diagonal 72 - - 0.600 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.038 Tons
Horizontal - - - 70.282 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.062 Tons
2
Prestressing work - - - - 335.752 - - - - - - 335.752 m
X. 10th Floor
10.1. Band Beam
2
Formwork B (450x2500) 5 0.450 2.500 10.400 26.000 25.800 - - - - - 155.800 m
2
B (450x2950) 1 0.450 2.950 10.400 30.680 26.700 - - - - - 36.020 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.450 - - 160.680 - - - - - - 32.136 m
Longitudinal rebar B (450x2500) 130 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 2.134 Tons
B (450x2950) 30 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 0.492 Tons
Shear Rebar B (450x2500) 43 - - 6.000 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.229 Tons
B (450x2950) 43 - - 6.500 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.248 Tons
Face Rebar B (450x2500) 20 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.185 Tons
B (450x2950) 4 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.037 Tons
10.2. Slab
2
Formwork - 0.250 - - 336.816 95.000 1.064 10.009 - - - 201.324 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.250 - - 335.752 - - - - - - 83.938 m
Bottom Rebar 2015 - - - 335.752 - - - 12.000 0.450 7850.000 1.789 Tons
Top Rebar T1 140 - - 3.200 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.398 Tons
T2 140 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.323 Tons
T3 18 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.042 Tons
T4 18 - - 3.800 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.061 Tons
Top Rebar Wall 150 - - - 10.703 - - - 12.000 0.150 7850.000 0.133 Tons
Extra Rebar Diagonal 72 - - 0.600 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.038 Tons
Horizontal - - - 70.282 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.062 Tons
2
Prestressing work - - - - 335.752 - - - - - - 335.752 m
XI. 11th Floor
11.1. Band Beam
2
Formwork B (450x2500) 5 0.450 2.500 10.400 26.000 25.800 - - - - - 155.800 m
 2
B (450x2950) 1 0.450 2.950 10.400 30.680 26.700 - - - - - 36.020 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.450 - - 160.680 - - - - - - 32.136 m
Longitudinal rebar B (450x2500) 130 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 2.134 Tons
B (450x2950) 30 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 0.492 Tons
Shear Rebar B (450x2500) 43 - - 6.000 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.229 Tons
B (450x2950) 43 - - 6.500 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.248 Tons
Face Rebar B (450x2500) 20 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.185 Tons
B (450x2950) 4 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.037 Tons
11.2. Slab
2
Formwork - 0.250 - - 336.816 95.000 1.064 10.009 - - - 201.324 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.250 - - 335.752 - - - - - - 83.938 m
Bottom Rebar 2015 - - - 335.752 - - - 12.000 0.450 7850.000 1.789 Tons
Top Rebar T1 140 - - 3.200 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.398 Tons
T2 140 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.100 7850.000 0.323 Tons
T3 18 - - 2.600 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.042 Tons
T4 18 - - 3.800 - - - - 12.000 0.180 7850.000 0.061 Tons
Top Rebar Wall 150 - - - 10.703 - - - 12.000 0.150 7850.000 0.133 Tons
Extra Rebar Diagonal 72 - - 0.600 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.038 Tons
Horizontal - - - 70.282 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.062 Tons
2
Prestressing work - - - - 335.752 - - - - - - 335.752 m
XII. Roof Floor
12.1. Band Beam
2
Formwork B (450x2500) 5 0.450 2.500 10.400 26.000 25.800 - - - - - 155.800 m
2
B (450x950) 1 0.450 0.950 10.400 9.880 22.700 - - - - - 14.420 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.450 - - 139.880 - - - - - - 27.976 m
Longitudinal rebar B (450x2500) 130 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 2.134 Tons
B (450x950) 6 - - 10.400 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 0.098 Tons
Shear Rebar B (450x2500) 43 - - 6.000 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.229 Tons
B (450x950) 43 - - 2.060 - - - - 12.000 0.250 7850.000 0.079 Tons
Face Rebar B (450x2500) 20 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.185 Tons
B (450x950) 2 - - 10.400 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.018 Tons
12.2. Slab
2
Formwork - 0.250 - - 265.002 71.916 0.864 7.909 - - - 144.214 m
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) - 0.250 - - 264.138 - - - - - - 66.034 m
Bottom Rebar 1585 - - - 264.138 - - - 12.000 0.450 7850.000 1.407 Tons
Top Rebar Column 108 - - 1.500 - - - - 16.000 0.100 7850.000 0.256 Tons
Column 24 - - 3.000 - - - - 16.000 0.200 7850.000 0.114 Tons
Wall 344 - - - 34.409 - - - 12.000 0.200 7850.000 0.305 Tons
Extra Rebar Diagonal 16 - - 0.600 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.009 Tons
Horizontal - - - 26.419 - - - - 12.000 - 7850.000 0.023 Tons
2
Prestressing work - - - - 264.138 - - - - - - 264.138 m
 LABOUR, MATERIAL, & EQUIPMENT
Description Qty Unit Unity Total Materials Unity Unit Total Unit Price Total Price Equipment Unity Unit Total Unit Price Total Price Code Page
(p.d) USD/Unit USD USD/Unit USD
[1] [2] [1]x[2] [3] [1]x[3] [4] [1]x[4]
I. 1st Floor H=3.95m
1.1. Slab
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.902 715.000 2075.205 Welding machine 23 kW 1.123 d 3.195 20.000 63.909
Wire tie 14.280 kg 40.633 1.500 60.950 Hanger machine 5kW 0.320 d 0.911 45.000 40.975
Reinforcement DB12 2.845 Tons 10.91 31.044 AF,617 71
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.040 d 0.114 120.000 13.658
Other materials 2.000 % 2.371
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 86.036 81.000 6968.944 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 7.974 15.000 119.612
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 83.938 m 2.48 208.166 Other materials 1.000 % 69.689 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 7.470 30.000 224.114 AF,124 89
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 9.233 120.000 1107.980
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.594 455.000 725.491
3
Shimming 0.001 m 0.225 455.000 102.595
2 3
Formwork 201.324 m 0.270 54.257 Prop 0.007 m 1.345 455.000 611.904 AF,81150 77
Nail 0.081 kg 16.207 1.500 24.310
Other materials 1.000 % 14.643
2
Prestressing Work 335.752 m - - Prestressing 1 - 335.752 15.500 5204.150
1.2. Band Beam
DB12 1.020 Tons 0.713 715.000 509.634 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 0.792 20.000 15.835
DB12 0.699 Tons 10.04 7.016 Wire tie 14.280 kg 9.979 1.500 14.968 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.224 45.000 10.063 AF,615 66
Soldering wire 4.700 kg 3.284 4 13.137
Reinforcement
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.679 715.000 1915.398 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 2.976 20.000 59.513
DB16 2.626 Tons 10.04 26.369 Wire tie 14.280 kg 37.504 1.500 56.256 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.840 45.000 37.819 AF,615 66
Soldering wire 4.700 kg 12.344 4 49.375
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 32.939 81.000 2668.091 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 3.053 15.000 45.794
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 32.136 m 3.56 114.404 Other materials 1.000 % 26.681 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 2.860 30.000 85.803 AF,123 88
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 3.535 120.000 424.195
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.519 455.000 691.243
3
Shimming 0.002 m 0.363 455.000 164.956
2 3
Formwork 191.82 m 0.344 65.948 Prop 0.010 m 1.836 455.000 835.251 AF,811 75
Nail 0.143 kg 27.411 1.500 41.117
Other materials 1.000 % 17.326
II. 2nd Floor H=7.9m
2.1. Slab
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.902 715.000 2075.205 Welding machine 23 kW 1.123 d 3.195 20.000 63.909
Wire tie 14.280 kg 40.633 1.500 60.950 Hanger machine 5kW 0.320 d 0.911 45.000 40.975
Reinforcement DB12 2.845 Tons 10.91 31.044 AF,617 71
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.040 d 0.114 120.000 13.658
Other materials 2.000 % 2.371
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 86.036 81.000 6968.944 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 7.974 15.000 119.612
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 83.938 m3 2.48 208.166 Other materials 1.000 % 69.689 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 7.470 30.000 224.114 AF,124 89
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 9.233 120.000 1107.980
3
Wooden formwork 0.008 m 1.594 455.000 725.491
3
Shimming 0.001 m 0.225 455.000 102.595
2 3
Formwork 201.324 m 0.270 54.257 Prop 0.007 m 1.345 455.000 611.904 AF,81150 77
Nail 0.081 kg 16.207 1.500 24.310
 Other materials 1.000 % 14.643
2
Prestressing Work 335.752 m - - Prestressing 1 - 335.752 15.500 5204.150
2.2. Band Beam
DB12 1.020 Tons 0.713 715.000 509.634 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 0.792 20.000 15.835
Wire tie 14.280 kg 9.979 1.500 14.968 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.224 45.000 10.063
DB12 0.699 Tons 10.41 7.274 AF,615 66
Soldering wire 4.700 kg 3.284 4 13.137 Crane 0.8T 0.04 d 0.028 120.000 3.354
Other equipment 2 % 0.585
Reinforcement
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.679 715.000 1915.398 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 2.976 20.000 59.513
Wire tie 14.280 kg 37.504 1.500 56.256 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.840 45.000 37.819
DB16 2.626 Tons 10.41 27.340 AF,615 66
Soldering wire 4.700 kg 12.344 4 49.375 Crane 0.8T 0.04 d 0.105 120.000 12.606
Other equipment 2 % 2.199
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 32.939 81.000 2668.091 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 3.053 15.000 45.794
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 32.136 m 3.56 114.404 Other materials 1.000 % 26.681 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 2.860 30.000 85.803 AF,123 88
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 3.535 120.000 424.195
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.519 455.000 691.243
3
Shimming 0.002 m 0.363 455.000 164.956
2 3
Formwork 191.82 m 0.3438 65.948 Prop 0.010 m 1.836 455.000 835.251 AF,811 75
Nail 0.143 kg 27.411 1.500 41.117
Other materials 1.000 % 17.326
III. 3rd Floor H=11.85m
3.1. Slab
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.902 715.000 2075.205 Welding machine 23 kW 1.123 d 3.195 20.000 63.909
Wire tie 14.280 kg 40.633 1.500 60.950 Hanger machine 5kW 0.320 d 0.911 45.000 40.975
Reinforcement DB12 2.845 Tons 10.91 31.044 AF,617 71
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.040 d 0.114 120.000 13.658
Other materials 2.000 % 2.371
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 86.036 81.000 6968.944 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 7.974 15.000 119.612
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 83.938 m3 2.48 208.166 Other materials 1.000 % 69.689 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 7.470 30.000 224.114 AF,124 89
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 9.233 120.000 1107.980
3
Wooden formwork 0.008 m 1.594 455.000 725.491
3
Shimming 0.001 m 0.225 455.000 102.595
2 3
Formwork 201.324 m 0.270 54.257 Prop 0.007 m 1.345 455.000 611.904 AF,81150 77
Nail 0.081 kg 16.207 1.500 24.310
Other materials 1.000 % 14.643
2
Prestressing Work 335.752 m - - Prestressing 1 - 335.752 15.500 5204.150
3.2. Band Beam
DB12 1.020 Tons 0.713 715.000 509.634 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 0.792 20.000 15.835
Wire tie 14.280 kg 9.979 1.500 14.968 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.224 45.000 10.063
DB12 0.699 Tons 10.41 7.274 AF,615 66
Soldering wire 4.700 kg 3.284 4 13.137 Crane 0.8T 0.04 d 0.028 120.000 3.354
Other equipment 2 % 0.585
Reinforcement
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.679 715.000 1915.398 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 2.976 20.000 59.513
Wire tie 14.280 kg 37.504 1.500 56.256 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.840 45.000 37.819
DB16 2.626 Tons 10.41 27.340 AF,615 66
Soldering wire 4.700 kg 12.344 4 49.375 Crane 0.8T 0.04 d 0.105 120.000 12.606
Other equipment 2 % 2.199
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 32.939 81.000 2668.091 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 3.053 15.000 45.794
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 32.136 m 3.56 114.404 Other materials 1.000 % 26.681 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 2.860 30.000 85.803 AF,123 88
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 3.535 120.000 424.195
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.519 455.000 691.243
3
Shimming 0.002 m 0.363 455.000 164.956
Formwork 191.82 m2 0.3438 65.948 Prop 0.010 m3 1.836 455.000 835.251 AF,811 75
Nail 0.143 kg 27.411 1.500 41.117
Other materials 1.000 % 17.326
IV. 4th Floor H=15.8m
4.1. Slab
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.902 715.000 2075.205 Welding machine 23 kW 1.123 d 3.195 20.000 63.909
Wire tie 14.280 kg 40.633 1.500 60.950 Hanger machine 5kW 0.320 d 0.911 45.000 40.975
Reinforcement DB12 2.845 Tons 10.91 31.044 AF,617 71
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.040 d 0.114 120.000 13.658
Other materials 2.000 % 2.371
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 86.036 81.000 6968.944 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 7.974 15.000 119.612
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 83.938 m3 2.48 208.166 Other materials 1.000 % 69.689 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 7.470 30.000 224.114 AF,124 89
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 9.233 120.000 1107.980
3
Wooden formwork 0.008 m 1.594 455.000 725.491
3
Shimming 0.001 m 0.225 455.000 102.595
2 3
Formwork 201.324 m 0.270 54.257 Prop 0.007 m 1.345 455.000 611.904 AF,81150 77
Nail 0.081 kg 16.207 1.500 24.310
Other materials 1.000 % 14.643
2
Prestressing Work 335.752 m - - Prestressing 1 - 335.752 15.500 5204.150
4.2. Band Beam
DB12 1.020 Tons 0.713 715.000 509.634 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 0.792 20.000 15.835
Wire tie 14.280 kg 9.979 1.500 14.968 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.224 45.000 10.063
DB12 0.699 Tons 10.41 7.274 AF,615 66
Soldering wire 4.700 kg 3.284 4 13.137 Crane 0.8T 0.04 d 0.028 120.000 3.354
Other equipment 2 % 0.585
Reinforcement
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.679 715.000 1915.398 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 2.976 20.000 59.513
Wire tie 14.280 kg 37.504 1.500 56.256 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.840 45.000 37.819
DB16 2.626 Tons 10.41 27.340 AF,615 66
Soldering wire 4.700 kg 12.344 4 49.375 Crane 0.8T 0.04 d 0.105 120.000 12.606
Other equipment 2 % 2.199
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 32.939 81.000 2668.091 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 3.053 15.000 45.794
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 32.136 m 3.56 114.404 Other materials 1.000 % 26.681 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 2.860 30.000 85.803 AF,123 88
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 3.535 120.000 424.195
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.519 455.000 691.243
3
Shimming 0.002 m 0.363 455.000 164.956
2 3
Formwork 191.82 m 0.3438 65.948 Prop 0.010 m 1.836 455.000 835.251 AF,811 75
Nail 0.143 kg 27.411 1.500 41.117
Other materials 1.000 % 17.326
V. 5th Floor H=19.75m
5.1. Slab
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.902 715.000 2075.205 Welding machine 23 kW 1.123 d 3.195 20.000 63.909
Wire tie 14.280 kg 40.633 1.500 60.950 Hanger machine 5kW 0.320 d 0.911 45.000 40.975
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.040 d 0.114 120.000 13.658
Reinforcement DB12 2.845 Tons 12 34.146 AF,617 71
Construction elevator 0.030 d 0.085 70.000 5.975
Crane 25T 0.030 d 0.085 200.000 17.073
Other materials 2.000 % 2.832
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 86.036 81.000 6968.944 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 7.974 15.000 119.612
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 83.938 m 2.48 208.166 Other materials 1.000 % 69.689 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 7.470 30.000 224.114 AF,124 89
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 9.233 120.000 1107.980
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.594 455.000 725.491
3
Shimming 0.001 m 0.225 455.000 102.595
Formwork 201.324 m2 0.270 54.257 Prop 0.007 m3 1.345 455.000 611.904 AF,81150 77
Nail 0.081 kg 16.207 1.500 24.310
Other materials 1.000 % 14.643
2
Prestressing Work 335.752 m - - Prestressing 1 - 335.752 15.500 5204.150
5.2. Band Beam
DB12 1.020 Tons 0.713 715.000 509.634 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 0.792 20.000 15.835
Wire tie 14.280 kg 9.979 1.500 14.968 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.224 45.000 10.063
DB12 0.699 Tons 11.45 8.001 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 3.284 4 13.137 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.017 70.000 1.223 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.017 200.000 3.494
Other equipment 2 % 0.612
Reinforcement
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.679 715.000 1915.398 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 2.976 20.000 59.513
Wire tie 14.280 kg 37.504 1.500 56.256 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.840 45.000 37.819
DB16 2.626 Tons 11.45 30.072 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 12.344 4 49.375 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.066 70.000 4.596 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.066 200.000 13.132
Other equipment 2 % 2.301
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 32.939 81.000 2668.091 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 3.053 15.000 45.794
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 32.136 m 3.56 114.404 Other materials 1.000 % 26.681 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 2.860 30.000 85.803 AF,123 88
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 3.535 120.000 424.195
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.519 455.000 691.243
3
Shimming 0.002 m 0.363 455.000 164.956
2 3
Formwork 191.82 m 0.3438 65.948 Prop 0.010 m 1.836 455.000 835.251 AF,811 75
Nail 0.143 kg 27.411 1.500 41.117
Other materials 1.000 % 17.326
VI. 6th Floor H=23.7m
6.1. Slab
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.902 715.000 2075.205 Welding machine 23 kW 1.123 d 3.195 20.000 63.909
Wire tie 14.280 kg 40.633 1.500 60.950 Hanger machine 5kW 0.320 d 0.911 45.000 40.975
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.040 d 0.114 120.000 13.658
Reinforcement DB12 2.845 Tons 12 34.146 AF,617 71
Construction elevator 0.030 d 0.085 70.000 5.975
Crane 25T 0.030 d 0.085 200.000 17.073
Other materials 2.000 % 2.832
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 86.036 81.000 6968.944 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 7.974 15.000 119.612
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 83.938 m 2.48 208.166 Other materials 1.000 % 69.689 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 7.470 30.000 224.114 AF,124 89
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 9.233 120.000 1107.980
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.594 455.000 725.491
3
Shimming 0.001 m 0.225 455.000 102.595
2 3
Formwork 201.324 m 0.270 54.257 Prop 0.007 m 1.345 455.000 611.904 AF,81150 77
Nail 0.081 kg 16.207 1.500 24.310
Other materials 1.000 % 14.643
2
Prestressing Work 335.752 m - - Prestressing 1 - 335.752 15.500 5204.150
6.2. Band Beam
DB12 1.020 Tons 0.713 715.000 509.634 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 0.792 20.000 15.835
Wire tie 14.280 kg 9.979 1.500 14.968 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.224 45.000 10.063
DB12 0.699 Tons 11.45 8.001 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 3.284 4 13.137 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.017 70.000 1.223 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.017 200.000 3.494
Other equipment 2 % 0.612
Reinforcement
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.679 715.000 1915.398 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 2.976 20.000 59.513
Wire tie 14.280 kg 37.504 1.500 56.256 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.840 45.000 37.819
 DB16 2.626 Tons 11.45 30.072 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 12.344 4 49.375 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.066 70.000 4.596 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.066 200.000 13.132
Other equipment 2 % 2.301
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 32.939 81.000 2668.091 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 3.053 15.000 45.794
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 32.136 m 3.56 114.404 Other materials 1.000 % 26.681 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 2.860 30.000 85.803 AF,123 88
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 3.535 120.000 424.195
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.519 455.000 691.243
3
Shimming 0.002 m 0.363 455.000 164.956
2 3
Formwork 191.82 m 0.3438 65.948 Prop 0.010 m 1.836 455.000 835.251 AF,811 75
Nail 0.143 kg 27.411 1.500 41.117
Other materials 1.000 % 17.326
VII. 7th Floor H=27.65m
7.1. Slab
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.902 715.000 2075.205 Welding machine 23 kW 1.123 d 3.195 20.000 63.909
Wire tie 14.280 kg 40.633 1.500 60.950 Hanger machine 5kW 0.320 d 0.911 45.000 40.975
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.040 d 0.114 120.000 13.658
Reinforcement DB12 2.845 Tons 12 34.146 AF,617 71
Construction elevator 0.030 d 0.085 70.000 5.975
Crane 25T 0.030 d 0.085 200.000 17.073
Other materials 2.000 % 2.832
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 86.036 81.000 6968.944 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 7.974 15.000 119.612
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 83.938 m 2.48 208.166 Other materials 1.000 % 69.689 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 7.470 30.000 224.114 AF,124 89
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 9.233 120.000 1107.980
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.594 455.000 725.491
3
Shimming 0.001 m 0.225 455.000 102.595
2 3
Formwork 201.324 m 0.270 54.257 Prop 0.007 m 1.345 455.000 611.904 AF,81150 77
Nail 0.081 kg 16.207 1.500 24.310
Other materials 1.000 % 14.643
2
Prestressing Work 335.752 m - - Prestressing 1 - 335.752 15.500 5204.150
7.2. Band Beam
DB12 1.020 Tons 0.713 715.000 509.634 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 0.792 20.000 15.835
Wire tie 14.280 kg 9.979 1.500 14.968 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.224 45.000 10.063
DB12 0.699 Tons 11.45 8.001 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 3.284 4 13.137 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.017 70.000 1.223 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.017 200.000 3.494
Other equipment 2 % 0.612
Reinforcement
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.679 715.000 1915.398 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 2.976 20.000 59.513
Wire tie 14.280 kg 37.504 1.500 56.256 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.840 45.000 37.819
DB16 2.626 Tons 11.45 30.072 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 12.344 4 49.375 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.066 70.000 4.596 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.066 200.000 13.132
Other equipment 2 % 2.301
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 32.939 81.000 2668.091 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 3.053 15.000 45.794
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 32.136 m 3.56 114.404 Other materials 1.000 % 26.681 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 2.860 30.000 85.803 AF,123 88
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 3.535 120.000 424.195
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.519 455.000 691.243
3
Shimming 0.002 m 0.363 455.000 164.956
2 3
Formwork 191.82 m 0.3438 65.948 Prop 0.010 m 1.836 455.000 835.251 AF,811 75
Nail 0.143 kg 27.411 1.500 41.117
Other materials 1.000 % 17.326
VIII. 8th Floor H=31.6m
8.1. Slab
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.902 715.000 2075.205 Welding machine 23 kW 1.123 d 3.195 20.000 63.909
Wire tie 14.280 kg 40.633 1.500 60.950 Hanger machine 5kW 0.320 d 0.911 45.000 40.975
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.040 d 0.114 120.000 13.658
Reinforcement DB12 2.845 Tons 12 34.146 AF,617 71
Construction elevator 0.030 d 0.085 70.000 5.975
Crane 25T 0.030 d 0.085 200.000 17.073
Other materials 2.000 % 2.832
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 86.036 81.000 6968.944 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 7.974 15.000 119.612
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 83.938 m 2.48 208.166 Other materials 1.000 % 69.689 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 7.470 30.000 224.114 AF,124 89
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 9.233 120.000 1107.980
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.594 455.000 725.491
3
Shimming 0.001 m 0.225 455.000 102.595
2 3
Formwork 201.324 m 0.270 54.257 Prop 0.007 m 1.345 455.000 611.904 AF,81150 77
Nail 0.081 kg 16.207 1.500 24.310
Other materials 1.000 % 14.643
2
Prestressing Work 335.752 m - - Prestressing 1 - 335.752 15.500 5204.150
8.2. Band Beam
DB12 1.020 Tons 0.713 715.000 509.634 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 0.792 20.000 15.835
Wire tie 14.280 kg 9.979 1.500 14.968 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.224 45.000 10.063
DB12 0.699 Tons 11.45 8.001 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 3.284 4 13.137 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.017 70.000 1.223 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.017 200.000 3.494
Other equipment 2 % 0.612
Reinforcement
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.679 715.000 1915.398 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 2.976 20.000 59.513
Wire tie 14.280 kg 37.504 1.500 56.256 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.840 45.000 37.819
DB16 2.626 Tons 11.45 30.072 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 12.344 4 49.375 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.066 70.000 4.596 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.066 200.000 13.132
Other equipment 2 % 2.301
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 32.939 81.000 2668.091 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 3.053 15.000 45.794
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 32.136 m 3.56 114.404 Other materials 1.000 % 26.681 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 2.860 30.000 85.803 AF,123 88
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 3.535 120.000 424.195
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.519 455.000 691.243
3
Shimming 0.002 m 0.363 455.000 164.956
2 3
Formwork 191.82 m 0.3438 65.948 Prop 0.010 m 1.836 455.000 835.251 AF,811 75
Nail 0.143 kg 27.411 1.500 41.117
Other materials 1.000 % 17.326
IX. 9th Floor H=35.55m
9.1. Slab
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.902 715.000 2075.205 Welding machine 23 kW 1.123 d 3.195 20.000 63.909
Wire tie 14.280 kg 40.633 1.500 60.950 Hanger machine 5kW 0.320 d 0.911 45.000 40.975
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.040 d 0.114 120.000 13.658
Reinforcement DB12 2.845 Tons 12 34.146 AF,617 71
Construction elevator 0.030 d 0.085 70.000 5.975
Crane 25T 0.030 d 0.085 200.000 17.073
Other materials 2.000 % 2.832
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 86.036 81.000 6968.944 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 7.974 15.000 119.612
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 83.938 m 2.48 208.166 Other materials 1.000 % 69.689 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 7.470 30.000 224.114 AF,124 89
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 9.233 120.000 1107.980
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.594 455.000 725.491
3
Shimming 0.001 m 0.225 455.000 102.595
Formwork 201.324 m2 0.270 54.257 Prop 0.007 m3 1.345 455.000 611.904 AF,81150 77
Nail 0.081 kg 16.207 1.500 24.310
Other materials 1.000 % 14.643
2
Prestressing Work 335.752 m - - Prestressing 1 - 335.752 15.500 5204.150
9.2. Band Beam
DB12 1.020 Tons 0.713 715.000 509.634 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 0.792 20.000 15.835
Wire tie 14.280 kg 9.979 1.500 14.968 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.224 45.000 10.063
DB12 0.699 Tons 11.45 8.001 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 3.284 4 13.137 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.017 70.000 1.223 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.017 200.000 3.494
Other equipment 2 % 0.612
Reinforcement
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.679 715.000 1915.398 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 2.976 20.000 59.513
Wire tie 14.280 kg 37.504 1.500 56.256 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.840 45.000 37.819
DB16 2.626 Tons 11.45 30.072 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 12.344 4 49.375 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.066 70.000 4.596 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.066 200.000 13.132
Other equipment 2 % 2.301
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 32.939 81.000 2668.091 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 3.053 15.000 45.794
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 32.136 m 3.56 114.404 Other materials 1.000 % 26.681 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 2.860 30.000 85.803 AF,123 88
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 3.535 120.000 424.195
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.519 455.000 691.243
3
Shimming 0.002 m 0.363 455.000 164.956
2 3
Formwork 191.82 m 0.3438 65.948 Prop 0.010 m 1.836 455.000 835.251 AF,811 75
Nail 0.143 kg 27.411 1.500 41.117
Other materials 1.000 % 17.326
X. 10th Floor H=39.5m
10.1. Slab
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.902 715.000 2075.205 Welding machine 23 kW 1.123 d 3.195 20.000 63.909
Wire tie 14.280 kg 40.633 1.500 60.950 Hanger machine 5kW 0.320 d 0.911 45.000 40.975
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.040 d 0.114 120.000 13.658
Reinforcement DB12 2.845 Tons 12 34.146 AF,617 71
Construction elevator 0.030 d 0.085 70.000 5.975
Crane 25T 0.030 d 0.085 200.000 17.073
Other materials 2.000 % 2.832
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 86.036 81.000 6968.944 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 7.974 15.000 119.612
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 83.938 m 2.48 208.166 Other materials 1.000 % 69.689 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 7.470 30.000 224.114 AF,124 89
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 9.233 120.000 1107.980
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.594 455.000 725.491
3
Shimming 0.001 m 0.225 455.000 102.595
2 3
Formwork 201.324 m 0.270 54.257 Prop 0.007 m 1.345 455.000 611.904 AF,81150 77
Nail 0.081 kg 16.207 1.500 24.310
Other materials 1.000 % 14.643
2
Prestressing Work 335.752 m - - Prestressing 1 - 335.752 15.500 5204.150
10.2. Band Beam
DB12 1.020 Tons 0.713 715.000 509.634 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 0.792 20.000 15.835
Wire tie 14.280 kg 9.979 1.500 14.968 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.224 45.000 10.063
DB12 0.699 Tons 11.45 8.001 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 3.284 4 13.137 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.017 70.000 1.223 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.017 200.000 3.494
Other equipment 2 % 0.612
Reinforcement
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.679 715.000 1915.398 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 2.976 20.000 59.513
Wire tie 14.280 kg 37.504 1.500 56.256 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.840 45.000 37.819
 DB16 2.626 Tons 11.45 30.072 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 12.344 4 49.375 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.066 70.000 4.596 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.066 200.000 13.132
Other equipment 2 % 2.301
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 32.939 81.000 2668.091 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 3.053 15.000 45.794
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 32.136 m 3.56 114.404 Other materials 1.000 % 26.681 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 2.860 30.000 85.803 AF,123 88
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 3.535 120.000 424.195
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.519 455.000 691.243
3
Shimming 0.002 m 0.363 455.000 164.956
2 3
Formwork 191.82 m 0.3438 65.948 Prop 0.010 m 1.836 455.000 835.251 AF,811 75
Nail 0.143 kg 27.411 1.500 41.117
Other materials 1.000 % 17.326
XI. 11th Floor H=43.45m
11.1. Slab
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.902 715.000 2075.205 Welding machine 23 kW 1.123 d 3.195 20.000 63.909
Wire tie 14.280 kg 40.633 1.500 60.950 Hanger machine 5kW 0.320 d 0.911 45.000 40.975
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.040 d 0.114 120.000 13.658
Reinforcement DB12 2.845 Tons 12 34.146 AF,617 71
Construction elevator 0.030 d 0.085 70.000 5.975
Crane 25T 0.030 d 0.085 200.000 17.073
Other materials 2.000 % 2.832
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 86.036 81.000 6968.944 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 7.974 15.000 119.612
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 83.938 m 2.48 208.166 Other materials 1.000 % 69.689 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 7.470 30.000 224.114 AF,124 89
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 9.233 120.000 1107.980
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.594 455.000 725.491
3
Shimming 0.001 m 0.225 455.000 102.595
2 3
Formwork 201.324 m 0.270 54.257 Prop 0.007 m 1.345 455.000 611.904 AF,81150 77
Nail 0.081 kg 16.207 1.500 24.310
Other materials 1.000 % 14.643
2
Prestressing Work 335.752 m - - Prestressing 1 - 335.752 15.500 5204.150
11.2. Band Beam
DB12 1.020 Tons 0.713 715.000 509.634 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 0.792 20.000 15.835
Wire tie 14.280 kg 9.979 1.500 14.968 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.224 45.000 10.063
DB12 0.699 Tons 11.45 8.001 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 3.284 4 13.137 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.017 70.000 1.223 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.017 200.000 3.494
Other equipment 2 % 0.612
Reinforcement
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.679 715.000 1915.398 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 2.976 20.000 59.513
Wire tie 14.280 kg 37.504 1.500 56.256 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.840 45.000 37.819
DB16 2.626 Tons 11.45 30.072 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 12.344 4 49.375 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.066 70.000 4.596 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.066 200.000 13.132
Other equipment 2 % 2.301
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 32.939 81.000 2668.091 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 3.053 15.000 45.794
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 32.136 m 3.56 114.404 Other materials 1.000 % 26.681 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 2.860 30.000 85.803 AF,123 88
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 3.535 120.000 424.195
Wooden formwork 0.008 m3 1.519 455.000 691.243
3
Shimming 0.002 m 0.363 455.000 164.956
2 3
Formwork 191.82 m 0.3438 65.948 Prop 0.010 m 1.836 455.000 835.251 AF,811 75
Nail 0.143 kg 27.411 1.500 41.117
Other materials 1.000 % 17.326
XII. Roof Floor H=47.4m
12.1. Slab
DB16 1.020 Tons 1.779 715.000 1272.264 Welding machine 23 kW 1.123 d 1.959 20.000 39.181
Wire tie 14.280 kg 24.911 1.500 37.367 Hanger machine 5kW 0.320 d 0.558 45.000 25.121
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.040 d 0.070 120.000 8.374
DB12 1.745 Tons 12 20.934 AF,617 71
Construction elevator 0.030 d 0.052 70.000 3.663
Crane 25T 0.030 d 0.052 200.000 10.467
Other materials 2.000 % 1.736
Reinforcement
DB12 1.020 Tons 0.377 715.000 269.353 Welding machine 23 kW 1.123 d 0.415 20.000 8.295
Wire tie 14.280 kg 5.274 1.500 7.911 Hanger machine 5kW 0.320 d 0.118 45.000 5.318
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.040 d 0.015 120.000 1.773
DB16 0.369 Tons 12 4.432 AF,617 71
Construction elevator 0.030 d 0.011 70.000 0.776
Crane 25T 0.030 d 0.011 200.000 2.216
Other materials 2.000 % 0.368
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 67.685 81.000 5482.511 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 7.974 15.000 119.612
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 66.034 m3 2.48 163.765 Other materials 1.000 % 54.825 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 7.470 30.000 224.114 AF,124 89
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 9.233 120.000 1107.980
3
Wooden formwork 0.008 m 1.594 455.000 725.491
3
Shimming 0.001 m 0.225 455.000 102.595
2 3
Formwork 144.214 m 0.270 38.866 Prop 0.007 m 1.345 455.000 611.904 AF,81150 77
Nail 0.081 kg 16.207 1.500 24.310
Other materials 1.000 % 14.643
2
Prestressing Work 264.138 m - - Prestressing 1 - 264.138 15.500 4094.137
12.2. Band Beam
DB12 1.020 Tons 0.521 715.000 372.549 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 0.579 20.000 11.575
Wire tie 14.280 kg 7.295 1.500 10.942 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.163 45.000 7.356
DB12 0.511 Tons 11.45 5.849 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 2.401 4 9.604 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.013 70.000 0.894 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.013 200.000 2.554
Other equipment 2 % 0.448
Reinforcement
DB12 1.020 Tons 2.277 715.000 1628.088 Welding machine 23 kW 1.133 d 2.529 20.000 50.586
Wire tie 14.280 kg 31.879 1.500 47.818 Hanger machine 5kW 0.32 d 0.714 45.000 32.147
DB16 2.232 Tons 11.45 25.561 Soldering wire 4.700 kg 10.492 4 41.969 Construction elevator 0.025 d 0.056 70.000 3.907 AF,615 66
Crane 25T 0.025 d 0.056 200.000 11.162
Other equipment 2 % 1.956
3
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 1.025 m 28.675 81.000 2322.707 Mixing machine 250l 0.095 d 2.658 15.000 39.866
Concrete 35MPa (Cylinder) 27.976 m3 3.56 99.595 Other materials 1.000 % 23.227 Vibrator 1.5W 0.089 d 2.490 30.000 74.696 AF,123 88
Mobile Crane 0.8T 0.110 d 3.077 120.000 369.283
3
Wooden formwork 0.008 m 1.519 455.000 691.243
3
Shimming 0.002 m 0.363 455.000 164.956
2 3
Formwork 170.22 m 0.3438 58.522 Prop 0.010 m 1.836 455.000 835.251 AF,811 75
Nail 0.143 kg 27.411 1.500 41.117
Other materials 1.000 % 17.326

Total Labor 6054.981 Material 270378.558 Equipment 27331.786

 Five Strength Construction and
Investment Co,.Ltd No 14F,
Rd. Street 344, Borey Vimean
Phnom Penh
Sangkat Chrang Chomres,
Khan Russey Keo,Phnom Penh.
COMPANY

Phone : (+855) 015 255 556

Telegram : 015 255 556
E-mail : [email protected]

PROCCES WORK REVISION

EXISTING SLAB
LAYOUT PLAN

4310
3D DESIGN
1390 1425 1495 DETAIL
KEY PLAN :

300 170
1015 CABINET CABINET CABINET 1
1390

DN

3
2
17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
16 PANTRY ROOM
15 BIG OFFICE
SERVER
BIG OFFICE 15SQM

1
14 ROOM BIG OFFICE
20SQM
4380

1600

15SQM
13
12 GARBAGE
11 CHUTE
10
9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1390

UP

EVENT AREA

10400
9460
SOFA AREA

380 1000 200 SCAN CARD ENTRANCE FFL +44.200 DATE : 2024-06-06
1580
ARCHITECTS & LANDSCAPE DESIGNER :
PRINTER
NAME :
SIGNATURE :
RECEPTION COUNTER

PODCAST ROOM PODCAST ROOM PODCAST ROOM LIVE ROOM LIVE ROOM PODCAST ROOM
INTERIOR DESIGNER :
CABINET

2PEOPLE 1PEOPLE

CABINET
2PEOPLE 7PEOPLE 2PEOPLE-5SQM 7PEOPLE
-5SQM
MINI STUDIO
15SQM
MEETING ROOM
NAME :
SIGNATURE :

170 300
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER :
2 NAME :
SIGNATURE :

MEP ENGINEER :
NAME :
SIGNATURE :
4430 5985 6020 5990 6025 5960 3690
38100
PROJECT NAME &LOCATION

H G F E D C B A SIVILAI BUILDING
(13RD FLOOR)

DRAWING NAME :

9TH FLOOR LAYOUT PLAN

9TH FLOOR LAYOUT PLAN
1 SCALE 1:150
DRAWING NUMBER :

DRAWN BY : CHEA LYHUOT

CHECK BY : CHAO RATHA
APPROVE BY : SOK MEAN
SCALE : 1:150
CONSTRUCTION
D:\I5\INTERNSHIP\THESIS\THESIS
DOCUMENT

NOTE :
-THIS DRAWING IS COPYRIGHT. CONTRACTORS /
SUBCONTRACTORS MUST CHECK ALL DIMENSIONS ON SITE
-ONLY FIGURED DIMENSION ARE TO BE WORKED FROM.
DISCREPANCIES MUST BE REPORTED IMMEDIATELY TO THE
ENGINEER FOR CLARIFICATION BEFORE PROCEEDING.
-ALL CONTRACTORS / SUBCONTRACTORS ARE TO SUBMIT ALL
METHOD STATEMENTS AND OVERALL CLEAR DESCRIPTION OF
MATERIALS FOR APPROVAL. MATERIAL SAMPLES ARE TO BE
SUBMITTED FOR APPROVAL SEPARATELY.
 PROJECT No : P009

DESIGN ARCHITECT:

Address #65B1SS, STREET 123, :

TOUL TOM PONG 1, CHAMKA MON,
PHNOM PENH

CONTRACTOR :

DEPUTY CEO

PROJECT MANAGER
Mr.

ARCHITECTS

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

SANITARY ENGINEERS

REVISIONS DATE
REVISED FOUNDATION AS ARC. REVISION 24-11-21
SHIFTED CBP AND MOVE GRID LINE 200 mm 15-12-21

REMOVE COLUMN C3 & SHIFTED BMF WALL 29-12-21

14-02-22

08-06-22

KEY PLAN

9TH FLOOR PT SLAB LAYOUT PLAN

SCALE 1:125

DRAWING TITLE: SCALE

1ST TO 11TH FLOOR SLAB MILD STEEL LP 1:125

DRAWN : Mr.PHO LONGSREANG

SIGNATURE
DESIGN : Mr.PHO LONGSREANG

CHECKED : Mr.TOUCH SOKHENG

APPROVED : Mr.TOUCH SOKHENG

DATE : 27 - 03 - 2023 Page : S-116

PROJECT: KEN OFFICE BUILDING Total : S-146

 PROJECT No : P009

DESIGN ARCHITECT:

Address #65B1SS, STREET 123, :

TOUL TOM PONG 1, CHAMKA MON,
PHNOM PENH

CONTRACTOR :

DEPUTY CEO

GROUND FLOOR BAND BEAM 450Thk. SECTION DETAIL PROJECT MANAGER

SCALE 1:25 Mr.

ARCHITECTS

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

SANITARY ENGINEERS

REVISIONS DATE
REVISED FOUNDATION AS ARC. REVISION 24-11-21
SHIFTED CBP AND MOVE GRID LINE 200 mm 15-12-21

REMOVE COLUMN C3 & SHIFTED BMF WALL 29-12-21

14-02-22

08-06-22

KEY PLAN

2ND TO RF FLOOR BAND BEAM 450Thk. SECTION DETAIL

SCALE 1:25

DRAWING TITLE: SCALE

1ST TO 11TH FLOOR SLAB MILD STEEL LP 1:125

DRAWN : Mr.PHO LONGSREANG

SIGNATURE
DESIGN : Mr.PHO LONGSREANG

CHECKED : Mr.TOUCH SOKHENG

APPROVED : Mr.TOUCH SOKHENG

DATE : 27 - 03 - 2023 Page : S-116

PROJECT: KEN OFFICE BUILDING Total : S-146

 DB12@250
500 DB16@200 500 DB12@250

1560 1560

DB12@450

DB16@200 DB12@200

2500

6000

BAND BEAM DETAILED SECTION PLAN

SCALE: 1/25

190 190

390

390
628 628
190
390

2440
 PROJECT No : P009

DESIGN ARCHITECT:

Address #65B1SS, STREET 123, :

TOUL TOM PONG 1, CHAMKA MON,
PHNOM PENH

CONTRACTOR :

DEPUTY CEO

PROJECT MANAGER
Mr.

ARCHITECTS

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

SANITARY ENGINEERS

REVISIONS DATE
REVISED FOUNDATION AS ARC. REVISION 24-11-21
SHIFTED CBP AND MOVE GRID LINE 200 mm 15-12-21

REMOVE COLUMN C3 & SHIFTED BMF WALL 29-12-21

14-02-22

08-06-22

KEY PLAN

1ST TO 11TH FLOOR SLAB MILD STEEL LAYOUT PLAN

SCALE 1:125

DRAWING TITLE: SCALE

1ST TO ROOF FLOOR SLAB MILD STEEL LP 1:125

DRAWN : Mr.PHO LONGSREANG

SIGNATURE
DESIGN : Mr.PHO LONGSREANG

CHECKED : Mr.TOUCH SOKHENG

APPROVED : Mr.TOUCH SOKHENG

DATE : 27 - 03 - 2023 Page : S-116

PROJECT: KEN OFFICE BUILDING Total : S-146

 PROJECT No : P009

DESIGN ARCHITECT:

Address #65B1SS, STREET 123, :

TOUL TOM PONG 1, CHAMKA MON,
PHNOM PENH

CONTRACTOR :

DEPUTY CEO

PROJECT MANAGER
Mr.

ARCHITECTS

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

SANITARY ENGINEERS

REVISIONS DATE
REVISED FOUNDATION AS ARC. REVISION 24-11-21
SHIFTED CBP AND MOVE GRID LINE 200 mm 15-12-21

REMOVE COLUMN C3 & SHIFTED BMF WALL 29-12-21

14-02-22

08-06-22

KEY PLAN

ROOF FLOOR SLAB MILD STEEL LAYOUT PLAN

SCALE 1:125

DRAWING TITLE: SCALE

ROOF FLOOR SLAB MILD STEEL LP 1:125

DRAWN : Mr.PHO LONGSREANG

SIGNATURE
DESIGN : Mr.PHO LONGSREANG

CHECKED : Mr.TOUCH SOKHENG

APPROVED : Mr.TOUCH SOKHENG

DATE : 27 - 03 - 2023 Page : S-116

PROJECT: KEN OFFICE BUILDING Total : S-146

 PROJECT No : P009

DESIGN ARCHITECT:

Address #65B1SS, STREET 123, :

TOUL TOM PONG 1, CHAMKA MON,
PHNOM PENH

CONTRACTOR :

DEPUTY CEO

PROJECT MANAGER
Mr.

ARCHITECTS

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

SANITARY ENGINEERS

REVISIONS DATE
REVISED FOUNDATION AS ARC. REVISION 24-11-21
SHIFTED CBP AND MOVE GRID LINE 200 mm 15-12-21

REMOVE COLUMN C3 & SHIFTED BMF WALL 29-12-21

14-02-22

08-06-22

KEY PLAN

DRAWING TITLE: SCALE

1ST TO 11TH FLOOR SLAB MILD STEEL LP 1:125

DRAWN : Mr.PHO LONGSREANG

SIGNATURE
DESIGN : Mr.PHO LONGSREANG

CHECKED : Mr.TOUCH SOKHENG

APPROVED : Mr.TOUCH SOKHENG

DATE : 27 - 03 - 2023 Page : S-116

PROJECT: KEN OFFICE BUILDING Total : S-146

 Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport
Institute of Technology of Cambodia

Faculty of Civil Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

The Study of Prestressed Concrete Slab

Student’s Name : YEN Chanthlachhanun
Specialty : Civil Engineering
Advisor’s Name : Dr. HIN Raveth
Academic Year : 2023-2024
 Table of Contents
I. Enterprise and Project Presentation IX. Serviceability Limit State Verification

II. Objectives X. Ultimate Limit State Verification

III. Flowchart of Designing Post-tensioned Slab XI. Non-prestressed Reinforcement

IV. Method of Analysis XII. Bill of Quantity

V. Structural Analysis XIII. Result and Discussion

VI. Preliminary of Floor System XIV. Conclusion

VII. Pre-number of Strands

VIII. Prestressed Losses

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING i

 I. Enterprise and Project Presentation
Name of Enterprise: SLABCHECK Consultant Co., Ltd.

Name of Supervisor: Mr. CHHIN Kemhak

Name of Project: Sivilai Community Project

Figure 01: Company’s Logo

Type of Project: 12 floors (including roof floor)

Location of Project: Sangat Boeung Kak 1, Khan Toul Kouk,

Phnom Penh.

Figure 02: Sivilai Community Project

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 1

 II. Objectives

Objectives

Designing PT Slab Bill of Quantity

Trace Profile
Estimation the
Analysis and calculate Compare Dry Cost
action on the Check SLS Check ULS
method prestressed Results disbursement Estimation
slab
losses

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 2

 III. Flowchart of Designing Post-Tensioned Slab
Choose architectural Pre-dimension of PT
Check Vibration
drawing plan slab

Determine prestressed Determine the number

Verify stress
losses of strands

Verify Deflection Verify moment capacity Verify ductility

Verify Punching
Verify Shear resistance
Resistance

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 3

 IV. Method of Analysis
• The Equivalent Frame Analysis approach: three-dimensional floor system to two-dimensional floor system.

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 4

 V. Structural Analysis
Eurocode for designing PT slab Case study 9th floor

Length of floor 34.775m

Direction X
Width of floor 10.4m
Zone D Cpe=+0.8
Height of floor 3.95m
Zone E Cpe=-0.51815

Dead Load

𝑉𝑏,0 = 24𝑚/𝑠 SDL or G 3.19kN/m2

SW slab 6.25kN/m2

Direction Y SW Band beam 11.25kN/m2

Zone D Cpe=+0.8
Live Load Category B
Zone E Cpe=-0.67785
LL or Q 2.5kN/m2

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 5

 VI. Preliminary of Floor System
• According to SEDIP (2015), we can do the
pre-dimension of slab. Since live load is
2.5 kN/m2.

𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 9.6
ℎ𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = = = 0.213𝑚
45 45
0.25m 0.45m
• As for band beam, we got:
2.5m
𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥
ℎ𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = = 0.32𝑚 Figure 03: Band Beam Dimension
30
𝑏𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 3 ∙ ℎ𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 1.5𝑚

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 6

 VI. Preliminary of Floor System
The process of checking vibration is based on ADAPT Technical Note 388.

Exiting Force of Weight of Vibrating

Vibration Floor Panel
• Case 1: 12.19 Hz •𝛽=0.03 • Case 1: 0.00479%
• Case 2: 13.31 Hz • Case 1: W = 3900.988kN • Case 2: 0.00879%
• DLF = 0.53
• Case 3: 15.08 Hz • Case 2: W = 1438.112kN • Case 3: 0.00946%
• P0=0.4kN
• Case 3: W = 719.056kN
Acceleration caused
Natural frequency Floor type
by walking panel

Figure 04: Evaluation of Vibration

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 7

 VII. Pre-number of Strands
Strip of Calculation

Figure 05: Strip of Calculation

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 8

 VII. Pre-number of Strands
Using the following formula:
𝑀0
𝑃𝑖;𝑡𝑜𝑡 𝜎𝑡0 + ∙ 𝜈′
𝐼𝑐
𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 = with 𝑃𝑖;𝑡𝑜𝑡 =
𝑃𝑖 1 𝑒 ∙ 𝜈′
− +
𝐴𝑐 𝐼𝑐
Assuming that the immediate losses are 15%, we got 𝑃𝑖 = 117𝑘𝑁/𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 and:

𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑,𝑚𝑖𝑛 5 strands
𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 46 strands

By this, I would like to choose 𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 = 12 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 for the further calculation.

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 9

 Tendon Profile

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 10

 VIII. Prestressed Losses
Friction Loss σμ = σP,max ∙ e−μ(α+θ∙x)

ls
Anchorage Slipping σg = σ μ − 2 ∙ p ∙ l s
Immediate Losses න 2 ∙ p ∙ x ∙ dx = δs ∙ AP ∙ EP
Loss 0
Prestressed Losses

Elastic Shortening 𝜎𝑒𝑙 = 𝜎𝑔 − Δ𝜎𝑒𝑙,𝑚𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑛 Δ𝜎𝑒𝑙 = 𝛼𝑒 ∙

𝑛−1
∙ 𝜎𝑐𝑝;𝑡𝑜𝑡
Loss 2𝑛

Shrinkage

Δ𝜎ത𝑝𝑟 + 𝜀𝑐𝑠 ∙ 𝐸𝑃 + 𝛼𝑒 ∙ 𝜑 ∙ (𝜎𝑐𝑔𝑜 + 𝜎𝑐𝑝𝑖 )

Time-dependent ΔσP,csr =
Creep 𝐴 𝑒2
Losses 1 + 𝑃,𝑡𝑜𝑡 ∙ 𝛼𝑒 ∙ 1 + ∙ 1+𝜒∙𝜑
𝐴𝑐 𝑖2

Steel Relaxation

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 11

 VIII. Prestressed Losses
8.1. Immediate Losses Immediate Losses
1500

1400

1300
1207.948 1193.344
Friction 1174.830

Stress (MPa)
1200
Loss 1122.203 1126.907
Anchorage
Slipping 1100
1140.921 1140.530
Loss 1071.572
1000 1035.863 Friction Loss
995.398 Anchorage Loss
Elastic 900
Shortening Elastic Shortening Loss
Loss 800
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

Average immediate losses Δ𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 254.161𝑀𝑃𝑎

Percentage of Immediate Losses %𝛥𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 18.219%

Immediate Losses Stress after immediate losses: 𝜎𝑃𝑖 = 1140.839𝑀𝑃𝑎

Prestressing Force after immediate losses: 𝑃𝑖 = 112.604𝑘𝑁

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 12

 VIII. Prestressed Losses
8.2. Time-dependent Losses Time-dependent Losses
1500

1400

1300 1152.603
1136.249
Creep

Stress (MPa)
1200 Friction Loss

1100 Anchorage Loss

1116.114
Elastic Shortening Loss
1066.438 1084.046
Shrinkage Steel Relaxation 1000 1013.017 1069.285
1084.329 Long-term Losses
979.151
900 939.422

800
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Time-
dependent Distance x (m)
Losses
Average time-dependent losses 𝛥𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 56.886𝑀𝑃𝑎

Percentage of time-dependent Losses %𝛥𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 4.986%

Stress after time-dependent losses: 𝜎𝑃𝑚𝑡 = 1083.952𝑀𝑃𝑎

Prestressing Force after time-dependent losses: 𝑃𝑚𝑡 = 106.986𝑘𝑁

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 13

 IX. Serviceability Verification

Stress Verification Deflection Verification

• Check with Admissible Stress • Check with allowable deflection
• Transfer Stage • Short-term deflection
• Characteristic Combination • Long-term deflection
• Quasi-permanent Combination

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 14

 IX. Serviceability Verification
9.1. Stress Verification
Transfer Stage
3.00
9.1.1. At Transfer Stage 2.650
1.00 0.178 -0.022 0.178

Using the following conditions: -1.00

-1.958 -1.958
-3.00
-1.660

Stress (MPa)
-5.00
Pi MPi ′ M0 ′ -7.00
σ0t = − + ∙ν − ∙ ν ≤ σ0t
Ac Ic Ic -9.00 Sigma_t_0

Pi MP M0 Sigma_c_0
-11.00
σ0c =− − i ∙𝜈+ ∙ 𝜈 ≥ −σ0c Sigma_c_0_bar
Ac Ic Ic -13.00
Sigma_t_0_bar
-15.00
-15.75
-17.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

Figure 06: Diagram of Stresses at Transfer Stage

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 IX. Serviceability Verification
9.1. Stress Verification
Characteristic Combination
5.0
9.1.2. Characteristics Combination
3.210
2.0 1.724 1.724
Using the following conditions: 1.311
-1.0

-4.0 -2.245 -2.245

Stress (MPa)
-3.549
ηPi ηMPi ′ MT ′ -7.0
σtc = − + ∙ν − ∙ ν ≥ −σtc
Ac Ic Ic Sigma_t_t
-10.0 Sigma_c_t
ηPi ηMPi MT
σtt = − − ∙ν+ ∙ ν ≤ σഥtt -13.0
Sigma_c_t_bar
Ac Ic Ic Sigma_t_t_bar
-16.0
-17.5
-19.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m)

Figure 07: Diagram of Stresses at Characteristic Combination

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 IX. Serviceability Verification
9.1. Stress Verification
Quasi-Permanent Combination
6.00
9.1.3. Quasi-Permanent Combination
3.00 3.210
1.148 1.148
Using the following conditions: 0.00
0.930
-3.00

Stress (MPa)
-1.856 -1.856

ηPi ηMPi ′ Mqp ′ -6.00 -2.984

qp qp Sigma_t_qp
σc = − + ∙ν − ∙ ν ≥ −σc
Ac Ic Ic -9.00 Sigma_c_qp

qp ηPi ηMPi Mqp qp -12.00

Sigma_c_qp_bar
σt = − − ∙ν+ ∙ ν ≤ σt
Ac Ic Ic Sigma_t_qp_bar
-15.00
-15.75

-18.00
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0
Distance x (m)

Figure 08: Diagram of Stresses at Quasi-permanent Combination

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 IX. Serviceability Verification
9.2. Deflection Verification

9.2.1. Short-Term Deflection

Using the following formula:

𝐿2
𝛿𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 = 𝐸𝑐𝑚 ∙𝐼𝑐
∙ 𝑘𝑃𝑃+𝐺 ∙ 𝑀𝑃𝑃+𝐺 − 𝑘𝑃𝑖 ∙ 𝑀𝑃𝑖

𝑓𝑐𝑚 0.3
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑐𝑚 = 22000 ∙
10
Length δPP+G δPi δinst δadm
𝛽 Span Verify
𝑘 = 0.104 × 1 − m mm mm mm mm
4

𝑀𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 +𝑀𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 L1 0.4 -0.016 0.010 -0.006 1.600 OK

𝛽=
𝑀𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 L2 9.6 3.104 -1.300 1.804 38.400 OK
L3 0.4 -0.016 0.010 -0.006 1.600 OK

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 IX. Serviceability Verification
9.2. Deflection Verification

9.2.2. Long-term Deflection

Using the following formula:

𝐿2
𝛿𝐿𝑇 = 𝐸 ∙ 𝑘𝑞𝑝 ∙ 𝑀𝑞𝑝 − 𝑘𝑃𝑚𝑡 ∙ 𝑀𝑃𝑚𝑡
𝑐𝑚,𝑒𝑓𝑓 ∙𝐼𝑐

𝐸𝑐𝑚
𝐸=
1+𝜑

𝛽 Length δqp δPmt δLT δadm

𝑘 = 0.104 × 1 − Span Verify
4 m mm mm mm mm

𝛽=
𝑀𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 +𝑀𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 L1 0.4 -0.056 0.031 -0.025 1.600 OK
𝑀𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙
L2 9.6 10.556 -3.944 6.612 38.400 OK
L3 0.4 -0.056 0.031 -0.025 1.600 OK

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 X. Ultimate Limit State Verification

Moment Shear Punching

MEd & MRd

VEd & VRd

vEd & vRd

Capacity Resistance Shear
Verification Verification Resistance
• Verify • VRd,c Verification
Ductility • VRd,max • vRd,c
• vRd,max

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 X. Ultimate Limit State Verification
10.1. Moment Capacity Verification

bf 𝜀𝑐𝑢3 𝜂𝑓𝑐𝑑

𝜆𝑥
t x 𝜆𝑥 𝐹𝑐𝑑 = 𝜂𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝜆𝑥𝑏𝑓
𝑀𝑅𝑑
Ac Ap 𝜀𝑝𝑡𝑑 𝜎𝑝𝑢𝑑 𝐹𝑝𝑡𝑑 = 𝜎𝑝𝑢𝑑 𝐴𝑝

bw

Section Strains Stresses Forces

𝜆𝑥
𝑀𝑅𝑑 = 𝜎𝑝𝑢𝑑 ∙ 𝐴𝑝,𝑡𝑜𝑡 ∙ 𝑑𝑝 −
2

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 X. Ultimate Limit State Verification
10.1. Moment Capacity Verification

Satisfy the following condition:

∗
𝑀𝑅𝑑 ≥ 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 𝑀𝐸𝑑 + 𝑀ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟
Moment Verification for ULS Moment Verification for ULS+Wind
-1000 -1000
-800 -800
-600 -600
-400 -400

Moment (kNm)
-646.868
-759.931 -779.469
-627.330
Moment (kNm)

-200 -200
MRd+ 0 MRd+
0
200 MRd- 200 MRd-
638.692
690.933 M*Ed 400 M*Ed+Wind
400
600 600
800
800
1000
1000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Distance x (m) Distance x (m)

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 X. Ultimate Limit State Verification
10.1.1. Ductility Verification

Satisfy the following condition:

𝑥 < 0.3 × 𝑑𝑝

0.3dp X
Point Verify
m m

A 0.0375 0.0165 Ok

B 0.0195 0.0155 Ok

C 0.1155 0.0201 Ok

D 0.0195 0.0155 Ok

E 0.0375 0.0165 Ok

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 X. Ultimate Limit State Verification
10.2. Shear Resistance Verification

Satisfy the following condition for elements which no shear reinforcement is required:
∗
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 ≥ 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑,0 + 𝑉𝐸𝑑 (𝑃𝑚𝑡 )

d bw σcp VRd,c Ved,0 VEd,pmt V*Ed

Support Verify
mm mm MPa kN kN kN kN

B (Left) 420 2500 0.64192 653.181 -35.3 0 -35.3 Ok

B (Right) 420 2500 0.64192 653.181 521.31 -160.8 360.51 Ok

D (Left) 420 2500 0.64192 653.181 -521.31 160.8 -360.51 Ok

D (Right) 420 2500 0.64192 653.181 -35.3 0 -35.3 Ok

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 X. Ultimate Limit State Verification
10.2. Shear Resistance Verification

Satisfy the following condition for elements with maximum shear force (crushing of the connecting rods):

∗ ∗
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≥ 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑,0 + 𝑉𝐸𝑑 (𝑃𝑚𝑡 )

Z bw σcp VRd, max Ved,0 VEd, pmt V*Ed

Support Verify
mm mm MPa kN kN kN kN

B (Left) 378 2500 0.642 6796.983 -35.3 0 -35.3 Ok

B (Right) 378 2500 0.642 6796.983 521.31 -160.8 360.51 Ok

D (Left) 378 2500 0.642 6796.983 -521.31 160.8 -360.51 Ok

D (Right) 378 2500 0.642 6796.983 -35.3 0 -35.3 Ok

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 X. Ultimate Limit State Verification
10.2. Shear Resistance Verification

Minimum Transverse Reinforcement

0.5
𝐴𝑠𝑤 0.08∙𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∙𝑏𝑤
= = 3.034𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚𝑚
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑘

We use 6legs so the providing transverse reinforcement is 6legs DB12@200.

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 X. Ultimate Limit State Verification
10.3. Punching Shear Resistance Verification

I have conducted the study of punching shear resistance on 2 columns as below:

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 X. Ultimate Limit State Verification
10.3. Punching Shear Resistance Verification u0
u0
Satisfy the following condition: 𝜈𝑅𝑑 ≥ 𝜈𝐸𝑑

𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 6.020𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 𝜈𝐸𝑑,0 = 0.612𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 6.020𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 𝜈𝐸𝑑,0 = 0.304𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑢1
𝑢1
2𝑑
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 436.868𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 421.517𝑘𝑁
2𝑑

No Punching Shear Reinforcement is required. 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 0.554𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 𝜈𝐸𝑑 = 0.239𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝜈𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 0.519𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 𝜈𝐸𝑑 = 0.249𝑀𝑃𝑎

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 XI. Non-prestressed Reinforcement
• Bottom reinforcement of slab
2.6m
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ 0.0013 ∙ 𝑏𝑡 ∙ 𝑑

• Top reinforcement at column: 14DB@100

𝐴𝑠 = 0.00075 ∙ 𝐴𝑐
2.3m
1.5h
• Longitudinal reinforcement in flange: 14DB@100
1.5h 1.5h
F1
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = max(0.26 ∙ ∙ 𝑏𝑡 ∙ 𝑑, 0.0013 ∙ 𝑏𝑡 ∙ 𝑑)
𝑓𝑦𝑘

• Transverse reinforcement in flange:

Longitudinal Reinforcement
𝐴𝑠𝑓 𝑣𝐸𝑑 ∙ℎ𝑓 beff
≥𝑓
𝑠𝑓 𝑦𝑑 ∙𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃𝑓

Bottom reinforcement of slab DB12@450 x

Top reinforcement at column 14DB@100
Longitudinal reinforcement in flange DB12@250
Transverse Reinforcement
Transverse reinforcement in flange DB12@200

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 XII. Bill of Quantity
11.1. Dry Disbursement
Dry Disbursement

12 5219.699 18904.106 2165.423

11 6463.106 22861.314 2300.509

Labor
cost
10 6463.106 22861.314 2300.509

9 6463.106 22861.314 2300.509

8 6463.106 22861.314 2300.509

7 6463.106 22861.314 2300.509

Floor
Labour cost
Material Dry 6 6463.106 22861.314 2300.509
cost Disbursement Material Cost
5 6463.106 22861.314 2300.509 Equipment cost

4 6391.474 22861.314 2270.386

3 6391.474 22861.314 2270.386

2 6391.474 22861.314 2270.386

Equipm
ent cost 1 6378.039 22861.314 2251.642

0.000 5000.000 10000.000 15000.000 20000.000 25000.000 30000.000 35000.000

Cost (USD)

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 XII. Bill of Quantity
11.2. Cost Estimation
No Description Amount

1 Labor Cost $ 83,615.29

Dry 2 Material Cost $ 270,378.56
disburseme
nt 3 Equipment Cost $ 27,331.79
4 Dry Disbursement = 1+2+3 $ 381,325.64
Tax Site cost
5 Site Cost = 6.5% of Dry Disbursement $ 24,786.17
6 Operation Cost = 2% of Dry Disbursement $ 7,626.51
7 General Cost = 18% of Dry Disbursement $ 49,572.33
Price including tax 8 Cost Price =4+5+6+7 $ 463,310.65
Unforeseen General 9 Profit = 15% of Cost Price $ 69,496.60
expenditure cost
Unforeseen expenditure or contingencies = 3% of Cost
10 $ 13,899.32
Price
11 Price excluding tax (PVHT) = 8+9+10 $ 546,706.56

Profit
Operational 12 Tax (TVA) = 10% of PVHT $ 54,670.66
cost
13 Price including tax = 11+12 $ 601,377.22

Unit price is 151.92$/m2

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 XIII. Result and Discussion
Description Manual calculation Enterprise In this dissertation, I have studied only resistance of
post-tensioned slab with gravity and wind loads. For
Dimension of slab 0.25m 0.25m this calculation of mine, it is not sufficient for the
Band beam thickness 0.45m 0.45m design of prestressed concrete slab because:
Band beam width 2.5m 2.5m • check moment at the control and inflection points.
Number of strands 12 strands 20 strands • focus on the single band strip which is in
Immediate losses 18.219% - Direction Y-Y.
• Moment capacity is the only verification that I
Time-dependent losses 4.986% -
check with wind load.
Elongation 55.032mm 65mm • check only 2 columns which are interior and
Short-term deflection 1.804mm - corner column.
Long-term deflection 6.612mm - The number of strands from manual calculation
As,min= 4520.697mm2 As: 26DB16@200 is less than enterprise’s result for two main reasons:
Passive reinforcement
As,pro= 5227.610mm2 As= 5227.610mm2 • Using Eurocode other than ACI for manual
Transversal reinforcement Asw =678.24mm2 Asw =452.160mm2 calculation
Bottom reinforcement DB12@450 DB12@450
• Difference between loads and load combinations.

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 XIV. Conclusion
After doing this dissertation, I have noticed many remarkable points:

• The tendon profile needs adjustment in ADAPT Builder for economical design before calculation.

• Prestressed Losses are acceptable compared to ADAPT Builder 2019.

• Moment capacity, shear resistance, and punching shear resistance are verified.

• Equivalent frame method (3D to 2D) differs from finite elements method.

• In post-tensioned floor design, finite elements method in ADAPT Builder is preferred.

• AutoCAD aids precise calculation of concrete, reinforcement, and formwork quantities.

• Labor, materials, and equipment estimated using structure quantities and Construction Norms (2009).

• Company data used due to lack of specifics in Construction Norms (2009) in terms of prestressing cost.

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 References
1) Chamreon, S. (2009). Norm of Construction Work.
2) CHEA, S. (2010). Note de cours de Béton Précontrainte.
3) Corporation, A. (2011). TECHNICAL NOTE TN388: VIBRATION EVALUATION OF FLOOR SYSTEMS. Redwood.
4) EN-1990. (2002). Eurocode: Basic of Structural Design. CEN.
5) EN-1991-1-1. (2002). Eurocode 1: Actions on Structures-Part 1-1: General Actions-Densities, Self-weight, Imposed Loads for
Buildings. CEN.
6) EN-1992. (2004). Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures-Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. CEN.
7) Gilbert, R. L., Colin, N., & Ranzi, G. (2017). Design of Prestressed Concrete to Eurocode 2 (2nd ed.). CRC Press.
8) SEDIP. (2015). La précontrainte dans le bâtiment (1st ed.). FNTP.
9) SOVANVICHET, L. (2019). BÉTON ARMÉ PARTIE 1 - SUIVANT L’EUROCODE 2.
10) Lee, & Lee. (2023, June 26). Building for Growth: Cambodia’s construction sector sees 138% investment increase - Estatedia |
Economy & Real Estate Media in Cambodia. Estatedia | Economy & Real Estate Media in Cambodia - Economy & Real Estate Media
in Cambodia. https://estatedia.com/building-for-growth-cambodias-construction-sector-sees-138-investment-increase/

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 Thank you for your attention.
If you have any questions,
feel free to ask…

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