166 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry

Answers
Exercise for Session 1 Exercise for Session 6
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (b) 1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a,b) 4. (a) 5. (a)
6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (a,d) 10. (c) 6. (c)  1
7. m ∈  −1, 
11. (d) 12. y = 9 13. (2 + 2 3 , 4) and (2 − 2 3 , 0)  5
 5π −1  π 5π π
9. θ ∈  0,  ∪ 
132
14. PQ = 15. 4 2 units 8. θ ∈  0, − tan 3 , 
12 3 + 5  6   12   12 2 
π 5π
16. 83x − 35 y + 92 = 0 17. x + y − 11 = 0 10. θ ∈  ∪  2nπ, 2nπ +   ∪  ∪  2mπ + , 2mπ  
n = z  6  m = z  6 
Exercise for Session 2 11. Outside 12. 29x − 2 y + 33 = 0
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (d)
7. (c,d) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (d) 11. (b) 12. (d) Chapter Exercises
13. The two points are on the opposite side of the given line. 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (b)
15. 3x − 4 y = 0 and 3x − 4 y − 10 = 0 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (b)
17. 7x + y − 31 = 0 18. 2x + 2 y + 2=0 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (c)
19. (b) 20. (b) 21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (a)
Exercise for Session 3 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (a)
31. (a,b,c,d) 32. (a,b,c,d) 33. (a,c) 34. (a,d)
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (a)
35. (b,d) 36. (a,b,c,d) 37. (a,c,d) 38. (a,d) 39. (a,b) 40. (a,b)
7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (a,b) 11. (c) 12. (c) 41. (a,b,c,d) 42. (b,d) 43. (a,b,c) 44. (a,b) 45. (a,b,c)
13. 2a + b2 + b = 0 16. (i) y = 3 (ii) x = 4, (iii) 3x + 4 y = 24 46. (d) 47. (d) 48. (a) 49. (a) 50. (d) 51. (a)
−5 −5 
18.  , 
52. (b) 53. (c) 54. (a) 55. (c) 56. (d) 57. (b)
 3 3 58. (a) 59. (a) 60. (b) 61. (3) 62. (6) 63. (5)
64. (8) 65. (3) 66. (9) 67. (8) 68. (2) 69. (2)
Exercise for Session 4 70. (4) 71. (A) → (p); (B) → (p, q); (C) → (p, r) (D) → (p, r, s)
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (b) 72. (A) → (p, r); (B) → (q); (C) → (q, s) (D) → (p)
7. (c) 8. (a) 9. x = 7 and x + 3 y = 7 + 9 3 73. (A) → (p, q); (B) → (p, q, r, s); (C) → (p, q, r, s); (D) → (p, q, r, s)
10. x (4 3 + 3) + y(4 − 3 3 ) = 11 − 2 3 and 74. (A) → (t); (B) → (p, q, r); (C) → (s)
4 3 75. (A) → (q, s); (B) → (p, t); (C) → (r) 76. (a) 77. (a)
y (4 + 3 3 ) − x (4 3 − 3) = 11 + 2 3,
15 78. (d) 79. (d) 80. (c) 81. (b) 82. (b) 83. (d)
6 −1 2 −13   3   −8 3 
 1 73 
11.  − ,  and  ,   1 77  85.  ,  ,  − ,  
, 0 ,  
, , 
 14 28   16 32   5 10   5 10   2   5 10 
 n
1 n 
12.  0,  and (0, 0) 13. x + 2 y − 6 = 0
p
5 ±∑ ±∑ 
 2  (1 + p )2
(1 + p ) 
2
87.  p = 1 , p =1  94. 2x + 3 y + 22 = 0
14. 3x = 19 15. 10x − 10 y − 3 = 0  c c 
 
 
Exercise for Session 5  h + mk mh − k 
95.  ,  96. 3x + 4 y − 18 = 0 and x − 2 = 0
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (c)  1 + m2 1 + m2 
6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (b) 97. (2 − 3 ) sq units. 99. (a) 100. (c) 101. (c) 102. (c) 103. (c)
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (3, − 2) 14. 14x + 23 y − 40 = 0
103. (c) 104. (A) → (s); (B) → (p, q); (C) → (r); (D) → (p, q, s)

15. 4x − y + 6 = 0,  − , 
4 14 105.(a) 106. (a) 107. (c) 108. (b) 109. (b) 110. (c) 111. (b)
16. (2)
 5 5 112.(a) 113. (d) 114. (a) 115. (6) 116. (b) 117. (a)
Solutions
1. Equation of line passing through (2, 0) and perpendicular to 4. We have, y = cos x cos( x + 2 ) − cos2( x + 1 )
ax + by + c = 0 1
Then, required equation is y = {2 cos x cos( x + 2 ) − 2 cos2( x + 1 )}
2
b 1
y − 0 = (x − 2) = {cos(2 x + 2 ) + cos2 − 1 − cos(2 x + 2 )}
a 2
ay = bx − 2b 1
= (cos2 − 1 )
⇒ ay − bx + 2b = 0 2
2 2 1 2m 1
2. Q + + = = (1 − 2 sin 2 1 − 1 )
1 !9 ! 3 !7 ! 5 !5 ! n ! 2
1 2 × 10 ! 2 × 10 ! 10 !  2m = − sin 2 1
 + + =
10 !  1 !9 ! 3 !7 ! 5 !5 !  n ! which is a straight line passing through ( λ , − sin 2 1 ); ∀ λ ∈ R
1 10 2m and parallel to the X -axis.
⇒ {2 C1 + 210C 3 + 10C 5 } =
10 ! n! x y
5. Let line + =1 …(i)
1 10 2m a b
{ C1 + C 3 + C 5 + C 7 + 10C 9 } =
10 10 10
10 ! n! Its passes through (2, 2), then
1 10 − 1 2m 2 2
⇒ (2 ) = + =1
10 ! n! a b
∴ m = 9 and n = 10 ⇒ 2(a + b ) = ab …(ii)
Hence, x − y + 1 = 0 and x + y + 3 = 0 are perpendicular to Y
each other, then orthocentre is the point of intersection which
is ( −2, − 1 ) (0, b) B
∴ −2 = 2m − 2n and −1 = m − n
∴ Point is (2m − 2n, m − n ).
3. ∴ Required area
6
1 8  64 2
= 4 ×  × 4 = = …(i)
2 3  3 3 X¢
O (a, 0) A
X

Q f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) f (y ) Y¢
Y 1
Q Area of ∆AOB = ab = | λ | (given)
2
(0, 4) ∴ ab = 2| λ |
from Eq. (ii), a + b = | λ |
Hence, required equation is
(–8/3, 0) (8/3, 0)
X¢
x 2 − (a + b ) x + ab = 0
X
O
or x 2 − | λ | x + 2| λ | = 0
Value of (a 2x + aby + 1 ) at (1, 1 )
6. >0
(0, –4) Value of (a 2x + aby + 1 ) at ( 0, 0 )
a 2 + ab + 1
or > 0; ∀ a ∈ R
Y¢ 1
or a 2 + ab + 1 > 0; ∀ a ∈ R
∴ f (2 ) = f (1 ) f (1 ) = 2 2

∴ D<0
f (3 ) = f (1 + 2 ) = f (1 ) f (2 ) = 2 3
………………………………………… ⇒ b −4<0
2

………………………………………… ⇒ −2 < b < 2 but b > 0

∴ f (n ) = 2n ∴ 0 <b <2
2 6 f (6 ) i.e. b ∈( 0, 2 )
∴ Area = = sq units
3 3
168 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry

7. Equation of L is a +
x y
= 1 and let the axis be rotated through 3 − 1 ( 3 − 1 )( 3 − 1 )
b Slope of BD = = = 3 −2
−1 − 3 −2
an angle θ and let ( X , Y ) be the new coordinates of any point
P ( x, y ) in the plane, then Y
C
x = X cosθ − Y sin θ, y = X sin θ + Y cosθ, the equation of the
line with reference to original coordinates is
2
x y
+ =1 D
a b E
X cosθ − Y sin θ X sin θ + Y cosθ 90° B
i.e. + =1 …(i) 2
a b 2
75°
and with reference to new coordinates is 30°
X
X Y (0, 0) A
+ =1 …(ii)
p q
Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ∴ Equation of BD is
cosθ sin θ 1 y − 1 = ( 3 − 2 )( x − 3 )
+ = …(iii)
a b p ⇒ (2 − 3 ) x + y = 2( 3 − 1 )
sin θ cosθ 1
and − + = …(iv) and equation of the circumcircle of the triangle ABE
a b q (Apply diametric form as AB is diameter)
Squaring and adding Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get ( x − 0 )( x − 3 ) + (y − 0 )(y − 1 ) = 0
1 1 1 1 ⇒ x2 + y 2 − x 3 − y = 0
2
+ 2 = 2 + 2
a b p q
11. If (α, β) be the image of (4, 1) w.r.t y = x − 1, then (α, β) = (2, 3),
8. d (x, y ) = max{| x |, | y | } …(i) say point Q
but d ( x, y ) = a …(ii) Y
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get R
a = max{| x |, | y | } R¢ Q (3, 3)
(2, 3)
if | x | > | y |, then a = | x |
∴ x = ±a P
45°
and if | y | > | x |, then a = | y | (4, 1)
45°
∴ y =±a O (1, 0)
X
Therefore locus represents a straight line.
sin 2 α After translation through a distance 1 unit along the positive
9. P1 = | m 2 cosα + 2m sin α + | direction of X -axis at the point whose coordinate are R ≡ (3, 3 ).
cosα π
(m cosα + sin α ) 2 After rotation through are angle about the origin in the
= 4
| cosα | anticlockwise direction, then R goes toR ′ such that
 sin 2 α OR = OR′ = 3 2
p 2 = mm′ cos α + (m + m′ )sin α + 
 cosα  ∴The coordinates of the final point are ( 0, 3 2 ).
|(m cosα + sin α )| | m′ cosα + sin α | 12. Q A ≡ ( 0, 0 ); B ≡ (2, 0 ); C ≡ (2, 2 ); D ≡ ( 0, 2 )
=
| cosα | (i) f1( x, y ) → (y , x ), then
sin 2 α A ≡ ( 0, 0 ); B ≡ ( 0, 2 ); C ≡ (2, 2 ), D ≡ (2, 0 )
and p 3 = | m′ 2 cosα + 2m′ sin α + |
cosα (ii) f 2( x, y ) → ( x + 3y , y ), then
(m′ cosα + sin α ) 2 A ≡ ( 0, 0 ); B ≡ (6, 2 ); C ≡ (8, 2 ), D ≡ (2, 0 )
= x −y x + y
| cosα | (iii) f 3( x, y ) →  ,  , then
 2 2 
Q p 22 = p1 p 3
A ≡ ( 0, 0 ); B ≡ (2, 4 ); C ≡ (3, 5 ), D ≡ (1, 1 )
Hence, p1, p 2, p 3 are in GP.
Now, AB = DC = 2 5, AD = BC = 2
10. Side of the square = 2 unit
and AC = 34, BD = 10
Coordinates of B, C and D are ( 3, 1 ), ( 3 − 1, 3 + 1 ) and
i.e. AC ≠ BD
( −1, 3 ) respectively.
∴ Final figure is a parallelogram.
 Chap 02 The Straight Lines 169

AN It is clear from the figure

13. Let =λ
BN  −3 π  π 
α ∈  −π,  ∪  , π .
 a aλ   4  4 
Then, coordinate of N are  , 
1 + λ 1 + λ 16. Q Equation of AB is x + y = 1, then coordinates of A and B are
Q Slope of AB = − 1 (1, 0) and (0, 1) respectively.
Y  1 1
∴ Coordinates of P are  , 
 2 2
B(0, a)
Q PP1 is perpendicular to OA
N Y
x+y= a
M B(0, 1)
X
O A(a, 0)

∴ Slope of MN = 1 P
∴ Equation on MN is

x+
M1

y=
M2
aλ a 1−λ
y − =x− ⇒ x − y = a

1
 A(1, 0)
1+λ 1+λ  λ + 1 X
O P3 P2 P1
  λ − 1 
So, the coordinates of M are  0,a  
  λ + 1 
Equation of OP is y = x
3
Therefore, area of ∆AMN = area of ∆OAB Then, OP1 = PP1 =
1
8 2
1 3 1
⇒ ⋅ AN ⋅ MN = ⋅ a ⋅ a We have, (OMn − 1 ) 2 = (OPn ) 2 + ( Pn Mn − 1 ) 2
2 8 2
1 λ 2 2  = 2(OPn ) 2 {Qy = x}
⇒ ⋅
a
⋅
a = ⋅ 1 a ⋅ a
3
2 1 + λ 1 + λ 8 2 = 2α n2 (say)

a λ 2
3 1 Also, (OPn − 1 ) = (OMn − 1 ) 2 + ( Pn − 1Mn − 1 ) 2
2
⇒ = ⋅ a2
(1 + λ ) 2
8 2 1
α n2 − 1 = 2α n2 + α n2 − 1
1 2
∴ λ = 3 or λ = 1 2
3 ⇒ α n − 1 = 2α n2
1 2
For λ = , then M lies outside the segment OB and hence the
3 1
⇒ αn = αn − 1
required value of λ = 3. 2
14. Let S = (x, y ), given (SQ )2 + (SR )2 = 2(SP )2 1
∴ OPn = α n = α n − 1
2
⇒ ( x + 1 ) 2 + y 2 + ( x − 2 ) 2 + y 2 = 2[( x − 1 2 ) + y 2 ]
1 1
⇒ 2 x 2 + 2y 2 − 2 x + 5 = 2 ( x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 1 ) = 2 αn − 2 = 3 αn − 3
2 2
3 ……………………………………………
⇒ 2x + 3 = 0 ⇒ x = −
2 ……………………………………………
A straight line parallel to Y -axis. ……………………………………………
Value of (3 x − 2y + 1 ) at A 1
15. >0 = n − 1 α1
Value of (3 x − 2y + 1 ) at B 2
(sin α − 3 ) − (cosα − 2 ) + 1 1  1 1
⇒ >0 = n −1   = n.
(3 − 2 + 1 ) 2  2 2
⇒ sin α − cosα > 0 ⇒ sin α > cosα 17. Let O ≡ (0, 0), A ≡ (1, 1) and B ≡ (9, 1)
Y 1
Area of ∆OAB = ×8 ×1 = 4
2
It is clear that 1 < c < 9
–p –3p/4
X¢ X  c
–p O p p p and M ≡ (c, 1 ) and N ≡ c, 
2 4 2  9

Y¢
170 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry

Y 20. Let A ≡ (3, 4), B ≡ (0, y ), C ≡ (x, 0), D ≡ (8, 2)

∴ Slope of AB = − Slope of BC
x=c
y −4 0 −y
A(1, 1) (a, 1) ⇒ =− 
M B 0 −3  x − 0
x
N y= 9 or 4 x − xy = 3y …(i)
X
O and slope of BC = − slope of CD
0 −y  2 − 0
⇒   = − 
 x − 0 8 − x
∴ Area of ∆BMN = 2 (given) or 2 x + xy = 8y …(ii)
1  c adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ × (9 − c ) × 1 −  = 2
2  9 6 x = 11y …(iii)
or (9 − c ) = 36
2 from Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
13 1
or 9 − c = ± 6 ⇒ c = 3 or 15 x= =4
3 3
but 1 <c <9
∴ c =3 21. Y y=x

18. The three lines are concurrent if (–n, m) C B (n, m)

1 2 −9
3 −5 −5 = 0 A (m, n)
a b −1
X¢ X
or 5a + 2b = 1 O
which is three of the line 5 x + 2y = 1 passes through (a, b ).
19. Q BC = AC
⇒ 2 2 + ( λ − 1 ) 2 = λ2
D (–n, –m) E (n,–m)
⇒ 4 = λ2 − ( λ − 1 ) 2 Y¢
= (2 λ − 1 )(1 )
Area of rectangle BCDE = (2n )(2m )
5
∴ λ= = 4mn
2
1
and area of ∆ABE = × 2m × (m − n )
C 2
(2, l)
= m(m − n )
∴ Area of pentagon = 4mn + m(m − n )
B
(0, 1) = m (m + 3n )
22. The equation of the line L, be y − 2 = m(x − 8), m < 0
D
 2 
coordinates of P and Q are P 8 − , 0 and Q( 0, 2 − 8m ).
A (2, 0)
 m 
O
x=2 2
So, OP + OQ = 8 − + 2 − 8m
m
x y  1
Q Equation. of AB is + = 1, D ≡ 1,  (mid-point of AB) 2
2 1  2 = 10 + + 8( −m ) ≥
( −m )
∴ Equation of CD is 2x − y = µ
2
QCD pass through D, thus 10 + 2 × 8( −m ) ≥ 18
( −m )
1 3
2 − = µ or µ = So, absolute minimum value of OP + OQ = 18
2 2
3 23. Let the two perpendiculars through the origin intersect
∴ Equation of CD is 2x − y = …(i) 2x + y = a at A and B so that the triangle OAB is isosceles.
2
and Eq. (i) of line ⊥ to AC and pass through B is y = 1 …(ii) OM = length of perpendicular from O to
a
from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get AB, OM = .
5
5 
Orthocentre ≡  , 1
4 
 Chap 02 The Straight Lines 171

Y 27. Q B is the reflection of A(5, 7) w.r.t the line x + y = 0

B ∴ B ≡ ( −7, − 5 )
and C is the reflection of A(5, 7 ) w.r.t the line x − y = 0
A (5, 7)
M

= 0
2x+y=a
x+ x–y
O A X M y =0 N

Also, AM = MB = OM (0, 0)
2a
⇒ AB = B C
5
∴ C ≡ (7, 5 )
1
Area of ∆OAB = ⋅ AB ⋅ OM 5+5
2 ∴ Equation of BC is y + 5 = ( x + 7 ) or 7y = 5 x
7+7
1 2a a a2
= ⋅ ⋅ = sq units 28. Let P ≡ (2, − 1)
2 5 5 5
24. Solving given equations, we get P(2, − 1 ) goes 2 units along x + y = 1 upto A and 5 units along
5 x − 2y = 4 upto B.
x= Now, slope of x + y = − 1 is −1 = tanθ (say)
3 + 4m
∴ θ = 135 °
x is an integer, if 3 + 4m = 1, − 1, 5, −5 1
−2 −4 2 −8 and slope x − 2y = 4 is = tan φ (say)
or m= , , , 2
4 4 4 4 1 2
1 1 ∴ sin φ = , cos φ =
or m = − , − 1, , − 2 5 5
2 2
The coordinates of A
Hence, m has two integral values.
i.e. (2 + 2 cos135 °, − 1 + 2 sin 135 ° )
25. Let the coordinates of A be (a, 0). Then the slope of the or (2 − 2, 2 − 1 )
reflected ray is
3−0 The coordinates of B
= tanθ (say) …(i) i.e. (2 + 5 cos φ, − 1 + 5 sin φ ) or (2 + 2 5, 5 − 1 )
5 −a
Then the slope of the incident ray 29. Q P ≡ (5, 3)
2−0 Let P′ and P′′ be the images of P w.r.t y = x and y = 0 (X -axis)
= = tan( π − θ )
1 −a respectively, then P′ ≡ (3, 5 ) and P′′ ≡ (5, − 3 )
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Q PQ + QR + RP is minimum
tan θ + tan( π − θ ) = 0 ∴ P ′ , R, Q, P ′′ are collinear.
3 2 P¢(3, 5)
⇒ + =0 Y x
5 −a 1 −a y=
⇒ 3 − 3a + 10 − 2a = 0 R P(5, 3)
13
a=
5
X¢ X
 13  Q
Thus, the coordinate of A is  , 0 O
5 
26. Lines 5x + 3y − 2 + λ(3x − y − 4) = 0 are concurrent at (1, −1) P¢¢(5, –3)
and lines
Y¢
x − y + 1 + µ(2 x − y − 2 ) = 0 are concurrent at (3, 4).
∴ Equation of P ′ P ′′ is
Thus equation of line common to both family is
4+1  5 + 3
y +1= (x − 1) y +3=  (x − 5)
3 −1  3 − 5
or 5 x − 2y − 7 = 0 or 4 x + y = 17
∴ a = 5, b = − 2 ⇒a + b = 3  17 
∴ Q ≡  , 0 (QQ on Y -axis)
4 
172 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry

30. Equation of incident ray is 35. Equation of any line through the point of intersection of the
y − 0 = tan(90 ° + 60 ° )( x − 2 ) given lines is (3 x + y − 5 ) + λ ( x − y + 1 ) = 0.
1 Since this line is perpendicular to one of the given lines
or y =− (x − 2) 3+λ 1
3 = − 1 or
or (x − 2) + y 3 = 0 λ −1 3

and equation of refracted ray is ⇒ λ = − 1 or −5, therefore the required straight line is
y − 0 = − tan 60 °( x − 2 ) x + y −3 = 0
or y = − 3(x − 2) or x − 3y + 5 = 0
y 36. If B lies on Y -axis, then coordinates of B are (0, a ) or (0, − a )
or (x − 2) + =0
3 Y
∴ Combined equation is B
 y  60°
[( x − 2 ) + y 3 ] ( x − 2 ) +  =0
 3
a A
4 A 60° x– 3y=0
i.e. (x − 2)2 + y 2 + ( x − 2 )y = 0 a
3 60°
O
x y x y 30° 30°
31. Point of intersection of + = 1 and + = 1 is X¢
30° 30°
X
a b b a
 ab 60°
ab  A¢¢
P ,  , this point P satisfies alternates (a), (b), (c) A¢
a + b a + b
A¢
and (d).
32. The two lines will be identical if their exists some real number B¢
k such that
Y¢
b 3 − c 3 = k(b − c ), c 3 − a 3 = k(c − a ) and a 3 − b 3 = k(a − b )
⇒ b − c = 0 or b 2 + c 2 + bc = k If third vertex in IV quadrant or in II quadrant, then its
coordinates are (a cos30 °, − a sin 30 ° ) and ( −a cos30 °, a sin 30 ° )
c − a = 0 or c 2 + a 2 + ca = k a 3 a  a 3 a
i.e.  , −  and  − , ,
and a − b = 0 or a 2 + b 2 + ab = k  2 2  2 2
⇒ a = b or b = c or c = a
37. Since, ax + by + c = 0, bx + cy + a = 0 and cx + ay + b = 0 are
or b 2 + c 2 + bc = c 2 + a 2 + ca
concurrent
⇒ b = c or c = a
a b c 
or a = b or a + b + c = 0 b c a = 0
∴  
33. As the third vertex lies on the line y = x + 3, its coordinates c a b
are of the form ( x, x + 3 ). The area of the triangle with vertices
(2, 1), (3, −2) and ( x, x + 3 ) is given by ⇒ 3abc − a 3 − b 3 − c 3 = 0
x x + 3 1 ⇒ − (a + b + c )(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ab − bc − ca) = 0
1 
|2 1 1| = |2 x − 2| = 5 (given) a+b+c≠0
2
3 − 2 1  ∴ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ab − bc − ca = 0
−3 7 1
∴ 2x − 2 = ± 5 ⇒ x = , {(a − b ) 2 + (b − c ) 2 + (c − a ) 2 } = 0
2 2 2
 7 13 As a, b, c are real numbers
Thus, the coordinates of the third vertex are  ,  or
2 2  ∴ b − c = 0, c − a = 0, a − b = 0
 −3 3  ⇒ a =b =c
 , .
 2 2
38. Q E ≡ (4, 4)
1 −2 −6
∴ zC = 7 + 5i , z E = 4 + 4i
34. 3 1 −4 = 0 Now, (in ∆BEC)
λ 4 λ2
π
zB − zE i
⇒ λ + 2λ − 8 = 0
2 =e 2 =i
zC − z E
∴ ( λ + 4 )( λ − 2 ) = 0 ⇒ z B − 4 − 4i = i (7 + 5i − 4 − 4i )
⇒ λ = − 4, 2 or z B = 3 + 7i
 Chap 02 The Straight Lines 173

∴ B ≡ (3, 7 ), then D ≡ (5, 1 ) After solving, we get

B C (7, 5) x1 = 1 ± 100 2, 1
and y1 = 7, 7 ± 100 2
Hence, (1 + 100 2, 7 ), (1 − 100 2, 7 ),

E
(1, 7 + 100 2 ), (1, 7 − 100 2 )
42. Equation of the other diagonal is x + y = λ which pass
through (a, b ), then
A(1, 3) D a+b=λ
∴ Equation of other diagonal is
Equation of AB is
7 −3 x + y =a + b
y −3 = ( x − 1 ) or 2 x − y + 1 = 0 i.e. then centre of the square is the point of intersection of
3 −1
 b b
and equation of AD is x − y = a and x + y = a + b is a + ,  , then vertex
 2 2
1 −3
y −3 = ( x − 1 ) or x + 2y − 7 = 0
5 −1 b b
a+ ,
B 2 2
39. Given,
6a 2 − 3b 2 − c 2 + 7ab − ac + 4bc = 0 A(a, b)
⇒ 6a + (7b − c )a − (3b − 4bc + c ) = 0
2 2 2

− (7b − c ) ± (7b − c ) 2 + 24 (3b 2 − 4bc + c 2 ) O

⇒ a=
12
⇒ 12a + 7b − c = ± (11b − 5c ) C
⇒ 12a − 4b + 4c = 0
D
or 12a + 18b − 6c = 0
⇒ 3a − b + c = 0 C ≡ (2a + b − a, b − b )
or −2a − 3b + c = 0 ∴ C ≡ (a + b, 0 )
Hence (3, − 1 ) or ( −2, − 3 ) lies on the line ax + by + c = 0, If B ≡z
40. x + 2y + 4 = 0 and 4x + 2y − 1 = 0  b ib 
z − a + +  π
⇒ x + 2y + 4 = 0  2 2 BO i 2
Then, = e = i (Q BO = AO)
and −4 x − 2y + 1 = 0  b ib  AO
(a + ib ) − a + + 
Here, (1 )( −4 ) + (2 )( −2 ) = − 8 < 0  2 2
∴Bisector of the angle including the acute angle bisectors and  b ib   b ib  ib b
⇒ z − a + +  = i  − +  = − −
origin is  2 2  2 2 2 2
x + 2y + 4 ( −4 x − 2y + 1 ) ∴ z =a
=
5 2 5 ∴ B ≡ (a, 0 )
⇒ 6 x + 6y + 7 = 0 then, D ≡ (a + b, b )
41. Let position of bunglow is P (x1, y1 ), then PM = 100 and Hence, other vertices are (a + b, 0 ), (a, 0 ) and (a + b, b ).
PN = 100 43. (y − y1 ) − m(x − x1 ) = 0 is family of lines
x1 + y1 − 8
∴ = ± 100 ∴ y − y1 = 0, x − x1 = 0
2
Then, y = y1 and x = x1
x1 − y1 + 6
and = ± 100 44. Given lines L1 = 0 and L2 = 0 are perpendicular and given
2
Y bisectors are λ 1L1 − λ 2L2 = 0 and λ 1L1 + λ 2L2 = 0
∴bisectors are perpendicular to each other.
(0, 8) (0, 6) Hence, bisectors of λ 1L1 − λ 2L2 = 0 and λ 1L1 + λ 2L2 = 0 are
M L1 = 0 and L2 = 0.
 θ + φ
y–x=6 P(x, y) x+y=8 45. ∴ One bisector makes an angle   with X -axis, then
 2 
X′ X  θ + φ
(–6, 0) O (8, 0) other bisector makes an angle 90 ° +   with X -axis.
 2 
Y′
174 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry

f–q
48. QOT = CT
2 ⇒ | x − 0| + | y − 0| = | x − 4| + | y − 3|
Q x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
⇒ x + y = | x − 4| + | y − 3|
f–q f+q Case I : If 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 3
q+ =
q f 2 2 x + y = 4 − x + 3 −y
(3, –5) 7
⇒ x+y =
2
Case II : If 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 and y ≥ 3
∴ Equations of bisectors are x + y = 4− x + y − 3
x −3 y +5 1
= …(i) ⇒ x=
 θ + φ  θ + φ 2
cos  sin  
 2   2  Case III : If x ≥ 4 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 3
x −3 y +5 x + y = x − 4 + 3 −y
and =
 π θ+ φ  π θ+ φ y = −1 / 2 (impossible)
cos +  sin  + 
2 2  2 2  Case IV : If x ≥ 4 and y ≥ 3
x −3 y +5 x + y = x − 4 + y −3
⇒ = …(ii)
 θ + φ  θ + φ ⇒ 0 = −7 (impossible)
− sin   cos 
 2   2  Combining all cases, we get
x −3 y + 5 7
But given bisector are = x + y = , ∀ 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 3
cosα sin α 2
θ+φ x −3 y + 5 1
∴ α= and = [from Eq. (i)]…(iii) and x = , ∀ 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 and y ≥ 3
2 β γ 2
 θ + φ Y
∴ β = − sin   = − sin α [from Eq. (ii)]
 2 
 θ + φ 3
and γ = cos   = cosα
 2 
46. QOR = AR
⇒ | x − 0| + | y − 0| = | x −1| + | y − 2| X
O 1/2 3.5
⇒ | x| + | y | = | x − 1| + | y − 2|
Q 0 ≤ x < 1 and 0 ≤ y < 2 Sol. (Q. Nos. 49 to 51)
∴ x + y = − ( x − 1 ) − (y − 2 ) AB : 2 x − y + 4 = 0,
⇒ 2 x + 2y = 3 BC : x − 2y − 1 = 0
47. OS = BS and CA : x + 3y − 3 = 0
⇒ | x − 0| + | y − 0| = | x − 2| + | y − 3| Y
Y

C
X¢ O
infinte ray X

X
O 1 2 B
Y¢

∴ mAB = m1 = 2
⇒ | x| + | y | = | x − 2| + | y − 3| 1
Q x ≥ 2 and 0 ≤ y < 3 mBC = m2 =
2
∴ x + y = x −2 + 3 −y 1
⇒ 2y = 1 and mCA = m3 = −
3
1
∴ y = Q m1 > m2 > m3
2
 Chap 02 The Straight Lines 175

49. Q ∠A is obtuse 2 9
− −
m3 − m1 5  5
∴ tan A = or y − 2 − = 5 2 x + 
1 + m3 m1 2 −2 + 5  2
5 2
1
− −2 or 7 x + 3y + 4 = 0
= 3 = −7
2 53. Coordinates of vertex B are (λ, 2 − λ )
1−
3  5 9
i.e. − ,  [from Eq. (i)]
50. For external bisector of B  2 2
AB : 2 x − y + 4 = 0
54. A ≡ (1, 3) and B ≡  − , 
5 9
BC : − x + 2y + 1 = 0  2 2
Q (2 )( −1 ) + ( −1 )(2 ) = − 4 < 0 ∴ Equation of AB is
∴ External bisector of B is 9
−3
 2x − y + 4 ( − x + 2y + 1 )
  =− y −3 = 2 (x − 1)
 5  5 5
− −1
or x+y +5=0 2
or 3 x + 7y = 24
51. Let (α, β) be the image of B(−3, − 2) w.r.t. the line
x + 3y − 3 = 0, then 55. Any point on the line 3x − y = 2 is (t, 3t − 2), t being parameter.
α + 3 β + 2 −2( −3 − 6 − 3 ) If ( x, y ) be image of the point (t, 3t − 2 ) in the line y = x − 1 or
= = x − y − 1 = 0, then
1 3 1+9
x − t y − (3t − 2 )
α + 3 β + 2 12 =
or = = 1 −1
1 3 5 2(t − 3t + 2 − 1 )
3 26 =−
or α = − and β = 1+1
5 5
x − t y − 3t + 2
 3 26 ⇒ = = 2t − 1
∴ Required image is  − ,  , 1 −1
 5 5
or x − t = 2t − 1
Sol. (Q. Nos. 52 to 54)
⇒ x + 1 = 3t …(i)
Let B ≡ (λ, 2 − λ ) (Q B lies on x + y = 2)
and y − 3t + 2 = − 2t + 1
1+λ
Slope of line AB = m1 = ⇒ y + 1 =t …(ii)
1−λ
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
5 λ − 12
and Slope of line BC = m2 = x + 1 = 3 (y + 1 )
−5 λ − 2
⇒ x − 3y = 2
12 − 5 λ
= 56. Any point on the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 is (2 cosθ, 2sin θ ),θ being
2 + 5λ
parameter.
Let slope of bisector ( x + y = 2 ) = m3 = − 1 If ( x, y ) be image of the point (2 cosθ, 2 sin θ ), in the line
m3 − m1 m − m3 x + y = 2, then
Now, = 2
1 + m3m1 1 + m2m3 x − 2 cosθ y − 2 sin θ
=
1 + λ 12 − 5 λ 1 1
−1 − +1
1−λ 2 + 5λ −2(2 cosθ + 2 sin θ − 2 )
⇒ = =
1+λ 12 − 5 λ 1+1
1− 1−
1−λ 2 + 5λ or x − 2 cosθ = y − 2 sin θ
−2 14 = − 2 cosθ − 2 sin θ + 2 …(i)
or =
−2 λ −10 + 10 λ or x − 2 cosθ = − 2 cosθ − 2 sin θ + 2
or 14 λ = − 10 + 10 λ ⇒ x − 2 = − 2sinθ
−5 and y − 2 sin θ = − 2 cosθ − 2 sin θ + 2
∴ λ= …(i)
2 ⇒ y − 2 = − 2 cosθ …(ii)
52. Equation of BC is From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
2 ( x − 2 ) 2 + (y − 2 ) 2 = 4
− − (2 − λ )
y − (2 − λ ) = 5 (x − λ ) ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 4y + 4 = 0
2
− −λ
5
176 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry

57. Any point on the parabola x 2 = 4y is (2t, t 2 ), t being parameter. ⇒ cos A = 2 cos B cosC
If ( x, y ) be image of the point (2t, t ) in the x + y = a, then
2 ⇒ − cos( B + C ) = 2 cos B cosC (QA + B + C = π )
⇒ − (cos B cosC − sin B sin C ) = 2 cos B cosC
x − 2t y − t 2
+ or sin B sin C = 3 cos B cosC
1 1 3
−2 (2t + t 2 − a ) =3 ×
= 2R 5
1+1 
9 61 
= Q R = 
= − 2t − t 2 + a 2 61  5
or x − 2t = − 2t − t 2 + a 60. Q AO = 2R cos A
⇒ x − a = −t2 …(i) 3
=2 × [from Eq. (i)]
and y − t 2 = − 2t − t 2 + a 5
⇒ y − a = −2t …(ii) 6
=
From Eqs. (i) and (ii) we get 5
(y − a ) 2 = 4t 2 = − 4( x − a ) 61. The equation of straight line through (2, 3) with slope m is
or (y − a ) = 4(a − x )
2 y − 3 = m( x − 2 )
or mx − y = 2m − 3
Sol. (Q. Nos. 58 to 60)
x y
Given orthocentre O ≡ (1, 2 ) or + =1
 2m − 3 (3 − 2m )
and circumcentre  
 m 
O′ = (2, 4 )
2m − 3
A Here, OA = or OB = 3 − 2m
m
E Q The area of ∆OAB = 12
⇒ 1 × OA × OB = 12
F 2 
O¢
O 1  2m − 3
A A or   (3 − 2m ) = ± 12
2 m 
or (2m − 3 ) 2 = ± 24m
B D M 2x–y=3 C Taking positive sign, we get 4m 2 − 36m + 9 = 0
Here D > 0, This is a quadratic in m which given two value of
Q Slope of OO′ = Slope of (2 x − y = 3 )
m, and taking negative sign, we get (2m + 3 ) 2 = 0.
3
and OD = O ′ M = −3
5 This gives one line of m as .
2
Let R be the circumradius
Hence, three straight lines are possible.
∴ O ′ M = R cos A
3 62. Q Point of intersection of ax + 3y − 1 = 0 and ax + y + 1 = 0 is
⇒ R cos A = …(i)  2 
5 A  − , 1 and point of intersection of ax + 3y − 1 = 0 and
 a 
58. R = AO ′ = (AO ) + (OO ′ )
2 2
 1 1 
x + 3y = 0 is B  ,− 
= (2 R cos A ) 2 + 5  a − 1 3(a − 1 )

 6 
2 a
=   +5 [from Eq. (i)] ⇒ Slope of OA is mOA = −
 5 2
1
61 and Slope of OB is mOB =−
= 3
5
Q mOA × mOB = −1
59. QOD = 2R cos B cosC a 1
∴ − × − = −1
3 2 3
∴ 2 R cos B cosC =
5 or a = −6
= R cos A [from Eq. (i)] …(ii) ∴ |a | = 6
 Chap 02 The Straight Lines 177

63. Here, B is the image of A w.r.t line y = x 66. Let a be the length of side of square
∴ B ≡ (2, 1 ) and C is the image of A w.r.t line x − 2y + 1 = 0 if ∴ a 2 + a 2 = 22 ⇒ a = 2
C ≡ (α , β ), then i.e. distance between parallel lines is 2
α − 1 β − 2 −2(1 − 4 + 1 ) Now, let two lines of family y = x + n are y = x + n, and
= =
1 −2 1+4 y = x + n2, where
9 2 n1, n2 ∈ { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 }
or α = and β =
5 5 | n1 − n2|
∴ = 2
 9 2  2
∴ C ≡ , 
 5 5 or | n1 − n2| = 2
⇒ Equation of BC is ⇒ {n1, n2 } are { 0, 2 }, {1, 3 } and {2, 4 }
2  Hence, both the family have three such pairs. So, the number
 − 1 of squares possible is 3 × 3 = 9.
5 
y −1 = (x − 2)
9  67. Let the coordinate of C be (1, c ), then
 − 2
5  c −y
m2 =
or 3x − y − 5 = 0 (Q Eq. of BC is ax + by − 5 = 0) 1−x
Here, a = 3, b = − 1 c − m1x
or m2 = (Q slope of AB = m1)
∴ a − 2b = 5 1−x
64. On the line y = 1, the number of lattice points is ⇒ m2 (1 − x ) = c − m1x
2007 − 223  or c = (m1 − m2 ) x + m2
= 198
 9  1
Now, the area of ∆ABC is | cx − y |
Y 2
1
= ((m1 − m2 ) x + m2 ) x − m1x| (Qy = m1x)
(0, 9) B
2
1
= (m1 − m2 )( x − x 2 ) [Qm1 > m2 and x ∈( 0, 1 )]
2
1
2 Hence, f (x ) = (x − x 2 )
1 2
X
O A df ( x ) 1
(223, 0) ∴ = (1 − 2 x )
dx 2
d 2 f (x )
Hence, the total number of points and = −1 < 0
dx 2
2007 − 223y 
8
= ∑  9 
For maximum of
df ( x ) 1
y =1
f ( x ), =0 ⇒ x=
= 198 + 173 + 148 + 123 + 99 + 74 + 49 + 24 = 888 dx 2
Hence, tens place digit is 8. 1  1 1
∴ f ( x ) max =  − 
2  2 4
65. A rough sketch of the lines is given.
1
There are three triangle namely ABC, BCD and ABD = =λ (given)
8
A
1
⇒ =8
λ
68. Equation of AB is 3x − 2y + 6 = 0
Y
Y
A (0, 3)
C
B D
P(l, l+1)
2
y= +3
3

3x+

C (6, 1)
x+
x+

2x

y=
y=

y=

X¢ X
3

X¢ X B O
O (–2, 0)
Y¢
Y¢
178 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry

Equation of BC is x − 8y + 2 = 0, 71. (A)

Equation of CA is x + 3y − 9 = 0 L1
Let P ≡ (λ, λ + 1)
Q B and P lie on one side of AC, then L2
λ + 3( λ + 1 ) − 9
>0
−2 + 0 − 9
or 4λ − 6 < 0 L3
3
or λ< (i)
2 In this case no circle
and C and P lie on one side of AB, then ∴ n = 0 ⇒ n + 1 =1
3 λ − 2( λ + 1 ) + 6 (B)
>0
18 − 2 + 6
or λ+4>0
or λ > −4 …(ii) In this case no circle
Finally, A and P lie on one side of BC, then ∴ n = 0 ⇒ 2n + 3 = 3
λ − 8( λ + 1 ) + 2
>0 (C)
0 − 24 + 2
or −7 λ − 6 < 0
6
or λ>− …(iii)
7
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
6 3 In this case two circle which are touching all three lines
− <λ< ∴ n =2 ⇒ n + 2 = 4
7 2
Integral values of λ are 0 and 1. (D)
Hence, number of integral values of λ is 2.
69. Lines
(2a + b ) x + (a + 3b )y + b − 3a = 0
or a (2 x + y − 3 ) + b ( x + 3y + 1 ) = 0
are concurrent at the point of intersection of lines
2 x + y − 3 = 0 and x + 3y + 1 = 0 which is (2, − 1 ).
Now, line λx + 2y + 6 = 0 must pass through (2, − 1 ), therefore,
2 λ − 2 + 6 or λ = − 2
In this case four circle which are touching all three lines
∴ | λ| = 2
∴ n = 4⇒ n + 2 =6
70. Since, PQ is of fixed length.
72. (A) The given lines an concurrent. So,
1
Area of ∆PQR = | PQ | | RP |sinθ 1 −2 −6
2
3 1 −4 = 0
This will be maximum, if sinθ = 1 and RP is maximum.
λ 4 λ2
R or λ2 + 2 λ − 8 = 0
or λ = 2, − 4
P (4, 4)
∴ | λ | = 2, 4
q
(B) Given family is
(0, 7)R¢
3 x(a + 1 ) + 4y (a − 1 ) − 3(a − 1 ) = 0
Q 3x+4y+5=0 or a(3 x + 4y − 3 ) + (3 x − 4y + 3 ) = 0
for fixed point=
3 x + 4y − 3 = 0
Since, line y = mx + 7 rotates about ( 0, 7 ), if PR′ is
and 3 x − 4y + 3 = 0
perpendicular to the line than PR′ is maximum value of PR.
3
 4 − 0 4 ∴ x = 0, y =
∴ m=−  = 4
 4 − 7 3
 3
Fixed point is  0,  ,
Hence, 3m = 4  4
 Chap 02 The Straight Lines 179

3 −4 1
Here p = 0, q = ∴ < λ < or −8 < 6 λ < 3
4 3 2
∴ 4| λ | = 4| p − q | = 3 Integral values of 6λ are
(C) The point of intersection of x − y + 1 = 0 and −7, −6, −5, −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2
3 x + y − 5 = 0 is (1, 2). It lies on the line ∴ |6λ | = 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
λ (D)Q A ≡ ( −2, 4 )
x + y − 1 −  = 0
2 7
The points on the line y = , whose x-coordinates lies between
λ 2
⇒ 1 + 2 − 1 −  = 0 7
2 0 (put y = in 4y + x − 14 = 0)
2
or | λ | = 4 or λ = − 4, 4
−11 7
∴ λ + 1 = − 3, 5 or | λ + 1| = 3, 5 and (put y = in y + 3 x + 2 = 0)
6 2
(D) The mid-point of (1, − 2 ) and (3, 4) will satisfy
−11
y − x −1 + λ = 0 ∴ <λ<0
6
or 1 −2 −1 + λ = 0
or −11 < 6 λ < 0
∴ λ = 2 or | λ | = 2
Integral value of 6λ are
73. −10, − 9, − 8, − 7, −6, −3, − 2, − 1
y+

Y
3x+

∴ |6 λ | = 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
x=1
2=

74. (A)Q max. {| x|,| y | } = 1

0

A (0, 7/2)
E If | x| = 1 and if | y | = 1
C 4 y +x then x = ± 1 and y = ± 1
–1 4 =
0
D y=2 Y
(0,5/3) y=1
B
X¢ X
O
0
5=
2x–
3 y–
X¢ X
Y¢ x=–1 O x=1
(A) The points on the line x = 0, whose y-coordinate lies
5 7
between and inside the triangle ABC.
3 2 y=–1
5 7 Y¢
∴ <λ< or 5 < 3 λ < 10.5
3 2
∴ Required area = 2 × 2 = 4 sq units
∴ |3 λ | = 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
(B) The line y = x cuts the lines | x + y | = 6
(B)QC ≡ (2, 3 )
i.e. x + y = ±6
The points on the line x = 1, whose y-coordinate lies between
at x = ± 3, y = ± 3
8
( put x = 1 in 3y − 2 x − 5 = 0) or ( −3, − 3 ) and (3, 3)
3
then −3 < a < 3
13
and (put x = 1 in 4y + x − 14 = 0) ∴ 0 ≤ | a| < 3
4
8 13 ∴ [| a| ] = 0, 1, 2
∴ <λ< or 8 < 3 λ < 9.75 (C) Since (0, 0) and (1, 1) lie on the same side.
3 4
∴ |3 λ | = 9 So, a 2 + ab + 1 > 0
(C)Q B ≡ ( −1, 1 ) Q Coefficient of a 2 is > 0
The point on the line y = 2, whose x-coordinate lies between ∴ D<0
−4 b 2 − 4 < 0 or −2 < b < 2
(put y = 2 in y + 3 x + 2 = 0)
3
⇒ b = − 1, 0, 1
1
and (put y = 2 in 3y − 2 x − 5 = 0) ∴ Number of values of b is 3.
2
180 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry

75. (A) Q d (x, y ) = 2| x| + 3| y | = 6 (given) (C)∴ Slope of AC × slope of BC = − 1

| x| | y | Y
∴ + =1
3 2 C(l, m)
Y

(0, 6) B
B (0, 2)
13 13
C A
X′ Q X
(–3, 0) (3, 0) X
O A(6, 0)
13 13
D (0, –2)  µ − 0  µ − 6 
⇒   ×  = −1
 λ − 6  λ − 0
Y′ ⇒ µ 2 − 6µ = − λ2 + 6 λ
∴Perimeter, λ = 4 13 or λ2 + µ 2 − 6 λ − 6µ = 0

and area,
1
µ = 4 × × 3 × 2 = 12 Hence, locus of ( λ , µ ) is
2 x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 6y = 0
λ2
then −µ =1 76. Q x(a + 2b ) + y (a + 3b ) = a + b
16
⇒ a ( x + y − 1 ) + b (2 x + 3y − 1 ) = 0
and λ2 − µ 2 = 64
then x + y − 1 = 0 and 2 x + 3y − 1 = 0
Hence, locus of ( λ , µ ) are ∴ point of intersection is (2, − 1 )
x 2 − 16y = 16 Hence, both statement are true and statement II is correct
and x 2 − y 2 = 64 explanation for statement I.
(B) It is clear that orthocentre is (6, 6) 77. Q Algebraic perpendicular from (3, 2) to the line
O′ ≡ (6, 6 ), 9−4+1 6
3 x − 2y + 1 = 0 is i.e. = p1 (say)
Circumcentre is C′ ≡ (3, 3 ) and centroid is G′ ≡ ( 4, 4 ) (9 + 4 ) 13
Y and algebraic perpendicular distance from (1, 4) to the line
3 x − 2y + 1 = 0 is
B (6, 6) 3 −8 + 1 −4
(0, 6) C i.e. = p2 (say)
9+4 13
6 −4 −24
∴ p1p 2 = × = <0
13 13 13
Hence, both statements are true and statement II is a correct
explanation for statement I.
78. Sum of algebraic distances from points A(1, 2), B(2, 3), C(6, 1) to
X
O A (6, 0) the line ax + by + c = 0 is zero (given), then
a + 2b + c (2a + 3b + c ) (6a + b + c )
+ + =0
∴ λ = O′ C ′ = ( 0 − 3 ) 2 + (6 − 3 ) 2 (a 2 + b 2 ) (a 2 + b 2 ) (a 2 + b 2 )
= 9 + 9 =3 2 ⇒ 9a + 6b + 3c = 0
and µ = C ′ G′ = ( 4 − 3 ) 2 + ( 4 − 3 ) 2 or 3a + 2b + c = 0
∴ Statement I is false.
= 1+1= 2
 1 + 2 + 6 2 + 3 + 1
Also, centroid of ∆ABC is  , 
∴ λ − µ = 16 and λ = 3µ
2 2
 3 3 
Hence, locus of ( λ , µ ) are i.e. (3, 2)
x 2 − y 2 = 16 and x = 3y ∴ Statement II is true.
 Chap 02 The Straight Lines 181

79. Equation of AB is Also, (2a − 5, a 2 ) and ( 0, 0 ) on the same side of x + y − 3 = 0,

0 −1 then
y −1 = ( x − 0 ) ⇒ x + 2y − 2 = 0
2−0 2a − 5 + a 2 − 3
>0
Q | PA − PB| ≤ | AB| 0 + 0 −3
⇒| PA − PB| to be maximum, then A, B and P must be ⇒ a 2 + 2a − 8 < 0
collinear.
or (a + 4 )(a − 2 ) < 0
Solving x + 2y − 2 = 0
∴ a ∈ ( −4, 2 )
and 4 x + 3y + 9 = 0,
⇒ Statement I is false
 24 17
we get, P ≡ ,  Hence, statement I is false and statement II is true.
5 5
BD R
Hence, Statement I is false and Statement II is obviously true. 84. In ∆OBD, = ...(i)
sin ( π − 2 C ) sin θ
80. Statement II is false as the point satisfying such a property can DC R
be the excentre of the triangle. In ∆ODC, = ...(ii)
sin ( π − 2 B ) sin ( π − θ )
 π  π
Let L1 ≡ x cos  + y sin   − π = 0, BD sin 2 C
 9  9 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), =
DC sin 2 B
 8π   8π 
L2 ≡ x cos  + y sin   − π = 0 and
 9  9 (x1,y1)A

 13 π   8π 
L3 ≡ x cos  + y sin   − π = 0
 9   9
h R
and P ≡ ( 0, 0 ) 2C 2B
Length ⊥ from P to L1 = Length of ⊥ from P to L2 = Length of ⊥ R O R
from P to L3 = π and P lies inside the triangle. π–2C π–2B
θ π– θ
∴P( 0, 0 ) is incentre of triangle. (x2,y2)B C(x3,y3)
D
Hence, statement I is true and statement II is false.
81. Q Mid-point of (5, 1) and (−1, − 5) i.e. (2, − 2) lies on x + y = 0
and (slope of x + y = 0) × (slope of line joining (5, 1) ∴ Coordinates of D are
−6  x 2 sin 2 B + x 3 sin 2 C y 2 sin 2 B + y 3 sin 2 C 
and (−1, − 5)) = ( −1 ) ×  , 
−6  sin 2 B + sin 2 C sin 2 B + sin 2C 
∴ Statement I is true.
Let ( x, y ) be any point on AD, then equation of AD is
Statement II is also true.
 
Hence, both statements are true but statement II is not correct  x y 1
explanation of statement I.  x1 y1 1= 0
82. Equation of AC and BC are 3x + 2y = 0 and 2x + 3y + 6 = 0  
Q(3 )(2 ) + (2 )(3 ) = 12 > 0  x 2 sin 2 B + x 3 sin 2 C y 2 sin 2 B + y 3 sin 2 C 1
 sin 2 B + sin 2 C sin 2 B + sin 2 C 
∴Internal angle bisector of C is
 3 x + 2y   2 x + 3y + 6  x y
  = −  or 
 13   13   x1 y1
or 5 x + 5y + 6 = 0 x 2 sin 2 B + x 3 sin 2 C y 2 sin 2 B + y 3 sin 2 C
⇒ Statement I is true. 1 
Also, the image of A about the angle bisectors of angle B and C 1 = 0

lie on the side BC. (by congruence). sin 2 B + sin 2 C 
∴ Statement II is true.  x y 1 
Both statements are true and statement II is not correct 
or  x1 y1 1 
explanation of statement I. 
x 2 sin 2 B y 2 sin 2 B sin 2 B
83. Q Points (x1, y1 ) and (x 2, y 2 ) lie on the same or opposite sides of
 x y 1 
the line
+
 x1 y1 1  = 0
ax + by + c = 0, as
ax1 + by1 + c 3
x sin 2 C y 3 sin 2 C sin 2 C
> 0 or < 0
ax 2 + by 2 + c x y 1  x y 1
∴ Statement II is true. or (sin 2 B ) 
x1 y1 1 + (sin 2 C ) 
 
x1 y1 1 = 0
x 2 y 2 1 x 3 y 3 1
182 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry

85. Let (x1, y1 ) be the coordinates of a point at unit distance from ∴ Equation of OP is y = x tan (90 ° − α )
each of the given lines. y
or cot α =
|3 x1 − 4y1 + 1| |8 x1 + 6y1 + 1| x
⇒ = 1 and =1
32 + 42 82 + 62 x
∴ sin α =
⇒ 3 x1 − 4y1 + 1 = ± 5 and 8 x1 + 6y1 + 1 = ± 10 (x + y 2 )
2

⇒ 3 x1 − 4y1 − 4 = 0 ...(i) and cos α =

y
...(ii)
or 3 x1 − 4y1 + 6 = 0 ...(ii) (x 2 + y 2 )
8 x1 + 6y1 − 9 = 0 ...(iii) Substituting the values of sin α and cos α from Eq. (i) in (i)
or 8 x1 + 6y1 + 11 = 0 ...(iv) then we get the required locus of P
(1) ∩ (3) x y
∴ + =k
⇒ x1 / 60 = y1 / − 5 = 1 / 50, y / (x 2 + y 2 ) x / (x 2 + y 2 )
6 1
∴ ( x1, y1 ) =  , −  ⇒ ( x 2 + y 2 ) ( x 2 + y 2 ) = kxy
 5 10
(1) ∩ (4) Squaring both sides, we get
⇒ x1 / − 20 = y1 / − 65 = 1 / 50, ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) = k 2x 2y 2
 2 13  x2 y2 
∴ ( x1, y1 ) =  − , −  or (x 2 + y 2 )2  2 2 + 2 2  = k 2
 5 10 x y xy 
(2) ∩ (3) or ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 ( x −2 + y −2 ) = k 2
⇒ x1 / 0 = y1 / 75 = 1 / 50, ∴ ( x1, y1 ) = ( 0, 3 / 2 )
(2) ∩ (4)
87. Let the equation of variable line be
ax + by = 1. Then the coordinates of Ap will be
 8 3
⇒ x1 / − 80 = y1 / 15 = 1 / 50, ∴ ( x1, y1 ) =  − ,   1 p 
 5 10 Ap ≡  , 
 a + bp a + bp 
Hence, the required four points have the coordinates
6 1   2 13  3  8 3 

nx
 , −  ,  − , −  ,  0,  ,  − ,  .
y=
5 10  5 10  2  5 10

3x
Y
2x

y=
y=
86. Let ∠OAB = α y=
x
An
∴ OA = AB cos α and OB = AB sin α
A3
Q (OA ) 2 + (OB ) 2 = k 2 A2
A1
Y
ax
+
by
=

X′ X
1

B O

P
Y′
90°– α α
X′ X (1 + p 2 )
O A ∴ OAp = ...(i)
Y′ | a + bp |
n
1
i.e. ( AB ) 2 (cos2 α + sin 2 α ) = k 2 Given, Σ =c
p =1 OAp
or AB = k
OA = k cos α and OB = k sin α
n
| a + bp |
then ⇒ Σ =c [from Eq. (1)]
x y p =1 (1 + p 2 )
∴ Equation of AB is + =1
k cos α k sin α  n   n 
1 p
x y ⇒ a ±

Σ  +b ± Σ  =c
or +
cos α sin α
=k ...(i)  p =1 (1 + p )  2 
 p =1 (1 + p )  2

 n
1   n
p 
Let P be the foot of perpendicular from O on AB.  Σ   Σ 
 p =1 (1 + p ) 
2
 p =1 (1 + p )  2
or a  ±  +b ±  =1
(x 2+y 2) c c
x    
   
   
α
y
 Chap 02 The Straight Lines 183

So, line always passes through a fixed point whose coordinates y1

a+b
are n x1
then = [from Eq. (iv)]
  ( x12 + y12 ) y 
2
 n 1 n p  1 +  1
 ± p Σ= 1 ± Σ
2   x1 
 (1 + p )
2 p = 1 (1 + p ) 
, ⇒ n = ay1 + bx1
 c c 
  Hence, locus of point R is bx + ay = n.
88. Let the equation of given n lines be 89. First equation can be expressed as
y = m r x + cr , (2 x + 3y − 5 ) cos θ + (3 x − 5y + 2 ) sin θ = 0
where r = 1, 2, 3, .... ,n ...(i) ⇒ (2 x + 3y − 5 ) + (3 x − 5y + 2 ) tan θ = 0
Let equation of line through origin O is It is clear that these lines will pass through the point of
y = mx ...(ii) intersection of the lines
2 x + 3y − 5 = 0 
Y′  ...(i)
3 x − 5y + 2 = 0 
y = mx
Rn for all values of θ.
y = mnx+cn Solving the system of Eq. (i), we get (1, 1).
Hence, the fixed point is P (1, 1 ). Let Q (α , β ) be the reflection of
R3 P (1, 1 ) in the line x + y = 2.
α − 1 β − 1 − 2 (1 + 1 − 2 )
R2 Then = = = 2 −2
y = m3x+c3 1 1 12 + 12
R
R1 y = m2x+c2 ∴ α = 2 − 1, β = 2 − 1
i.e. Q ≡ ( 2 − 1, 2 − 1 )
y = m1x+c1 If the required family of lines is
X′ X (2 cos θ + 3 sin θ ) x + (3 cos θ − 5 sin θ ) y = λ
O
in order that each member of the family pass through Q, we
Y′ have
λ = ( 2 − 1 ) (2 cos θ + 3 sin θ + 3 cos θ − 5 sin θ )
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii) , we get
 cr mcr  λ = ( 2 − 1 ) (5 cos θ − 2 sin θ )
Rr ≡  , 
 m − mr m − mr  Hence, equation of required family is
2 2 (2 cos θ + 3 sin θ ) x + (3 cos θ − 5 sin θ ) y
 cr   m cr  = ( 2 − 1 ) (5 cos θ − 2 sin θ ).
∴ OR r =   + 
 m − mr   m − mr 
90. Let R (h, k ) be the foot of perpendicular from Q on OP.
 c 
=  r  (1 + m 2 ) ...(iii) Let equation of OP be
m − mr
Y
Let R ≡ ( x1, y1 )
y1
∴ y1 = mx1 ⇒ m = ...(iv) P(a,ma)
x1
mx x x
n n
1 y=
Given, = Σ R
OR r = 1 OR r x–a=0

m − mr
Σ 
n
n  1
⇒ = [from Eq . (iii)] θ
( x12 + y12 ) r = 1 cr  (1 + m 2 ) X′ X
O Q A(a,0)
  n  1 
1 n
 m  Y′
= m  Σ ±  + Σ m r  
(1 + m ) 
2  r = 1  cr   r = 1  cr   y = mx
1 then k = mh
= (ma + b ) k
(1 + m 2 ) or m= ...(i)
h
  1 n
 mr  n
where a = Σ  ±  and b = Σ  m  and coordinates of P ≡ (a , ma )
r = 1  cr  r =1  cr 

184 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry

Q PQ is the bisector of OPA  3β 

Similarly, the coordinates of C are  0, 
∴ ∠APQ = ∠RPQ  3 − α
and ∠PAQ = ∠QRP = 90 ° Now, the equation of AD is
∴ PA = PR x (6 − α )
+ y =1 ...(i)
then | ma | = (h − a ) 2 + (k − ma ) 2 3 6β
2 and the equation of OU is
From Eq. (i), ak = (h − a ) 2 + k − ak 
h   h βx = αy ...(ii)
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ a | k | = |(h − a )| (h 2 + k 2 ) 6α 6β
x= ,y =
Hence, required locus is 6+α 6+α
( x − a ) 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) = a 2y 2  6α 6β 
Hence, coordinates of V are  , 
91. Let the coordinates of the vertex be (h, k ) and equations of the 6 + α 6 + α
bases be Then, the equation of CV is
x cos α r + y sin α r − pr = 0 where r = 1 , 2 , 3 , ...., n 6β 3β
−
and their lengths be respectively l1, l 2, l 3, ...., ln . 3β 6 + α 3 −α
y − = (x − 0)
Q Length of perpendicular from (h, k ) on 3 −α 6α
−0
x cos α r + y sin α r − pr = 0 is 6+α
| h cos α r + k sin α r − pr | 3β − 9α β
, ⇒ y − = x
(cos2 α + sin 2 α ) 3 −α 6 α (3 − α )
i.e. | h cos α r + k sin α r − pr | 3β  x
⇒ y = 1 − 
Given, sum of areas of all triangles = constant (3 − α )  2
then which pass through the point (2, 0) for all values of (α , β ).
n
1
Σ lr ⋅ | h cos αr + k sin αr − pr | = C ′ 93. Let the equation of the variable line through `O' be
r =1 2
x y
n
1 =
⇒ Σ . lr . (± (h cos αr + k sin αr − pr )) = C ′ cos θ sin θ
r =1 2
and let OR = r1, OS = r2 and OP = r3
 n 1   n 1 
⇒ h  Σ ± lr cos α r  + k  Σ ± lr . sin α r  L2
r = 1 2  r = 1 2  Y
n
1
= Σ ± lr . pr + C ′
r =1 2 S
⇒ Ah + Bk = − C R y=c
L1
∴ Required locus is
P(h,k)
Ax + By + C = 0
X′ X
where A, B, C are constants. O
ax
+

92. The equation of BU is

by

Y′
=

0 −β
1

y −β = (x − α )
6 −α Then coordinates of R , S and P are :
 6β  R (r1 cos θ, r1 sin θ ), S (r2 cos θ, r2 sin θ ), P (r3 cos θ, r3 sin θ )
So that the coordinates of D are  0,  R lies on L1 and S lies on L2.
 6 − α
Let L1 ≡ y − c = 0
Y
and L2 ≡ ax + by − 1 = 0
C ∴ r1 sin θ = c and ar2 cos θ + br2 sin θ = 1
c 1
D ∴ r1 = and r2 =
U(α,β) sin θ a cos θ + b sin θ
V From the given condition
m+n m n
= +
X′ X r3 r1 r2
O (2,0) A(3,0) B(6,0)
m + n m sin θ
Y′
⇒ = + n (a cos θ + b sin θ ) ...(i)
r3 c
 Chap 02 The Straight Lines 185

Let the coordinates of P be (h, k ), then Let P ≡ (α , β )

h = r3 cos θ, k = r3 sin θ
Y
mr sin θ mx
From Eq. (i), m + n = 3 + n (ar3 cos θ + br3 sin θ ) y=
c
mk P B(b,mb)
⇒ m+n= + n (ah + bk )
c
my R(h,k)
Locus of P is n (ax + by ) + = (m + n )
c
m X′ X
⇒ n (ax + by − 1 ) + (y − c ) = 0 O (b,0)Q A(a,0)
c
m
⇒ (ax + by − 1 ) + (y − c ) = 0 Y′
nc
Q P be the foot of perpendicular from A on y = mx, then
 m
⇒ L2 + λL1 = 0  where, λ =  α − a β − 0 − ( 0 − ma )
 nc  = =
−m 1 (1 + m 2 )
Hence, locus of P is a point of intersection of L1 and L2.
a am
94. The given lines are ∴ α= , β=
1+m 2
1 + m2
x + 3y + 2 = 0 ...(i)
 a am 
2x + y + 4 = 0 ...(ii) i.e. P ≡ , 
x −y −5 = 0 ...(iii)  1 + m 1 + m2 
2

Equation of the line passing through A ( − 5 , − 4 ) and making ∴ Equation of PQ is

an angle θ with the positive direction of X-axis is am
−0
x+5 y +4 1 + m2
= = r ( AB, AC , AD ) ...(iv) y −0= (x − b )
cos θ sin θ a
− b
∴ Points ( − 5 + AB cos θ, − 4 + AB sin θ ), 1 + m2
( − 5 + AC cos θ, − 4 + AC sin θ ) and a
( − 5 + AD cos θ, − 4 + AD sin θ ) lie on Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii) ⇒ (y − mx ) + am − (1 + m 2 ) y = 0 ...(ii)
b
respectively.
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), then
( − 5 + AB cos θ ) + 3 ( − 4 + AB sin θ ) + 2 = 0
a
⇒ AB (cos θ + 3 sin θ ) = 15 (y − mx + k ) + (mh − k − (1 + m 2 ) y ) = 0
b
15
⇒ = cos θ + 3 sin θ ⇒ (mh − k − (1 + m 2 ) y ) + λ (y − mx + k ) = 0
AB
10  a
Similarly, = 2 cos θ + sin θ  where, λ = 
AC  b
6 Hence PQ pass through a fixed point.
and = cos θ − sin θ
AD For fixed point
From given condition mh − k − (1 + m 2 ) y = 0, y − mx + k = 0
2 2 2
 15   10   6  mh − k h + mk
  +  =  y = ,x=
 AB   AC   AD  (1 + m 2 ) (1 + m 2 )
we get (cos θ + 3 sin θ ) 2 + (2 cos θ + sin θ ) 2 = (cos θ − sin θ ) 2  h + mk mh − k 
Hence, fixed point is  , .
⇒ 4 cos θ + 9 sin θ + 12 sin θ cos θ = 0
2 2
 1 + m2 1 + m2 
⇒ (2 cos θ + 3 sin θ ) 2 = 0 96. Given lines are parallel and distance between them < 2
2 Given lines are
∴ tan θ = −
3 2x + y = 3 ...(i)
Hence the equation of the line from Eq. (iv) is and 2x + y = 5 ...(ii)
2 Equation of any line through Eqs. (ii) and (iii) is
y + 4 = − ( x + 5 ) ⇒ 2 x + 3y + 22 = 0
3 y − 3 = m (x − 2)
95. Q A, R and B are collinear or y = mx − 2m + 3 ...(iii)
k − 0 mb − 0 Let line (iii) cut lines (i) and (ii) at A and B respectively.
then, =
h −a b −a Solving Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get
a  2m 6 − m 
∴ k − am + mh − k = 0 ...(i) A≡ , 
b  m + 2 m + 2
186 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry

and solving Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get Also tanθ = − 2 (slope of 2 x + y = 5)
 2m + 2 m + 6 Now, equation of required lines are
B≡ , 
 m + 2 m + 2 y − 3 = tan (θ ± α ) ( x − 2 )
According to question AB = 2  tan θ ± tan α 
⇒ y −3 =   (x − 2)
⇒ ( AB ) 2 = 4  1 m tan θ tan α 
2 2 1
 2   2m  ( −2 ) ±
⇒   +  =4 2 (x −2)
 m + 2  m + 2 ⇒ y −3 =
 1
1 m ( −2 )  
⇒ 1 + m 2 = m 2 + 4m + 4 ...(iv)  2
Case I : When m is finite (line is not perpendicular to X-axis)  1
 −2 ± 
then from Eq. (iv).  2
⇒ y −3 = (x − 2)
1 = 4m + 4 1 m ( −1 )
3
∴ m=−  1
4 ⇒ (1 m ( −1 )) (y − 3 ) =  −2 ±  ( x − 2 )
 2
Case II : When m is infinite (line is perpendicular to X-axis)
3
then from Eq. (iv), ⇒ x − 2 = 0 and 2y − 6 = − (x − 2)
1 4 4 2
+ 1 =1 + + i.e. x − 2 = 0 and 3 x + 4y − 18 = 0
m2 m m2
0 + 1 =1 + 0 + 0 Aliter II : Any line through (2 , 3 ) is
1 = 1 which is true x −2 y −3
= =r
Hence m → ∞ acceptable. cosθ sin θ
Hence, equation of the required lines are Suppose this line cuts 2 x + y = 5 and 2 x + y = 3 at D and C
3 respectively but given DC = 2
y − 3 = − (x − 2)
4 then D ≡ (2 + r cosθ, 3 + r sin θ )
y −3 and C ≡ (2 + (r + 2 ) cosθ, 3 + (r + 2 ) sin θ )
and = x −2 ⇒x −2 = 0
∞ Q D and C lies on
i.e. 3 x + 4y = 18 and x − 2 = 0 2 x + y = 5 and 2 x + y = 3
Aliter I : then 2 (2 + r cosθ ) + (3 + r sin θ ) = 5 ... (v)
Q 2 x + y = 3 cuts Y-axis at ( 0, 3 ) and line 2 x + y = 5 cuts and 2 (2 + (r + 2 ) cosθ ) + (3 + (r + 2 ) sin θ ) = 3 ... (vi)
Y-axis at ( 0, 5 ) Subtracting Eq. (v) from Eq. (vi), then
Y 4 cosθ + 2 sin θ = − 2
or 2 cosθ + sin θ = − 1
 2  θ    θ 
2  1 − tan     2 tan   
 2   2
2
C α  +  = −1
⇒
  θ    2  θ 
 1 + tan     1 + tan   
2
D P(2,3)  2 2
 θ  θ  θ
A ⇒ 2 − 2 tan 2   + 2 tan   = − 1 − tan 2  
 2  2  2
M
X′ X  θ  θ
O α 2 ⇒ tan 2   − 2 tan   − 3 = 0
2x+y=5  2  2
Y′ B  θ
2x+y=3 ∴ tan   = − 1 or 3
 2
Therefore intercept on Y-axis is 2. 3
∴ tanθ = ∞ or −
Also, AM = distance between parallel lines 4
| −5 + 3| 2 ∴ Required lines are
= =
2 +1
2 2 5 y − 3 = ∞ (x − 2)
3
∴ MB = ( AB ) 2 − ( AM ) 2 = 4 −
4
=
4 and y − 3 = − (x − 2)
5 5 4
AM 1 i.e. x −2 = 0
then tanα = = and 3 x + 4y − 18 = 0
MB 2
 Chap 02 The Straight Lines 187

97. If I be the incentre of ∆OAB. 99. The line passing through the intersection of lines
If inradius =r ax + 2by + 3b = 0 and bx − 2ay − 3a = 0 is
then ID = IE = IF = r ax + 2by + 3b + λ(bx − 2ay − 3a ) = 0
Y
⇒(a + bλ ) x + (2b − 2aλ )y + 3b − 3 λa = 0
As this line is parallel to X-axis.
a
B 1,
1 ∴ a + bλ = 0 ⇒ λ = −
√3 b
F r r E a
⇒ ax + 2by + 3a − (bx − 2ay − 3a ) = 0
I b
15°
15°
r 2a 2 3a 2
X′ 15° 15°
X ⇒ ax + 2by + 3b − ax + y + =0
O D A(2,0) b b
 2a 2  3a 2
Y′ y 2b +  + 3b + =0
 b  b
If P at I,then
d ( P , OA ) = d ( P , OB ) = d ( P , AB ) = r  2b 2 + 2a 2   3b 2 + 3a 2 
y  = − 
But d ( P , OA ) ≤ min{d ( P , OB ), d ( P , AB )}  b   b 
which is possible only when P lies in the ∆OIA. −3(a 2 + b 2 ) −3
ID r y = =
∴ tan15 ° = = 2(b 2 + a 2 ) 2
OD 1 3
⇒ r = (2 − 3 ) So, it is units below X-axis.
2
1
∴ Required area = ⋅ 2 ⋅ r = r = (2 − 3 ) sq units. 100. Y
2
98. Let A ≡ (x1, y1 ), B ≡ (x 2, y 2 ) and C ≡ (x 3, y 3 ) are the vertices of P(0, b)
a triangle ABC and P ≡ (a1, b1 ), Q ≡ (a 2, b2 ) and R ≡ (a 3, b3 ) are
the vertices of triangle PQR.
Equation of perpendicular from A to QR is A(3, 4)
(a − a 3 )
y − y1 = − 2 ( x − x1 )
(b2 − b3 )
Q(a, 0)
or (a 2 − a 3 ) x + (b2 − b3 ) y − x1 (a 2 − a 3 ) − y1(b2 − b3 ) = 0 …(i) X
O
Similarly, equations of perpendiculars from B to RP and C to
PQ are respectively, Q A is the mid-point of PQ, therefore
(a 3 − a1 ) x + (b3 − b1 ) y − x 2 (a 3 − a1 ) − y 2 (b3 − b1 ) = 0 ...(ii) a+0 0+b
= 3, =4
and (a1 − a 2 ) x + (b1 − b2 ) y − x 3 (a1 − a 2 ) − y 3 (b1 − b2 ) = 0 ...(iii) 2 2
Given that lines (i), (ii) and (iii) are concurrent, then adding, ⇒ a = 6, b = 8
we get x y
( x 2 − x 3 ) a1 + ( x 3 − x1 ) a 2 + ( x1 − x 2 ) a 3 + (y 2 − y 3 ) b1 + ∴Equation of line is + = 1
6 8
(y 3 − y1 )b2 + (y1 − y 2 ) b3 = 0 ...(iv) or 4 x + 3y = 24
Now, equation of perpendicular from P to BC is
101. Clearly for point P,
(x − x 3 )
y − b1 = − 2 ( x − a1 ) y
(y 2 − y 3 ) y=3x
or ( x 2 − x 3 ) x + (y 2 − y 3 ) y − a1
( x 2 − x 3 ) − b1(y 2 − y 3 ) = 0 ...(v)
P(a, a2)
Similarly, equations of perpendiculars from Q to CA and R to
AB are respectively,
( x 3 − x1 ) x + (y 3 − y1 ) y − a 2 y= x
2
( x 3 − x1 ) − b2 (y 3 − y1 ) = 0 ...(vi)
O
and ( x1 − x 2 ) x + (y1 − y 2 ) y − a 3 x
( x1 − x 2 ) − b3 (y1 − y 2 ) = 0 ...(vii)
Adding Eqs. (v), (vi) and (vii), we get a
a 2 − 3a < 0 and a 2 − >0
LHS = 0 (identically) [ from Eq. (iv)] 2
Hence perpendiculars from P to BC, Q to CA and R to AB are 1
concurrent. ⇒ <a <3
2
188 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry

102. Point of intersection of L1 and L2 is A(0, 0). (C) Lines are not concurrent or not parallel, then
6
Also P( −2, − 2 ), Q(1, − 2 ) k ≠ 5, k ≠ − 9, k ≠ −
5
A 5
(0, 0) ∴ k=
6
(D) The given lines do not form a triangle if they are

L2
=0

:2
concurrent or any two of them are parallel.
–x

x–
:y

6
y=
∴ k = 5, k = − 9, k = −
1
L

0
5
R 3−4 −1
(– 2, –2) P L3 : y+2=0 Q (1, –2) 105. Slope of PQ = =
k −1 k −1
∴ Slope of perpendicular bisector of PQ = (k − 1 )
Q AR is the bisector of ∠PAQ, therefore R divides PQ in the
 k + 1 7
same ratio as AP : AQ. Also mid-point of PQ  , 
 2 2
Thus PR : RQ = AP : AQ = 2 2 : 5
∴ Statement I is true. ∴ Equation of perpendicular bisector is
7  k + 1
Statement II is clearly false. y − = (k − 1 )  x − 
2  2 
103. Given : The coordinates of points P , Q, R are (−1, 0), (0, 0),
(3, 3 3 ) respectively. ⇒ 2y − 7 = 2(k − 1 ) x − (k 2 − 1 )
Y ⇒ 2 (k − 1 ) x − 2y + (8 − k 2 ) = 0
R (3,3Ö3)
8 −k2
M ∴ Y -intercept = − = −4
−2
⇒ 8 − k 2 = −8 or k 2 = 16 ⇒ k = ± 4
106. If the line p(p 2 + 1)x − y + q = 0
2p/3 p/3
X¢ X and ( p 2 + 1 ) 2 x + ( p 2 + 1 )y + 2q = 0
P (–1, 0) Q (0, 0)
are perpendicular to a common line, then these lines must be
Y¢ parallel to each other,
y 2 − y1 3 3 p( p 2 + 1 ) (p 2 + 1)2
Slope of equation QR = = ∴ m1 = m2 ⇒ − =− 2
x 2 − x1 3 −1 p +1
π ⇒ ( p 2 + 1 )( p + 1 ) = 0
⇒ tanθ = 3 ⇒ θ =
3 ⇒ p = −1
π ∴p can have exactly one value.
⇒ ∠RQX =
3 b
π 2π
107. Slope of line L = −
∴ ∠RQP = π − = 5
3 3 3
Slope of line K = −
Let QM bisects the ∠PQR, c
2π Line L is parallel to line K .
∴ Slope of the line QM = tan =− 3
3 b 3
⇒ = ⇒ bc = 15
∴ Equation of line QM is (y − 0 ) = − 3( x − 0 ) 5 c
⇒ y = − 3x ⇒ 3x + y = 0 (13, 32) is a point on L.
13 32 32 8
104. (A)Q L1, L2, L3 are concurrent, then ∴ + =1 ⇒ =−
5 b b 5
1 3 −5 3
⇒ b = − 20 ⇒ c = −
3 −k −1 = 0 ⇒k = 5 4
5 2 −12 Equation of K : y − 4 x = 3
(B) slope of ( L1 ) = slope of ( L2 ) ⇒ 4x − y + 3 = 0
1 3 |52 − 32 + 3|
⇒ − = ∴ k = −9 Distance between L and K =
3 k 17
and slope of ( L3 ) = slope of ( L2 ) =
23
5 3 6 17
⇒ − = ∴ k=−
2 k 5
 Chap 02 The Straight Lines 189

108. Let the slope of line L be m. 111. Suppose B(0, 1) be any point on given line and coordinate of A
m + 3 
 is ( 3, 0 ). So, equation of
Then = 3
1 − 3m
Y (0, 1)
B

Ö3x+y=1
L
(0, 1)
X¢ X A (3, 0)
O 60°
(3, –2)
Y¢ B¢ (0, –1)
⇒ m + 3 = ± ( 3 − 3m ) −1 − 0 y −0
Reflected ray is =
⇒ 4m = 0 or 2m = 2 3 0− 3 x− 3
⇒ m = 0 or m = 3 ⇒ 3y = x − 3
Q L intersects X-axis,
 −c −c 
∴ m= 3 112. The intersection point of two lines is  , 
a + b a + b
∴Equation of L is y + 2 = 3( x − 3 )
 −c −c 
or 3 x − y − (2 + 3 3 ) = 0 Distance between (1, 1) and  ,  <2 2
a + b a + b
109. L3 2
L1  c 
⇒ 21 +  <8
 a + b
=0 P (–2, –2) c
y– x ⇒ 1+ <2
R (–1, –2) a+b
O ⇒ a + b −c > 0
(0, 0) 2x+
y= 113. Let P , Q, R, be the vertices of ∆PQR
0
P (2, 2)
L2

L1 : y − x = 0, L2 : 2 x + y = 0, L3 : y + 2 = 0
On solving the equation of lines L1 and L2, we get their point of
intersection (0, 0) i.e. origin O.
On solving the equation of lines L1 and L3,
we get P = ( −2, − 2 )
Similarly, we get Q = ( −1, − 2 )
R (7, 3)
We know that bisector of an angle of a triangle, divide the Q (6, –1) S
opposite side the triangle in the ratio of the sides including the
angle [Angle Bisector Theorem of a Triangle] Since, PS is the median, S is mid-point of QR
PR OP ( −2 ) + ( −2 ) 2
2 2
2
 7 + 6 3 − 1  13 
∴ = = = So, S = ,  =  , 1
RQ OQ ( −1 ) 2 + ( −2 ) 2 5  2 2  2 
2 −1 2
110. Let the joining points be A(1, 1) and B(2, 4). Now, slope of PS = =−
13 9
Let point C divides line AB in the ratio 3 : 2. So, by section 2−
2
formula we have
Since, required line is parallel to PS therefore slope of required
 3 × 2 + 2 × 1 3 × 4 + 2 × 1  8 14 line = slope of PS Now, eqn of line passing through (1, − 1 ) and
C = , = , 
 3+2 3+2  5 5  2
having slope − is
 8 14 9
Since Line 2x + y = k passes through C  ,  2
y − ( −1 ) = − ( x − 1 )
5 5 
9
∴C satisfies the equation 2x + y = k. 9y + 9 = − 2 x + 2
2 + 8 14
⇒ + = k ⇒k = 6 ⇒ 2 x + 9y + 7 = 0
5 5
190 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry

114. Given lines are 116. Total number of integral points inside the square OABC
4ax + 2ay + c = 0 = 40 × 40 = 1600
5bx + 2by + d = 0 Number of integral points on AC
The point of intersection will be = Number of integral points on OB
x −y 1 = 40 [namely (1, 1), (2, 2) … (40, 40)]
= =
2ad − 2bc 4ad − 5bc 8ab − 10ab
2(ad − bc ) bc − ad (0, 41) C
(41, 41)
⇒ x= = B
−2ab ab
5bc − 4ad 4ad − 5bc
⇒ y = =
−2ab 2ab
Q Point of intersection is in fourth quadrant so x is positive
and y is negative.
Also distance from axes is same
O A
So x = − y (Q distance from X-axis is −y as y is (0, 0) (41, 0)
negative)
bc − ad 5bc − 4ad
= ⇒ 3bc − 2ad = 0 ∴ Number of integral points inside the ∆OAC
ab 2ab
115. Let the point P be (x, y ) 1600 − 40
= = 780
x − y x + y 2
Then d 1( P ) =  and d 2( P ) = 
 2   2  117. x–y+1=0
D C
For P lying in first quadrant x > 0, y > 0.
Also 2 ≤ d 1( P ) + d 2( P ) ≤ 4
x −y x+y
m=0

=0
⇒ 2≤ + ≤4

7x–y–5
2 2 O (–1, –2)
7x–y+

If x > y , then
x −y + x + y
2≤ ≤ 4 or 2 ≤ x ≤ 2 2
2
A x–y+l=0 B
If x < y , then
y −x+x+y Let other two sides of rhombus are
2≤ ≤ 4 or 2 ≤ y ≤ 2 2
2 x −y + λ = 0
The required region is the shaded region in the figure given and 7x − y + µ = 0
below. then O is equidistant from AB and DC and from AD and BC
Y
∴ | −1 + 2 + 1 | = | −1 + 2 + λ | ⇒ λ = −3
y=x and | −7 + 2 − 5 | = | −7 + 2 + µ| ⇒ µ = 15
y=2 2 ∴Other two sides are
x −y −3 = 0
y= 2 and 7 x − y + 15 = 0
On solving the equation of sides pairwise, we get the vertices
 1 −8   −7 −4 
X as  ,  , (1, 2),  ,  , ( −3, − 6 )
O x= 2 x=2 2 3 3   3 3

∴ Required area = (2 2 ) 2 − ( 2 ) 2 = 8 − 2 = 6 sq units