Q.

Explain Different Type of Communication

Ans: Communication can be categorized into three basic types: (1)
verbal communication, in which you listen to a person to
understand their meaning; (2) written communication, in which you
read their meaning; and (3) nonverbal communication, in which you
observe a person and infer meaning.

Verbal Communication

verbal communications in business take place over the phone or in

person. The medium of the Message is oral. Let’s return to our
printer cartridge example. This time, the Message is being
conveyed from the Sender (the Manager) to the Receiver (an
employee named Bill) by telephone. We’ve already seen how the
Manager’s request to Bill (“We need to buy more printer toner
cartridges”) can go awry. Now let’s look at how the same Message
can travel successfully from Sender to Receiver.

Written Communication

In contrast to verbal communications, written business

communications are printed messages. Examples of written
communications include memos, proposals, e-mails, letters,
training manuals, and operating policies. They may be printed on
paper, handwritten, or appear on the screen. Normally, a verbal
communication takes place in real time. Written communication, by
contrast, can be constructed over a longer period of time. Written
communication is often asynchronous (occurring at different
times). That is, the Sender can write a Message that the Receiver
can read at any time, unlike a conversation that is carried on in real
time. A written communication can also be read by many people
(such as all employees in a department or all customers). It’s a
“one-to-many” communication, as opposed to a one-to-one verbal
conversation. There are exceptions, of course: a voicemail is an
oral Message that is asynchronous. Conference calls and
speeches are oral one-to-many communications, and e-mails may
have only one recipient or man

Nonverbal Communication

say is a vital part of any communication. But what you don’t say can
be even more important. Research also shows that 55% of in-
person communication comes from nonverbal cues like facial
expressions, body stance, and tone of voice. According to one
study, only 7% of a Receiver’s comprehension of a Message is
based on the Sender’s actual words; 38% is based on paralanguage
(the tone, pace, and volume of speech), and 55% is based
on nonverbal cues (body language) (Mehrabian, 1981).

Q2. State Barriers To Effective Communication.

Ans;
1/ Psychological barriers to communication:
Psychological barriers to communication are internal obstacles
that can restrict effective communication between
individuals. These barriers originate from individuals’
psychological states, emotions, perceptions, or biases that may
impact their ability to express themselves or understand others
2. / Cultural barriers to communication:
Cultural barriers to communication occur when individuals from
different cultural backgrounds face challenges in understanding
and interpreting each other’s messages. These barriers arise from
differences in norms, values, beliefs, and communication styles
among diverse cultures. These differences can sometimes lead to
misinterpretations, misunderstandings, and stereotypes
that affect communication.

3. / Language barriers to communication:

Communication experiences language barriers when individuals
lack a shared language or have limited fluency in a particular
language. These barriers can pose challenges to effective
communication by making it difficult for individuals to convey their
thoughts, understand each other accurately, or engage in
meaningful dialogue.

4/Emotional barriers to communication:

Emotional barriers to communication refer to the internal
emotional states that can affect effective communication between
individuals. These barriers can arise from various factors, such as
stress, anxiety, fear, defensiveness, or personal insecurities.
When individuals experience strong emotions, it can impact their
ability to express themselves clearly, listen attentively, and engage
in open and honest communication.

5/ Semantic barriers to communication:

Semantic barriers to communication occur when there are
differences in the meanings assigned to words, phrases, or
symbols between individuals or groups. These barriers can arise
due to variations in language, interpretation, cultural context, or
even personal experiences. Semantic barriers can lead to
misunderstandings, miscommunication, and confusion, as
messages may be interpreted differently by different people.

6/ Organizational barriers to communication:

Organizational barriers to communication refer to obstacles that
exist within the structure, policies, or practices of an organization,
which can impact communication. These barriers can result from
factors such as hierarchical structures, ineffective communication
channels, excessive bureaucracy, lack of transparency, or a
culture that discourages open and honest dialogue.

7/ Perceptual barriers to communication:

Perceptual barriers to communication occur when individuals
have different perceptions, interpretations, or filters through
which they understand and process information. These barriers
are influenced by factors such as personal experiences, beliefs,
values, cultural background, and even individual personality traits.
Perceptual barriers can result in misinterpretations and
miscommunication between individuals.

8/Attitudinal barriers to communication:

Attitudinal barriers to communication arise from individuals’
attitudes or preconceived notions that can influence their
communication with others. These barriers can result from factors
such as personal beliefs, stereotypes, ego, or a lack of openness to
different ideas or perspectives. Attitudinal barriers can impact
effective communication by creating resistance, judgment, or a
lack of receptiveness.
Q.4 Explain the Teachiques of Writhing a Report

1 Choose a topic based on the assignment

Before you start writing, you need to pick the topic of your report.
Often, the topic is assigned for you, as with most business reports,
or predetermined by the nature of your work, as with scientific
reports.

2 Conduct research

With business and scientific reports, the research is usually your

own or provided by the company—although there’s still plenty of
digging for external sources in both.

For academic papers, you’re largely on your own for research,

unless you’re required to use class materials. That’s one of the
reasons why choosing the right topic is so crucial; you won’t go far
if the topic you picked doesn’t have enough available research.

3 Write a thesis statement

Before you go any further, write a thesis statement to help you

conceptualize the main theme of your report. Just like the topic
sentence of a paragraph, the thesis statement summarizes the
main point of your writing, in this case, the report.
4 Prepare an outline

Writing an outline is recommended for all kinds of writing, but it’s

especially useful for reports given their emphasis on organization.
Because reports are often separated by headings and
subheadings, a solid outline makes sure you stay on track while
writing without missing anything.

5 Write a rough draft

Actually writing the rough draft, or first draft, is usually the most
time-consuming step. Here’s where you take all the information
from your research and put it into words. To avoid getting
overwhelmed, simply follow your outline step by step to make sure
you don’t accidentally leave out anything.

6 Revise and edit your report

Once your rough draft is finished, it’s time to go back and start
fixing the mistakes you ignored the first time around. (Before you
dive right back in, though, it helps to sleep on it to start editing
fresh, or at least take a small break to unwind from writing the
rough draft.

Q5.explain the characterstics of business reports ?

The main characteristics of a report typically include:
•
Title: Clearly stating the topic or purpose of the report in a
concise and informative manner.
 •
Introduction: Providing background information and setting
the context for the report's content.
•
Objectives: Outlining the goals and objectives of the report,
including what the report aims to achieve.
•
Methodology: Describing how data was collected, analyzed,
and interpreted in generating the report.
•
Findings: Presenting the key findings and results of the
research or investigation in a structured and logical manner.
•
Analysis: Interpreting the data, discussing implications, and
drawing conclusions based on the findings.
•
Recommendations: Offering actionable suggestions or
solutions based on the analysis and findings.
•
Conclusions: Summarizing the main points, highlighting key
takeaways, and concluding the report effectively.
Overall, a report should present information in a clear, organized,
and concise manner to effectively communicate its findings and
recommendations.