What is the effect of frequency modulation when transistors are used for a DC power supply.

A - Changes in wire feed speed cause an increase in heat input (hard to remember)

If the total length of a cable is 18 metres, which cable according to AWG (American Wire Gauge) would
give you better conductivity.
A - 1/0

The conductor size of the secondary windings of a welding transformer welding power source are.
A - larger than the primary winding.

An advantage of using tapped transformers is.

A - it only uses AC current. (hard to remember)

The self regulating arc created by a constant voltage power supply is most commonly associated with
a constant speed wire feeder. With this type of equipment.
A - when arc length increases, welding current decreases. (hard to remember)

Which was the first welding power source design to incorporate a feedback circuit.
A - Saturable reactor (hard to remember)

A multi-process welding power source has the following features.

A - It can provide CC and CV output, It uses a feedback circuit to control output, It can provide adjustments
for slope and inductance,

Inverter welding power sources have a very short response time because.
A - the inverter operates at high frequencies. (hard to remember)

SCR control of a welding power source is typically used on which type of input power.
A - three phase input

How much do the labour and overhead costs account for welding production.
A - 80%

What two components are used for microprocessor control.

A - Transistors and electronic amplifiers (hard to remember)

How is the dynamic characteristic of a power source controlled.

A - By resistance and inductance (hard to remember)

What is the preferred polarity for GMAW and FCAW.

A – DCEP

Ohm's law does not apply to welding arcs because.

A - the current is not proportional to the voltage across the arc
For a consumable electrode arc welding process set on DCEN polarity, the majority of the arc energy is
concentrated at the. A - Electrode.

The formula for the Ohm's law is.

A - I = V/R (hard to remember)

Select the incorrect statement.

A - The GTAW and PAW processes use a CV welding power source (hard to remember)

A plasma can best be described as.

A - an ionized gas.

Impedance is.
A - the algebraic sum of resistance, capacitance, and inductance (hard to remember)

An advantage of inverter based power sources is that the circuitry is more simplified than the
conventional transformer-based power source.
A – False

What does IGBT stand for in welding.

A - insulated-gate bipolar transistor

Which of the following welding processes would be a better choice for welding a two-inch material with
double V preparation.
A – SAW

The capacity to store and recall detailed welding variables in a welding power source is possible due to.
A - microprocessor controls.

When a sufficient amount of energy is imparted to the atom in a gas, this energy produces.
A - free electrons and positively charged ions.

Which one of the devices listed below is a microprocessor control.

A - Transistor (hard to remember)

SCR welding power sources use _______________________ to adjust the output.

A - a gate pulse to initiate conduction by a diode

Power supplies are selected by process only without consideration of material type and thickness.
A – False

Why is it necessary for the power source to provide a large open circuit voltage.
A - To be able to initiate the arc

Metals are considered good conductors because.

A - they have many free electrons.
A pulsating weld pool that grows and shrinks significantly with each pulse produced by the power source results in.
A - greater penetration. (hard to remember)

Transformers consists of two coils; one is called primary and the other is called secondary.
Select the correct statement.
A - The primary coil has a high voltage

The first CC welding power source to allow current adjustment remote from the power
sources was a __________________power source.
A - saturable reactor (hard to remember)

A transformer in a welding power source is a device that.

A - changes the voltage of the AC input power. (hard to remember)

An advantage of SCR welding power sources is the ability to incorporate feedback circuits to provide strict c
ontrol on the output.
A – True

Wire feed systems that employ constant current control the arc by.
A - voltage sensing

Examples of insulators are.

A - rubber, plastics, and many ceramics

A method of GTAW arc starting that uses a low voltage and current to preheat the electrode is
called.
A - lift starting.

the first welding power source was developed using.

A - lead acid batteries.

What is the V-I characteristic of a power source.

A - The power source curve showing the voltage and current output

When the core of a welding transformer is moved to adjust the output, this
type of control is called a.
A - moving shunt. (hard to remember)

The GTAW process is considered a.

A - process that uses CC output

What is the force or pressure that causes current to flow through an electric circuit.
A - Electrical potential

The arc starting characteristics of a CC welding power source are determined by.
A - the open circuit voltage.
Touch starting is used with consumable electrode processes such as.
A - SMAW and GMAW (hard to remember)

What is the minimum temperature in the centre of a welding arc column.

A - 5,000 °C

With a constant current power source, the steeper the slope.

A - the less the current will vary

what is the minimum number of diodes necessary to produce a full-wave rectified waveform.
A - 4 diodes

The "arc force" adjustment on many CC welding power sources is used to.
A - increase the current when the voltage drops below a preset value

Is the dirt inside a power source likely to create a short circuit.

A – Yes

To create or support an ionizing path in arc starting circuits for a high frequency setting, the
ratio of volts to amps is.
A - 20,000 volts with 0.005 amps

What is meant by duty cycle.

A - the number of minutes, within a 10 minute period, during which a given welder can safely produce
a particular welding current

Constant current type power sources exhibit a significant drop in ________________as current draw increases.
A – Voltage

What is the force that breaks the welding arc.

A - Electrical potential

Transformers designed for higher frequencies require much less iron core and windings than those
designed for low frequencies. How is this frequency created.
A - By using the inverter principle to create high frequency AC (hard to remember)

In GTAW high frequency systems, incoming AC line voltage is stepped up to several thousand volts by
a transformer. Select the correct statement.
A - High frequency systems output high voltage but only low current (hard to remember)

What type of input power is best for a static transformer-rectifier DC welding power source producing a
small rippled output.
A - Three phase (hard to remember)

What is the term for voltage measured across the output terminals of a welding machine when no
current is being drawn.
A - open circuit voltage
The first application of pulsed GMAW welding power sources was to.
A - allow the spray transfer mode to be used in out of position welding. (hard to remember)

Early DC generators relied on ____________to produce welding power. A

- an induced voltage (hard to remember)

Gases are not normally electrically conductive. To start an arc requires.

A - high voltage.
If the gas flow rate is too low or too high, the effect is. A - Gross Porosity

In some situations with the SMAW process, such as manual welding of pipe joints, a flatter
slope is used to provide some change in current when arc lengths changes.
A – Yes

High frequency arc starting circuits use a __________________ to generate the high frequency.
A - Spark Gap (hard to remember)

Inverter based power sources are usually heavy and bulky.

A – False

What type of output current is usually required for welding with the GTAW process. A
- Constant current

What are the possible causes if the arc stops and starts during welding.
A - Machine overload and the duty cycle is too high (hard to remember)

With real constant voltage sources, the voltage drops as current draw increases.
For welding sources this is usually no more than.
A - one volt or so for 100 amperes of output of current draw

Two examples of good semi-conductors are.

A - silicon and germanium. (hard to remember)

With the GMAW process and a CV power source, the welding current is determined by.
A - the wire feed speed.

What is the most common power output for SMAW process.

A – DCEP

What is the component that is used in DC circuits to store and release voltage according t
o the circuit requirements. A - Capacitors (hard to remember)

The main components used to rectify are.

A - Diodes (hard to remember)

Power sources that use pulse technology suffer from inductance in the welding circuit affecting
precision and sharp pulses of current. What measures should be taken to obtain the best result.
A - Keep output cables as short as is possible
What is the purpose of an inverter.
A - To convert DC current to high frequency AC current

Inverter welding power sources are typically used for the pulsed GMAW process because?
A - the output can be changed in less than 1/40,000 of a second

Conventional transformer-rectifiers rectify AC current on the secondary side of the transformer

at lower voltage and higher current. A - True (hard to remember)

Select the correct statement. A - A CC welding power source can be used for the GTAW and PAW
processes. A CC welding power source can be used for the SMAW process.
A CV welding power source can be used for the GMAW and FCAW processes.

A rectifier consists of components that.

A - change AC power to DC power. (hard to remember)

Factors that facilitate the initiation of an arc starting in a welding machine are.
A - open circuit voltage

In inverter welding power sources, the inverter is located.

A - before the transformer.

What type of power source uses a voltage-sensing wire feed system to produce a stable self-regulating
welding arc. A - CC power source

Which of the following methods is commonly used to control the output of a transformer.
A - A saturable reactor (hard to remember)

A problem with reactively controlled welding machines is the low power factor. What is the ideal power factor.
A - 1 power factor

Does Ohm's law apply to the welding arc.

A – No

Which of these features determines the size of welding cables.

A - The length of cables and current flow

Why is transformer used as a power source for welding.

A - It provides low voltage and high current

The duty cycle of a welding power supply is based upon delivering its rated output for a given number
of minutes out of a 10 minute period. Which of the following statement is correct.
A - A 300 amp/60% duty cycle machine is rated to deliver 300 amps for 6 minutes in a ten minute period
SAW requires an additional component when it is used with constant current. What is that component.
A - Voltage sensing wire feeder
One of the major advantages of inverter welding power sources is.
A - small size and low weight.

Select the correct statement.

A - PAW utilizes a tungsten electrode

For an ideal CC welding power source, an SMAW welder can indirectly increase the energy in the arc
without changing the power source setting by.
A - maintaining a long arc. (hard to remember)

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the open circuit voltage (OCV) for GMAW and SMAW.
A - The OCV for SMAW is higher than for GMAW

GTAW and PAW power sources are commonly designed with high frequency units. What does the high
frequency unit do.
A - Outputs high voltage, low current to breakdown the gases in the gap between electrodes,
creating a stable conductive path for the flow of power (hard to remember)

The two systems that can be used to adjust the output of a transistor welding power source are.
A - frequency and pulse (hard to remember)

It is essentially impossible to maintain a stable welding arc with the SMAW process and a constant v
oltage power source. A - True (uses CC power)

The severity of an electric shock depends principally on.

A - magnitude of the current and part of the body through which it passes

Microprocessor controls may be used for what type of welding processes.

A -Any process and pulsed waveforms (hard to remember)

Which statement best describes ionization potential?

A - The energy required to remove an electron to form a positive ion (Hard to remember)

The short circuit current in a CV welding power source is determined by?

A - The static and dynamic characteristics (hard to remember)

Mechanical reactor control is used on which type of welding power souce above?
A - None of the above, these use large cranks

A saturable reactor power source uses _________________ to adjust the output?

A - A third winding on a transformer (Hard to remember)

The main components used to rectify are? A – Diodes

Components usually used to correct the power factor of a transformer-fectifier welding power source are?
A – Capacitors

An inductor in a welding power source is used to?

A - Filter the DC output and affect the dynamic characteristics

Which was the first type of welding power source to provide accurate control of pulsed GMAW process
over a wide range of pulse frequencies? A - Transistor output (Hard to remember)

Synergic control is typically used for which process?

A - GMAW (Hard to remember)

DC generator is differnet to an alternator because?

A - DC Generators have a conductor that moves quickly through a magnetic field (hard to remember)