Name ____________________________________________________________ Date ____________________

The Structure of the Atom

Section 2 Defining the Atom

Scan Section 2 of your text. Use the checklist below as a guide.

 Read all section titles.
 Read all boldfaced words.
 Read all tables and graphs.
 Look at all pictures and read the captions.
 Think about what you already know about this subject.

Write two facts you discovered about subatomic particles.

- Accept all reasonable responses.
1. _____________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________

Use your text to define each term.

smallest particle that retains the properties of an element
_________________________________________________________
atom
_________________________________________________________
ray of radiation emitting from the cathode end of a tube used by researchers to study mass and charge
cathode ray
negatively charged particles that are part of all forms of matter
_________________________________________________________
electron
tiny, dense, centrally located region within the atom that contains
_________________________________________________________
nucleus all of an atom’s positive charge and virtually all of its mass
_________________________________________________________

a subatomic particle carrying a charge equal to but opposite

_________________________________________________________
that of an electron; that is, a positive charge of 1+
_________________________________________________________
proton
a subatomic particle with a mass nearly equal to that of a proton,
_________________________________________________________
but that has no electrical charge
_________________________________________________________
neutron
Explain an atom by completing the following statements.
smallest particle that retains the properties
The atom is the _________________________________________________
The Atom of the element
___________________________________________.
Use with pages 106–107. bond together
When a group of atoms ________________________ and act as a
unit
_____________, molecule
the result is known as a ______________.

Chemistry: Matter and Change 47 Science Notebook

Name ____________________________________________________________ Date ____________________

The Structure of the Atom

Section 2 Defining the Atom

The Electron Summarize the information you learned from cathode ray experiments.
Use with pages 107–110. Use Figure 7 for reference.

Identify the major discoveries about subatomic particles made by the

19th century.

Cathode rays were actually a stream of charged particles.

1. _______________________________________________________

The particles carried a negative charge.

2. _______________________________________________________

There were particles smaller than atoms.

3. _______________________________________________________

Chemistry: Matter and Change 48 Science Notebook

Name ____________________________________________________________ Date ____________________

The Structure of the Atom

Section 2 Defining the Atom

The Nucleus Describe Rutherford’s model of the atom by completing the following
Use with pages 111–114. statements.
1. Most of an atom consists ofelectrons rapidly
_____________ moving _________
empty _______________.
through space

2. held
The electrons are __________ within the atom by theirattraction
nucleus
____________ to the positively charged __________.

3. The volume space

of ________ through which the electrons move is many
larger
times ___________ nucleus
than the volume of the ____________.

Organize the properties of subatomic particles by completing the table

below. Use Table 3 for reference.

Electron Proton Neutron

Symbol e
p n
surrounding
Location in nucleus in nucleus
the nucleus
Relative
electrical 1 1 0
charge

Summarize what you have learned about subatomic particles by

completing the following paragraph.

nucleus of an atom is made up

spherical shape. The ___________
Atoms have a ___________
of ___________
protons that have a positive charge and ___________
neutrons that have no

charge
___________. 99.97%
The nucleus makes up ___________ of the mass of an atom.
atom
Most of the area of an ___________ is made up of negatively charged
___________
electrons traveling around the ___________
positively charged nucleus. The

attraction to the positive charge of

electrons are held in place by their ___________
___________
nucleus
the ___________. mass
The ___________ of the protons and neutrons are almost
___________
equal to each other while the ___________
mass of the electrons is

extremely small
_______________________.

Chemistry: Matter and Change 49 Science Notebook