Week 01

Equity-recognize individual circumstances

Equality-individuals were given same opportunities.

Children with disabilities who are in school are about 101, 762 (2011-2011).

Based on the Department of Education's data as of March 14, 2022, there were 126,598 learners with
disabilities enrolled in DepEd schools for School Year (SY) 2021-2022, 65% lower than the 360,879
recorded for SY 2019-2020.Dec 5, 2022

Children with disabilities are still combating educational exclusion

97.3 % of them are still unreached.

About 5,916 are mainstreamed in regular classes

Street children are about 246, 000 thousand-

75% are children on the streets;

25% are children of the streets;

70 % are boys

Working children are growing in

number

Number of abused children

is being tracked down

The recent study of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF, 2022) estimates that there are
about 1.6 million Filipino children with disabilities.

REGULAR CURRUCULM- THE CURRICULUM PRESCRIBED TO REGULAR CHILDREN

SPECIAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

Special education shall aim to develop the maximum potential of the child with special needs to enable
him to become self-reliant and shall be geared towards providing him with the opportunities for a full
and happy life.

Modified curriculum- curriculum prescribed to regular children

Inclusive education is a process that involves the active participation of students

EDUCATION POLICIES-The right to education is a basic human right.

Importance of Inclusive Education- ensure all students have an opportunity

Prepares students for the real world.

Alternative Learning System (ASL) which provides non-traditional learning opportunities

Legal Laws

-Batas Pambansa Blg 344--An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain
Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and Public Utilities to install Facilities and Other Devices

Republic Act 11106--An Act Declaring The Filipino Sign Language As The National Sign Language Of The
Filipino Deaf And The Official Sign Language Of Government In All Transactions Involving The Deaf, And
Mandating Its Use In Schools, Broadcast Media, And Workplaces

Second, all teachers must be properly trained to teach students with disabilities.

Teachers need to identify the different types of disabilities, understand what they can do, and know how
best to help them learn.

Third, there needs to be more support from the government

Fourth, there needs to be more awareness about inclusive education

What Teachers Need to Know About Inclusive Education

First, teachers must be aware of the different types of disabilities students may have. This

Second, teachers need to be patient and understanding

Finally, teachers need to be open-minded and flexible.

Special education teachers- Disability-specific knowledge/skills

General Education teachers- curriculum specific content knowledge and skills.

COMPONENTS OF SPECIAL –INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

-conceptualization-The legal, philosophical, psychological

-charting new direction

-contextualization- Interplay of diverse factors economic constraints

-core content and career direction

-connection and collaboration

-categorization- classification of learners

 WEEK 02

1987 PHILIPPINE EDUCATION- our constitution provides the legal basis of education.

VII ARTICLE 194- RIGHT TO EDUCATION COMES FROM NATIONAL NATURE.

EDUCATIONAL ACT OF 1982 (BATAS PAMBANSA BLG. 232- IT APPLIES TO BOTH PRIVATE IN ALL LEVELS

INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IS THE FOUNDATION OF EQUITY AND COLLABORATION"-

BENEFITS OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

Why is inclusive education important?

Inclusive systems provide a better quality education for all children and are instrumental in changing
discriminatory attitudes. Schools provide the context for a child’s first relationship with the world outside
their families, enabling the development of social relationships and interactions. Respect and
understanding grow when students of diverse abilities and backgrounds play, socialize, and learn
together.

What are the basic elements of inclusive education?

Use of teaching assistants or specialists: These staff

Inclusive curriculum- locally relevant themes and contributions

Parental involvement-often limited to emails home and occasional parent–teacher conferences

Barriers to Inclusive Education

ATTITUDES- CAUSED BY SOCIETY

PHYSICAL BARRIERS- PHYSICALLY INACCESSIBLE

CURRICULUM- ONE OF THE MAJOR OBTACLES

TEACHERS- MAJOR LIMITATIONS

LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION-LINGUISTIC DIFFICULTIES

SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS- INADEQUACIES

SALAMANCA WORLS STATEMENT- INCLUSION AND PARTICIPATION

HISTORY OF SPECIAL EDUCATION- UK IN 1850

 WEEK 03

INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES- 27 EUROPEAN COUUNTRIES

WORKING PARAMETERS- COUNTRIES ARE AT DIFFERENT STATRTING POINTS

ISSUES

-RESOURCES

-ACCESS AND PARTICIPATION

-TEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

LISBON DECLARATION 2007- SAME OPPORTUNITIES

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HEARING 2011-

AEC 2015- DEVELOP, PROMOTE, SUPPORT, DEVELOP, ENCOURAGE

APRROACHES PLACEMENT

EXCLUSION

SEGREGATION

INTEGRATION

INCLUSION

WEEK 04

BARRIERS TO LEARNING- AMOUNT OF SLEEP. ALLERGIES, LOW SELF-PERCEPTION, PUBERTY, FEAR, POOR
DIET AND EXERCIE, AMOUNT OF TIME ON ELECTRONICS.

Teacher and understanding human learning- Psychology is the study of the biological, social, and
environmental

THE LEARNING PROCESS-

TAKING INFORMATION- SENSES

PROCESSING INFORMATION-THINKING ANOUT INFORMATION

USING INFORMATON- UNDERSTANDING AND DOING

Psychological Bases- all people have the ability to learn,

JEAN PIAGET- was a psychologist and epistemologist who focused on child development. He developed a
theory of human cognitive development.

Cognitive development- means how children think, explore and figure things out.

SENSORIMOTOR STAGE- REFLEXIVE ACTIONS (BIRTH-2) SENSES, MOTOR ACTIONS, MANIPULATES

PRE-OPERATIONAL STAGE-(2-7 YEARS) UNDERSTAND LANGUAGE BUT NOT LOGIC

CONCRETE OPERATIONALSTAGE (7-12 YEARS) THINK LOGICLALLY ABOUT CONCRETE OBJECTS

FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE- (12-ADULTHOOD)- THINK LOGICALLY ABOUT ABSTRACT

SAMPLE 0F SCHEMAS- SPECIFIC INDIVIDUALS

ACCOMODATION- INTERPRETING NEW EXPERIENCE BY ADAPTING OR CHANGING.

ASSIMILATION- WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF ONE’S SCHEMAS

BOBO DOLL THEORY- CHILDREN LEARN THROUGH OBSERVATION OF ADULT BEHAIVIOR

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY- SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IS LEARNED BY OBSERVING

Albert Bandura- was an influential social cognitive psychologist who was perhaps best known for his
social learning theory, the concept of self-efficacy, and his famous Bobo doll experiments.

PROCESS OF SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

OBSERVATION

ATTENTION

RETENTION

REPRODUCTION

MOTIVATION

WEEK 05

SITUATED LEARNING- COOPERATIVE ACTIVITIES WHERE THEY USE CRITICAL THINKING ANF KINESTHETIC
ABILITIIES

PARTICIPATION- LEARNING BY DOING

LEGITIMATE- ALL PARTIES ACCEPT THE POSITION

PERIPHERAL- LEARNERS FIRSTLY HANG AROUND

SOCIAL- COLLABORATION AND INTERACTION

AUTHENTIC- REAL LIFE

EFFECT

LEARNING INFLUENCES

APPLYING BASIC KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TO AUTHENTIC CONTEXT

VGOTSKY- cognitive development and learning ability can be guided and mediated by their social
interactions.

Lave argues that learning is situated; that is, as it normally occurs, learning is embedded within activity,
context and culture

Lave and Wenger assert that situated learning “is not an educational form, much less a pedagogical
strategy.

Pedagogical strategy- theory and practice of teaching

ANALYSIS- SYSTEMATIC EXPLORATION

DESIGN- PERFORMANCE GAP

DEVELOPING- INFORMATION GATHERED

IMPLEMENTNG- DELIVERY OF THE PERFORMANCE SOLUTION

EVALUATE- HOW WELL THE PERFORMANCE SOLUTION

EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE- DATA, RECORDS 5%

TACIT KNOWLEDGE- EXPERIENCE 95%

TRADITIONAL LEARNING- FORM ABSRACT