Review C: (Unit 2: Topics 2.3 – 2.

9) Exponential and Log Functions Name:

1. Which of the following functions is an equivalent form of the function 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥+3?

(A) 𝑦𝑦 = 27𝑥𝑥 (B) 𝑦𝑦 = 9 ∙ 3 𝑥𝑥 (C) 𝑦𝑦 = 27 + 3 𝑥𝑥 (D) 𝑦𝑦 = 27 ∙ 3 𝑥𝑥

2. Which of the following functions is an equivalent form of the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 4𝑥𝑥−2?
1
(A) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 (B) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2 ∙ 2 𝑥𝑥 (C) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2 ∙ 4 𝑥𝑥 (D) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ∙ 4𝑥𝑥
16

3. The function 𝑔𝑔 is given by 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 16 ∙ 9𝑥𝑥 . Which of the following is an equivalent form for 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)?
(A) 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 4 ∙ 3(𝑥𝑥⁄2) (B) 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 4 ∙ 3(2𝑥𝑥) (C) 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 16 ∙ 3(𝑥𝑥⁄2) (D) 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 16 ∙ 3(2𝑥𝑥)

4. The function ℎ is given by ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 25 ∙ 36𝑥𝑥 . Which of the following is an equivalent form for ℎ(𝑥𝑥)?
(A) ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 5 ∙ 6(𝑥𝑥⁄2) (B) ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 5 ∙ 6(2𝑥𝑥) (C) ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 25 ∙ 6(𝑥𝑥⁄2) (D) ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 25 ∙ 6(2𝑥𝑥)

5. The function ℎ is given by 𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥) = 9 ∙ 4𝑥𝑥 . Which of the following is an equivalent form for 𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥)?
(A) 𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥) = 3 ∙ 2(𝑥𝑥⁄2) (B) 𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥) = 3 ∙ 2(2𝑥𝑥) (C) 𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥) = 9 ∙ 16(𝑥𝑥⁄2) (D) 𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥) = 9 ∙ 16(2𝑥𝑥)

6. The function 𝑓𝑓 is given by 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 16 ∙ 4𝑥𝑥 . Which of the following is an equivalent form for 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)?
(A) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 42𝑥𝑥 (B) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 4𝑥𝑥+2 (C) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 4 𝑥𝑥+4 (D) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 4𝑥𝑥−2

7. The exponential function 𝑔𝑔 is defined by 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −2𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 . Which of the following pairs of statements correctly
describes the end behavior of 𝑔𝑔?
(A) lim 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −∞ and lim 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 0
𝑥𝑥→−∞ 𝑥𝑥→∞

(B) lim 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = ∞ and lim 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 0

𝑥𝑥→−∞ 𝑥𝑥→∞

(C) lim 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 0 and lim 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −∞

𝑥𝑥→−∞ 𝑥𝑥→∞

(D) lim 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 0 and lim 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = ∞

𝑥𝑥→−∞ 𝑥𝑥→∞

Review C: Unit 2 Topics 2.3 – 2.9 Created by Bryan Passwater

 𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨 𝒇𝒇
8. The graph of the exponential function 𝑓𝑓 is shown above. Which of the following pairs of statements correctly
describes the end behavior of 𝑓𝑓?
(A) lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −∞ and lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0
𝑥𝑥→−∞ 𝑥𝑥→∞

(B) lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ∞ and lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0

𝑥𝑥→−∞ 𝑥𝑥→∞

(C) lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0 and lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −∞

𝑥𝑥→−∞ 𝑥𝑥→∞

(D) lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0 and lim 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ∞

𝑥𝑥→−∞ 𝑥𝑥→∞

𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨 𝒌𝒌
9. The graph of the exponential function 𝑘𝑘 is shown above. Which of the following could be an expression for 𝑘𝑘?
1 1 𝑥𝑥 1 𝑥𝑥
(A) − (3)𝑥𝑥 (B) 2(3) 𝑥𝑥 (C) 2 � � (D) − 2 � �
2 3 3

10. The exponential function ℎ decreases at an increasing rate. Which of the following could be an expression for ℎ?
1 𝑥𝑥 1 𝑥𝑥
(A) − 5(4)𝑥𝑥 (B) 5(4) 𝑥𝑥 (C) 5 � � (D) − 5 � �
4 4

Review C: Unit 2 Topics 2.3 – 2.9 Created by Bryan Passwater

 𝑥𝑥 0 1 2 3 4
1 1
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 1 2 4
4 2

11. The exponential function 𝑓𝑓 is defined by 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 𝑥𝑥 , where 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏 are positive constants. The table gives values
of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) at selected values of 𝑥𝑥. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) 𝑓𝑓 demonstrates exponential decay because 𝑎𝑎 > 0 and 0 < 𝑏𝑏 < 1.
(B) 𝑓𝑓 demonstrates exponential decay because 𝑎𝑎 > 0 and 𝑏𝑏 > 1.
(C) 𝑓𝑓 demonstrates exponential growth because 𝑎𝑎 > 0 and 0 < 𝑏𝑏 < 1.
(D) 𝑓𝑓 demonstrates exponential growth because 𝑎𝑎 > 0 and 𝑏𝑏 > 1.

𝑥𝑥 1 2 3 4 5

𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) 1 10 100 1,000 10,000

12. The exponential function 𝑔𝑔 is defined by 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 𝑥𝑥 , where 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏 are positive constants. The table gives values
of 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) at selected values of 𝑥𝑥. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) 𝑔𝑔 demonstrates exponential decay because 𝑎𝑎 > 0 and 0 < 𝑏𝑏 < 1.
(B) 𝑔𝑔 demonstrates exponential decay because 𝑎𝑎 > 0 and 𝑏𝑏 > 1.
(C) 𝑔𝑔 demonstrates exponential growth because 𝑎𝑎 > 0 and 0 < 𝑏𝑏 < 1.
(D) 𝑔𝑔 demonstrates exponential growth because 𝑎𝑎 > 0 and 𝑏𝑏 > 1.

1 𝑥𝑥
13. The exponential function ℎ is defined by ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 3 � � . Which of the following statements about ℎ is correct?
2

(A) The function ℎ is increasing and the rate of change of ℎ is positive.

(B) The function ℎ is increasing and the rate of change of ℎ is negative.
(C) The function ℎ is decreasing and the rate of change of ℎ is increasing.
(D) The function ℎ is decreasing and the rate of change of ℎ is decreasing.

Review C: Unit 2 Topics 2.3 – 2.9 Created by Bryan Passwater

 𝑥𝑥 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
2 3
5 6
8 12
11 24
14 48

14. Selected values of the function 𝑓𝑓 are shown in the table above. Which of the following claim and explanation
statements best fits these data?

(A) 𝑓𝑓 is best modeled by a logarithmic function because the outputs over consecutive equal-length input-value intervals
are proportional.
(B) 𝑓𝑓 is best modeled by a logarithmic function because the inputs over consecutive equal-length output-value intervals
are proportional.
(C) 𝑓𝑓 is best modeled by an exponential function because the outputs over consecutive equal-length input-value intervals
are proportional.
(D) 𝑓𝑓 is best modeled by an exponential function because the inputs over consecutive equal-length output-value intervals
are proportional.

𝑥𝑥 ℎ(𝑥𝑥)
81 2
27 4
9 6
3 8
1 10

15. Selected values of the function ℎ are shown in the table above. Which of the following claim and explanation
statements best fits these data?

(A) ℎ is best modeled by a logarithmic function because the outputs over consecutive equal-length input-value intervals
are proportional.
(B) ℎ is best modeled by a logarithmic function because the inputs over consecutive equal-length output-value intervals
are proportional.
(C) ℎ is best modeled by an exponential function because the outputs over consecutive equal-length input-value intervals
are proportional.
(D) ℎ is best modeled by an exponential function because the inputs over consecutive equal-length output-value intervals
are proportional.

Review C: Unit 2 Topics 2.3 – 2.9 Created by Bryan Passwater

Directions: Use the graph and table of values below for problems 16 – 23.

𝑥𝑥 −5 −3 −1 1 2 5

𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) 2 5 −2 −3 −5 4

ℎ(𝑥𝑥) 5 4 2 0 −2 −4

𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆𝐆 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨 𝒇𝒇
The graph of the piecewise-linear function 𝑓𝑓 is shown above and consists of three linear segments. Values of the
functions 𝑔𝑔 and ℎ are shown in the table above at selected values of 𝑥𝑥. Let 𝑓𝑓 −1 and ℎ−1 represent the inverse functions
for 𝑓𝑓 and ℎ, respectively.
16. Find the value of ℎ−1 (2), or indicate that it is not defined.

17. Find the value of 𝑓𝑓 −1 (2), or indicate that it is not defined.

18. The function 𝑘𝑘 is defined by 𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥) = (𝑔𝑔 ∘ 𝑓𝑓)(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑔𝑔�𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)�. Find the value of 𝑘𝑘(0) , or indicate that it is not
defined.

19. The function 𝑚𝑚 is defined by 𝑚𝑚(𝑥𝑥) = (𝑔𝑔 ∘ 𝑓𝑓)(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑔𝑔�𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)�. Find the value of 𝑚𝑚(−3) , or indicate that it is not
defined.

20. The function 𝑝𝑝 is defined by 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥) = (ℎ ∘ 𝑔𝑔)(𝑥𝑥) = ℎ�𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)�. Find the value of 𝑝𝑝(1) , or indicate that it is not
defined.

21. The function 𝑞𝑞 is defined by 𝑞𝑞(𝑥𝑥) = (𝑓𝑓 ∘ 𝑓𝑓)(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓�𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)�. Find the value of 𝑞𝑞(−4) , or indicate that it is not
defined.

22. The function 𝑟𝑟 is defined by 𝑟𝑟(𝑥𝑥) = (𝑔𝑔 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑔𝑔�ℎ(𝑥𝑥)�. Find the value of 𝑟𝑟(1) , or indicate that it is not defined.

23. The function 𝑙𝑙 is defined by 𝑙𝑙(𝑥𝑥) = (𝑓𝑓 −1 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓 −1 �ℎ(𝑥𝑥)�. Find the value of 𝑙𝑙(2) , or indicate that it is not
defined.

Review C: Unit 2 Topics 2.3 – 2.9 Created by Bryan Passwater

24. What is the value of the expression log 2 (8) − log 10?
(A) − 7 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

25. What is the value of the expression log 9 (3) + log 4 2?

5
(A) (B) − 4 (C) 1 (D) 4
6

1
26. What is the value of the expression log 5 1 − log 6 ?
36
1 1
(A) − 2 (B) − (C) (D) 2
2 2

1
27. What is the value of the expression ln(𝑒𝑒 3 ) + log 9 ?
3
5 7
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) 5
2 2

1
28. What is the value of the expression log 100 + log 4 ?
64
5 7
(A) − 1 (B) (C) (D) 7
3 3

𝑡𝑡 (minutes) 0 1 2 3 4
𝑆𝑆(𝑡𝑡) 512 256 128 64 32

29. The decreasing function 𝑆𝑆 gives the number of students inside a classroom after school ends. The table gives values
of 𝑆𝑆(𝑡𝑡) for selected values of 𝑡𝑡, in minutes, since the school bell ended the day. If a model is constructed to represent
these data, which of the following best applies to this situation?

(A) 𝑦𝑦 = −256𝑡𝑡 + 512

(B) 𝑦𝑦 = −120𝑡𝑡 + 512
(C) 𝑦𝑦 = 512(2)𝑡𝑡

1 𝑡𝑡
(D) 𝑦𝑦 = 512 � �
2

Review C: Unit 2 Topics 2.3 – 2.9 Created by Bryan Passwater

30. A fitness trainer created a new fitness program designed to help her clients increase their bench press. The trainer
made estimates about the maximum amount one of her clients could bench press over time using her program. A linear
regression was used to develop a model for the maximum bench press over time. The figure shows a graph of the
residuals of the linear regression. Which of the following statements about the linear regression is true?
(A) The linear model is not appropriate, because the there is not a clear pattern in the graph of the residuals.
(B) The linear model is not appropriate, because the there is a clear pattern in the graph of the residuals.
(C) The linear model is appropriate, because the there is not a clear pattern in the graph of the residuals.
(D) The linear model is appropriate, because the there is a clear pattern in the graph of the residuals.

31. After Mr. Passwater launches his new social media app called PasswaterVision, the number of users registered on the
app begins to increase rapidly. The number of users, in millions, using the PasswaterVision app is modeled by the
function 𝑃𝑃. The number of users is expected to increase by 21% each month. At time 𝑡𝑡 = 0 years, there are 14 million
users on PasswaterVision. If 𝑡𝑡 is measured in years, which of the following is an expression for 𝑃𝑃(𝑡𝑡)? (Note: There are
12 months in a year.)
(A) 14(0.21)(𝑡𝑡⁄12) (B) 14(0.21)(12𝑡𝑡) (C) 14(1.21)(𝑡𝑡⁄12) (D) 14(1.21)(12𝑡𝑡)

32. Polonium-209 has a half-life of 102 years. In a particular sample, the amount of Polonium-209 remaining after 𝑦𝑦
years can be modeled by the function 𝑃𝑃 given by 𝑃𝑃(𝑦𝑦) = 𝐴𝐴0 (0.5)(𝑦𝑦⁄102), where 𝐴𝐴0 is the amount of Polonium-209 in the
sample at time 𝑦𝑦 = 0. Which of the following functions 𝐿𝐿 models the amount of Polonium-209 remaining after 𝑡𝑡 days,
where 𝐴𝐴0 is the amount of Polonium-209 in the sample at time 𝑡𝑡 = 0? (There are 365 days in a year, so 𝑡𝑡 = 365𝑦𝑦.)
(A) 𝐿𝐿(𝑡𝑡) = 𝐴𝐴0 (0.5)(𝑡𝑡⁄365)
(102𝑡𝑡)
(B) 𝐿𝐿(𝑡𝑡) = 𝐴𝐴0 �0.5(1⁄365) �
(𝑡𝑡⁄102)
(C) 𝐿𝐿(𝑡𝑡) = 𝐴𝐴0 �0.5(365) �
(𝑡𝑡⁄102)
(D) 𝐿𝐿(𝑡𝑡) = 𝐴𝐴0 �0.5(1⁄365) �

Review C: Unit 2 Topics 2.3 – 2.9 Created by Bryan Passwater

 𝑥𝑥 𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥)
−1 7
0 5
2 3
4 1

33. The table above presents values for a function 𝑘𝑘 at selected values of 𝑥𝑥. An exponential regression 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 𝑥𝑥 is used
to model these data. What is the value of 𝑘𝑘(3) predicted by the exponential function model?
(A) 1.654
(B) 1.834
(C) 1.983
(D) 2.200

34. A wind turbine uses the power of wind to generate electricity. The blades of the turbine make a noise that can be
heard at a distance from the turbine. At a distance of d = 0 meters from the turbine, the noise level is 105 decibels. At a
distance of d = 100 meters from the turbine, the noise level is 49 decibels.
The noise level can be modeled by the function S ( d ) = ab d , where S ( d ) is the noise level, in decibels, at a distance d
meters from the turbine.

(a) Use the given data to write two equations that can be used to find the values for constants a and b in the expression
for S ( d ) .

(b) Find the values for a and b .

(c) Use the given data to find the average rate of change of the noise level, in decibels per meter, from d = 0 meters to
d = 100 meters. Express your answer as a decimal approximation. Show the computations that lead to your answer.

Review C: Unit 2 Topics 2.3 – 2.9 Created by Bryan Passwater