Class Xii Chemistry Exemplar Solution Chapter 4 the d Block And
Class Xii Chemistry Exemplar Solution Chapter 4 the d Block And
Resource Material
For Revised Syllabus Session 2024-25
EXEMPLAR
SOLUTIONS
CHEMISTRY
Chapter 4:The d- and f- Block Elements.
Class
12
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Chapter 4
The d- and f- Block Elements.
2. The electronic configuration of Cu(II) is 3d9 whereas that of Cu(I) is 3d10. Which
of the following is correct?
(i) Cu(II) is more stable
(ii) Cu(II) is less stable
(iii) Cu(I) and Cu(II) are equally stable
(iv) Stability of Cu(I) and Cu(II) depends on the nature of copper salts
Solution:
Option (i) is the answer.
3. Metallic radii of some transition elements are given below. Which of these
elements will have the highest density?
Element Fe Co Ni Cu
Metallic radii/pm 126 125 125 128
(i) Fe
(ii) Ni
(iii) Co
(iv) Cu
Solution:
Option (iv) is the answer.
4. Generally, transition elements form coloured salts due to the presence of unpaired electrons.
Which of the following compounds will be coloured in solid-state?
(i) Ag2SO4
(ii) CuF2
(iii) ZnF2
(iv) Cu2Cl2
Solution:
Option (ii) is the answer
9. When KMnO4 solution is added to the oxalic acid solution, the decolourisation is slow in the
beginning but becomes instantaneous after some time because
(i) CO2 is formed as the product.
(ii) The reaction is exothermic.
(iii) MnO4– catalyses the reaction.
(iv) Mn2+ acts as an autocatalyst.
Solution:
Option (iv) is the answer.
10. There are 14 elements in the actinoid series. Which of the following elements does
not belong to this series?
(i) U
(ii) Np
(iii) Tm
(iv) Fm
Solution:
Option (iii) is the answer.
11. KMnO4 acts as an oxidising agent in acidic medium. The number of moles of KMnO4 that will
be needed to react with one mole of sulphide ions in acidic solution is
(i) 2/5
(ii) 3/5
(iii) 4/5
(iv) 1/5
Solution:
Option (i) is the answer.
13. Gadolinium belongs to 4f series. It’s atomic number is 64. Which of the
following is the correct electronic configuration of gadolinium?
(i) [Xe] 4f 75d16s2
(ii) [Xe] 4f 65d26s2
(iii) [Xe] 4f 86d2
(iv) [Xe] 4f 95s1
Solution:
Option (i) is the answer.
14. Interstitial compounds are formed when small atoms are trapped inside the
crystal lattice of metals. Which of the following is not the characteristic property
of interstitial compounds?
(i) They have high melting points in comparison to pure metals.
(ii) They are very hard.
(iii) They retain metallic conductivity.
(iv) They are chemically very reactive.
Solution:
Option (iv) is the answer
15. The magnetic moment is associated with its spin angular momentum and
orbital angular momentum. Spin only magnetic moment value of Cr3+ ion is
___________.
(i) 2.87 B.M.
(ii) 3.87 B.M.
(iii) 3.47 B.M.
(iv) 3.57 B.M
Solution:
Option (ii) is the answer.
16. KMnO4 acts as an oxidising agent in alkaline medium. When alkaline KMnO4
is treated with KI, iodide ion is oxidised to ____________.
(i) I2
(ii) IO-
(iii) IO3-
(iv) IO4-
Solution:
Option (iii) is the answer.
18. When acidified K2Cr2O7 solution is added to Sn2+ salts then Sn2+ changes to
(i) Sn
(ii) Sn3+
(iii) Sn4+
(iv) Sn
Solution:
Option (iii) is the answer.
21. Why is HCl not used to make the medium acidic in oxidation reactions of
KMnO4 in an acidic medium?
(i) Both HCl and KMnO4 act as oxidising agents.
(ii) KMnO4 oxidises HCl into Cl2 which is also an oxidising agent.
(iii) KMnO4 is a weaker oxidising agent than HCl.
(iv) KMnO4 acts as a reducing agent in the presence of HCl.
Solution:
Option (ii) is the answer.
22. Generally, transition elements and their salts are coloured due to the presence
of unpaired electrons in metal ions. Which of the following compounds are
coloured?
(i) KMnO4
(ii) Ce (SO4)2
(iii) TiCl4
(iv) Cu2Cl2
Solution;
Option (i) and (ii) are the answers.
23. Transition elements show a magnetic moment due to spin and orbital motion
of electrons. Which of the following metallic ions have almost the same spin only
magnetic moment?
(i) Co2+
(ii) Cr2+
(iii) Mn2+
(iv) Cr3+
Solution:
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers.
24. In the form of dichromate, Cr (VI) is a strong oxidising agent in acidic medium but Mo (VI) in
MoO3 and W (VI) in WO3 are not because ___________.
(i) Cr (VI) is more stable than Mo(VI) and W(VI).
(ii) Mo(VI) and W(VI) are more stable than Cr(VI).
(iii) Higher oxidation states of heavier members of group-6 of transition
series are more stable.
(iv) Lower oxidation states of heavier members of group-6 of transition series
are more stable.
Solution:
Option (ii) and (iii) are the answers.
27. Which of the following lanthanoids show +2 oxidation state besides the
characteristic oxidation state +3 of lanthanoids?
(i) Ce
(ii) Eu
(iii) Yb
(iv) Ho
Solution:
Option (ii) and (iii) are the answers.
28. Which of the following ions show higher spin only magnetic moment value?
(i) Ti3+
(ii) Mn2+
(iii) Fe2+
(iv) Co3+
Solution:
Option (ii) and (iii) is the answer.
29. Transition elements form binary compounds with halogens. Which of the
following elements will form MF3
type compounds?
(i) Cr
(ii) Co
(iii) Cu
(iv) Ni
Solution:
Option (i) and (ii) are the answers.
31. Although +3 is the characteristic oxidation state for lanthanoids but cerium
also shows +4 oxidation state because ___________.
(i) it has variable ionisation enthalpy
(ii) it tends to attain the noble gas configuration
(iii) it tends to attain f 0 configuration
(iv) it resembles Pb4+
Solution:
Option (ii) and (iii) are the answers.
33. Why E° values for Mn, Ni and Zn are more negative than expected?
Solution:
Mn2+(3d5) and Zn2+(3d10) have half-filled and filled d orbitals which give them stability and therefore
prefer to stay that way and not get reduced. As for Ni2+(3d8), it has very high negative hydration
enthalpy which gets balanced by first and second ionization enthalpy.
36. When Cu2+ ion is treated with KI, a white precipitate is formed. Explain the reaction with the
help of the chemical equation.
Solution:
2Cu2+ + 4I- → Cu2I2 + I2
Cu2+ gets reduced to Cu+, and I- gets oxidized to I2.
37. Out of Cu2Cl2 and CuCl2, which is more stable and why?
Solution:
CuCl2 is more stable because Cu2+ has a higher electron density than Cu+. Cu2+ is smaller in size, has
higher effective nuclear charge and therefore a higher hydration enthalpy ∆hyd of Cu2+, which makes it
more stable.
38. When a brown compound of manganese (A) is treated with HCl it gives a gas (B). The gas
taken in excess reacts with NH3 to give an explosive compound (C). Identify compounds A, B and
C.
Solution:
When brown co pound of manganese (A) is treated with HCl it gives chlorine gas.
MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 +2H2O
(A) (B)
The chlorine gas reacts with NH3 to given NCl3
3Cl2 + NH3 →NCl3 + 3HCl
(B) (C)
The brown compound A = MnO2
Gas B = Cl2
Explosive compound C= NCl3
39. Although fluorine is more electronegative than oxygen, the ability of oxygen to stabilise higher
oxidation states exceeds that of fluorine. Why?
Solution:
Fluorine has one unpaired electron and forms a single bond, while Oxygen has two unpaired electrons
and can form multiple bonds thereby stabilizing higher oxidation states.
40. Although Cr3+ and Co2+ ions have the same number of unpaired electrons the magnetic
moment of Cr3+ is 3.87 B.M. and that of Co2+ is 4.87 B.M. Why?
Solution:
Cr3+ has a symmetrical electron distribution and will only have spin magnetic moment contribution
whereas Co2+ has no symmetrical distribution of electrons so it will have an orbital magnetic moment
and spin magnetic moment contribution. Therefore, the total magnetic moment for Co2+ will be higher
than the Cr3+.
41. Ionisation enthalpies of Ce, Pr and Nd are higher than Th, Pa and U. Why?
Solution:
Th, Pa and U, 5f electrons start filling and they have penetration lower than 4f electrons for Ce, Pr and
Nd. Removing 4f electrons will be difficult, so ionization enthalpy for Th, Pa and U are lower than Ce,
Pr and Nd.
42. Although Zr belongs to 4d and Hf belongs to 5d transition series but it is quite difficult to
separate them. Why?
Solution:
Due to the lanthanoid contraction poor f, orbital shielding leads to an increase in effective nuclear
charge, which reduces the size of Hf. So the atomic radii of both Zr and Hf are similar which means they
have similar physical and chemical properties and hence separation becomes difficult.
43. Although +3 oxidation states are the characteristic oxidation state of lanthanoids cerium shows
+4 oxidation state also. Why?
Solution:
Ce – [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2. Usually, lanthanoids lose the 5d and 6s electrons and show +3 oxidation state,
but Cerium loses the one 4f electron also to attain Xenon’s noble gas configuration which will make
Ce4+ very stable.
44. Explain why the colour of KMnO4 disappears when oxalic acid is added to its solution in
acidic medium.
Solution:
This is a redox titration. The deep purple colour of KMnO4 disappears due to the formation of MnSO4.
5H2C2O4 + 2KMnO4 +3H2SO4 ——>2MnSO4 + 8H2O + K2SO4 +10CO2
45. When an orange solution containing Cr2O72– ion is treated with an alkali, a yellow solution is
formed and when H+ ions are added to a yellow solution, an orange solution is obtained. Explain
why does this happen?
Solution:
When Cr2O72–is treated with an alkali:
(orange) Cr2O72–+ OH-→ 2CrO42-(yellow)
When the yellow solution is treated with an acid, we get back the orange solution:
(yellow)2CrO42- +2H+→Cr2O72–(orange)+ H2O
46. A solution of KMnO4 on reduction yields either colourless solution or a brown precipitate or a
green solution depending on the pH of the solution. What different stages of the reduction do these
represent and how are they carried out?
Solution:
In acidic medium, permanganate changes to manganous ion which is colourless.
MnO4-+8H+ + 5e-→ Mn2+ + 4H2O
(colourless)
47. The second and third rows of transition elements resemble each other much more than they
resemble the first row. Explain why?
Solution:
Due to poor f orbital shielding, effective nuclear charge increases and there is a contraction in the size of
the third-row elements. This contraction in size is called Lanthanide contraction. The second and third
row of transition elements have similar atomic radii and therefore they resemble each other more.
49. The halides of transition elements become more covalent with increasing oxidation state of the
metal. Why?
Solution:
Halides become more covalent with increasing oxidation state. As the oxidation state increases, the
charge on the atom increases and the size of the ion of transition element decreases. Fajan’s rule’s states
that greater the charge on an atom, greater the covalent character.
50. While filling up of electrons in the atomic orbitals, the 4s orbital is filled before the 3d orbital but the
reverse happens during the ionisation of the atom. Explain why?
Solution:
Electrons are filled according to the n+l rule. If an orbital has lower n+l value, then the electron will
enter that orbital.
For 3d, n+l= 3+2=5
4s, n+l= 4+0=4
So, the electron will first enter 4s and then 3d while filling. But, 4s electrons are held loose by the
nucleus and are outside of 3d, so removing a 4s electron becomes easier than removing a 3d electron.
51. Reactivity of transition elements decreases almost regularly from Sc to Cu. Explain.
Solution:
Effective nuclear charge increases as we move along the period from left to right. Due to the reason, the
size also reduces. Therefore the electrons will be held more tightly and so that removing of the electron
will be difficult from the outermost shell. So that ionization enthalpy also increases. Therefore,
reactivity also decreases. Sc is more reactive than Cu.
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SOLUTIONS
CLASS 12: CHEMISTRY (ALL CHAPTERS)
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