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unit 1

Uploaded by

sg.balachandran81
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Define current
The rate of flow of electrons is called current.
Denoted by letter ‘I’
𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 𝑄
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 = 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒 (𝑜𝑟)
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
2. Define voltage (or) potential difference
Voltage is defined as potential difference between two points in an electric circuit.
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
3. Define Resistance
The opposition offered to the flow of electric current is called resistance.
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 = 𝑜ℎ𝑚(Ω)
4. Define Electric power
Power is defined as the product of voltage and current.
𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 = 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
5. Define Energy
Energy is the capacity to do work.
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 × 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑊 = 𝑉𝐼 × 𝑡
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 = 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡 sec(𝑜𝑟) 𝐽𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
6. Define conductor
The material which allow electric current to pass through it is called conductor.

7. Define Resistor
Resistor is an electrical component made from the material which opposes the flow of
current.
8. Define Inductor
Inductor is an element which store energy in the form of electromagnetic field.

𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑦 (𝐻)


9. Define Capacitor
Capacitor is a storage element which store and deliver energy in an electric field.

𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐹𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑑 (𝐹)


10. State Ohm’s law
At constant temperature, the current flowing through a conductor is directly
proportional to the potential difference across the conductor.
𝑉𝛼 𝐼
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅
R- Resistance (ie) proportionality constant
V- Voltage in volt
I – Current in Ampere
11. State the limitations of Ohm’s law
(i) It is applicable to metallic conductors at constant temperature. If the temperature
changes the law is not applicable.
(ii) It is not applicable to nonlinear devices such as zener diode, vacuum tubes. (iii)
It is not applicable to non metallic conductors

12. Write the formulas for DC power


𝑉2
𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 = = 𝐼2𝑅
𝑅
13. State Kirchhoff Current Law (KCL)
The algebraic sum of the current flowing towards a junction is equal to the algebraic
sum of the current flowing away from the junction.

𝐼1 + 𝐼4 + 𝐼5 = 𝐼2 + 𝐼3
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴 = 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴

14. State Kirchhoff Voltage Law (KVL)


In a closed circuit, the algebraic sum of the potential drop is equal to the algebraic
sum of the potential rises.

𝐴𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝 = 𝐼𝑅1 + 𝐼𝑅2

𝐴𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 = 𝑉𝑠


𝑉𝑠 = 𝐼𝑅1 + 𝐼𝑅2
15. Define the terms Loop and Mesh
The closed path of a network is called a Loop
Mesh is a closed path that does not contain any other loop within it
16. Define the terms Node and Junction
A node is a point in the network where two or more circuit elements are connected. A
junction is a point in the network where three or more circuit elements are
connected.

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