CHAPTER 1

REAL NUMBERS

SUMMARY ONE MARK QUESTIONs

1 Algorithm : An algorithn means a series of well
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
defined step which gives a procedure for solving a
type of problem. 1. The sum of exponents of prime factors in the prime
2 Lemnna : A lemna is a proven statement used for factorisation of 196 is
proving another statement. (a) 3 (b) 4
3. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic : Every (c) 5
composite number can be expressed (factorised) as (d) 2
a product of primes and this factorisation is unique Ans : (Board 2020 OD Standard)
apart from the order in which the prime factors occur.
4. If p is prime number and p divides a', then p divides Prime factors of l96,
a, where a is a positive integer. 196 = 4 X 49
5 If z be any rational number whose decimal expansion
=2x 7?
terminates, then we can express z in the form , where
p and q are co-primne and the prime factorisation of The sum of exponents of prime factor is 2 +2 =4.
qis of the form 2" x 5", where n and m are non Thus (b) is correct option.
negative integers.
6 Let r= be a rational number such that the prime 2. The total number of factors of prime number is
factorisation of g is not of the form 2"x 5", where n (b) 0
and m are non-negative integers, then z has a decimal (a)
expansion which terminates. (c) 2 (d) 3
7. Let r= be a rational number such that the prime Ans [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
factorisation of q is not of the form 2" x 5", where
n and m are non-negative integers, then has a There are only two factors (1 and number
decimal expansion which is non-terminating repeating itself) of any prime number.
(recurring). Thus (c) is correct option.
8. For any two positive integers p and q, HCF (P.9) x
LCM (P.9) =p x 4 3. The HCF and the LCM of 12, 21, 15 respectively are
9. For any three positive integers p.q and r, (a) 3. 140 (b) 12, 420
pXqxrx HCF(P. 4.r) (c) 3, 420 (d) 420, 3
N (P4:) HCF(P.9) x HCF(4.r) × HCF(P.r) Ans [Board 2020 Delhi Standard
PX4xrx LCM(P. 4.r) 12 2x 2x3
HCF (P.4)=OMD.9) xLCM(4, r) xLCM(P.)
We have

21 =3 x7
15 =3 x 5

HCF(12, 21, 15) =3

LCM (12, 21, 15) =2x2x 3x5x 7 = 420
Thus (c) is correct option.
Page 2 Rcal Numbers Chap 1

4. The decimal representation of will (c) 6 (d) 12

2' x 5 Ans : (Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
(a) teruninate after 1 deciunal place
Using prime factorization method,
(b) terminate after 2 decimal place
144 =2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
(c) terminate after 3 decimal places
(d) not terminate =2x 3
Ans : (Board 2020 SQP Standard] and 198 =2 x3 x3 x 11
We have 11 =2 x 3 x 11
2'x5 2 x5
HCF(144, 198) =2 x 3 =2 x9 = 18
Denominator of , is of the form 2" x 5", where
m, n are non- negative integers. Hence, has Thus (b) is correct option.
terninating rdecimal expansion.
8, 225 can be expressed as
Now 11 (a) 5 x 3² (b) 5 x 3
2'x 5
(c) 5 x 32 (d) 5 x 3
- I X 5 lx 25 = 0.275
2 x 5 10 Ans : (Board 2020 Delhi Basic]

By prime factorization of 225. we have

So, it willterminate after 3 decimal places.
Thus (c) is correct option. 225 = 3 × 3 × 5 x 5

5 The LCM of smallest two digit composite number and -3 x5 or 5 x 3

smallest composite number is Thus (c) is correct option.
(a) 12 (b) 4
(c) 20 (d) 44 9. The decimal expansion of will terminate after
how many places of decimal?
Ans : Board 2020 SOP Standardl
(a) 2 (b) 4
Smallest two digit composite uumber is 10 and (c) 5 (d) 1
sLuallest composite number is 4.
Ans : (Board 2020 OD Basic]
LCM (10, 4) = 20
Thus (c) is correct option. 23 23 x 5'
2'x 5 2 x 5 x5
6 HCF of two numbers is 27 and their LCM is 162. If
one of the numbers is 51, then the other number is 23 x 125 2875
2x5 (10)
(a) 36 (b) 35
(c) 9 (d) 81 =
2875
= 0.02875
100000
Ans : (Board 2020 OD Basic] 3
Hence. will ternninate afer 5 five decimal
Let y be the second number. places.
2 x5
Since, product of two numbers is equal to product of Thus (c) is correct option.
LCM and HCM.
14587
54 X y=LCM× HCF 10. The decimal expansion of the rational number
will terninate after
51 X = 162x 27
(a) one decimal place (b) two decimal places
x27 =81 (c) three decimal places (d) four dlecimal places
Ans : (Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
Thus (b) is correct option.
Rational number,
7. HCF of 144 and 198 is
14587 14587 14587
(a) 9 (b) 18 1250 2' x 5 2 x5
X
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 3

14587 X8 116696 (c) 2n (d) 2m +1

2 x 5* (10) Ans
= 11.6696
We know that even integers are 2, 4, 6, ...
So. it can be written in the form of 2m where m is
Hence, given rational number will terminate after four
a integer.
decimal places.
Thus (d) is correct option. m = . , -1,0,1,2.3....
2m =...., -2,0,2.4.6....
No Need to Buy any Question Bank or Sample Chapter From Thus (c) is correct option.
Market. Download Free PDF of all Study Material from 15. For some integer q, every odd integer is of the form
(a) q (b) g+ 1
(c) 2q (d) 2q+1
11. 2.35 is
Ans :
(a) an integer (b) a rational number
We know that odd integers are 1, 3, 5, ...
(c) an irrational number (d) a nat ural number
So. it can be written in the form of 2q + 1 where g is
Ans : (Board 2020 Delhi Basic] integer.
2.35 is a rational number because it is a non 4=... -2, - 1,0,1,2.3,..
terminating repeating decimal.
Thus (b) is correct option. 2q+1 =... -3, 1, 1,3,5, 7,..
Thus (d) is correct option.
12. 2V3 is
(a) an integer (b) a rational number 16. If two positive integers a and b are written as a =ry
and b= Iy', where r. y are prime numbers, then
(c) an irrational number (d) a whole number HCF (a, b) is
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basicl (a) ry (b) zy
Let us assume that 2/3 is a rational number. (c) 'y (d) y
Now 2V3 =r where r is rational number Ans

or
We have

b= ry =rX y X y X y
Now, we know that 3 is an irrational
number, So, & has to be irrational to make HCF(a, b) = HCF(ry, y')
the cquation true. This is a contradiction to
=IX y X y=
our assumption. Thus, our assumption is wrong and
2/3 is an irrational number. HCF is the product of the suallest power of each
Thus (c) is correct option. common prime factor involved in the numbers.
Thus (b) is correct option.
13. The product of a nol-zero rational and an irrational
number is 17. If two positive integers p and q can be expressed as
(a) always irrational (b) always rational p= ab' and q= b; where a, b being prime numbers,
(c) rational or irrational (d) one then LCM (P.9) is equal to
(a) ab (b) b
Ans :
(c) a'b (d) a'b
Product of a non-zero rational and an
Ans
irrational number is always irrational i.e.,
x v2 = 2 which is irrational. We have p = ab= x bX b
Thus (a) is correct option.
and q = o'b= aX a x ax b
14. For some integer m., every even integer is of the form
LCM(P, ) = LCM(ab',a'b)
(a) m (b) m+1
Page 4 Real Numbers Chap 1

= ax bxbx axa = ob =2520

LCM the product of the greatest power of cach Thus (d) is correct option.
prime factor involved in the numbers.
Thus (c) is correct option.
18. The values of z and y in the given figure are

1001

20. If P and P are two odd prime numbers such that

P > P2, then pË - pi is
143
(a) an even number (b) an odd number
(c) an odd prime number (d) a prime number
11 Ans :

pi- pi is an even number.

(a) 7, 13 (b) 13, 7 Let us take P, =5
(c) 9, 12 (d) 12, 9
und P: =3
Ans:

1001 = rX 143 r=7

Then. pi- pi= 25-9 = 16
16 is an even number.
143 = y x 11 ’ y= 13 Thus (a) is correct option.
Hence r =7. y= 13
Thus (a) is correct optiou.
21. The rational form of 0.254 is in the form of th
(p+9) is
The least number that is divisible by all the numbers (a) 14 (b) 55
from 1 to 10 (both inclusive)
(c) 69 (d) 79
(a) 10 (b) 100
Ans :
(c) 504 (d) 2520
Ans Let, I =0.254. then
Factor of 1 to 10 uumbers r =0.2545454 ...(1)
1 =1 Multiplying equation (1) by 100, we get
2 =1x2 100z = 25.4545. ..(2)
3 =1x3 Subtracting equation (1) from equation. (2), we get
99r = 25.2 ’ r 202 14
4 =1x 2x 2 990 55

5 =1x 5 Comparing with we get

6 =1× 2 x3
p=14
7=lx7
and q = 55
8 =1 x 2 x 2x2 Hence, p+q = 14 +55 = 69
9 =1x 3x3 Alternative :
10 = 1 x 2 x 5
254-2 252
0.254
LCM(1 to 10) = LCM (1.2,3.4,5.6,7,8,9, 10) 990

=1x2 x 2x3x 3 x 5x 7 Thus (c) is correct option.

Chap 1 Real Nunbers

22. The rational number of the form . q#0, p and 3125 = 5' = 5'x2"
q are positive integers, which represents 0.134 i.e. 512 = 2" =2"x5'
(0.1343434 ..... is
200 2 x 5²
134 (b) l34
(a) 999 990 Thus 3125. 512 and 200 has factorization of the form
133 133 2" x 5" (where m and are whole numbers). So
(c) 999 (a) g90 giveu fractions has terminating decimal expansion.
Ans : Thus (d) is correct option.
0.134 - 134-1 133 26. The number 3'330 is divisible by
990 990
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 3 and 10
Thus (d) is correct option. (c) 2. 3 and 10 (d) 2, 3 and 13
23. Which of the following will have a terminating decimal Ans :
expansion?
77 23 3 3" =3"(3 1) =3"(26)
(a) 10 (b) 0
=2x 13 x 30
(c) 125
M1 (d) Hence, 3" 3" is divisible by 2, 3 and 13.
Ans : Thus (d) is correct option.
27. 1. The L.C.M. of r aud 18 is 36.
For terminating decimal expansion, denominator 2. The H.C.F. of z and 18 is 2.
must the form of 2" x5" where n, m are non-1egative
What is the number z?
integers.
(a) | (b) 2
Here,
(c) 3 (d) 4
Here only 2 is factor of denominator so terminating. Ans :
Thus (d) is correct option. LCM x HCF = First number x second number
24. If r= 0.7,then 2z is Hence, required number = 36 × 2 =4
18
(a) 1.4 (b) 1.5 Thus (d) is correct option.
(c) 1.54 (d)1.45 28. If a=2'x 3, b=2 x3× 5, c=3" x 5 and
Ans : LCM(a, b. c) = 2' x 3' x 5, then n is
(a) 1 (b) 2
We have I = 0,7
(c) 3 (d) 4
10:r = 7.7 Ans :
Subtracting, 9r =7
Value of n must be 2.
Thus (b) is correct option.

29. The least nunmber which is a perfect square and is

2r = = 1.555 divisible by each of 16, 20 and 24 is
(a) 240 (b) 1600
= 1.5 (c) 2400 (d) 3600
Ans :
25. Which of the following rational number have non
terninating repeating decimal expansion? The LCM of 16, 20 and 24 is 240. The least multiple
31 71 of 240 that is a perfect square is 3600 and also we can
(a) 3125 (D) 512 easily eliminate choices (a) and (c) since they are not
perfect square number. 1600 is not multiple of 240.
(c) 200 (d) None of these Thus (d) is correct option.
Ans :
 Real Numbers Chap 1

30. n'-lis divisible by 8, if n is (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are truc but
(n) an integer (b) n natural number reason (R) 0s not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(c) an odd integer (d) an Uven integer
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Ans :
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Let. Ans :
For n'-1 to be divisible by 8 (even number). n'1
should be even. It means n should be odd i.e. n We have 3125 = 5 =5'x2"
should be odd. Since the factors of the denominator 3125
If n is odd. n= 2k+1 where k is an integer is of the form 2" x5", is a terminating
decimal
a = (2k+ 1-1 Both assertion (A) and reason (R) ure true and reasou
=4k+ 4k+|-| (R) is the correct explaualiou of aSSertion (A)
T'hus (a) is correct option.
=4R+ 4k
33. Assertion :31.12315 is a terminating decimal fraction.
a = 4kk+ 1) Reason Denominator of 34.12345. when expressed
At k=-1, a = 4(-1)X-1+1) = 0 in the form , g #0, is of the form 2" x5. where
m and n are non-negative integers.
which is divisible by 8. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
At k= 0. a = 4(0) +(0 +1) =0 rcason (R) is the corrct cxplauation of assertion
which is divisible by 8. (A).
Hence, we can conclude from above two cases, if n is (b) Buth assertion (A) and reasou (R) are true but
odd, then n-1 is divisible by 8. rcasou (R) is uot the currect cxplauation of
Thus (e) is correet optivn. assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
31. When 2 is divided by 17 the remainder would be
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(a) 1 (b) 16
Ans :
(c) 14 (d) None of these
Ans : (a) 1 3412345 682469 82469
u.12345 =00000 20000- 2" x 5
When 22 is divided by 17 then,
Its denominator is of the form 2" x 5", where
(2)4 m=5 and n=4 which are non-negative
integers.
By remainder theorem when f() is divided by r+ a Thus both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
the remainder is f-a). reason (R) 0s the correct explautiou of ussertion (A).
Here, f(r) = (2') and =2 and a= 1 Thus (u) is correct optivn.
Ilence, remainder f- 1) =(-1"" =1 34. Assertion : The l|CF of two nmbers is 5 and their
product is 150, then their LCM 0s 30
Thus (a) is correct opliou.
Reason: For any two positive integers a aud b,
HCF (a. b) +LCM (a, b) = a x b.
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
reasou (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
13 (A).
32. Assertion : E0s a terminating decimal fraction.
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
Reason : If q= 2"5" where m,n are non-negative reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
integers, then is aterminating decimal fraction. assertion (A).
(a) Both aNSertiou (A) and reason (R) are true and (c) Assertion (A) is true but rcasou (R) is falsc.
reasouu (R) is the correet explunation of assertion (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(A).
Ans : (c) Asserton (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Chap 1 Real Numbers

We have.

LCM(a, b) x HCF(a, b) = a x b VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

LCM X5 = 150
43. Wlat is the HCF of suallest priuer number aud the
LCM =l0 30 sInallest composite number?
5 Ans : (Board 2018]
Thus (c) is correct option.
Smallest prime n1mber is 2 and smallest composite
number is 4. HCF of 2 and 4 is 2.
FILL IN THE BLANK QUESTIONS

35. If every posilive even inleger is of lhe foruu 2q. then

every positive odd integer is of the form .......wherp 44. Write one rational and one irrational number
g is some integer. lying between 0.25 and 0.32.
Ans: Ans : Board 2020 SQP Standard
Given numbers are 0.25 and 0.32.
2q+ 1
36. The exponent of 2 in the prime factorisation of 144, is Clearly 0.30 =30 103
Ans : Thus 0.30 is a rational number lying between 0.25
and 0.32. Also 0.:280280028000.....has non-terminating
1 non-repeating decimal expansion. It is an irrational
number lviug between 0.25 and 0.32.
37. V2./3, v7. ctc. are .....uunbers.
Ans 45. If HCF(336. 54) = 6. find LCM(336. 54).
Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
Irrational
HCF × LCM = Product of number
38. Every point on the nuuber line corresponds to a
...... IIumbcr.
6 x LCM = 336 x 54
Ans
LCM = Joo3x 54
Real
= 56 x 54 =3024
39. Thec product of three numbers is ........ to the product
of their HCF and L M. Thus LCM of 336 and 54 is 3024
Ans
46. Explain why 13233343563715 is a composite nunber?
Not equal Ans : Board Term-1 2016]
40. If p is a prime number and it divides a then it also The number 13233343563715 ends in 5.
divides where is a positive integer. Hence it is a multiple of 5. Therefore it is a
Ans : composite number.
47. a and b are two positive integers such that the least
prime factor of a is 3 and the least prime factor of b
41. Every real nunber is either a ***...unber is 5. Then cakulate the least prime actor of (a+ b).
Or an ...... nuInber.
Ans : [Board TerT-1 2014]
Ans

Rational. irrational Here a and b are two positive integers such

that the least prime factor of a is 3 and the
least prime factor of b is 5. The least prime
42. Numbers having non-terminating. non-repeating factor of (a+b) would be 2.
decimal expansion are known as
Ans 48. What is the HCF of the smallest composite number
and the smallest prime number?
Irrational numbcrs Ans :
Page & Real Numbers Chap 1

The smallest prime number is 2 and the smallest decimal expansiou non-repeating and no-terminating.
composite number is 4 =2.
Hence, required HCF is (2:, 2) =2. 54. Caleulate in the decimal form.
Aus [Board 2008)
49. Calculate the HCF of 3'x5 and 3x5.
Ans : [Board 2007| We have
We have 3x5 =3x5 x 3
3x5 =3x5 x5
=0.375
HCF (3'x5, 3'x5) =3x5
=9x5= 45

50. If HCF (a. 6) = 12 and axb= 1,800, then find ILCM

(a, b).
Ans : 55. The decimal representation of , will terinate after
how mauy places of decimal?
We know that Ans [Board 2009)
HCF (4,b) x LCM(a, b) = axb 6 6 x 2*
We have 6
Substituting the values we have 1250 2x5 2 x 2' x 5
12xLCM (a, b) = 1800 6x2" 6x2
1,800 2'x5 (10)
Or. LCM(a. b) 12
150
48 = 0.0048
51. What is the conditio for the decimal expansion of =IGX0
rational uumber to terminate? Explain with the help Thus TK will terminate after 4 decimal places.
of an example.
Ans : 56. Find the least number that is divisible by all numbers
The decimal expansion of a rational number between l and 10 (both inclusive).
teruinates, if the deuomiuator of ratioual Ans [Board 2010]
mumber can be cxpresed as 95 where 1n The required nunber is the LCM of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
and n are non uegative integers and p and q 7,8. 9. 10.
both co-primes.
LCM = 2x 2 x 3 x 2 x 3 x 5x7
e.g.
2520
52. Find the smallest positive rational number by which
should be multiplied so that its decinal expansion 57. Write whether rational unber will have
terminates after 2 places of decimal. torminating decimal expausion or a on-teruuinating
decimal.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
Ans (Board Term-1 2017, SQP)
1
Since
100 100 0.01. We have
7
Thus smallest rational number is 00
Since denominator of given rational uumber
53. What type of decimal esxpansion does a rational 0s uot of foru 2" x5", Hence, It is nol
number has? How can you distinguish it from decimal teruminating decimal expansion.
expansion of irrational numbers?
Ans : [Board Tem-1 2016]
A rational number has its decimal expansion
either terminating or non-terminating,
repeating An irrational numbers has its
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 9

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS We have 90 9x 10= 9x 2 x5

=2 x 3 x 5
58. If HCF of 144 und 180 is expressed in the forum and 144 = 16 x 9
13m 16. Find the value of m.
Ans :
=2'x 3'
(Board 2020 SOP Standard]

According to Euclid's algorithm any nunber a can be HCF = 2 x 3 = 18

written in the form,
LCM = 2' x 3' x 5 720
a = bq+r where 0Sr<b
Applving Euclid's divisiou lemuna on 144 and 180 we 62. Given that HCF (306, 1314) = 18. Find LCM
(306, 1314)
have
Ans : (Board Term-1 2013]
180 = 144 x 1+ 36
We have HCF (306, 1314) = 18
144 = 36 x 4+0
Here, remainder is 0 and divisor is 36. Thus HCF of LCM (306, 1314) =?
144 and 180 is 36.
Let a = 306 and b = 1314. then we have
Now 36 = 13m - 16
LCM(a, b) x HCF (a, b) = ax b
36 + 16 = 13m
Substituting values we have
52 = 13m ’ n =4
LCM(4, b) x18 = 306 x 1314
59. Find HCF and LCM of 404 and 96 and verify that
HCF x LCM = Product of the two given nunbers. LCM (a, b) = 306 x 1314
18
Ans : (Board 2018]
LCM (306. 1314) = 22.338
We have 404 =2x 2x 101
63. Conuplete the following factor tree and find the
= 2 x 101 composite number z.
96 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3

=2 x 3
HCF(404, 96) = 2 =4
LCM(404, 96) = 101 × 2° x 3 = 9696 3 195

HCF × LCM =4x 9696 38784

Also, 404 x 96 =38784

3
Hence. HCF × LCM Product of 404 and 96

60. Find HCF of the numbers given below:

k, 2k, 3k, 4k and 5k,, where k is a positive integer. 5 13

Ans : Board Tem-1 2015, Set-FHN8MGD]

Here we can see easily that k is comon factor Ans : (Board Term-1 2015]
between all and this is highest factor Thus
HCF of k.2k.3k,4k and 5k, is k. We have y = 5x13 = 65

and I=3x 195 = 585

61. Find the HCF and LCM of 90 and 144 by the method 64. Expluin why (7x 13 X 11) + 11 and
of prime factorization. (7 x6 x 5X4 x3x 2x 1) +3 are composite
Ans : (Board Tem-1 2012)
Page 10 Real Nunbers Chup 1

mberN. 11130
Ans : Board Term-1 2012, Set-64]

(7 x 13 x 11)+11 = 11 x (7 x 13+1)
5565
= 1| × (91- 1)
= 11 x 92
and |1855
(7 x 6 x 5 x4x 3x 2x 1) +3
= 3(7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x2 x 1+ 1)
371
=3x (1681) = 3 x 11 x 11
Since given numbers have more than two prime
lactors, buth number are composite. 53

66. Find the missing numbers a, b, c and d in the given

fctor tree:
65. Complete the following factor tree and find the
composite number #
18018|

9009

B003

|1855

1001|
371

Ans : Board Term-1 2015, Set DDE-MI

We uve : = =53 Ans [Board Term-1 2012)

1855 x 3 = 5565 9009

We have

-2x #=2x 5565 11130

1001 -
Since 143 11 x 13,
Thus couplete fawtor tree is as given below.
Thus c = ll and d= 13 or c= 13 and d= 1l
Chap 1 Real Numbers

67. Complete the following factor tree and find the A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number
composite number r. greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying
two snaller natural numbers. A natural number
greater than 1that is not prime is called a composite
number. For example, 5 is prime because the only
ways of writing it as a product, 1 x5 or 5 x 1,
involve 5 itself. However, 6 is composite because it
2 3381 is the product of two numbers (2 x 3) that are both
smaller than 6. Every composite number can be
written as the product of two or more (not necessarily
distinct ) primes.
3 3 × 12 x 101 + 4 = 4(3 × 3 × 101 + 1)
=4(909 + 1)
= 4(910)
|7 161
=2 x 2 x (10 x 7x 13)
=2 x 2x 2 x 5 x7x 13
7
= a composite number

Ans :
69. Complete the factor-tree and find the composite
[Board Term-1 2015, 2014) number M.
We complete the given factor tree writing variable y
and as following.
M

2 3381
8190

3 4095|

7 161 1365

|3455

We have :==23
y=7X 161 = 1127
Composite number,z = 2 x 3381 = 6762
Ans : [Board Term-1 2013]
68. Explain whether 3 x 12x 101 +4is a prime number
or a composite number. We have 91 = Px Q=7x13
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016-17 Set; 193RQTO, 2015, DDE-E
 Real Numbers Chap 1

So P=7,Q= 13 or P= 13.Q=7 LCM of two numbers should be exactly divisible by

their HCF. Since, 15 does not divide 175, two numbers
4095
1365 3 cannot have their HCF as 15 und LCM as 175.

N = 2x8190 = 16380 72. Check whether 4" cau end with the digit 0for auy
natural number n.
Composite number, Ans : (Board Tem-1 2015, Set-FHNBMGD; NCERT
M = 16380x 2 32760 If the number 4", for any n, were to end with
the digit zero, then it wonld be divisible by
Thus complete factor tree is shown below. 5 and 2.
That is. the prime factorization of 4" would contain
|32760 the prime 5 and 2. This is not possible becanse the
only prime in the factorization of 4" = 22n is 2. So, the
uniqueness of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
guarantees that there are no other primes in the
216380| factorization of 4". So, there is no natural number
n for which 4" ends with the digit zero. Hence 4"
cannot end with the digit zero.
28190|

4095
31365

3 455

91

70, Find the smallest natural nunber by which 1200

should be multiplied so that the square root of the
product is a rational number.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016, 2015] 73. Show that 7" cannot end with the digit zero, for any
natural number n.
We have 1200 = 12 x 100 Ans : (Board Term-1 2012, Set-63]

= 4x3 x 4 × 25 If the number 7", for any n, were to end with

the digit zero, then it would be divisible by
= 4 x 3x5 5 and 2.
Here if we multiply by 3, then its square root will That is, the prime factorization of 7" would contain
be x3 x 5 which is a rational number. Thus the the priune 5 and 2. This is not possible because the
required smallest natural number is 3. only prime in the factorizat ion of 7" = (1 x 7)" is 7.
So, the uniqueness of the Fundamental Theorem of
71. Can two numbers have 15 as their HCF and Arithmetic guarantees that there are no other primes
their LCM? Give reasons.
iu the actorizat ion of 7". So, there is no natural
Ans :
nunber n for which 7 ends with the digit zero. Hence
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 13

7" cannot end with the digit zero. is wrong. Hence, 5/6 is an irrational number.
74. Check whether (15)" can end with digit 0 for any 77. Write the denominator of the rational number in
nE N.
the forn 2"x5", where mn and n are non-uegative
Ans (Board Term-1 2012] integers. Hence write its decimal expansion without
actual division.
If the number (15)", for any n, were to end Ans
with the digit zero, then it would be divisible
by 5 and 2. 500 = 25 x 20
We have
That is, the prime factorization of (15)" would contain
the prine 5 and 2. This is not possible because the =5x 5 x 4
only prime in the factorization of (13)" = (3 x 5)" are =5' x 2
3 and 5. The niqueness of the Fundamental Theorem
of Arithmetic guarantees that there are no other Here denominator is 500 which can be written
primes in the factorization of (15)". Since there is no as 2' x5,
prime factor 2, (15)" cannot end with the digit zero.
Now decimal expansion.
75. The length, breadth and height of a room are 8 m
50 cm, 6 m 25 cm and 4 m 75 cm respectively. Find 257 257 x 2
the length of the longest rod that can measure the 002x2x5'
dimensions of the room exactly. =0.514
Aus [Board Term-1 2016]
78. Write a rational number between /2 and /3.
Here we have to determine the HCF of all length
which can measure all dimension. Ans : (KVSJ

Length. |=8 n 50 cm= 850 cum We have v2 =/200 And 3= V300

100
=50 x 17=2 x 5 x 17 We need to find a rational number r such that
1
Breadth, b =6 m 25 cm =625 cm 200 <r<m300
= 25 x 25 = 5 x 5
Choosing any perfect square such as 225 or
256 in between 200 and 300, we have
Height. h=4 n 75 cn = 475 cm
225
= 25 x 19 = 5x 19 FV 100 0 =

HCF(4, b, h) = HCF (850, 625, 475) Similarly if we choose 256, then we have
= HCF (2 x 5*x 17, 5", 5 x 19)
=5'= 25 cm
Thus 25 cm rod can measure the dimensions of the
79. Write the rational number will have a terminating
decimal expansion. or a non-terminating repeating
room exactly. This is longest rod that can measure decimal.
exactly.
Ans (Board 2018 SQP)
76. Show that 5/6 is an irrational number.
Ans (Board Tem-1 2015] We have

Let 5/6 be a rational nunmber, which can be expressed The denominator of rational nnmber can
as . where b # 0: and b are co-primes. not be written in form 2"5" So it is Ion
termiinating repeating decimal expausion.
Nor 5/6 -
80. Show that 571 is a prine number.
Ans

Let T =571
Of. /6 = rational
But, 6 is an irrational number. Thus, our assumption Vr =/57I
Puge 14 Real Nunbers Chap 1

Now 571 lies between the perfect squares of (23 = 529 Thus HCF of 104 and 96 is 12 i.e. 12 columns are
and (24=576. Prime uumbers less than 24 are 2, 3. required.
5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23. Here 571 is not divisible by any Here we have solved using Euclid's algorithm but you
of the above numbers, this 571 is a prime number. can solve this proble1 by siuuple nehtod of HCF.
81. Tf two positive integers p and q are written as p = ab 83. Given that /5 is irrational, prove that 2/5 3 is
and q = ab, where aa and b are prime numbers than an irrational number.
verify LCM(p.g) xHCF (4. g) = pq Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
Ans : [Sample Paper 2017|
Assume that 2/5-3 is a rational number. Therefore.,
We have p= = a Xax b x bx b we can write it in the form of where p and q are
co-prime integers and q 0.
and q = d'b = 4X a X a x b
Now 2/5 -3 =2
Now LCM (p, g) = a x ax ax bxbx b
= where q #0 and p and q are co-prime integers.
Rewriting the above expression as,
HCF (P, g) = uX ax b
= &b
2/5 2+3
LCM (P.q) xHCF (P, g) = ab'xa'b
2q
Here is rational because p and q are co-prime
= db'xa'b integers, thus/5 should be a rational nunber. But
V5 is irrational. This coutradicts the given fact that
= pq V5 is irrational. Hence 2/5 -3 is an irrational
number.

84. Prove that is an irrational nunber, given that

V3 is an irrational number.
Ans [Board 2019 Delnil
Assune that 2+3 is a rational number. Therefore, we
can write it in the form of where p and q are co
prime integers and q#0.
P
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS q

2+3 = 5p
82. An aruy coutingent of 612 members is to march
bchind an army band of 48 members in a parade.
The two groups are to march in the same number of V3 =-2
columns, What is the maximum number of columns in
which they can march? /3 = 5p -2q
Ans (Board 2020 Delhi Basic
Since, p and q are co-prime integers, then is a
Let the number of columns be z which is the largest rational number. But this contradicts the fact that
nunmber, which should divide both 612 and 48. It
means r should be HCF of 612 and 48.
V3 is an irrational number. So, our assumption is
wrong. Thercfore 23 is an irrational number.
We can write 612 and 48 as follows

612 =2x 2x3X3x5X17 85. Given that /3 is irrational, prove that (5 +2/3) is
an irrational number.
48 = 2 x2 X2x 2x3 Ans : Board 2020 Deihi Basic]

HCF(612, 28) = 2x2x3= 12 Assume that (5+2/3) is a rational nunuber.

Therefore, we can write it in the form of where p
 Chap Real Numbers

and q are co-prine integers and g+ ) Here is ratiouul because p aud q are vo-priume
Now
iutegers. thus 2 hould be rational uuuber. Bul
V2 is irrational. This contradicts the given fact that
where g #0 aud p aud s ure iuutegers, V2 is irratioual. Hence (5+342) is an irrational
numbe.
Rewriting the above expression as.
88. Write the smallest numbcr which is divisible by both
2/3 --5 306 And 657.

Ans (Bgard 2019 ODI

The sinallest number that is divisible by two numbers

is obtained by finding thc LCM of these numbers
Ilere is ralioal because p und q are co-prine Here. the given nunbers are 306 and 657.
integers. thus 3 shonld be n rational number. But
v3 is irrational. This contradicts the given fact that 306 = 6 x 51 = 3x 2 x 3x 17
v3 is irralioual. Llence (5+ 2/3) is un irratioual 657 = x 73 =3 x3X 73
uumber.
LCM(306, 657) = 2 x 3 x 3 x 17 x 73
86. Prove that 2-3/3 is au irrativual uuuber, giveu
that 3 0s an irational nunmber. 2233%
Ans Board 2019 0D] llece, the stuullest Lnber whicd1 is divisilble by 306
uLd 637 i 22338.
Assiunne that 2 | 53 is a rational number. Therofore.
we can write it in the form of whcre p and q nre 89. Show that nmbors 8 can nver cnd with digit 0 of
co-priie iutegers ad g 0,
AIV uatural mumber n.

2-5/3 9*0
If the nunber 8, lor auy , wre to ed
with the digit zero, then it would be divisible
5V3 - 2 by 5 and 2. That is, the prinne fctorization
of 8 would contain the prine 5 and 2. This is not
possible because the only prime in the factorization
of (8)= (2)" =2 is 2. The uuiquees of the
V3 =9 Fundamental Theorem of Arithnetic guarautees that
there are no other primes in the factorization of (8)".
llere /3 is irrational aid 2 is ralional becaue Since there is no prime factor 5, (8}" cannot end with
are co-prime integers. But rational number the digit zero.
cnnnot be qual to an irrational nmher. Hence
2+5/3 is au irativnal uunuber.
87. Civen that /2 is iational, prove thnt (5 3/2) is
irrational numnber.
90. 14H rtou of Coke cans und 90 cartous of Pepei caus
Ans [Board 2018 to be stacked in anntoon ff each stack is of
Ass1me that (5 3/2) is rational nmbCT ne hoicht and if it coual Icontain
the saime co cartons of the
o e rink
Salne anmk,
what woud be the ereatest umber of
Therefore, we can write it in the form of where p cartons each stuck would lave?
Ml q ure co-prime integers amd q + 0.
Lus Board Tern1 2011]
Now 5-3W2 - The required aiswer will be HCF o> 144 nd 90.
where g#0 and p and q are integers. 144 = 2 x3²
Rewritiug the above expression as. 90-2 x3 x 5

3/2 --5 HCF(14. 90) 2 x 3= 18

-5 Thus each stack would have 18 cartons.
 Real Nunbers Chap 1

91. Three bells toll at intervals of 9, 12, 15 minutes TICF (510, 92) × LCM (510. 92)
reseti\
tively. If tlhey start tolling together. afer what
ll thev ext
lime will |logetler?
2x 23160 : 46920

Ans (Board Tern-1 2011, Set-4] Proluet of two nbers =510x92 46920

The requircd answer is thc LCM of 9, 12, and 15 Hence, HCFxLCM = Product of two numbers
minutes
94. The HCF of 65 and I17 is exprexsilble in the form
Finding prime factor of given number we have, 65m-117. Fiud the value of m. Also find the LCM of
9 =3 x 3=3 65 and ll7 using primc factorization method.
Ans [Board Term-1 2011, Set-40]
12 2x 2x3= 2 x3
15 =3 x 5 Finding prime factor of given number we have.
LCM(9, 12, 15) =x3x5 117 = 13 x 2 x3
65 = 133 x 5
= 150 minutes

The bells will loll next together a•ter 180 minutes. HCF(I17, 65) = 13
LCM(117, 65) = 13 x 5 x 3 x3 =585
92. Find HCF and LCM of 16 and 36 by prime factorization
and check your answer. IICF = 651m 117
A 1s
13 = 65n 117
Finding primc factor of given numbcr we havc, 65m 117- 13 = 130
16 -2 x2 x2x2=2 30
2
36 2 x2x3x3=2x 34
HCF(16. 36) - 2 x 2 =4 95. Express ( + ) us n decimal fraetion without actual
livision.
LCM (16, 36) =2'x 3? Ans Board Term-1 2011, Set-74]
= 16 x 9 = 144
We have
Check :
375 125
HCF(a,b}) xLCM(a, b) = ax b 100 1000
Or. 4x144 = 16×36
=3.75+0.125 = 3.875
576 = 576
Express the number 0.3178 in the form of rational
Thus LHS = RHS
number .
Ans lBoard Term-1 2011, Set-A1]
93. Find the IICF and LCM of 510 and 92 ad verify thal
HCF x LCM Product of two given umbers.
Let I =0.3i78
Ans [Board Term-1 2011
I=0.3178178178
Finding prime factor of given nunber we have,
10.000 =3178.178178..
92 - 2 x 23
10 =3.178178,.
510 =30 × 17 = 2 x3x 5x 17
Subtracting, 9990. = 3175
HCF (510, 92)
3175 G35
or.
1998
LCM (510, 92 -2 x 23x 3x 5 x 14
23460 97. Prove that v2 is an irrational number.
Ans Board Terrn-1 2011, NCERT)
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 17

Let /2 be a rational nunmber. Ilence. /p is irrativnal.

Then J2 = P 99. Prove that 3+5 is an irrational number.
Ans :
where p axl q are co-priue integers and
q 0 0n squaring both the sides we have, Assune that 3+/5 is a rational nunber, then we
have
2- 3+/5 4+0
Or

Since p is livisible by 2. thus p is also livisible by 2. V5 --3

Let p = 2r for somc positive integer r, then we have
p' = 4r
Here 5 is irrational and is ratioual. But rational
2 = 4r number cannot be cqual to an irational number.
Ilence 3+/5 iN n irrationW mmler.
OF.

Since is divisible by 2, thus q is aso divisible by 2 100.Prove that V5 is an irrational number and henco
show that 2- 5 is also an irrational number.
We have scen that p and q are divisible by 2, which Ans : (Board Tern1 2011
contraliets the laet thal and g are u-prims,
Henee, our assmption is frlse and /2 is irrat ional. Axsiume that /5 be a rational umber then we have
98. If p is prime number. then prove that p is an (a,b are c-primes and b 0)
irrational.
Ans (Board Term-1 2013) a = b5

Let p be a prime uunber and if possible, let p be Squaring both the sides, we have
rational

Thus
Thus 5 is a factor of and in resuit 3 is also
where m and n are co-primcs and n +0. a factor of a.
Squaring on botlh sides, we get
Let a = 5c where c is some integer, then we have
p= = 25c

n ' = n' ...(1) Substituting = 58 we have

Here p divides p. Thus p dËvidos m and in result 5i = 25c
p also dividos m
Lct m = pq for Some integer and putting m P9
in eq. (), we lve
Thus 5 js a factor of and in resut 5 is also afactor
of b
pn' = p'ã Thus 5 is n comnmon factor of a and h. But this
or contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes. Ths.
our assumption thut 5 is rational uumber is wrong.
IHere p divides py.Thus p divides n aud in result p lHewe 5 is irrational.
nlNo dËvides n.
Let us nssune that 2- be rat ional eqal to a,
[:pis prine and p diviles n'’p dividex n) then wo have
Thus p is a conuuon factor of m and n but this 2-/5 =a
contradicts the fact that n and n are primes. The
contradiction arises by assuming that pis rational. 2-a 5
 Real Numbers Chap 1

Since we have SSuIme 2 a is rational, but V5 is Let a = 3c where c is some integer, then we ave
not rational. Rntional nmber cannot be equal to an =9e
irratjopal uumber. Thus 2 - V5 is irralional.
Substituting a= 38 we have
101.Show that exactly one of the number n,n+2 or n+4 35 =9
is divisible by 3.
Ans : [Sample Paper 2017]
1f n is divisible by 3. clcarly n+2 and n+4 Thus 3 is a factor of and in result 3 is also a factor
is ot divisible by 3. ol b
If n is not divisible by 3. then two case arise Thus 3 is a common factor of a and b. But this
s given below. coutradicts the fact that a and b are co-priues. Thus,
Case 1:n= 3k+ 1 our assumption that 3 0s rational number is wrong,
n+2 - 3k+1+2 =3k+3 = 3(k+1)
Hence V3 is irrational.

and n+4 =3k+1+4 =3k+5 = 3(k+ 1)+2 103.1rove that v5 is an irrational number.
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard
We can clearly see that in this case n +2 is divisible
by 3 and n +4 is not divisible bv 3. Thus in this case Assume that v5 be a rational number then we have
only n+2 is divisible by 3.
Case 1: n= 3k+2
n+2 = 3k+2+2= 3k+4=3(k+1)+1 where a and b are co-prics and b+ 0.
n+1 =3k+2+ 1 = 3k+6= 3(k+ 2) a = h/5
We can clearly see that in this case n+4 is divisible Squaring both the sides, we have
by 3 aud n+2 is uot divisible by 3. Thus in this case =58
only n+4 is dlivisible bv 3.
Hence, exactly one of the numbers n, n +2, n+4 is Thus 5 is a factor of a' and in rosult 5 is als0 &factor
divisible by 3. of n
Let a = 5e where c is some integer, then we have
&= 25c
Substituting a = J6 we have
5 = 25
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
Thus 5 is a factor of & and in rosult 5 is also a factor
102.Prove that 3 is an irrational number. f
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic] Thus 5 is a common factor of a and 6. But this
coutradicts the fact that a and b are co-priues. TIhus,
Assume that /3 is a rational nunber. Thercfore, we our assumption that V5 is ratjonal number is wrong
can wrile it in the form of - where a aud b are co Hence /5 is irrational.
prime integers and q t 0.
Assume that /3 be a rational number then we have 104.Find HCF and LCM of 378, 180 and 420 by prime
factorizat ion method. Is FTCF x LCM of these nnmbers
/3 = equal to the product of the given three numbers?
Ans :
where a aud b are co-primes andb+0.
Finding prime factor of given number we have.
Now a = hy3
378 =2 x 3' x7
Squaring both the sides, we have
36
180 = 2' x 3 x 5
Thus 3 is a fuctor of a nd in reult 3 is also a factor 420 =2x3x7 x 5
of a.
HOF(378, 180. 420) =2 x 3 =6
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 19

LCM(378. 180, 420) =2x33x 5x7 only prine in the utorization of 6 = (2 x 3)" ure 2
and 3. The uniqueness of the Fundanental Theorem
-2x3'x5 x7 3780
of Arithmetic guarantces that there are no other
HCF ×LCM = 6x3780 = 22680 primes in the factorization of 6". Since there is no
prime factor 5, 6 cannot end with the digit five.
Product of given numbers
378 × 180 x 420
28576800

Hence, HCF x LCM + Product of thrce numbers. 107.State Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic. Is it
pssible that ICF and LCM of two numbers be 24
and 540 rcspectivcly. Justify your answer
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic: Every
integer greater than one ither is prime itsclf
or is the product of prime numbers and that
this proxtuet is unique. Up to the order of the factors.
105.State Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic. Find LCM LCM of two numbers should be exactly divisible by
of numbers 2320 and 10530 by prime factorization by their HCF. In other words LCM is always a multiple
3 of IICF. Since, 24 does ot divide 540 two iunbers
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016] cannot have their HCF as 24 and LCM as 540,

The fundamental theorem of arithmetic TICF = 24

(FTA), also called the nique faclorizution LCM = 540
theorem or the uniqu-prime-factorization
theorem, states that every integer greater than 1 LCAI - D40 22.5 not a integer
either is prine itself or is the produet of a unique HCF
combination of prime numbers. 108.For auy pusitive integer n, prove that n'-n is
OR divisiblc br 6.
Ans :
Every composite number can be cxprcssod as the
product powers of primes and this factorization is
We have n n = n(n 1)
unique.
Finding prime factor of given number we have, =(n-1)n(n+ 1)
2520 = 20 x 126 = 20 x 6 x 21 =(n-1)n(n +1)
Thus n-n is product of three consecutive positive
- 2' x3 x 5x7 integers
10530 = 30 x 35] = 30 >x 9x 39 Since, any positiive integers a is of the form 34,3q +|
or 3q+2 for some integer q.
= 30 X9x3 x 13
Let a, a+1,a+2 be any tliree consecutive integers.
= 2x 3'x 5x 13
Case I :a= 3q
LCM(2520, 10530) =2x3'x 5x7x 13 If a=3q then,
= 294840
a(a+ 1ya+2) = 3q(34+1|3g+2)
106.Can the number 6", n bcing a natural uumber, cnd Produet of two coINeCutive integers (3g+1) and
with the digit 5 ? Give reasons. (3q - 2) is an even integer, say 2r.
Ans : (Board Term-1 2015] Tlus a(a + lya+ 2) = 3q(2r)
If the number 6" for any n, were to end with
6qr, which is civisible by 6.
the digit five, then it woukl Ie divisible by 5.
That is, the prime factorizalion of 6 would Case II: a=3q+1
contain the prime 5. This is not possible bccause the
 Real Numbers Chap 1

If a=3q+1 then that 7 +2/3 is also an irrational nunber.

Ans (Board Term-1 2012)
o(a+ 1Ea +2) =(3q+ lE3q+ 2)\;3q+3)
Assume that 3 be a rational mumber then we have
=(2r\3X4+1)
= 6r(g+ 1) (a.b are co-primes and b#0)
which is divisible by 6.
a = b/3
Case IIl: a=3q +2
Squaring both thc sides, wc have
If a-3g+2 them
a=3
aqa+ 1Ea +2) = (3q+2)(3q+ 3E3q+ 4) Thus 3 is a factor of a' aud in rosult 3 is Also fuctor
=3(3q +2x+1E3q + 1) of a.
Ilere (3q+ 2) nnd = 3(34+ 2X¢+ ly3q+ 4) Let a = 3e where c is some integer, then we have
= multiple of 6 every q
9
= 6r (sav)
Substituting a = 96 we have
which is divisible by 6. Hence, the product of three
consceutive integcrs is divisiblc by 6 and n'-n is also 36 =9c
divisible by 3.
109,Prove that n n is divisible by 2 for every positive Thus 3 is a factor of aml in res1ult 3 is also a factor
1nteger n. of b.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012 Set-25) Thus 3 is a connnon factor of a aud b. But this
contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primcs. Thus,
We uve '- n-1) our assunption that 3 is rational number is wrong.
Thus n n is product of two coISCcutive positive Henee V3 is irratioal.
integers.
Let us aSsume that 7 +2V3 be rational cqual to a,
Any positive integer is of the form 2q or 29+1. for
then we have
some iiteger q.

Case 1 : n= 2g 7+2/3 - q*0 and p and g are co-primes

Tf = 2q we have
-7g
n(n-1) = 2q(2q- 1l) 2/3 --7 =
2m.
where m= g(2q- l) which is divisible by 2.
Here p- 7q and 2q both are integers, hence 3
Case 1: n=2q-+1 should be a rational numnber. But this contradicts
the fact that /3 is an irrational number. Hence our
If = 2q +1, we have
assumption is not corrcct and 712V3 is irrational.
n(n-1) (2q + 1)(2q+ 1 - 1)
111.Slow thal there is no positive integer n, for which
= 2q(2q 1 1) Vn-1-n-1 is rational.
Ans: Board Term-1 20121
= 2m
Let us asme lhat there is positive integer
where m = (2q+l) which is divisible by 2. n for which n-1+n-1 is rational
Honce, n-n is divisible by 2 for every positive and equal to . where p and q are positive
integer n. inlegers and (g* 0).
110.1'rove that /3 0s an irrational number. HeIce, show ..(1)
 Rcal Numbers Page 21

Or.
P /n-1+ n+1
Vn-1-n+1
(n-1+/n+1Evn-1-Vn+1)
Vn-1/n+1
(n-1)- (n+ 1)
or

Vn+1-/n-i-2q ...(2)
Adding (1) and (2), we get

2Vn+1 =P42 p'+ 2¢ ..(3)

Subtracting (2) from (1) we have
2Vn-1 = '-2¢ ...(4)
From (3) aud (4), we observe that n +land n-1
both are rational because p and q both are rational.
But it possible only when (n + 1) and (n - 1) both are
perfect squares. But they differ by 2 and two perfect
squares never differ by 2. So both (n + l) and (n - 1)
cannot be perfect squares, hence there is no positive
integer n for which n-1+/n+ 1 is rational.