Matrices Basics Concepts

Always Select a Resultant Array Formula Ctrl + Shift + Enter

Output Formula
A+B =array of matrix A+ array of matrix B
A-B =array of matrix A- array of matrix B
A*B =MMULT(array of matrix A, array of matrix B)
B*A =MMULT(array of matrix B, array of matrix A)
|A| =MDETERM(array of matrix A)
A' =TRANSPOSE(array of matrix A)
Adj A =MDETERM(array of Matrix A)*MINVERSE(array of Matrix A)
A-1 =MINVERSE(array of matrix A)
While applying formula always select resultant array first then put formula and
Note:
thereafter click "ctl+shift+enter" simultaneouly.

A B
4 5 3 8 6 3
6 3 5 5 7 1
2 7 9 4 9 4

12 11 6 12 11 6
A+B 11 10 6 B+A 11 10 6
6 16 13 6 16 13

-4 -1 0 4 1 0
A-B 1 -4 4 B-A -1 4 -4
-2 -2 5 2 2 -5

Multiplication
Number of columns in first matrix should be equal to number of rows in second matrix
mxn=nxp

69 86 29 74 79 81
AB 83 102 41 BA 64 53 59
87 142 49 78 75 93

Determinant of A -144

Determinant of B 107

Transpose of A 4 6 2
5 3 7
3 5 9
Transpose of B 8 5 4
6 7 9
3 1 4

0.055556 0.166667 -0.111111

A -1
0.305556 -0.208333 0.013889
-0.25 0.125 0.125

B-1 0.17757 0.028037 -0.140187

-0.149533 0.186916 0.065421
0.158879 -0.448598 0.242991

ADJOINT OF A INVERSE OF A X DETERMINANT OF A

0.0555555556 0.166667 -0.111111

0.3055555556 -0.208333 0.013889 -144
-0.25 0.125 0.125

-8 -24 16
-44 30 -2
36 -18 -18
ADJA(A)
-1
B=MMULT(MINVERSE(Array
=MDETERM(array
A-B A=array
AB A+B =MDETERM(array
=MINVERSE(arra
=MMULT(array
=array
-1
ofof
of Matrix
AoA
of Matri
Matrix
Matrix A -
+
7 5 3

AX= B
X = A inverse B

A-1 Err:502

A inverse x B #VALUE!

Err:502
A=array
MINVERSE(Array
M(array
=MDETERM(array
=MINVERSE(array
ofof
MULT(array
=array
-1
of Matrix
A of
A)*MINVERSE(array
of Matrix
Matrix
Matrix A + of
Matrix
of
A,Matrix
- array Matrix
ofA),array
array
arrayof A)A)
of of Matrix
Matrix
Matrix
Matrix BB of Matrix
B) B) A)
z 12

x
y
z
Example 9 Multiplication case

Dosa French Fries Soft Drink

College Canteen 8 3 5 Dosa 1
Coffee House 10 2 4.5 French Fries 2
Fast Food 8 4 5 Soft Drink 1
Restaurant 12 5 0
4X3 3X1 4X1

Answer The cost of Lunch at each place:-

₹ 19.00 College Canteen

₹ 18.50 Coffee House
₹ 21.00 Fast Food
₹ 22.00 Restaurant
Example 10 Subtraction and Multiplication

A P C
Market Unit Sold Price Cost
A B C A ₹ 2.50 A ₹ 1.70
I 8000 4000 16000 B ₹ 1.25 B ₹ 1.20
II 7000 18000 9000 C ₹ 1.50 C ₹ 0.80
2X3

Answers
R
Profit Matrix ₹ 0.80 A
(P-C) ₹ 0.05 B
₹ 0.70 C 3X1

The Total Profit in Each market is given by the matrix product:-

AR ₹ 17,800.00 Market I
₹ 12,800.00 Market II
Example 12

School College Peon Clerk Cashier S. Officer Librarian Salary

400 50 School 18 5 1 0 0 Peon ₹ 300.00
1X2 College 18 5 1 1 1 Clerk ₹ 500.00
2X5 Cashier ₹ 600.00
S. Officer ₹ 700.00
Librarian ₹ 900.00
Answer 5X1

(i) The total no. of posts of each kind in schools and colleges taken together:-
Peon Clerk Cashier S. Officer Lib
8100 2250 450 50 50
1x5

(ii) The total monthly salary bills of schools and colleges taken together:-

₹ 3,905,000.00
Linear Equation Basic Que

9x+10y+2z= 80
13x+5y+4z= 90
6x+10y+3z= 85

(i) Inverse method A X B

9 10 2 x 80
AX=B 13 5 4 y 90
X=A-1 x B 6 10 3 z 85
3X1

A-1 0.142857 0.0571429 -0.171429

0.085714 -0.085714 0.057143
-0.571429 0.1714286 0.485714
3X3

2x
X 4y
11 z

Cramer's Rule D1 D2

x D1/D 2 80 10 2 9 80 2
y D2/D 4 90 5 4 13 90 4
z D3/D 11 85 10 3 6 85 3

DETER D1 -350 DETER D2 -700

 D3 D

9 10 80 9 10 2
13 5 90 13 5 4
6 10 85 6 10 3

DETER D3 -1925 -175

Exp 13 (Modified)

A
M1 M2 M3
P1 2 3 1
P2 4 2 5
P3 2 4 2

(i) Total requirement of each material if firm produces 100 units of each product
(ii) The per unit cost of each product if the per unit costs of material M1,M2 and M3 are Rs. 5, Rs. 10 and Rs. 5 respectively.
(iii) The total cost of production if firm produces 200 units of each product.
(iv) The number of each products that can be produced if firm has 1600, 1900 and 1700 units of material M1,M2 and M3 respectively.

Output MAT REQ

(i) P1 P2 P3
M1 2 4 2 100 P1
M2 3 2 4 100 P2
M3 1 5 2 100 P3
3X3 3X1

800 M1
MAT REQ 900 M2
800 M3

(II)
A
M1 M2 M3 COST
P1 2 3 1 5 M1
P2 4 2 5 10 M2
P3 2 4 2 5 M3
3X3 3X1

45 P1
PRODUCT COST 65 P2
 60 P3

(III) COST
P1 P2 P3 45 P1
200 200 200 65 P2
1X3 60 P3
3X1

34000

x #VALUE!
y
z

(iv)
A X B
P1 P2 P3
M1 2 4 2 x P1 1600
M2 3 2 4 y P2 1900
M3 1 5 2 z P3 1700
3X3 3X1

AX=B

X A INVERSE X B

1.142857 -0.142857 -0.857143 1600

0.142857 -0.142857 0.142857 1900
-0.928571 0.428571 0.571429 1700
3X3 3X1
100 P1
200 P2
300 P3
Microsoft Excel 16.0 Answer Report
Worksheet: [Matrices.xlsx]LLP MAX EXP 7
Report Created: 28-11-2024 02:40:48
Result: Solver found a solution. All Constraints and optimality conditions are satisfied.
Solver Engine
Engine: Simplex LP
Solution Time: 0.032 Seconds.
Iterations: 2 Subproblems: 0
Solver Options
Max Time Unlimited, Iterations Unlimited, Precision 0.000001
Max Subproblems Unlimited, Max Integer Sols Unlimited, Integer Tolerance 1%, Assume NonNegative

Objective Cell (Max)

Cell Name Original Value Final Value
$E$6 Decision Variables MAX PROFIT 0 1215

Variable Cells
Cell Name Original Value Final Value Integer
$B$6 Decision Variables PRODUCT A 0 0 Contin
$C$6 Decision Variables PRODUCT B 0 12 Contin
$D$6 Decision Variables PRODUCT C 0 21 Contin

Constraints
Cell Name Cell Value Formula Status Slack
$E$10 M1 RESOURCE CONSUMED 90 $E$10<=$G$10 Binding 0
$E$11 M2 RESOURCE CONSUMED 54 $E$11<=$G$11 Binding 0
$E$12 M3 RESOURCE CONSUMED 87 $E$12<=$G$12 Not Binding 6
Microsoft Excel 16.0 Sensitivity Report
Worksheet: [Matrices.xlsx]LLP MAX EXP 7
Report Created: 28-11-2024 02:40:48

Variable Cells
Final Reduced Objective Allowable Allowable
Cell Name Value Cost Coefficient Increase Decrease
$B$6 Decision Variables PRODUCT A 0 -12.5 30 12.5 1E+030
$C$6 Decision Variables PRODUCT B 12 0 40 30 22.5
$D$6 Decision Variables PRODUCT C 21 0 35 45 15

Constraints
Final Shadow Constraint Allowable Allowable
Cell Name Value Price R.H. Side Increase Decrease
$E$10 M1 RESOURCE CONSUMED 90 7.5 90 36 36
$E$11 M2 RESOURCE CONSUMED 54 10 54 4.5 31.5
$E$12 M3 RESOURCE CONSUMED 87 0 93 1E+030 6
Microsoft Excel 16.0 Limits Report
Worksheet: [Matrices.xlsx]LLP MAX EXP 7
Report Created: 28-11-2024 02:40:48

Objective
Cell Name Value
$E$6 Decision Variables MAX PROFIT 1215

Variable Lower Objective Upper Objective

Cell Name Value Limit Result Limit Result
$B$6 Decision Variables PRODUCT A 0 0 1215 0 1215
$C$6 Decision Variables PRODUCT B 12 0 735 12 1215
$D$6 Decision Variables PRODUCT C 21 0 480 21 1215
Maximisation Case
EXAMPLE 7

PRODUCT A PRODUCT B PRODUCT C MAX PROFIT

Decision Variables 0 12 21 1215
Contribution 30 40 35

RESOURCES PRODUCT A PRODUCT B PRODUCT C RESOURCE CONSUMED SIGN AVAILABLE RESOURCE

M1 3 4 2 90 <= 90
M2 2 1 2 54 <= 54
M3 1 2 3 87 <= 93
Maximise Z= 30x+40y+35z
Subject to constraints
3x+4y+2z <= 90
2x+y+2z <= 54
x+2y+3z <= 93

x,y,z>=0
EXAMPLE 13

DESK CHAIR BOOKSHELF MAX PROFIT

Decision Variables 100 0 40 36000
Contribution 270 144 225

RESOURCES DESK CHAIR BOOKSHELF RESOURCE CONSUMED SIGN AVAILABLE RESOURCE

MACHINE HRS 8 4 5 1000 <= 1000
LABOUR HRS 5 3 3 620 <= 650
FLOOR SPACE 9 6 9 1260 <= 1260
Maximise Z= 270x+144y+225z
Subject to constraints
8x+4y+5z <= 1000
5x+3y+3z <= 650
9x+6y+9z <= 1260

x,y,z>=0
Minimisation

X Y Min Cost Minimise

Decision Variables 3 18 96 Subject to constraints
Cost contribution 8 4

RESOURCES X Y RESOURCE CONSUMED SIGN AVAILABLE RESOURCE

A 3 1 27 >= 27
B 1 1 21 = 21
C 1 2 39 <= 40
 Z= 8x+4y
Subject to constraints
3x+y >= 27
x+y = 21
x+2y <= 40

x,y,z>=0
BUSINESS MATHEMATICS PRACTICAL EXAM

COMPUTER BASED TEST 20 MARKS

VIVA 10 MARKS
CA 10 MARKS
40 MARKS

WEIGHTAGE TOPICS
MATRICES 5 MARKS OR 10 MARKS ADDITION, MULTIPLICATION, INVERSE, CRAMER'S RULE
LPP 5 MARKS MAXIMISATION, MINIMISATION, MIXED CONSTRAINTS
MATHEMATICS OF FINANCE 10 MARKS OR 5 MARKS COMPOUNDING, PV, EQ OF VALUE, DEPRECIATION, ANNUITY