UG program in

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Patna

Content of Core Courses

 Semester – I
S. Subject Subject L T P C Remark
No. ID
1 CE111 Engineering Drawing 1 0 3 5
2 EE101 Electrical Sciences 3 1 0 8
Communicative English for
HS103 2 0.5 1 6
3 Engineers
4 MA101 Mathematics – I 3 1 0 8
5 ME110 Workshop – I 0 0 3 3
6 PH103 Physics – I 3 1 0 8
7 PH110 Physics Laboratory 0 0 3 3
TOTAL 12 3.5 10 41

Semester – II
S. Subject Subject L T P C Remark
No. ID
CB102
1 and Biology and Environmental Studies 3 0 0 6
CE102
2 CH103 Introductory Chemistry 3 1 0 8
3 CH110 Chemistry Laboratory 0 0 3 3
4 CS101 Programming and Data Structures 3 0 0 6
Programming and Data
5 CS110 0 0 3 3
Structures Laboratory
6 EE102 Basic Electronics Laboratory 0 0 3 3
7 MA102 Mathematics-II 3 1 0 8
8 ME102 Engineering Mechanics 3 1 0 8
TOTAL 15 3 9 45
 Semester - III
S. Subject Subject L T P C Remark
No. ID
1 MA201 Mathematics-III 3 1 0 8
2 HS2XX HSS Elective – I 3 0 0 6
Introduction to Metallurgical and
3 MM201 3 0 0 6
Materials Engineering
Introduction to Mineral Processing
4 MM203 3 0 3 9
and Raw Materials
Metallurgical Thermodynamics and
5 MM205 3 1 0 8
Kinetics
TOTAL 15 2 3 37

Semester - IV
S. Subject Subject L T P C Remark
No. ID
1 HS2XX HSS Elective – II 3 0 0 6
2 XX2XX Open Elective – I 3 0 0 6
3 MM202 Process Metallurgy 3 1 0 8
4 MM204 Phase Transformation and Diffusion 3 1 0 8
Metallography and Heat Treatment
0 0 3 3
5 MM210 Lab
6 MM206 Mechanical Metallurgy 3 1 0 8
TOTAL 15 3 3 39

Semester – V
S. Subject Subject L T P C Remark
No. ID
1 XX3XX Open Elective - II 3 0 0 6
Techniques of Materials
2 0 2 6
2 MM301 Characterization
3 MM303 Iron and Steel Making 3 0 0 6
4 MM305 Engineering Polymers 3 0 0 6
5 MM307 Ceramic and Glass 3 0 0 6
6 MM311 Materials Processing Lab I 0 0 3 3
TOTAL 14 0 5 33
 Semester – VI
S. Subject Subject L T P C Remark
No. ID
1 HS3XX HSS Elective – III 3 0 0 6
Thermomechanical Processing of
3 1 0 8
2 MM302 Metallic Materials
Corrosion and Degradation in
3 0 0 6
3 MM304 Materials
4 MM306 Functional Materials 3 0 0 6
5 MM312 Materials Processing Lab II 0 0 3 3
6 MM314 Mechanical Metallurgy Lab 0 0 3 3
TOTAL 12 1 6 32

Semester – VII
S. Subject Subject L T P C Remark
No. ID
1 XX4XXOpen Elective – III 3 0 0 6
Environmental Sustainability and
3 0 0 6
2 MM401 Industrial Safety
3 MMXXX Department Elective - I 3 0 0 6
4 MMXXX Department Elective - II 3 0 0 6
5 MM431 B.Tech Project 0 0 6 6
TOTAL 12 0 6 30

Semester – VIII
S. Subject Subject L T P C Remark
No. ID
1 MMXXX Departmental Elective-III 3 0 0 6
2 MMXXX Departmental Elective-IV 3 0 0 6
3 MM432 B.Tech Project 0 0 18 18
TOTAL 6 0 18 30
MM201 Introduction to Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
(3-0-0) 6 credit
Atomic structure and bonding: Concept of energy versus interatomic separation for atoms,
bonding in solids, primary interatomic bonding, secondary bonding

Structure of crystalline solids: Basic idea of lattice, crystalline and non-crystalline materials, unit
cell, crystal systems, indexing planes and directions, Miller indices, coordination number, packing
of atoms, symmetry in crystal systems.

Defects and diffusion in solids: Point, linear, planar and volume defects, equilibrium
concentration of vacancies, edge and screw dislocations, Burger vector, grain boundaries, twin and
stacking faults. Microscopy techniques. Diffusion mechanism, Fick’s first and second law.

Phase diagrams and phase transformation: Basic concept of solubility, phase and phase
equilibria, Gibbs phase rule, isomorphous and eutectic binary phase diagrams, concept of tie line
and lever rule, equilibrium and non-equilibrium cooling, microstructure development in eutectic
phase diagram.

Mechanical properties of materials: Concept of stress and strain, Hooks law, elastic and plastic
deformation, tensile properties, hardness, fatigue, fracture and creep, structure-property
relationship

Ferrous and non-ferrous alloys structure and properties: Introduction to ceramic, polymer and
composite – processing, structure, properties and applications.

Specific properties of engineering materials: Electrical, magnetic, thermal and optical properties
in terms of band and free electron theory.

Text Book:
1. Materials Science and Engineering, an Introduction: William D. Callister, 7th Ed., John Wiley
and Sons, 2007.
2. Fundamentals of Materials Science, the microstructure – property relationship using metals
as model systems: Eric J. Mittemeijer, Springer, 2011.
3. Materials Science and Engineering: V. Raghavan, 6th Ed., Prentice Hall India, 2015.

Reference Book:
1. Physical Foundation of Materials Science: Günter Gottstein, Springer, 2004.
2. An Introduction to Metallurgy: Sir Alan Cottrell, 2nd Ed., Universities Press, 2000.
MM203 Introduction to Mineral Processing and Raw Materials
(3-0-0) 6 credit

Mineralogy: Physical properties of minerals; Classification of various rock forming minerals,

Introduction and preliminary study of principle rock forming mineral groups; quartz, feldspar,
mica, pyroxenes, amphibole, garnet, feldspathoids. Mode of occurrence, origin, distribution,
association, and industrial uses of important metals (Al, Au, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Sn, Pb and Zn)

Comminution: Jaw and gyratory crushers, roll crusher and their performance. Ball & rod mills -
capacities and reduction ratios. Hammer mills, gravity stamps and disc crushers. Grinding - dry
and wet grinding. Open and closed circuit grinding. Laws of crushing and work index. Theory of
ball mill operation, Rittinger’s, Kick’s and Bond’s laws of crushing and grinding. Screening, sizing
and sampling.

Gravity concentration techniques: Theory of settling, Elementary concepts of movement of

solids in fluids. Stokes and Newtons Laws. Reynold’s number. Free and hindered settling.
Classification and its application in mineral dressing. Practice of Hydraulic and mechanical
classification, working of thickeners. Hydrocyclones and Rotary filters. Heavy media separation.
Principles of jigging and Tabling. Magnetic and Electro static separation. Processes with
equipments used. Important controlling factors in operation.

Flotation techniques: Application froth flotation. Frothers. Collectors. Depressants. Activators.

Ph modifiers etc., multistage flotation - Principle, equipments, and application. Differential
flotation. Flotation circuits. Study of basic de-watering techniques like-sedimentation – filtration
– drying. Simple flow sheets for beneficiation of Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and beach sands.

Text books:
1. Principles of Mineral Dressing: A.M. Gaudin, McGraw Hill, 1939.
2. Mineral Processing Technology: B.A. Wills, 8th Ed., Butterworth Heinemann, Elsevier, 2015.
3. Text Book of Geology: G.B. Mahapatra, CBS Publishers, 2009.

References books:
1. Mineral Processing Technology: S.K. Jain, 2nd Ed., CBS Publishers, 2001
2. Unit operation in Chemical Engineering: W.L. McCabe, J.C. Smith, P. Harriott, McGraw
Hill, 7th Ed., 2017
MM205 Metallurgical Thermodynamics and Kinetics
(3-1-0) 8 credit
Introduction to Thermodynamics: Basic concept and definitions-concept of state, reversible and
irreversible processes, path and state functions, extensive and intensive properties, thermodynamic
equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics

Laws of Thermodynamics:
1. First Law: Internal energy, enthalpy, constant volume and pressure process, isothermal and
adiabatic process, heat capacity.
2. Second Law: Criterion for equilibrium, entropy and disorder, most probable microstate,
statistical concepts of entropy, auxiliary functions, Maxwell’s relations, Gibbs-Helmholtz
equation.
3. Third Law: Variation of Gibbs energy with temperature and pressure, Clausius-Clapeyron
equation;
4. Behavior of gases: Ideal gases and non-ideal gases, Thermodynamic properties of mixtures of
ideal and imperfect gasses; reaction in gas, concepts of fugacity, reactions involving gases and
condensed phase, Standard Gibbs energy of reactions
5. Thermodynamic stability of materials. Ellingham diagram and its importance, application of
electrochemical series.
6. Behavior of solutions: Ideal solution, Gibb’s-Duhem equation, Raoults and Henry’s law, activity
of a component, regular solutions, free energy- composition diagrams for ideal and regular
solutions.
7. Phase equilibria & phase diagram: Gibbs phase rule, isobaric phase rule and application to unary,
binary and ternary systems, eutectic and eutectoid, peritectic and peritectoid diagrams, lever rule
and its application.
8. Introduction to kinetics: Basic kinetic laws, order of reactions, rate constant, elementary and
complex reactions, rate limiting steps and Arrhenius equations, theories of reaction rates - simple
collision theory, activated complex theory Heterogeneous reaction; Gas-solid, solid-liquid, liquid-
liquid and solid-solid systems. Empirical and Semi-empirical Kinetics, Concept of Johnson-Mehl
equation, Thermal analysis.

Text Books:
1. Introduction to Metallurgical Thermodynamics: David R. Gaskell, McGraw Hill, 4th Ed., 2009.
2. Kinetics of Materials: R.W. Balluffi, S.M. Allen, and W.C. Carter, Wiley, 2005.

Reference Books:
1. Physical Chemistry of Metals: L. Darken and R.W. Gurry, McGraw-Hill, 1953.
2. Thermodynamics of Solids: Richard A. Swalin, 2nd Ed., Wiley, 1972.
MM202 Process Metallurgy
(3-1-0) 6 credit
General methods of extraction in Pyrometallurgy - drying, calcination, roasting, smelting,
carbothermic and metllothermic reduction, refining techniques like liquation, distillation, vacuum
distillation etc.
Principles of hydro and electrometallurgy with suitable examples
Leaching techniques, leaching solvents, theory of leaching, bacterial leaching, electrochemical
nature of leaching, gold and silver extraction. Pressure leaching, Sherritt - Gorden process for
copper, nickel, cobalt ores; solvent extraction, ion exchange.
Electrometallurgy - electrolysis of aqueous solutions and fuses salts, cell design, recovery of metal
values by cementation, electro-winning, electro-refining etc.
Principles and important applications. Extraction of metals from oxides - magnesium and titanium
extraction, Bayer’s process, Hall Héroult process. Extraction of metals from sulphides. Extraction
of copper, lead, zinc and nickel.

Reference books:
1. Extraction of Non-ferrous Metals: H.S. Ray, R. Sridhar, K.P. Abraham, Affiliated East-West
Press, 2006.
2. Principles of Extractive Metallurgy: Terkel Rosenquist, 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill, 2004.
3. Serynkova; General Metallurgy
4. Theory of Metallurgical Processes: Anton Volsky, 2nd Ed., Mir Publication, 1971.

Text Books:
1. Philipova N.; Theory of Metallurgical Processes, Mir Publication; 1975.
2. Jackson Eric; Hydrometallurgical Extraction; John Wiely & Sons, 1986.
3. Bray J.L.;. Extraction of Non-ferrous Metals; John Wiely & Sons, 1959.
4. Hydrometallurgy: S. Venkatachalam, Narosa Publishing, 1998.
MM204 Phase Transformation and Diffusion
(3-1-0) 8 credit

Introduction to phase transformation: Definition of phase changes, long rage and short range
diffusion, diffusion‐ less changes, classification phase transformations.

Diffusion in solids: Steady state diffusion, non‐steady state diffusion, solution of Fick’s second
law, Grube solution, Matano‐Boltzmann solution, diffusivity, diffusion in ionic crystal, diffusion
along grain boundary.

Thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformation: Free energy of elemental crystal

and solid solutions, Thermodynamic order of transformation, First order and second order
transformation, kinetics of nucleation and growth homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation,
strain energy effect, interface control and diffusion control growth. Overall transformation
kinetics Empirical equations, The Johnson‐Mehl model and Avrami model.

Liquid‐solid transformation: Nucleation, homogeneous and heterogeneous, growth

continuous and lateral, interface stability, alloy solidification cellular and dendritic, eutectic,
off‐eutectic, peritectic solidification, welding, casting and rapid solidification.

Solid state diffusive transformation: Classification, nucleation and growth ‐ homogeneous

and heterogeneous mechanism, precipitate growth under different conditions, age hardening,
spinodal decomposition, precipitate coarsening, transformation with start range diffusion,
moving boundary transformations recrystallization, grain growth, eutectoid transformation,
discontinuous reactions.

Pearlitic and bainitic transformation: Factors influencing pearlitic transformation, mechanism

of transformation, nucleation and growth, orientation relationship, degenerate pearlite. Bainite
mechanism of transformation, nucleation and growth, orientation relationships, surface relief,
classical and non‐classical morphology, effect of alloying elements.

Non‐diffusive transformation: Characteristics of transformation, thermodynamics and

kinetics, nucleation and growth, morphology, crystallography, stabilization, strengthening
mechanisms, nonferrous martensite, shape memory effect/alloys.

Text Books:
1. Solid State Phase transformation: V. Raghavan, Prentice Hall India, 1987.
2. Phase Transformation in Metals and Alloys, D.A. Porter and K. Easterling, 3rd Ed., CRC Press,
2009.

Reference Books:
1. Physical Metallurgy Principles, Robert E. Reed-Hill, Affiliated East-West Press, 2008.
2. Physical Metallurgy, Vijender Singh, Standard Publishers Distributors, 2010.
3. Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, Sidney H. Avner, Tata McGraw-Hill.
MM206 Mechanical Metallurgy
(3-1-0) 8 credit
Elasticity: Introduction, elastic constants and atomistic origin, Mohr circle, stress tensor, strain
tensor, stress-strain relations, non-liner elasticity and viscoelasticity, mechanical testing

Plasticity: Elements of plasticity, Stress- strain flow curve, Von Mises and Tresca criterion, Single
Crystal Slip, Critically resolved shear stress, Theoretical Shear strength

Dislocations: Types of dislocations, Burgers vectors, slip systems, dislocation motion: jogs, kinks,
cross-slip, climb, Peierls stress, stress field of dislocation, forces on dislocations, dislocation
multiplication, interaction of dislocations with defects, dislocation dissociation, stacking faults,
twins

Strengthening Mechanisms: Work-hardening, yield point phenomena, strain aging, solid

solution strengthening, strengthening from fine particles, grain size strengthening and Hall-Petch
relationship, heat treatment, case studies

Fracture: Types of fracture, brittle fracture, Griffith‟s criteria, fracture in ductile material, fracture
toughness, notch effects, fracture mechanics, environmentally assisted fracture, case studies

Fatigue: Fatigue testing, S/N curve, low cycle fatigue, structural features, surface effects,
mechanisms, Case studies

Creep: Creep testing, creep curve, creep mechanisms, types of creep, diffusion creep, dislocation
creep, deformation mechanism maps, superplasticity, case studies

Text books:
1. Mechanical Metallurgy: G.E. Dieter, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill, 2017.

Reference Books:
1. Mechanical Behavior of Materials: Thomas H. Courtney, 2nd Ed., Waveland Press Inc., 2005.
2. Introduction to Dislocations: D. Hull and D.J. Bacon, Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier, 2011.
3. Deformation and Fracture Mechanics: R.W. Hertzberg, R.P. Vinci, J.L. Hertzberg, 5th Ed.,
Wiley, 2012.
MM301 Techniques of Materials Characterization
(2-0-2) 6 credit
X-ray Diffraction: Importance and the need for materials characterization, highlights of various
characterization techniques, Crystal structure & polymorphism determination techniques, X-Ray
Diffraction (XRD), Bragg’s Law, phase identification and analysis by XRD, Atomic scattering
factor, Geometrical structure factor. Indexing of Diffraction patterns, Selection rules.
Determination of structure and lattice parameters. Stress calculation, different approaches for
crystal and grain size measurements XRD

Powder characterization techniques: Particle size analysis techniques based on light scattering,
Light scattering, Coulter counter and Sedimentation method for particle size measurements, gas
adsorption (BET), Gas pycnometer for density measurement, and compositional analysis of
powders by XRF and ICP techniques

Optical and Electron Microscopy: Metallography and microstructures, Principles of optical

microscopy -resolution, magnification, depth of focus; electron diffraction, imaging (various
contrasts), Principle, construction and operation of Scanning Electron Microscope. Principle,
construction and working of Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Sample preparation of
different materials for SEM and TEM. Electron diffraction, Bright field and dark field images,
selected area diffraction, Elemental analysis using Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays and wave
length dispersive analysis of X-rays with SEM and TEM, Crystal Identification through Selected
area diffraction pattern (SADP)

Thermal analysis: Instrumentation and principles of techniques used for thermal analysis (DSC,
DTA, DMA, TG, DTG, EGD, RMA, DPC, DETA, TMA) and micro-thermal analysis, combined
method of thermal analysis and their applications in materials characterization.

Test Books:
1. Materials Characterization: Introduction to Microscopic and Spectroscopic Methods, Yang
Leng; 2nd Ed., Wiley, 2013.
2. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis: Joseph Goldstein, Eric Lifshin,
Charles E. Lyman, David C. Joy and Patrick Echlin, 3rd Ed., Springer, 2003.
3. Physical Methods for Materials Characterization, P.E.J. Flewitt, R.K. Wild, Institute of Physics
Publishing Ltd., 1994.
4. Thermal characterization of polymeric materials, Edith A. Turi (ed.), Academic Press, 1996.

Reference Books:
1. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction: B.D. Cullity and S.R. Stock, 3rd Ed., Pearson, 2001.
2. Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science: David B. Williams and
C. Barry Carter, Springer, 2009.
3. Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction and Symmetry, Marc
De Graef, Michael E. McHenry; 2nd Ed., Cambridge University Press, 2012.
4. Crystal Structure Determination: Werner Massa; 2nd Ed., Springer, 2010.
5. Crystal Structure Analysis: Principles and Practice, Peter Main, William Clegg (ed.),
Alexander J. Blake, Robert O. Gould, Vol. 6, Oxford Science Publication, 2001.
MM303 Iron and Steel making
(3-0-0) 6 credit

I. Ferrous Extractive Metallurgy I (Iron Making):

Brief details of coke making, beneficiation of iron ores and metallurgical coals, sizing of iron ores,
agglomeration of iron ore fines, sintering and pelletising. Importance of sizing & beneficiation of
raw materials, evaluation of properties of blast furnace burden materials and application to blast
furnace performance, functions/role of coke in blast furnace.

Chemical processes in blast furnace, reactions in Tuyere, hearth and bosh zone. Reduction and
coke gasification, reactions in stack and exit gases. Thermodynamics of blast furnace process
requirement in blast furnace, critical hearth temperature, temperature. Profile in the furnace. Free
energy and equilibrium consideration in blast furnace. A brief discussion on blast furnace
stoichiometry and enthalpy balance. Basic idea of blast furnace aerodynamics.

Blast furnace plant and operation-modern blast furnace, plant layout, details of construction of
blast furnace and its main accessories; gas cleaning system, hot blast generation. Blast furnace
refractories and blast furnace cooling system. Blowing in, blowing out and banking of blast
furnace, role of burden charging and distribution in iron extraction. Irregularities in blast furnace
operation and their remedies. Blast furnace products. Their quality control and disposal, coke rate
and fuel efficiency of B.F. operations.

Modern trends in blast furnace practice-production of super flux sinter, pellets, super flux and cold
bonded pellets. Auxiliary fuel injection in the blast furnace. High temperature blast, humidified
and oxy-generated blast, detailed discussion of high top pressure, desulphurization of hot metal &
decrepitation.

Alternate route for iron making: charcoal blast furnace, low shaft furnace and electro thermal
processes of iron making. Direct reduction processes, their classification, choice of DR process.
Applicability and present status of technology in India.

Production of ferro-alloy, ferro alloy industry in India. Beneficiation of indigenous raw materials
for ferro alloy industry. Production of various ferro-alloys Fe-Mn, Fe-V, Fe-Cr etc. uses of ferro-
alloys in iron and steel industry.

Text Books:
1. The manufacture of Iron: G.R. Bashforth, Chapman and Hall, 1964.
2. An Introduction to Modern Iron Making: R.H. Tupkary and V.R. Tupkary, Khanna Publishers,
2004.
3. Principles of Blast Furnace iron making: A.K. Biswas, Cootha Publishers, 1981.
4. Production of ferro-alloys: M.A. Riss and Lipnitzky
5. Steel Making: A.K. Chakrabarti, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall of India, 2007.

Reference Books:
1. The Making Shaping and Treating of steel: Vol., 11th Ed., The AISE Steel Foundation, 1998.
2. Physical Chemistry of Iron and Steel Manufacture: C. Bodsworth and H.B. Bell, 2nd Ed.,
Prentice Hall Press, 1978.
3. The reduction of Iron Ores: L.V. Bogdandy and H.-J. Engell, Springer, 1971.
4. The theory and practice – Blast Furnace ltd. – J.H. Siressearger

II. Ferrous Extractive Metallurgy II (Steel Making and Continuous casting):

World and Indian steel scenario, detailed layout of steel making plant, Intergrated Vs mini
steel plant, raw materials and refractories for steel making, external treatment of hot metal,
brief idea about historical steel making – Bessemer, open hearth and modified open hearth steel
making.

Thermodynamics and kinetics of steel making reactions, laws of thermodynamics and

application to the treatment of ferrous melts and slags, reactions of carbon, silicon,
manganese, phosphorous and Sulphur, steel furnace slags, properties, and slag control, slag
theories: Molecular & ionic theories, interpretation of the above reactions in terms of ionic
theory of slag, deoxidation practice, refining of ferrous – melt under oxygen jet; mechanism
of refining and kinetics.

Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) STEEL MAKING, top and bottom down blown oxygen steel making
furnaces, thermal balance in oxygen converter, process control in L.D. converter, some
characteristics of L.D. blow viz. Emulsion formation, slopping, lance height for dephosphorisation
& decarbunisation, treatment of high phosphorous iron in modified L. D. processes.

Mechanism of solidification & ingot casting, Types of steel‐ killed, semi‐killed & rimmed steel,
ingot structure and defects.

Evolution of continuous casting of steel, different types of caster, continuous casting theory and
practice, teeming practice and recent advances‐ EMS, mould level controller, near net casting

Electric arc furnace -advantages, charging, melting & refining practices for plain carbon & alloy
steel, use of DRI in arc furnace & it’s effect on performance.

Brief introduction of secondary advance and emerging technologies for steelmaking, steelmaking
challenges

Text Books:
1. Steel Making Technology: V.A. Kudrin, Mir publishers, 1985.
2. An Introduction to Modern Iron Making: R.H. Tupkary and V.R. Tupkary, Khanna Publishers,
2004.
3. Physical Chemistry of Iron and Steel Manufacture: C. Bodsworth and H.B. Bell, 2nd Ed.,
Prentice Hall Press, 1978.

Reference Books:
1. Converter and Open-hearth Steel Manufacture: G. Oiks, Mir Publishers, 1977.
2. Oxygen steel making for steel Makers: A. Jackson, George Newries Ltd., London.
3. Electric furnace steel Making: Vol. I and II, Metallurgical Society of AIME, Interscience
Publishers, 1962.
4. The Making, shaping and Treating of steel: H.E. McGannon, J.M. Camp, and C.B. Francis,
United States Steel Co., 1951.
5. Blast Furnace Theory – l Practice Strauff

III. Secondary & Special Steel Making:

The concept of cleanliness of steels, non‐metallic inclusions, dissolved gases. Tramp & residual
elements in steels and their effect on steel properties. Objectives and techniques adopted in
secondary steelmaking, development of secondary steelmaking and their importance under Indian
conditions, sources of inclusions, sulphur, phosphorus and gases in steel, role of slag and powders
in inclusion control, thermodynamic and kinetic consideration of desulphurization,
dephosphorisation, decarburization and degassing of steel melts, modifications of inclusion
morphologies, secondary steelmaking technologies, inert gas purging, Vacuum degassing –
RH/DH, OD, VAD etc. Ladle furnace, powder injection system –powder dispenser, lance, etc.;
physicochemical and fluid dynamic aspects of powder injection and stirring processes, role
of slag and powders in inclusion control, desulphurization, cored wire feeding, production of
ultra low C, S, P and inclusion free steels, powder injection system, addition of CaSi for shape
inclusion. Production of stainless steels through VOD, AOD & CLU processes. Production of
ultraclean steel through post solidification treatments (VAR, ESR processes), Refractories used in
secondary steelmaking furnaces, their properties and selection criteria. A critical appraisal of
hybrid blowing process, UHP electric arc and induction furnaces with respect to raw materials,
energy consumption, productivity and product quality; Special grade steels. Recent advance in
secondary steel making.

Text Books:
1. Principles of Secondary Processing and Casting of Liquid Steels: Ahindra Ghosh, South Asia
Books, 1990.
2. Secondary Steel Making: Principles & Applications: Ahindra Ghosh, CRC Press, 2000.
3. The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel: (Steelmaking Volume), R.J. Fruehan (ed.), The
AISE Steel Foundation, 2004.
MM305 Engineering Polymers (3-0-0) 6 credit

Structure property relationship in polymers. Synthesis, properties & applications of thermoplastic

engineering polymers: polyamides, modified polyamides, polyesters – PET, PBT, polyacetals, PC
and LCP’s. Synthesis, properties & applications of high temperature resistance thermoplastic
engineering polymers: PTFE, PCTFE, PVDF, PPO, PPS, polysulphones, PEEK, Polyimides,
Polybenzimidazoles, aromatic polyamides. Thermoset engineering polymers. Blends of
engineering polymers. Additives and compounding of engineering polymers: Fillers, antioxidants,
stabilizers, lubricants, plasticizers, toughening agents, colorants, fire retardants, coupling agents,
blowing agents, UV stabilizer, antistatic agents, anti blocking agents, slip & antislip agents,
processing aids, mold releasing agents. Processing of engineering polymers. Testing and
characterization of engineering polymers.

Text books:
1. Specialty Plastics: R.W. Dyson, 2nd Ed., Blackie Academic & Professional, 1988.
2. Engineering Plastics Handbook: James M. Margolis, McGraw Hill, 2006.
3. Engineered Materials Handbook (Vol. 2): Engineering Plastics, ASM International 1988.
4. Modern Plastics Handbook: C.A. Harper, McGraw Hill, 2000.

References Books:
1. Introduction to Physical Polymer Science: L.H. Sperling, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
2. An Introduction to Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers: I.M. Ward, J. Sweeney, 2nd Ed.,
John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
3. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002
4. Industrial Polymers, Specialty Polymers, and Their Applications: Manas Chanda, Salil K. Roy,
CRC Press, 2008.
5. Plastic Materials: J.A. Brydson, 6th Ed., Elsevier, 1995.
MM307 Ceramics and Glass (3-0-0) 6 credit
Introduction to Ceramic Science: Ceramic crystal structures, defects, diffusion and transport.

Ceramic phase diagrams: binary systems: complete solid solubility, eutectic diagrams with
partials solid solubility and no intermediate compounds, partial solid solubility with formation of
intermediate compounds; Ternary systems.

Basics of Ceramic Processing: Synthesis and characterization of ceramic powders. Colloidal

phenomena, rheology of suspensions, ceramic forming methods, and drying. High temperature
ceramic reactions, liquid and solid-state sintering, grain growth, microstructure development.
Processing/microstructure/property relationships, controlling kinetics and thermodynamic factors.
Thermal, electronic, optical and magnetic properties of ceramics.

Glass Engineering: Nature of the glassy state, Glass formation and the glass transition (Structural,
Thermodynamic, and Kinetic effects on Tg, Kinetic and thermodynamic criteria for glass
formation, use of Na2O-SiO2 and Na2O-CaO- SiO2 phase diagrams in glass manufacture, types of
glasses and their chemical compositions, Physical properties of glasses, density, refractive index,
thermal expansion and thermal stresses, thermal endurance of glass, toughening of glasses,
strength and fracture behaviour of glass and its articles, effect of temperature and composition on
the physical properties of glasses, durability and corrosion behavior,
Glass making raw materials, addition of cullet to the batch, reactions amongst the constituents of
glass, thermal currents and flow pattern in the glass tank furnace, Defects in glass, bubbles and
seeds, cords, stresses and colour inhomogeneity and their remedies, annealing of glasses
Glass ceramics; Nucleation and crystal growth in glasses, nucleation through micro miscibility,
nucleating agents, properties and applications of glass-ceramics
Nature of the glassy state, Glass formation and the glass transition (Structural, Thermodynamic,
and Kinetic effects on Tg, durability and corrosion behavior

Text Books:
1. Introduction to Ceramics: W.D. Kingery, H.K. Bowen, D.R. Uhlmann, 2nd Ed., Wiley, 1976.
2. Ceramic Processing and Sintering: M.N. Rahaman, Marcel Dekker, 1995
3. Ceramic Materials: Science and Engineering: C. Barry Carter, M. Norton, Springer, 2nd Ed.,
2013.
4. Glass Science and Technology, D.R. Uhlmann, N.J. Kredl (ed), Vol. 1&2, Academic Press,
1990.
5. Chemistry of Glasses: Amal Paul, Chapman Hall, 1990.

Reference Books:
1. Fundamentals of Ceramics: M.W. Barsoum, McGraw Hill, 1997.
2. Introduction to Ceramics, 2nd Ed., W. David Kingery, H.K. Bowen, Donald R. Uhlmann,
Wiley, 1976.
3. Hand book of Glass Manufacture: F.V. Tooley, Vol 1&2, Ashlee Pub. Co, 1984.
4. Introduction to Fine Ceramics: N. Ichinose, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1987.
5. A Concise Introduction to Ceramics: G.C. Phillips, VNR Publications, 1991.
MM302 Thermomechanical Processing of Metallic materials
(3-1-0) 8 credit

MM304 Corrosion and Degradation of Metallic Materials

(3-0-0) 6 credit

MM306 Functional Materials

(3-0-0) 6 credit
Free Electron Theory of Metals: Band theory, classification of materials based on band theory
viz. conductors, conductors-classification and properties, factors affecting conductivity / resistivity
of conductors, various conducting materials: composition, properties and applications.

Resistors: Materials used for heating elements viz. nichrome, kanthal, silicon carbide and
molybdenum, their composition, properties and applications
Semiconductors and insulators. Intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors, II-VI, III-V and IV-IV
group semiconductors, production of single crystal of semiconducting materials, effects of doping.

Ferro-electric, Piezo-electric and Dielectric-phenomena: Principle, materials and their

applications; Ferroelectric ceramic materials, Basic Ceramic Dielectric formulation for capacitors.
Multi-Layer Capacitors, Relaxor ferroelectrics, NTC and PTC thermistors.

Magnetism: Sources of magnetism-orbital and spin motion of electron, types of magnetism: Dia-
, para-, ferro-, ferri- and antiferro-magnetism, domain theory, types of magnetic materials: soft and
hard magnetic materials and ferrites, Effect of composition, processing and microstructure on the
magnetic properties. Processing and applications.

Super conductivity: BCS theory, Meissner effect, materials, Type I and II superconductors
Ionic conductors and their applications in fuel cells and batteries.

Text Books:
1. Introduction to the Electronic Properties of Materials: David C. Jiles, 2nd Ed., CRC Press, 2001.
2. Electronic Materials: Science and Technology: Shyam P. Murarka, Martin C. Peckerar,
Academic Press, 1989.
3. Electronic Materials Science: Eugene A. Irene, Wiley, 2005.
4. An Introduction to Electronic Materials for Engineers: Zhengwei Li, Nigel M. Sammes, 2nd
Ed., World Scientific Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd., 2011.

Reference Books:
1. Electronic Materials and Devices: David K. Ferry, Jonathan P. Bird, Wiley, 2001.
2. Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials: David Jiles, 3rd Ed., CRC Press, 2015.
3. Electroceramics: Materials, Properties, Applications: A.J. Moulson, J.M. Herbert, Wiley,
2003.
4. Reliability and Failure of Electronic Materials and Devices: Milton Ohring, 2nd Ed., Academic
Press, Elsevier, 2014.

MM401 Environmental Sustainability and Industrial Safety

(3-0-0) 6 credit
Concept of sustainable development–environmental issues and crisis related to mining,
metallurgy, ceramics and polymers. Operational guidelines, resource protection and management
for aforementioned materials. Identification, characterization and classification of industrial
wastes from metals, ceramics, plastics and rubber based industries. Handling, transportation and
storage. Disposal - processing technique and equipment, regulatory process. Recovery, recycle and
reuse. Impact of beneficiation process.

Industrial safety – concept of safety, safety by design, safety inspection, accident prevention,
Heinrich theory of accident prevention, cost of accident, safety performance monitoring. Fire,
chemical and acid safety - detection system, prevention and protection. Health hazards - hazard
identification and risk assessment - FMEA and HAZOP, common industrial hazards and remedies,
engineering controls and personal protective controls, QRA. Occupation diseases – silicosis,
asbestosis, pneumoconiosis, aluminosis, gas poisoning - temporary and cumulative effects. Game
theory approach to deal pollution.

Information on safety protocol and regulations in relevant industries. Case studies involving
mining industry, iron and steel industry, blast furnace, cold-forming and hot-working of metals,
foundry and furnaces, handling of powders and ceramic raw materials. Health and regulatory
issues with raw materials for cement, glass, refractory and sanitary-ware. Awareness and
prevention for related risks and diseases.

Text Books:
1. M.H. Fulekar, B. Pathak, R.K. Kale, Environment and sustainable development, Springer,
2014.
2. D. Petersen, Techniques for safety management - A systems approach, ASSE 1998.

Reference books:
1. S.P. Mahajan, Pollution control in process industries, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company,
New Delhi, 1993.
2. J. Nagaraj, Industrial safety and pollution control handbook, National safety council, 1992.
3. Michael Karmis, Mine Health and Safety Management, SME, Littleton Co., 2001.
4. N.V. Krishnan, Safety in Industry, Jaico Publishing House, 1996, Mine Health and Safety
Management SME, Littleton, CO, USA, 2001.