GEOGRAPHY

CH-1

Resources and Development

Development of Resources; Resource Planning

MCQ

1. Match the column-1 with column-2 and choose the correct option:

Column-1 Column-2

(Resources) (Example)

(I) Biological 1. Coal

(II) Renewable 2. Wildlife

(III) Non-renewable 3. Solar Energy

I II III
(a) 1 3 2

(b) 3 2 1

(c) 2 3 1

(d) 1 2 3

(2023)

2. Which among the following is NOT a problem of resource development?

(a) Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals

(b) Accumulation of resources in few hands

(c) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources

(d)An equitable distribution of resources

(Term-I, 2021-22)

VSA (1 mark)
3. Fill in the blanks of the following table with suitable information:
 Resource on the basis of exhaustibility

Types of Resources Examples

(A) Solar and Wind energy

(B) Mineral and Fossil fuels

(2020)

4. Fill in the blanks.

Types of Resources Examples

Biotic and abiotic A-?

Renewable and non-renewable B-?

(Delhi 2020)
5. Fill in the blanks of the following table with suitable information.
Type of resources: On the basis of ownership

Types of Resources Examples

A-? Grazing grounds, ponds etc.

B-? Cultivated land of farmer.

(2020)

6. Favourable conditions for wind energy exist in Western Rajasthan and Gujarat, but they have not
been utilised and developed to the maximum. It falls in which category of resources?
(2019 C)
7. Classify resources based on origin.
(2018, 2015, 2014)
8. Give one difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources.
(2016)
 SA I (3 marks)
9. Describe the importance of judicious use of resources.
(2020)

10. Describe the different steps of 'resource planning'.

(2020, 2017, 2014)

11. "Resource Planning is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life." Support the statement
with examples.
(2020 C)
12. What is Agenda 21? List its two principles.
(2016)

13. Classify the resources on the basis of exhaustibility. State two characteristics of each.
(2016)

14. "In India, some regions are rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources".
Do you agree with the statement? Support your answer with any three examples.
(2016)

LA (5 marks)
15. What are the three stages of resource planning in India? Why is it essential to have resource
planning?
(2017,2014)

Land Resources; Land Utilisation; Land Use Pattern in India; Land Degradation and
Conservation Measures

MCQ
16. In which one of the following states overgrazing is the main reason for land degradation?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Punjab
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttar Pradesh
(Term-I, 2021-22)

17. Deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation in which one of the following states?
(a) Odisha
 (b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Kerala
(d) Gujarat
(Term-I, 2021-22)

18. Which one of the following human activities has contributed most in land degradation?
(a) Deforestation
(b) Overgrazing
(c) Mining
(d) Over-irrigation
(Term-I, 2021-22)

19. Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose
the most appropriate option.
Assertion (A) : Indian farmers should diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high-value
crops.

Reason (R) : This will increase income and reduce environmental degradation simultaneously.

(a) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of the 𝐴.

(b) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of the 𝐴.

(c)A is correct, but R is incorrect.

(d)A is incorrect, but R is correct.

(Term-I, 2021-22)

VSA (1 mark)
20. How much percentage of forest area is desired in a geographical area to maintain ecological balance
as outlined in the National Forest Policy?
(2020 C)
21. How is over irrigation responsible for land degradation in Punjab?
(Delhi 2019)

22. How is cement industry responsible for land degradation?

(Delhi 2019)

23. In which states has mining caused severe land degradation?

(2014)

SA I (3 marks)
24. Explain with examples, the ways to solve the problem of land degradation in the Himalayan region.

(2020 C)
25. 'Land is a natural resource of utmost importance'. Justify the statement with appropriate arguments.

(2014)

SA II (4 marks)
26. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of
overburdening. In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha, deforestation due
to mining have caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh
and Maharashtra, overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. In the states of Punjab,
Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, over-irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water
logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. The mineral processing like grinding
of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generates huge
quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it
settles down on the land. In recent years, industrial eflluents as waste have become a major source of
land and water pollution in many parts of the country.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option :

(i) Inwhich one of the following states is overgrazing the main reason for 'land degradation'?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) Punjab
(d) Madhya Pradesh

(ii) Which one of the following is a major source of water pollution?

(a) Rainfall
(b) Landslide
(c) Over-irrigation
(d) Industrial waste

(iii) Why is 'over-irrigation' responsible for land degradation?

(a) Increases the salinity of soil
(b) Decreases the water absorption capacity of soil
(c) Increases landslides
(d) Decreases the fertility of soil

(iv) Which one of the following is the main reason of 'land degradation' in Jharkhand?
(a) Overgrazing
(b) Over-irrigation
(c) Industrial waste
(d) Mining

CLICK HERE FOR

SOLUTIONS
 (2021 C)

LA (5 marks)
27. Discuss the factors responsible for land degradation in India.
(2015,2014)

Soil as a Resource; Classification of Soils; Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation

MCO
28. Which of the following is correctly matched?
(a) Alluvial Soil - Gangetic plain

(b) Black Soil - Himalayan Region

(c) Arid Soil - Western Ghats

(d)Laterite Soil - Desert Area

(2023)

29. Which of the following is correctly matched?

(a) Alluvial Soil - Consist of sand and silt
(b) Black Soil - Salt content is high
(c) Arid Soil - Diffusion of iron in crystalline
(d) Laterite Soil - Made up of Lava flows

(2023)

30. Identify the soil which ranges from red to brown in colour and saline in nature.
(a) Red soil
(b) Laterite soil
(c) Arid soil
(d) Alluvial soil
(Term-I, 2021-22)

31. Which one of the following forces leads to maximum soil erosion in plains?
(a) Wind
(b) Glacier
(c) Running water
(d) Earthquake
(Term-I, 2021-22)

CLICK HERE FOR

SOLUTIONS
 VSA (1 mark)
32. Read the following features of a soil and name the related soil :
(a) Develops in high rainfall area

(b) Intense leaching process takes place.

(c)Humus content is low.

(2020)

33. Give one example of the main commercial crop cultivable in laterite soil.
(2020)

34. Highlight the importance of contour ploughing.

(Al 2019)

35. Which type of soil is most suitable for growing the crop of cashew nut?
(2019)

36. Which soil type is the most widely spread and important soil in India?
(2019,2015)
37. Which soil types is made up of lava flows?
(2014)
SA I (3 marks)
38. Describe any three main features of 'Alluvial soil' found in India.
(2019)

39. Describe any three main features of 'Black soil' found in India.
(2019)

40. Name the soil type which is widely found in Western Rajasthan. Explain two important
characteristics of this soil type which makes it unsuitable for cultivation.
(2017)

41.Distinguish between red soil and laterite soil stating any three points of distinction.

(2015)

LA (5 marks)

CLICK HERE FOR

SOLUTIONS
42. Explain the two types of soil erosion mostly observed in India. Explain three human activities
responsible for soil erosion.
(2016)
43. Describe any five distinct characteristics of 'Arid soils'.
(2015)

44. Why is soil considered as a resource? Explain with five arguments.

(2015)

45. What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give four main features of this type
of soil.
(2014)
 GEOGRAPHY
CH-2
Forest and Wildlife Resources

Biodiversity or Biological Diversity; Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India

SA I (3 marks)

1. In which year was the 'Indian Wildlife Protection Act' implemented in India? Describe the main
thrust area of this programme.
(2017)

2. 'Forests and wildlife are vital to the quality of life and environment'. Justify the statement by giving
three reasons.
(2016)

3. 'Large-scale development projects have also contributed significantly to the loss of forests'. Justify
this statement with relevant examples.
(2016)
4. Explain any three factors responsible for the depletion of flora and fauna in India.
(2014)

LA (5 marks)
5. What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important for human lives? Analyse.
(2017)

6. Analyse any four reasons for the depletion of forest resources in India.
(2015)

7. Describe the steps taken to conserve the flora and fauna of the country.
(2015, 2014)
 GEOGRAPHY
CH-3
Water Resources

Water Scarcity and the Need for Water Conservation and Management; Multi-purpose River

Projects and Integrated Water Resources Management; Rainwater Harvesting

MCQ

1. In which of the following States Tungabhadra Dam is located?

(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Kerala
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Karnataka
(2023)

2. Which one of the following factors is mainly responsible for declining water level in India?
(a) Irrigation
(b) Industrialisation
(c) Urbanisation
(d) Over-utilisation
(Term-I, 2021-22)

VSA (1 mark)

3. Name any one river valley project which has significantly contributed to the loss of forests. (2014)
An

SA I (3 marks)

4. How are traditional rainwater harvesting methods being carried out to conserve water resources in
different regions ? Explain with examples.

(2019 C)

5. "Archaeological and historical records show that from ancient times we have been constructing
sophisticated hydraulic structures in India." Substantiate the statement by giving three evidences.

(2019 C)
6. "Water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing population in India." Analyse the statement.
(Delhi 2019)
7. "Multi-purpose projects and large dams have been the cause of many new social movements."
Highlight the concerns related to such movements.
(2019)
8. "Urbanisation has added to water scarcity." Support the statement with arguments.
(Al 2019)

9. "The dams that were constructed to control floods have triggered floods." Analyse the statement.
(2019)

10. "Water harvesting system is an effective measure to reduce the problem of water scarcity." Justify the
statement.
(Al 2019)
11.How has Shillong solved the problem of acute shortage of water?

(2019)

12. How has Tamil Nadu solved the problem of acute shortage of water?
(2019)

13. How has ever increasing number of industries in India made worse position by exerting pressure on
existing freshwater resources? Explain.
(2018)

14. "Water scarcity is increasing day-by-day." Justify the statement citing three reasons. (2017) An

15. Explain the working of underground tanks as a part of rooftop rainwater harvesting system practised
in Rajasthan.

(2016)
16. Describe the working of roof top rainwater harvesting being practised in India.
(2016)

17. Mention any four main objectives of multi-purpose river valley projects. Name any two Multi-
purpose Projects of India.
(2015)
18. What is Bamboo Drip Irrigation? Mention any two features of it.
(2015)

19. How have industrialisation and urbanisation posed a great pressure on existing freshwater resources
in India? Explain with examples.
 (2015)

20. Why did Jawaharlal Nehru proclaim the dams as the "temples of modern India"? Explain any three
reasons.
(2014)

21. Water scarcity in most cases is caused by overexploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water
among different social groups'. Explain the meaning of the statement with the help of examples.
(2014)
22. List any three advantages and three disadvantages of multipurpose river project.
(2014)

SA II (4 marks)

23. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:

RAINWATER HARVESTING

Many thought that given the disadvantages and rising resistance against the multi purpose projects,
water harvesting system was a viable alternative, both socio-economically and environmentally. In
ancient India, along with the sophisticated hydraulic structures, there existed an extraordinary
tradition of water harvesting system. People had in-depth knowledge of rainfall regimes and soil
types and developed wide ranging techniques to harvest rainwater, groundwater, river water and
flood water in keeping with the local ecological conditions and
their water needs. In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the 'guls' or
'kuls' of the Western Himalayas for agriculture. 'Rooftop rainwater harvesting' was commonly
practised to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan. In the flood plains of Bengal, people
developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields. In arid and semiarid regions, agricultural fields
were converted into rain fed storage structures that allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil
like the 'khadins' in Jaisalmer and 'Johads' in other parts of Rajasthan.

(i)Why is water harvesting system a viable alternative? (ii) Describe the process of 'rooftop rainwater
harvesting.'

(iii) Mention any two methods adopted by ancient India for water conservation.

(2023)

LA (5 marks)
24. Describe the procedure for rooftop rainwater harvesting.
(2016)

25. Explain any four reasons responsible for water scarcity in India.
 (2015)
26. Why is rooftop water harvesting important in Rajasthan? Explain.
(2014)
 GEOGRAPHY

CH-4

Agriculture

Types of Farming; Cropping Pattern

MCQ

1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of 'Intensive Subsistence Farming' ?

(a) This is practised in areas of high population.

(b) It is an example of labour-intensive farming.

(c) High doses of biochemical inputs are used.

(d)It is an example of commercial farming.

(2021 C)

VSA (1/2 mark)

2. Explain any two features of Intensive Subsistence farming.
(2023)

3. Give one example of the main commercial crop cultivable in laterite soil.
(Delhi 2020)

4. By which name is specialised cultivation of fruits and vegetables known?

(2017)

5. Describe 'Jhumming cultivation' in one sentence.

(2017)

6. By which other name is 'slash and burn' agriculture known?

(2014)
7. India is the largest producer as well as consumer of which agricultural product in the world?
(2014)

SA I (3 marks)
8. Describe any three main features of 'Rabi crop season.'
 (Delhi 2020, 2019)
9. Describe any three main features of 'Kharif crop season.'
(Delhi 2019)

LA (5 marks)
10. Analyse any five features of Commercial Farming.
(2020)

Major Crops

MCQ
11. Identify the crop with the help of the following information and choose the correct option.
• This is the second most important Cereal Crop.
• This a Rabi crop.
• It requires a cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening.
• It requires 50 to 75 cm annual rainfall.
(a) Wheat
(b) Maize
(c) Rice
(d) Sugarcane
(2023)

VSA (1 mark)
12. Write the temperature requirement of Maize crop.
(2020)

13. Complete the following table with correct information for A and B :
Temperature
Annual rainfall
Climate required for its
required
Sugarcane growth (in degrees)
crop
Hot and
A−? B−?
Humid
 (2020)
14. Which is the leading coffee producing state in India?
(2016)

15. What is the importance of millets?

(2016) An

16. Which crop is the major crop of rabi?

(2014)

SA I (3 marks)
17. Describe the geographical conditions required for rubber cultivation.
(2019 C)

18. Categorise the following as 'Rabi crops' and 'Zaid crops':

(i) Wheat
(ii) Watermelon
(iii) Fodder crops
(iv) Mustard
(v) Cucumber
(vi)Peas
(Al 2019)

19. Describe geographical conditions required for tea cultivation.

(2019 C)

20. Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of 'wheat' in India.
(2019 C, 2014)

21. What is the importance of pulses in our country? Why are pulses grown as a rotation crop?
(2017)

22. What are the growing conditions required for the main staple food crop of India? Mention the main
growing regions.
(2015)

23. How many cropping seasons are found in India? Name them and write a short note on each.
(2015,2014) 𝖴

LA (5 marks)
24. Name the two major beverage crops grown in India. Describe their growing areas.
(2019)

25. Name the two major fibre crops grown in India. Describe the conditions required for growth of these
two crops with their growing areas.
(2019)
26. Name any four oilseeds produced in India. Explain the importance of oilseeds in our day to day life.
(2017)

27. What are millets? Give brief description of the climatic conditions and producing states of the millets
grown in India.
(2017)

28. Which crop is known as the 'golden fibre'? Explain any two geographical conditions essential for the
cultivation of this crop. Mention its any four uses.
(2016)

29. Mention any two geographical conditions required for the growth of maize crop in India. Describe
any three factors which have contributed to increase in maize production.
(2015)

30. Explain any three geographical conditions required for the growth of rice in India. How is it possible
to grow rice in areas of less rainfall? Explain with examples.
(2015)

OR
What are the climatic conditions required for the growth of rice?

(2014)

Technological and Institutional Reforms

VSA (1 mark)
31. Which factors have helped Punjab and Haryana to grow more and more of rice?
(2017)
32.How can small and marginal farmers be supported by the government?

(2017)
 SA I (3 marks)
33. Explain any three institutional reforms taken for the development of Indian agriculture.
(2023)

34. Explain any three steps for agriculture reforms taken by the Government of India, after the
independence.
(Delhi 2018)
35. Describe any three technological and institutional reforms made in the field of agriculture in India.
(2014)

LA (5 marks)
36. Why is agriculture called the backbone of Indian economy? Explain.
(Delhi 2020)

37. The government of India has introduced various institutional and technological reforms to improve
agriculture in the 1980's and 1990. Support this statement with examples.
(Delhi 2018)
38. Explain any five initiatives taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.
(2017)
 GEOGRAPHY

CH-5

Minerals and Energy Resources

What is a Mineral?; Mode of Occurrence of Minerals

VSA (1 mark)

1. How do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks?

(Al 2015)

2. What are the two types of occurrence of minerals in igneous and metamorphic rocks?

(Foreign 2015)

3. What is a mineral?

(2015)

SA I (3 marks)
4. Classify metallic minerals with an example of each.
(2020 C)

5. "Minerals occur in various forms". Support this statement with examples.

(2020)

6. "Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives". Support this statement with examples.
(2020)

Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Minerals; Non-Metallic Minerals; Rock Minerals

MCQ

7. Which one of the following is an example of the Ferrous Metal?

(a) Copper
(b) Tin
(c) Bauxite
(d) Nickel
(2023)

8. Which one of the following minerals is used to harden steel during its manufacturing?
(a) Iron ore
(b) Coking coal
 (c) Manganese
(d) Limestone
(Foreign 2014)

VSA (1 mark)
9. Why are there a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and density found in minerals?
(Delhi 2016)

10. How is iron-ore transported from Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangaluru?

(Foreign 2016)

11. Why aluminium metal has great importance?

(2015)

SA I (3 marks)
12. Differentiate between anthracite and bituminous coal on the basis of quality.
(2020 C)

13. Describe any three characteristics of the Durg-BastarChandrapur iron-ore belt in India.
(Al 2017)

14.Describe any three characteristics of 'OdishaJharkhand belt' of iron ore in India.

(Delhi 2017)

15. Describe any three characteristics of BallariChitradurga, Chikkamagaluru-Tumakuru iron-ore belt in

India.
(Foreign 2017)

16. "India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world. Yet we are not able to perform
to our full potential." Suggest and explain any three measure to get full potential.
(Foreign 2016)
17. Describe any three features of ferrous minerals found in India.
(Foreign 2015)

18. How is the mining activity injurious to the health of the miners and environment? Explain.

(Delhi 2015)
19. Why is mica considered the most important mineral in electric and electronic industries? Give three
reasons.

(Al 2014)

Conservation of Minerals; Energy Resources: Conservation of Energy Resources

MCQ
20. In which of the following states is Kalpakkam nuclear power plant located?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Odisha
(c) Kerala
(d) Tamil Nadu
(2020)

21. Choose the correct option from column 𝐴 and 𝐵.

(2020)
22. In which of the following States is Narora Nuclear Power Plant located?
(a) Karnataka
(b) Kerala
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Uttar Pradesh
(2020)

VSA (1 mark)
23. Fill in the blank: is well known for effective use of wind energy in Rajasthan.
(2020)

24. Suggest any one way to enhance the use of natural gas in India.
(2020)

25. Fill in the blanks :

 'Gobar gas plants' provide twin benefits to the farmers in the form of and

(2020)
26. Suggest any one way to maximize the use of nuclear energy in the field of medicine.
(2020)

27. Why should the use of cattle cake as fuel be discouraged?

(Al 2016)

28. How are 'Gobar Gas Plants' beneficial to the farmers?

(2016)

SA I (3 marks)

29. 'Consumption of energy in all forms has been rising all over the country. There is an urgent need to
develop a sustainable path of energy development and energy saving. Suggest and explain any three
measures to solve this burning problem.

(AI 2016)

30. "There is a pressing need to use renewable energy resources." Justify the statement with suitable
arguments.

(2016)
31. Which minerals are used to obtain nuclear energy? Name all the six nuclear power stations of India.
(2016)

32. "Natural gas is considered an environment friendly fuel." Explain the statement in two points. (2015)

33. How is geothermal energy produced? Explain.

(2015)

34. How can biogas solve the energy problem mainly in rural India? Give your suggestions.
(2015)

35. Why is energy required for all activities? How can energy be generated? Explain.
(Delhi 2014)

SA II (4 marks)
36. Read the given case and answer the questions that follow:
 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES
Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. Every sector of the national economy -
agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic - needs inputs of energy. The economic
development plans implemented since independence necessarily required increasing amounts of
energy to remain operational. As a result, consumption of energy in all forms has been steadily rising
all over the country. In this background, there is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of
energy development. Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy
sources are the twin planks of sustainable energy. India is presently one of the least energy efficient
countries in the world. We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of our limited
energy resources. For example, as concerned citizens we can do our bit by using public transport
systems instead of individual vehicles; switching off electricity when not in use, using power-saving
devices and using non conventional sources of energy. At last "Energy Saved is energy produced".

(i) Why is sustainable energy a key to sustainable development?

(ii) Why is consumption of energy rising in all over India?

(iii)Explain 'Energy saved is energy produced.'

(2023)

LA (5 marks)
37. Why is it necessary to conserve mineral resources? Explain any four ways to conserve mineral
resources.
(Al 2017)
38. 'Energy saved is energy produced.' Assess the statement.
(2017)

39. Why should we use renewable energy resource? Explain with arguments.
(Foreign 2017)

40. Explain the importance of conservation of minerals. Highlight any three measures to conserve them.
(AI 2016)

41. Highlight the importance of petroleum. Explain the occurrence of petroleum in India.
(Delhi 2016)

42. How can solar energy solve the energy problem to some extent in India? Give your opinion.
(2015)
 GEOGRAPHY

CH-6

Manufacturing Industries

Importance of Manufacturing
VSA (1 mark)

1. Why has the 'National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council' been set-up?

(2015)

SA I (3 marks)
2. "Manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of economic development of a country."
Support the statement with examples.

(2021 C, Foreign 2017)

3. Describe the role of industries in the development of agriculture.

(2019)

4. Explain with examples the interdependence of agriculture and industries.

(Delhi 2017)

LA (5 marks)
5. Why is economic strength of a country measured by the development of manufacturing industries?
(2018, Delhi 2016)

6. 'Agriculture' and 'Industry' are complementary to each other." Explain with five examples.
(Delhi 2014)

Classification of Industries

MCO
7. Which of the following industries use bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Cement
(b) Aluminium smelting
(c) Iron and steel
(d) Chemical
(2020 C)
 VSA (1/2 mark)
8. Why does the textile industry occupy unique position in the Indian economy. Explain.
(2023)

9. Why is the iron and steel industry called as the 'basic industry'? Explain.
(Term-II, 2021-22 C)

10. Explain the importance of 'cement' industry.

(Term-II, 2021-22 C)

11. Fill in the blank:

industry is used for manufacturing aircraft, utensils and wires.

(Delhi 2020)
12. Limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum are the raw materials of industry.
(2020)

13. Suggest any one measure to promote handspun khadi in India.

(Delhi 2020)

14. Why is the 'least cost' known as decision making factor for ideal location of an industry?
(2014)

SA I (3 marks)
15. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials. How are they different from each other?
(Al 2016)

16. "The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the value
chain." Justify the statement.

(Delhi 2016)
17. Classify industries on the basis of their main role. How are they different from each other?

(Foreign 2016)

18. Classify industries on the basis of capital investment. How are they different from one another?
Explain with examples.
(2016)
 LA (5 marks)
19. Describe any five factors responsible for the concentration of iron and steel industry in and around
Chota Nagpur Plateau region.

(2019, 2014)

20. Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian economy.

(Al 2017)

21. Explain the contribution of textile industry in the Indian economy.

(Foreign 2017)

22. Why was the cotton textile industry concentrated in the cotton growing belt in the early years?
Explain.
(2014)

23. "Many of our spinners export cotton yarn while apparel manufacturers have to import fabric."
Explain this statement with appropriate reasons.

(2014)

24. "Production and consumption of Steel is often regarded as the index of a country's development".
Examine the statement.

(2014)

Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation; Control of Environmental Degradation

SA I (3 marks)
25. Explain any three ways through which industrial pollution can be reduced.
(2023)

26. Suggest any three steps to minimise the environmental degradation caused by the industrial
development in India.
(Al 2016)

SA II (4 marks)
27. Read the case given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:

NTPC shows the way

 NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification for EMS
(Environment Management System) 14001. The corporation has a pro-active approach for preserving
the natural environment and resources like water, oil, gas and fuels in places where it is setting up
power plants. This has been possible through

(a) Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.

(b) Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.

(c)Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special
purpose vehicles for afforestation.

(i) Which is the major power providing corporation in India? (ii) Name the institution which issues
ISO certification for Environment Management System.

(iii) Explain the pro-active approach of NTPC for preserving the natural environment.

(Term-II, 2021-22)

LA (5 marks)
28. Explain the ways through which the industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced.
(2020)

29. How are industries responsible for environmental degradation in India? Explain with examples.
(Delhi 2019)

30. Explain the pro-active approach adopted by the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC).
(2015)
 GEOGRAPHY
CH-7

Lifelines of National Economy

Transport - Roadways, Railways, Pipelines, Waterways, Major Sea Ports, Airways

MCQ

1. Match the following and select the correct option:

Sea
I. Kandla

II. Tuticorin

III. Paradwip

IV. Haldia

Port State
1. West Bengal

2. Odisha

3. TamilNadu
4. Gujarat

(a) 1 2 3 4

(b) 2 3 1 4

(c) 4 3 2 1

(d) 4 3 1 2

(2021C)

2. National Waterway No. 1 is navigable between which of the following places?

(a) Sadiya and Dhubri

(b) Allahabad and Haldia

(c) Udyogamandal and Champakkara

(d) Kottapuram and Komman

 (Al 2014)

VSA (1/2 mark)

3. Read the following table and answer the question that follow:
The Indain Railway nework

Gauge in metres Running

Route Total
Track
(𝐤𝐦) Track (km)
(𝐤𝐦)

Broad Gauge (1.676 𝟔𝟑, 𝟒𝟗𝟏 𝟖𝟗, 𝟓𝟐𝟏 𝟏, 𝟏𝟕, 𝟓𝟔𝟎

Metre Gauge (1.000) 3,200 3,462 3,775

Narrow Gauge (0.762

and 0.610) 1,751 𝟏, 𝟕𝟓𝟐 𝟏, 𝟗𝟎𝟏

Total 𝟔𝟖, 𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝟗𝟒, 𝟕𝟑𝟓 𝟏, 𝟐𝟑, 𝟐𝟑𝟔

(I) Which gauge covers maximum of track length in hilly areas in India?

(II)Which gauge has the highest length in India?

(Term-II, 2021-22)

4. Which is the oldest artificial sea port of India?

(Delhi 2020)

5. Name the first major sea port developed soon after Independence on the Western Coast.
(2020)

6. Name the inland riverine major sea port of India.

(2020)

7. Which is the deepest, landlocked and well protected sea port of India?
(Delhi 2020)

8. Which organisation is responsible for constructing and maintaining State Highways in India?
(2020 C)
9. Name the organisation that constructs and maintains the District Roads.
(2020 C)

10. Suggest any one way to enhance pilgrimage tourism through Indian Railways.
(Delhi 2020)

11. Name the river related to National Waterways No. 2.

(Al 2017)

12. Name the river which is related to National Waterways No. 1.

(Al 2017)

13. Name the state related to National Waterways No. 3.

(Foreign 2017)

14. What is a new arrival on the transportation map of India?

(2016)

15. What is the major objective to develop super highways?

(2015)

16. Why was Jawaharlal Nehru port developed?

(2015)

17. Why was the Haldia seaport set-up?

(2015)

SA I (3 marks)
18. "Rail transport suffers from certain problems in India." Support the statement with examples.
(2020)

19. "Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for the fast development." Express your views in
favour of this statement.
(2020, Delhi 2016)

OR

"Dense and efficient network of transport is a pre-requisite for local and national development".
Analyse the statement.
(2018, Al 2017)
20. Elaborate any three advantages of railways in India.
(2016)

OR

Explain the importance of railways as the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers
in India.

(Al 2015)
21. What is pipeline transportation? Write two merits and demerits of the same.
(2016)

22. Describe the rural roads in India.

(2015)

23. Describe any three features of waterways in India.

(Al 2015)

24. Describe any three factors that accord prominence to airways as a mode of transportation.
(2015)

25. Why are metalled roads better than unmetalled roads? What is the role of border roads and national
highways in transportation?
(2015)

SA II (4 marks)

26. Read the source given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Lifelines of National Economy

For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to a limited space. With the development in
science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide. Today,
the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport.
Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system.
Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.

Today, India is well linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size, diversity and linguistic and
socio-cultural plurality. Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, television, cinema and
internet, etc. have been contributing to its socioeconomic progress in many ways. The trades from
local to international levels have added to the vitality of its economy. It has enriched our life and
added substantially to growing amenities and facilities for the comforts of life.
(i) How is science an important factor in the development of transport?

\
 (ii) How has transport integrated socio-cultural plurality? Explain.

(iii)Analyse the significance of communication for a nation.

(Term-II, 2021-22)

LA (5 marks)
27. How are waterways an important mode of transport for both passenger and cargo traffic in India?
Explain.
(2023)
28. Explain the important features of Air Transport of India.
(2023)

29. Describe the physical and economic factors that influenced the distribution pattern of the Indian
Railways network. (2020, Foreign 2016, 2015) An

30. Describe the growing importance of road transport.

(2020)

31. "Roadways still have an edge over railways in India." Support the statement with examples.
(2020 C, Delhi 2019, Al 2016)

32. Highlight the significance of pipelines as the means of transportation, with the help of suitable
examples.
(2019 C)
33. Highlight any five major problems faced by road transport in India.
(2019 C)

34. Why is air travel preferred in North-Eastern States of India? Explain with examples.
(2019 C)

35. Highlight any five features of Hazira-Vijaipur Jagdishpur gas pipeline.

(2016)
36. How do modern means of transport serve as lifelines of our nation? Explain.

(2016)

37. "Road transport and Rail transport in India are not competitive but complementary to each other."
Justify the statement.
(Foreign 2015)
 Communication
MCQ

38. Which of the following is a source of 'mass communication'?

(a) Book
(b) Telephone
(c) Personal letter
(d)Parcel
(2021 C)
VSA (1 mark)
39. Suggest any one way to improve the postal system in India.
(2020)

SA I (3 marks)
40. "The pace of change in the communication sector has been rapid in modern times." Support the
statement with examples.
(2020)

41. Examine with example the role of means of transport and communication in making our life
prosperous and comfortable.
(Al 2017)

42. How do means of transport and communication play an important role in the economic development
of the country? Explain.
(Delhi 2014)

LA (5 marks)
43. "Communication provides entertainment and creates awareness among masses". Justify the statement.
(2020 C)

44. Classify communication services into two categories. Explain main features of each.
(2016)

International Trade; Tourism as a Trade

SA I (3 marks)
45. Describe the significance of tourism as a trade in India.
 (2015)

46. Explain the ways in which tourism promotes the related industries and services of the destination
country.
(2015)

LA (5 marks)
47. Read the following source and answer the questions that follows :

Tourism
Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades. More than 15 million people are
directly engaged in the tourism industry. Tourism
also promotes national integration, provides support to international understanding about our culture
and heritage. Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, eco tourism, adventure tourism, cultural
tourism, medical tourism and business tourism.

There is a vast potential for development of tourism in all parts of the country. Efforts are being made
to promote different types of tourism for this upcoming industry.

(i) Explain the importance of tourism.

(ii) Give an example of 'Heritage tourism'.

(iii)Assess the benefits of improving tourism in India.

(Term-II, 2021-22)

48."Tourism in India provides large amount of employment and promotes national integration." Justify
the statement.

(2020 C)
49. Describe any five benefits of tourism in India.
(Al 2019)

50. What is trade? Explain the importance of international trade.

(2016)

51. Define the term 'Tourism.' Why is tourism known as a trade? Explain.
(2016)

52. "Advancement of international trade of a country is an index to its prosperity." Support the statement
with suitable examples.