All Learning Objectives

Genetics Module
CBA2 - 2024

Abubakar Saud
Batch A, '28
INTRODUCTION/ Nucleic acids are required for the storage and expression of genetic information. There are two
RATIONALE chemically distinct types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid. DNA,

the repository of genetic information, is present not only in chromosomes in the nucleus of

eukaryotic organisms, but also in mitochondria and the chloroplasts of plants. Prokaryotic cells,

which lack nuclei, have a single chromosome, but may also contain nonchromosomal DNA in the

form of plasmids. The genetic information found in DNA is copied and transmitted to daughter

cells through DNA replication. The DNA contained in a fertilized egg encodes the information

that directs the development of an organism. This development may involve the production of

billions of cells. Each cell is specialized, expressing only those functions that are required for it to

perform its role in maintaining the organism. Therefore, DNA must be able to not only replicate

precisely each time a cell divides, but also to have the information that it contains be selectively

expressed. Transcription (RNA synthesis) is the first stage in the expression of genetic

information. Next, the code contained in the nucleotide sequence of messenger RNA molecules is

translated (protein synthesis), thus completing gene expression.

MODULE By the end of the module, students will be able to:

OUTCOMES
Knowledge:

• Describe basic structure of a gene.

• Replication of nucleic acid like DNA and RNA and understanding the mechanism of

transcription and translation.

• Describe mutation, cancers and chromosomal abnormalities

• DNA repair mechanism and their clinical applications.

• Basic analysis

TOPICS DISCIPLINE LEARNING OBJECTIVES LEARNING No of Hrs TOOL OF

STRATEGY ASSESSMENT
GENETIC PATHOLOGY • Classify human genetic disorders INTERACTIVE 2 MCQ
DISORDERS • Define mutation LECTURE
• Define the following inheritance
pattern:
 Autosomal dominant
 Autosomal recessive
 X-linked
Describe diseases associated with
consanguineous marriages
SYNTHESIS OF BIOCHEMISTRY • Describe DNA Replication INTERACTIVE 2 MCQ
GENOME (prokaryotes and eukaryotes) LECTURE
along with Assembly of DNA into
Chromosomes.
• Describe the DNA polymerase, its
components and functions.
• Describe the process of initiation,
elongation and termination of
replication.
• Describe its importance in
diagnosing diseases
DNA REPAIR BIOCHEMISTRY • Describe DNA repair, mutation and INTERACTIVE 1 MCQ
cancers. LECTURE
• Describe the disorders related with
DNA repair.
TRANSCRIPTION BIOCHEMISTRY • Describe transcription: INTERACTIVE 1 MCQ
–1 • Describe RNA polymerase, its LECTURE
components and functions.
• Describe the process of initiation,
elongation and termination of
transcription
• List the inhibitors of transcription
TRANSCRIPTION BIOCHEMISTRY • Describe the post-transcriptional INTERACTIVE 1 MCQ
–2 modifications LECTURE
• Describe the role of
posttranscriptional modification
in SLE
TRANSLATION BIOCHEMISTRY • Describe the genetic code and its INTERACTIVE 1 MCQ
characteristics LECTURE
• Describe the process of initiation,
elongation and termination of
protein synthesis.
• Describe the post – translational
modifications
• Describe the biochemical basis of
formation of defective collagen
• List the inhibitors of translation
REGULATION OF BIOCHEMISTRY • Describe the regulation of gene INTERACTIVE 1 MCQ
GENE expression. LECTURE
EXPRESSION • Describe the Role of operons in
gene regulation
• Describe the regulatory signals
mediated by receptors.
• Discuss the Regulation by post
transcriptional process and
modifications to DNA.

RECOMBINANT BIOCHEMISTRY • Discuss the process and INTERACTIVE 1 MCQ

TECHNOLOGY - applications of the following in LECTURE
1 medicine
 DNA – recombinant
technology.
 Sequencing

RECOMBINANT BIOCHEMISTRY • Demonstrate the process and SGD 1 OSPE

TECHNOLOGY – applications of the following in
2 forensic medicine Blotting
techniques
• ELISA
• RIA
 CLONING BIOCHEMISTRY • Define cloning Skill lab 2 OSPE
• Discuss different types of cloning
• Outline the steps of cloning
• Explain the applications and
disadvantages of cloning
PHARMA- PHARMACOLOGY • Define Pharmacogenetics INTERACTIVE 1 MCQ
COGENETICS • Describe the importance of the LECTURE
study of Pharmacogenetics
• Define idiosyncrasy
• Discuss the examples of
idiosyncrasy
PHARMA- PHARMACOLOGY • Define Pharmacogenomics
COGENOMICS • Define precision Medicine
• Describe the Importance of
studying pharmacogenomics
• Discuss the effect of genetic
variation in enzymes
• Discuss the effect of genetic
variation in immune system
• Define Idiosyncrasy
• Discuss the clinical significance of
idiosyncrasy
GENETIC COMMUNITY • Confirm Diagnosis INTERACTIVE 1 MCQS
COUNSELING MEDICINE • Describe chances of recurrence LECTURE
• Discuss prevention and counseling
options